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flareau@rogers.com
by / par ©François
Lareau,Ottawa, 2002-
First posted officially on the internet: 26 August 2002
Selected Bibliography on
Automatism
- - - - - - - - - - -
Bibliographie choisie sur
l'automatisme
II- Comparative Law - Droit pénal comparé
-----------
See also the following bibliographies / voir aussi les
bibliographiessuivantes
:
• I- Automatism -- Canadian Law
• Mental Disorder and Fitness to Stand Trial in Canadian Law
Authors: •
A-C---• D-K---• L-R---•
S-Z
-----------
ALDERSBERG, David and Henry Dolger, "Medico-Legal Problems of
Hypoglycaemic
Reactions in Diabetics", (1939) 12 Annals of Internal Medicine
1804-1815;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, R 11 .A84
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la
santé;
ALKASSAR, Z., A. Couvez, et J.-D. GUIEU, "Fratricide induit au cours d'un épisode nocturne à type de somnambulisme: un cas rapporté", (juillet-août 2000) 26(4)L'Encéphale 27-32; le titreau long de ce périodique est: L'Encéphale : journal deneurologie, de psychiatrie et de médecine psychosomatique; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RC321 E56 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifiqueet technique, Ottawa;
"Résumé. Le sommeil est indispensable à notre équilibre et représente une part importante dans notre vie. Parfois, certaines personnes mettent en scène des actes de violence au cours de leur sommeil. Heureusement, ces actes restent viruels et n'ont pas de conséquences vitales. Cependant, le passage à l'acte dramatique peut se produire dans le cadre d'activités automatiques. Les manifestations de ces actes sont rares mais aussi très méconnues. Parmi eux, un cas de fratricide a été expertisé dans la région du Nord de la France. Le rapport de ce cas suit une démarche d'expertise et s'ajoute aux nombreux cas publiés dans la littérature, dans lesquels il est indiqué que le comportement automatique peut être à l'origine du passage à l'acte médico-légal. Enfin, il nous a été permis de déduire deux ensemblesde facteurs susceptibles d'intervenir dans le déterminisme des actes de violence." (p. 27)
THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE, Model Penal Code and Commentaries
(Official Draft and Revised Comments), Part I -- General Provisions
§§1.01
to 2.13, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1985, liii, 420
p., see § 2.01, "Requirement of Voluntary Act; Omission as Basis
of
Liability; Possession as an Act" at pp. 212-224;
___________Model Penal Code: Proposed Official Draft, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1962, xxii, 346 p., see Section 2.01 "Requirement of Voluntary Act; Omission as Basis of Liability; Possession as an Act"at p. 24;
"Section 2.01 Requirement of Voluntary Act; Omissionas Basis of Liability; Possession as an Act."(1) A person is not guilty of an offense unless his liability is based on conduct which includes a voluntary act or the omission to perform an act which he is physically capable.
(2) The following are not voluntary acts within the meaning of thisSection:
(a) a reflex or convulsion;
(b) a bodily movement during unconsciousness or sleep;
(c) conduct during hypnosis or resulting from hypnotic suggestion;
(d) a bodily movement that otherwise is not a product of the effortor determination of the actor, either conscious or habitual."
(p. 24; subsections (3) and (4) omitted)
___________Model Penal Code: Tentative Draft No. 4,
Philadelphia:
The American Law Institute, 1955, xv, 302 p.; see "Requirement
ofvoluntary
act; Omission as basis of liability; Possession as an act", at pp.
119-123;
___________32th Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Law Institute,
Philadelphia: American Law Institute, 1955, see the discussion of
section
2.01 at pp. 145a-149; copy on microfiche at the library of
theSupremeCourt
of Canada, Ottawa; does not deal directly with automatism;
ASWORTH, A.J., "The Butler Committee and Criminal Responsibility"
[1975]Criminal
Law Review 687-696, see on automatism, pp. 689-690;
___________"Reason, Logic and Criminal Liability", (1975) 91 Law
Quarterly Review 102-130, on automatism, see pp. 106-109;
AUSTRALIA, Commonwealth of Australia, Criminal
Code Act 1995 (web site #1) and Criminal
Code Act 1995 (web site # 2), see section 4.1 Physical
elements
and section 4.2 Voluntariness;
___________VICTORIA, Victorian Law Reform Commission, Defences
to
Homicide -- Final Report, Melbourne (Victoria): Victorian Law
Reform
Commission, 2004, lvi, 360 p., on automatism, see pp. 243-252, ISBN:
0975149776;
available at http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/Homicide_Final_Report/$file/FinalReport.pdf
(accessed on 15 January 2005);
___________VICTORIA, Victorian Law Reform Commission, Defences
to
Homicide: Issues Paper, Melbourne (Victoria): Victorian Law Reform
Commission, 2002, ix, 129 p., on "Automatism", see pp. 44-45 and 79-82,
ISBN: 0957967853, available at http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/Homicide/$file/Issues_Paper.pdf
(accessed on 15 February 2003);
___________VICTORIA, Victorian Law Reform Commission, Defences
to
Murder, Options Paper, Melbourne (Victoria): Victorian Law Reform
Commission,
2003, xxxii, 410 p., see Chapter 5, "People with Mentally Impaired
Functioning
Who Kill", at pp. 169-220; ISBN: 0958182973; complete paperavailable
http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/Homicide/$file/Options_Paper.pdf
(accessed on 14 December 2003);
BACON, Patrick D. and Elissa P. Benedek, "Epileptic Psychosis and
Insanity:Case
Study and Review", (1982) 10(3) Bulletin of the American Academy of
Psychiatry and the Law 203-210; copy at Ottawa University, RA
1151 .A43 Location: FTX Periodicals;
BANAY, Ralph S., "Criminal Genesis and the Degrees of Responsibility
in the Epilepsies" (1960-61) 117 American Journal of Psychiatry 873-876;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .A52,
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciencesde la
santé;
BARTHOLOMEW, Allen A., Kerry L. Milte and Frank Galbally, "Epileptic
Homicide", (1978) 133 The British Journal of Psychiatry 564;
article
in reply to GUNN, J., "Epileptic Homicide: A Case Report", infra,
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RC 321
.J82Periodicals/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciencesde la santé;
BARTHOLOMEW, Allen A., Letter to the Editor, "Medico-legal Aspects
of
Automatism", (1976) 10(1) Australian and New Zealand Journal of
Psychiatry
65-67;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .A86
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la
santé;
___________Letters to the Editor, "Non-Organic Automatism", [1981]Criminal
Law Review 67-68; see reply by MACKAY, Letters to the Editor,
"Mr.MacKay
Replies", infra;
BASSITT, Janet Hoover, "Automatism: An Involuntary Act Defense",
(1979-80)68
Illinois
Bar Journal 740-743; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of
Canada,
microfilm;
BENNUN, Marvyn E., and Christopher Gardner-Thorpe, "McNaughten Rules
Epilepsy-OK?", (1984) 47 The Modern Law Review 92-98;
BENTIL, J. Kodwo, "Criminal Defence of Automatism", (27 January
1984)
128 Solicitors Journal 55-57;
BERAN, Roy G., "Automatism -- The Gulf Between Medicine and
The
Law", (1993) 25 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 66-73;
the
Supreme Court of Canada Library does not have a copy of this number of
this periodical; title noted in my research but article not consulted
yet;
no copy of this article in the Ottawa area libraries;
___________"Automatisms -- the current legal position related to
clinical
practice and medicolegal interpretation", (1992) 29 Clinical and
Experimental
Neurology 81-91; title noted in my research but article not
consulted;
no copy of this periodical volume is available in the Ottawa area
libraries;
___________"The Classification of Epileptic Seizures and
Syndromes", (2000)
19 Medicine & Law 753-756; copy at Ottawa University, RA
1001
.M423, Location: FTX Periodicals; does not deal directly with
automatism;
___________"Epilepsy Should Not Be an Accepted Defence in Criminal
Proceedings",
(1997) 16 Medicine & Law 405-412; copy at Ottawa
University,
RA 1001 .M423, Location: FTX Periodicals;
BERESFORD, H.R., "Can violence be a manifestation of epilepsy?",
(1980) 30
Neurology
1339-1340; in reply to GUNN, "Epileptic Homicide: ACase Report", infra;
BIRKS, W.R., "Dissociation States", (September 1966) 65 New
Zealand Medical
Journal 593-597 (number 409); copy at CISTI, Canada Institutefor
Scientific
and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, R11 N27 / ICIST,Institut
canadien
de l'information scientifique et technique, Ottawa;
BISSON, Jonathan L., "Automatism and post-traumatic stress disorder",(1993) 163 British Journal of Psychiatry 830-832; copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RB 1 .B75 Storage/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
"[Abstract] A soldier with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who committed a criminal act during a dissociative episodeis described. This report and other published cases indicate that criminal acts can occur during dissociative episodes among people who sufferfrom PTSD. However, the evidence suggests that such incidents are rare and may be overemphasised. There often seems to be little relationship between the crimes committed by war vetrerans and their war experiences."(p. 830)
BLACKBEARD, Marié, 1961-, "Epilepsy and criminal liability",
(1996) 9 South
African Journal of Criminal Justice 191-210;
___________
Epilepsy, legal problems,
Thesis (L.L.D.), University of South Africa, 1994, xv, 555 leaves;
title noted in my research but thesis not consulted; no copy in
Canadian libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and
Archives Canada (verification of 28 March 2006);
BLACKWELL, Leslie, "Automatism and Amnesia", (1962) 79 South
African Law Journal 16-27;
___________Recent Cases, "Automatism and Amnesia", (1962) 79 South
African Law Journal 135-136; deals with the case of R. v.H.,
1962 (1) S.A. 197 (A.D.);
BLAIR, Donald, "The Medico-legal Aspects of Automatism" (1977) 17 Medicine,
Science
and the Law 167-182; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada library,
Ottawa;
BLAIR, Eric, see MORRIS, Norval, "The Planter's Dream", infra;
BLUMBERG, Kenneth H., "The Criminal Defense of Automatism: Is
Therea
Place for It?" (1989) 35 Medical Trial Technique Quarterly
450-466;
copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001 .M42 Location: FTX
Periodicals;
BOLAND, Faye, Anglo-American insanity defence reform : the war
between
law and medicine, Aldershot, England; Brookfield (Vt.): Ashgate,
c1998, x,
193 p., ISBN: 1840147164; see automatism in the index at p. 190;
BORUM, Randy and Kenneth L. Appelbaum, "Epilepsy, Aggression, and
Criminal
Responsibility", (July 1996) 47(7) PsychiatricServices 762-763;
copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical
Information,Ottawa,
MAIN Ser, RC 328 H828 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information
scientifique
et technique, Ottawa,
BRAHAMS, Diana, "Hyperglycaemia, Automatism, and Insanity", (22
April1989)
i The Lancet 912-913; copy at Ottawa University, Health
Sciences
Library, R 11 .L24 Periodicals /Université d'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque
des sciences de la santé;
___________"R. v. Sullivan: Epilepsy, Insanity and the Common Law",
(1983) 51 Medico-Legal Journal 112-115; copy at at the
Library
of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa; with the same title in:
(11February
1983) 133New Law Journal 137-138;
___________"Self-induced Automatism by Diabetic May Provide
Defence
to Crimes of Basic Intent", (1983) i The Lancet 832 (1 p.
only);
BROOK, R., M. Dolan and P. Coorey, "Arson and Epilepsy", (1996)
36(3)
Medicine,Science
and the Law 268-271; copy at the Library of the Supreme Courtof
Canada,
Ottawa;
BRYCE, Robert I., "Diabetes and Crime: Robert I Bryce explores the
legal
position of a diabetic who commits a crime while suffereing from
either
hypo- or hyperglycaemia", (16 August 1991) Solicitors Journal
934-935
and 938;
BYRNE, Alan and J.B. Walsh, Correspondence, "The epileptic
arsonist",(1989)
155 British Journal of Psychiatry 268 (1 p. only); copy
at
the University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la
santé;
CAMPBELL, I.G., "Dissociative States in Australia", (1991) 3(1) International
Bulletin of Law & Mental Health 29; title noted in my
research
but article not consulted yet; no copy of this particular
number
in the libraries of the Ottawa region;
CANDEUB, Adam, "Consciousness and Culpability", (2002-2003) 54 Alabama
Law Review 113-145;
CARTWRIGHT, Rosalind, "Sleepwalking Violence: A Sleep Disorder, a
Legal
Dilemma, and a Psychological Challenge", (2004) 161 American
Journal
of Psychiatry 1149-1158;
CHRISTIE, Sarah (formerly Sarah Oliver), "Unconscious Acts, Guilty
Minds?
Placing Limits on the Defence of Sommanbulism",[2001] The Juridical
Review 147-163; see Scotland at pp. 150-151, England at pp.
151-152,
Australia at p. 152 and Canada at pp. 152-153;
CLARK,R.S., "Automatism and Strict Liability", (1968) 5 Victoria
University
of Wellington Law Review 12-25;
CLEMENTS, L.M., "Epilepsy, Insanity and Automatism", (28 October
1983)
133
New Law Journal 949-952;
COMMITTEE ON MENTALLY ABNORMAL OFFENDERS, Report of the Committee
on Mentally Abnormal Offenders: Presented to Parliament by the
Secretary
of State for the Home Department and the Secretary of State for
Social
Services by Command of Her Majesty, October 1975, London: Her
Majesty
Stationery Office, 1975, xv, 330 p., see paragraphs 18.22 and
18.23
at pp. 223-224 (series; Command; 6244), ISBN: 0101624409 (Chairman:The
Rt Hon the Lord Butler of Saffron Walden); the report is referred to as
the Butler Report;
COPE, Rosemarie V. and W. Martin Donavan, "A Case of Insane
Automatism?", (1979)
135 British Journal of Psychiatry 574-575; copy at the
University
of Ottawa, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82 Periodicals
/Universitéd'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
CORRADO, Michael, "Automatism and the Theory of Action", (1990) 39 Emory
Law Journal 1191-1228; copy at Ottawa University, KF 450
.P8J68
Location: FTX Periodicals;
___________"Is There an Act Requirement in the Criminal Law?",
(1993-94)142
University
of Pennsylvania Law Review 1529-1561;
COWLEY, David, "Epilepsy and Insanity Underthe M'Naghten
Rules",
(1983) 47 Journal of Criminal Law 258-261;
___________"Involuntary Intoxication: R. v. Allen"
(1989)
53
Journal of Criminal Law 179-180;
___________"Self-Induced Automatism as a Defence"(1983) 47 Journalof
Criminal law 237-240;
CROSS, Rupert, "Reflections on Bratty's Case" (1962) 78 The Law
QuarterlyReview
236-244;
DAVIDSON, Michael J. and Steve Walters, "United States v. Berri:The
Automatism Defense Rears Its Ugly Little Head", (October 1993) The
Army
Lawyer 17-26; copy at Ottawa University, KF 7209 .A1 A74 Location:
FTX Periodicals;
DELGADO-ESCUETA, A.V., R.H. Mattson, L. King et al.,
"Special
report: the nature of aggression during epileptic seizures", (17
September1981)
305 New England Journal of Medicine 711-716;
DENNO, Deborah W., "Crime and Consciousness: Science and
InvoluntaryActs",
(2002-2003) 87 Minnesota Law Review 269-399;
___________"A Mind to Blame: New Views on Involuntary Acts",
(2003)21
Behavioral
Sciences and the Law 601-618; Parks and Stone;
DILLON, Michael, "Intoxicated Automatism is no Defence: Majewski is
Law in Ireland", (2004) 14(3) Irish
Criminal Law Journal 7-15; copy at the Library of the Supreme
Court of Canada;
DUGARD, C.J.R., "Whither Insane Automatism?", (1967) 84 South
AfricanLaw
Journal 131-138;
EBRAHIM, Irshaad, William Wilson, Richard Marks, Kevin W. Peacock,
andPeter
Fenwick, "Violence, Sleepwalking and the Criminal Law: (1) The
MedicalAspects",
[August 2005] The Criminal Law Review 601-613;
EDWARDS, J.Ll.J., "Automatism and Criminal Responsibility", (1958) 21
The
Modern Law Review 375-386; copy at Ottawa University,KD 322 .M62
Location:
FTX Periodicals;
___________"Social Defence and Control of the Dangerous Offender",
(1968)
21
Current Law Problems 23-52, see "The problem of non-insane
automatism"
at pp. 33-35;
EICHELBERGER, Eunice A., Annotation, "Automatism or
Unconsciousnessas
Defense to Criminal Charge", (1984) 27 A.L.R. (4th) 1067-1143; and
supplement,
August 2001 at 223-226 (author unknown for supplement); copy at the
Library
of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
ELLARD, John, "Some Notes on Non-insane Automatism and the Will",
(1995)69
The
Australian Law Journal 833-840; copy at Ottawa University,KTA 0
.A95
Location: FTX Periodicals;
ELLIOTT, I.D., "Automatism and Trial by Jury", (1967-68) 6 MelbourneUniversity
Law Review 53-81;
___________"Regina v Jekyll, sub. nom. Hyde: Metaphors of the
Divided
Self in Criminal Responsibility", (1983-84) 14 Melbourne
UniversityLaw
Review
368-409;
___________"Responsibility for Involuntary Acts: Ryan v. The Queen",
(1968)
The Australian Law Journal 497-508;
ENGLAND and WALES, The Law Commission, Codification of the
Criminal
Law: A Report to the Law Commission, London: Her Majesty's
Stationery
Office, 1985, vi, 246 p., see comments on clause 43 at pp.
111-113
and 224 and clause 43 at pp. 193-194 (series; Law Com. No. 143);
___________The Law Commission, A Criminal Code for England and
Wales,vol.
1: Report and Draft Criminal Code Bill and vol. 2: Commentaryon
Draft Criminal Code Bill, London: Her Majesty's Stationery
Office,
[1989], v, 278 p.; see vol. 1, clause 33, pp. 57-58; examples at p.
163,
and in vol. 2, comments on clause 33 at pp. 219-220 (series;
LawCom.
No. 177), ISBN: 0102299897;
___________The Law Commission, Intoxication and Criminal
Liability,
London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office), 1993, iv, 109 p., see
"Intoxicationand
Automatism" at pp. 22-24 (paragraphs 2.32 and 2.33) (series; The
Law
Commission; Consultation Paper No. 127), ISBN: 0117302104;
___________The Law Commission, Legislating the Criminal
Code:Intoxication
and Criminal Liability, Item 5 of the Fourth Programme of Law
Reform:
Criminal Law, London: HMSO (Her Majesty's Stationery Office),1995,
vi, 123 p., see on automatism, pp. 19-20 (paragraphs 2.18 to2.20) and
36
(paragraph 3.47) (series; Law Commission; No. 229), ISBN:0102153957;
___________Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949-1953, Report/Royal
Commission on Capital Punishment 1949-1953:Report, London: Her
Majesty'sStationery
office, 1953, x, 506 p.; discussesepilepsy;
FAIRALL, Paul, "Automatism" (1981) 5 Criminal Law Journal 335-348;
Summary
"The defence of automatism, though of recent origin, is now firmly established in the criminal law. The purpose of this article is toconsider some common causes of automatism, together with relevant cases."(p. 335)
___________"Irresistible Impulse, Automatism and Disease of the
Mind", (1981) 5 Criminal Law Journal 136-155;
___________"Murder -- Provocation -- Medical Evidence that killing
anunwilled
action: RADFORD", (1987) 11 CriminalLaw Journal 228-229;
___________"Murder -- Provocation -- Unwilled Act -- Guidelines
forwritten
memorandum to jury: RADFORD (No. 2)" (1987) 11 CriminalLaw
Journal
230-233;
___________"Voluntariness, Automatism and Insanity: Reflections on
Falconer",(1993)
17 Criminal Law Journal 82-96;
FALK-PETERSEN, Johan Kr., "Automatisms in Non Common Law
Countries",(1997)
16 Medicine & Law 359-365; deals mostly with Norway
but
says a few words about Denmark (p. 364), Sweden (p. 365) and
Switzerland
(p. 365); copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001 .M423, Location:
FTXPeriodicals;
FELTOE, G., "Sane Automatism: The Demise ofa Defence?",
(1968-73)
11 Rhodesian Law Journal 19; the articleis in 1971;
title
noted in my research but article not consulted; nocopy of this
periodical
in the Ottawa area libraries;
FENTON, G.W., "Epilepsy and automatism", (1972) 7 British Journal of Hospital Medicine 57-64; copy at Ottawa University, Health SciencesLibrary, RB 1 .B75 Storage/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèquedes sciences de la santé;
"History
Hippocrates, in On the Sacred Disease written about 400 BC,described what may be interpreted as automatisms. He writes: 'AndI see men become mad and demented from no manifest cause, and at the sametime doing many things out of place; and I have known many persons in sleepgroaning and crying out, some in a state of suffocation, some jumping upand fleeing out of doors and deprived of their reason till they awakenand afterwards becoming well and rational as before, although they be paleand weak'. John de Gaddesden, in the Rosa Anglica written about 1314 gives a description of an automatism accompanied by movementsof the mouth (DeJong, 1957). Benivenius published in 1507, in Florence, a description of a patient who would stand still and stare, without reactingto his wife's questions, and who later began suffering from convulsive attacks which confirmed the suspected diagnosis of epilepsy. Erastusin 1581 described a girl who, for half an hour, used to run up and downin the room while people talked to her and tried to stop her. When asked afterwards whether she had seen or heard anybody, she disclaimedall knowledge of any such episodes of behaviour (Temkin, 1945). Patients who would always run a short distance and then fall down in a fit, wereregarded as suffering from epilepsis cursiva by Bootius in 1619 (Gowers, 1881). Epileptic automatisms were thus clearly recognisedas such by physicians in the 16th and 17th centuries." (p. 58)
FENWICK, Peter and Elizabeth Fenwick, eds., Epilepsy and theLaw
- A Medical Symposium on the Current Law, London: Royal Society of
Medicine; distributed by Oxford University Press, 1985, viii, 88
p.(series;
International congress and symposium series / Royal Society ofMedicine
0142-2367 no. 81), ISBN: 0199220220; copy at CISTI, Canada
Institute
for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, R106R88 no.
81 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et
technique,
Ottawa;
FENWICK, Peter, "Aggression and epilepsy" in Michael R. Trimble and
Tom G. Bolwig, eds., Aspects of Epilepsy and Psychiatry,
Chichesterand
New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986, x, 256p. at pp. 31-60
(series;Wiley
medical publication), ISBN: 0471909327; title noted in my researchbut
article
not consulted yet; no copy of this book inthe Ottawa area libraries;
copy
at Université de Montréal, WL/385/A838/1986;
___________"Automatism" in Robert Bluglass and Paul Bowden, eds.,
withan
introduction by Nigel Walker, Principlesand Practice of
ForensicPsychiatry,
Edinburgh and New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, xxi,1405, 10, 84,
53 p., at pp. 271-285, with bibliography at pp. 25-27, ISBN:
0443035784;
copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical
Information,
Ottawa/ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et
technique, Ottawa, RA1151 P957; important
contribution to
the subject;
___________"Automatism and the Law", (23 September 1989) ii The
Lancet
753-754;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, R 11 .L24
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de
la santé;
___________"Automatism, Medicine and the Law", Cambridge:
Cambridge
University Press, 1990, iv, 27 p., (series; Psychological medicine.
Monograph
supplement; number 17), ISBN: 0521399068; copy at CISTI, Canada
Institute
for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser,
RC321P97771
no. 17 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique
et
technique, Ottawa;
important contribution to the
subject;
___________"Brain, Mind and Behaviour: Some Medico-legal
Aspects",(1993)
163 British Journal of Psychiatry 565-573; copy at Ottawa
University,
Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82, Periodicals
/Universitéd'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
___________"Epilepsy, Automatism and the English Law", (1997) 16 Medicine
& Law 349-358; copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001 .M423,
Location: FTX Periodicals;
___________"Sleep and sexual offending", (1996) 36(2) Medicine,
Science
and the Law 122-134; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada library,
Ottawa;
___________"Somnambulism and the Law:A Review", (1987) 5(3) Behavioral
Sciences & the Law 343-357; copy at Ottawa University, RC 321
.B42,
Location: FTX Periodicals;
FERGUSON, P.W., "Automatism, Responsibility and Recklessness", (1992) The Scots Law Times (News) 375-377; copy at the library of the SupremeCourt of Canada, location: Room C, U.K. Law reports, JUR;
"Mr. Ferguson considers the continuing development of the law of automatism and welcomes the increased emphasis being placed by the courtson the mental element in crime." (p. 375)
FERGUSON, Pamela R., "The Limits of the Automatism Defence", (1991)36
The
Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 446-449;
FINGARETTE, Herbert, "Diminished Mental Capacity as a Criminal Law
Defence",
(1974) 37 Modern Law Review264-280; copy at Ottawa
University,KD
322 .M62 Location: FTX Periodicals;
FISHER, John, "Voluntariness --The Missing Link", (1988-91) 6
AucklandUniversity Law Review 1-13;
FOX, Sanford J., "Physical Disorder, Consciousness, and Criminal
Liability",
(1963) 63 Columbia Law Review 645-668;
FRIER, B.M. and G. Maher, "Diabetes and Hypoglycaemia: Medico-legal
Aspects of Criminal Responsibility", (1988) 5(6) Diabetic Medicine521-526;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RC 660 .A1D527
Periodicals
/Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciencesde la
santé;
FRIER, Brian M., Judith M. Steel, David M. Matthews and Leslie
J.P.Duncan,
"Driving and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes", (7 June 1980) TheLancet
1232-1234; copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, R 11
.L24
Periodicals /Université d'Ottawa, Bibliothèquedes
sciences
de la santé; does not deal directly with automatism;
GAULT, Stephem, "Dissociative state automatism and criminal
responsibility",(2004)
28 Criminal Law Journal 329-360;
GLASGOW, G.L., "The Anatomy of Automatism" (September 965) 64 NewZealand
Medical Journal 491-495 (number 397); copy at CISTI,
CanadaInstitute
for Scientific and Technical Information,Ottawa, MAIN Ser, R11N27 /
ICIST,
Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique,Ottawa;
___________"Some Medico-Legal Aspects of Epilepsy" (1960) 36 New
Zealand Law Journal 277-282 (2 columns per page);
GLASS, H.H., "Hypnosis and the Law", (1971) 3 Australian Journal
of Forensic Science 162-167; copy at the Library of the Supreme
Courtof
Canada, Ottawa;
GLAZEBROOK, P.R., Case and Comment, "The Involuntary Intoxicated
Diabetic",
(1984)
Cambridge Law Journal 5-7; deals with Bailey, [1983]1
W.L.R. 760 (Court of Appeal);
GOODE, Matthew, "On Subjectivity and Objectivity in Denial of CriminalResponsibility: Reflections on Reading Radford", (1987) 11 Criminal Law Journal 131-152;
Summary
"This article examines the law relating to provocation, automatism and insanity in the context of the recent decision of the South AustralianCourt of Criminal Appeal in Radford. Particular emphasis is placed on the objective gloss placed on these doctrines by the suggestion that, where the provocation or automatism is 'self-induced', the doctrines will not avail the accused. In addition, the distinction between insanity and automatism drawn by the phrase 'disease of the mind' is critically analysed." (p. 131)
GORDON, Gerald H., "Automatism Insanity and Intoxication: Are
unconscious
acts defensible?", (1976) 21 The Journal of the Law Society of
Scotland
310-316;
GOULD, Patricia E., "Automatism: The Unconsciousness Defence to a
Criminal
Action", (1978) 15 San Diego Law Review 839-858; copy at
Ottawa
University, KFC 69 .S35 Location: FTX Periodicals;
GRANT, Emily, "While You Were Sleeping or Addicted: A Suggested
Expansion
of the Automatism Doctrine to Include an Addiction Defense",
[2000]
University
of Illinois Law Review 997-1023; copy at Ottawa
University,
KFI1269 .U54, Location: FTXPeriodicals;
GRAY, J.W.R., "A Purely Temporary Disturbance", (1974) 19 The
Juridical
Review (N.S.) 227-248;
GRAY, Stephen, "A Class Act, an Omission or a Non-event?
Criminal
Responsibility Under Section 31 of the Criminal Code (NT)", (2002) 26 Criminal
Law Journal
175-188, see "Automatism" at p. 186;
GRUENEWALD, Doris, "Dissociation: appearance and meaning", (1986) 29(20) American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 116-122; copy at Ottawa University, RC 490 .A4, Location: MRT Periodicals; does not deal directly with automatism as a legal concept;
"[Abstract] Dissociation is discussed as a descriptiveterm for processes not directly accessible to observation but known bytheir consequences. Dissociative phenomena manifest themselves in what appears to be memory loss and behavioral change on a broad spectrum from normal to pathological, with dissociation proper being considered a distinct form of psychopathology of greater or lesser severity. Similarities and differences between dissociation and splittingare elaborated in relation to their maturational, developmental, and defensive aspectsand functions. The theoretical background is presented as beingpart of psychoanalytic theory in general and object relations theory in particular. Issues pertaining to hypnosis are critically evaluated, with recognition that spontaneous autohypnotic states may occur. Phenomenology anddiagnostic problems involved in dissociative states are included, and forensicissuesare briefly touched on." (p. 116)
GUILLEMINAULT, Christian, Damien Leger, Pierre Philip, Maurice
M.Ohayon,"Nocturnal
Wandering and Violence: Review of a Sleep Clinic Population", (1998)
43(1)
Journal
of Forensic Sciences 158-163; note: Maurice M.Ohayon is from the
Centre
de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montréal, Montréal,
Québec,
Canada; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical
Information,
Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RA1001J86 / ICIST, Institut canadien de
l'information
scientifique et technique, Ottawa,
GUILLEMINAULT, Christian, Adam Moscovitch and Damien Leger,
"Injury,
Violence and Nocturnal Wanderings", (1995) 16(4) American Journal
of
Forensic Psychiatry 33-46; copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001
.A43,Location:
FTX Periodicals;
GUNN, John and George Fenton, "Epilepsy, Automatism, and Crime",
(1971)
i
The Lancet 1173-1176; copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences
Library,
R 11 ..L24 Periodicals /Université d'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque
des sciences de la santé;
GUNN, John, Correspondence, "Epileptic Homicide", (1978) 133 British
Journal of Psychiatry 565 in reply to BARTHOLOMEW et al.,
supra;
copy at Ottawa University,Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82
Periodicals/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
___________"Epileptic Homicide: A Case Report" (1978) 132 British
Journal of Psychiatry 510-513; see response by BARTHOLOMEW et
al.,
supra;
copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82
Periodicals/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
___________"Legal Implications of Behavioral Changes in Epilepsy",
(1991)
55 Advances in Neurology 461-471; copy at Ottawa University,
Health
Sciences Library, RC 321 .A276, general collection and not in the
periodicals/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
HANNAN, Barbara, "Depression, responsibility, and criminal
defenses", (2005) 28 International
Journal of Law and Psychiatry 321-333;
HARDING, Richard W., "Sane and Insane Automatism in Australia:
Some
Dilemmas, Developments and Suggested Reforms", (1981) 4 International
Journal of Law and Psychiatry 73-87; Ottawa University has a copy
of
this number, RA 1001 .I574, Location: FTX Periodicals;
HARRISON, Ruth, Divisional Courts, "Driving and Automatism: Broome
v
Perkins", (1988) 52 Journal of Criminal Law 213-214;
HARTVIG, P., R. Rosenqvist and H.J. Stang (26 June 2003) 123 (13-14) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1831-4; [Automatism and the law in Norway 1981-2000] [Article in Norwegian]; Kompetansesenter for sikkerhets-, fengsels- og rettspsykiatri for Helseregion Ost og Helseregion Sor, Aker universitetssykehus, 0320 Oslo. paal@hartvig.net;
"BACKGROUND: Automatism in criminal cases is a medical, legal and ethical challenge in most countries, as it often leads to acquittal in criminal cases. In Norway it is also a semantic problem; the term "unconsciousness" is used in criminal law in a meaning that differs from its normal sense of coma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the years 1981-2000 the conclusion "unconsciousness"/automatism was reached in 42 cases by forensic psychiatrists. We have scored their assessments regarding demographic, social, criminological and psychiatric variables in the felons. RESULTS: The main reasons for concluding that automatism was present were: toxic (mainly alcohol) in 64%, psychogenic in 24%, and organic in 12% of the cases. The two most frequent crimes in the sample were manslaughter (29%) and intoxicated driving (21%). In 33% of cases the court did not return an acquittal based on automatism. In 29 % of the cases we disagree with, and in a further 36% we are in doubt about, the conclusions reached by the forensic psychiatrists. INTERPRETATION: Many assessments were of insufficient quality; this may give rise to questions regarding equal treatment under criminal law. We propose some changes that are called for to Norwegian legislation and practice in the field." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12830256&dopt=Abstract (accessed, 17 December 2005)
HAUHART, R.C., "The Involuntary Action Defence to a Criminal
Indictment",
(1984) 11 Northern Kentucky Law Review 321-354; copy at Ottawa
University,KFN
1269 .N67 Location: FTX Periodicals;
HEINZ-DIETRICH, Dr., "Epilepsy its place as a legal defence",
(1997)
16(2)
Medicine & Law 413-420; copy at Ottawa University, RA1001
.M423, Location: FTX Periodicals;
HERLIHY, J.McR., "Non-Insane Automatism -- Its Future Under The
Queensland
Criminal Code", (1982) 12 University of Queensland Law Journal
101-113;
HERXHEIMER, Andrew,"Driving under the Influence of Oxazepam:
GuiltWithout
Responsibility? Metropolitan Police v. Reddihough", (1982)132 New
Law
Journal 718(1 p. only); the article states that thisarticle is also
published in theissue of 24 July 1982 of The Lancet(I have not
verified
this lastcitation);
HINDLER, C.G., "Epilepsy and Violence", (1989) 155 The British
Journa
lof Psychiatry 246-249; copy at Ottawa University, Health Sciences
Library, RC 321 .J82 Periodicals /Université d'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque
des sciences de la santé;
HORDER, Jeremy, "Pleading Involuntary Lack of Capacity", (1993)
52(2)
CambridgeLaw
Journal 298-318;
HORN, Mike, "A Rude Awakening: What to Do with the Sleepwalking
Defense?",
(2004) 46(1) Boston College Law Review 149-182; available at
(accessed
on 15 December 2005);
HOWARD, Christopherand P.T. D'Orban, "Violence in sleep: medico-legal issues and two case reports", (1987) 17(4) Psychological Medicine 915-925; copy at Ottawa University, MRT Periodicals, RC 321 .P947;
"SYNOPSIS. Reported cases of violence during sleep arere viewed. Two new cases are reported where the subjects were charged respectively with attempted murder and murder; both were acquitted on the grounds of non-insane automatism. Clinical features and aetiological factors are analysed. The legal concepts surrounding non-insane automatism are discussed and criticized."(p.915)
HOWARD, Colin, "Automatism and Insanity", (1962-64) 4 Sydney
Law Review 36-48;
___________ Strict Responsibility, London: Sweet and
Maxell,1963,xx,
220 p., see "Insanity and automatism" at pp. 199-201; also title of his
thesis at theUniversity of Adelaide; copy of the book at the
Library
of the Supreme Courtof Canada, KF9235 H68;
J.A.C., Courts of Appeal, "Automation and Insanity" (1983) 47 Journal
of
Criminal Law 170-171; deals with R. v. Sullivan,
[1983]2
W.L.R.392; [1983] 1 All E.R. 577;
___________Courts of Appeal, Comments on Cases, "Operation of
Defence
of Automatism: R. v. Stripp", (1980) 44 Journal of Criminal
Law
190-192;
JONES, T.H., "Insanity, Automatism, and the Burden of Proof on the
Accused",(1995)
111 The Law Quarterly Review 475-516;
JOUBERT, A.F., T. Verschoor, P.H.J.J. v Rensburg, "Epilepsy and the
Law", (1997) 16 Medicine & Law 769-778; copy at Ottawa
University,
__1001 .M423, Location: FTX Periodicals;
KADO, Ayako and Larry R. Fisher, "Sleepwalking --Nightmare for the
courts",
available at http://www.colorado.edu/iec/SP200RW/sleep.htm
(accessed on 2 August 2002);
KAHN, M., "Automatism Sane and Insane", [1965] New Zealand Law
Review113-116
and 119-120;
KAYUMOV, Leonid, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, Paul Fedoroff, and Colin M. Shapiro,"Diagnostic Values of Polysomnography in Forensic Medicine", (January 2000) 45(1) Journalof Forensic Sciences 191-194; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RA1001 J86 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique, Ottawa,
" Abstract: A man accused of a first-degree murder ofa two-year-old girl claimed that he had not been conscious during the time of the alleged murder. The possibility that he may have committed the crime while 'sleepwalking' was raised. The forensic psychiatrist looked to the sleep disorders facilityto conduct polysomnographic investigation of the accused in order to investigate the possibility that he had a parasomnia.Overnight sleep recordings with video surveillance carried out for two consecutive nights showed no evidenceof parasomnia. On the basis of thefull assessment, the final report of the forensic psychiatrist did not support a legal defense of non-insane automatismand 'sleepwalking' was withdrawn as a possible defense by the lawyer of the accused." (copy ofabstract available at
http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/jforensicsci/PAGES/3231.htm?L+mystore+tknu8781 ,accessed on 30 July 2002)
KEENE, Brian P., "The Problem of Automatism" (1968-71) 1 Auckland
Law Review 15-36 (issue number one, 1968);
KELNER and Alexander, "Traumatic Epilepsy: Direct and
Cross-examinationof
Doctors" in Harolds, Louis R., Joseph Kelner and Jacob D.
jt.Fuchsberg,
eds., Examination of Witnesses, Boston : American Trial Lawyers
Association, [1965], 569 p. at p. 193; article not consulted yet; no
copy
of this bookin the Ottawa area libraries; copy at the Universityof
Montreal,
KDGA/H292e;
KNOX, S.J., "Epileptic Automatism and Violence", (1968) 8 Medicine,
Science and the Law 96-104; copy at the Library of the Supreme
Courtof
Canada, Ottawa;
KOUMI, Kyp, Case Note, "Roberts and Others v. Ramsbottom (1980) 1
AllER
7", (Autumn 1980) City of London Law Review 43 (1 p. only);
tort
law; copy at Ottawa University,KD 322 .C57 Location: FTX
Periodicals;
LaFAVE,Wayne R., Substantive Criminal Law, 2nd ed., [St. Paul,Minn.] : Thomson/West Group, 2003, vol. 2, "Automatism" at pp. 32-41, ISBN:031410805X; copy atthe Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KV 9219L382 2003 v. 2;
LANSDOWN, A.V., "The Defence of Unconscious Automatism", (1956) 73 The South African Law Journal 90-93;[Contents]
"§ 9.4 Automatism
Analysis
Subsec.
(a) Meaning of 'Automatism.'
(b) The Automatism Defense.
(c) Automatism vs. Insanity." (p. 32)
LAURIE, Graeme T., "Automatism and insanity in the Laws of England
andScotland",
[1995] Juridical Review 253-265; copy at Ottawa
University,
KD 322.J854, Location: FTX Periodicals;
LEDERMAN, Eliezer, "Non-Insane and Insane Automatism: Reducing the
Significance
of a Problematic Distinction" (1985) 34 International and
Comparative
Law Quarterly 819-837;
LEONARD, John, "Drink, drugs and automatism", (1972) 40 Medico
Legal
Journal
53-68, note that pp. 64-68 consists of discussion of the author,
the President, Dr. Blair Dr. Fairfield and Mr. Samuels; copy at the
Library
of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa; a few lines only on automatism;
LEVY, Neil and Tim Bayne, "Doing without deliberation: automatism,
automaticity, and moral accountability", (August 2004) 16(3) International Review of Psychiatry
209-215;
MACKAY, R.D., "The Automatism Defence -- What Price Rejection?"
(1983)
34 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 81-105;
___________Notes, "Automatism in the Civil Law", (1980) 96 The
Law
Quarterly Review 503-506;
___________"Craziness and Codification--Revising the Automatism and
Insanity Defences" in I.H. Denis, ed., Criminal Law and Justice:
Essays
from the W.G. Workshop, 1986, London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1987,
xviii,
253 p., at pp. 109-121, ISBN: 042137770;
___________"Intoxication as a Factor in Automatism", [1982] Criminal
Law Review 146-156;
___________"McNaghten Rules OK ?: The Need for Revision of the
Automatism
and Insanity Defenses in English Criminal Law", (1986-87) 5 Dickinson
Journal of International Law 167-192; note at p. 167: "The
following
article is an expanded version of a paper given during the 1986 W.G.
Hart
Legal Workshop at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London
entitled
"Craziness and Codification -- Revising the Automatism and Insanity
Defences,"
see pp. 109-121 of Criminal Law and Justice (Sweet & Maxwell,
England
1987) ed. I.H. Dennis. Much of the expansion resulted from an informal
faculty presentation given at the University of Arizona College of Law
in February 1987;
___________ Mental Conditions Defences in the Criminal Law,
Oxford:
Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, xii, 252
p.,see
Chapter 1, "The Defence of Automatism" at pp. 1-72 (series;
Oxford
monographs on criminal law and criminal justice), ISBN: 0198259956;
copy
at Ottawa University, FTXGeneral, KD 7897 .M33 1995;
___________Letters to the Editor, "Mr. MacKay Replies", [1981] Criminal
Law Review 68-69; reply to BARTHOLOMEW, Letters to the Editor,
"Non-OrganicAutomatism",
supra;
___________"Non Organic Automatism -- Some Recent Developments",
[1980]
Criminal
Law Review 350-361;
MACKAY, R.D., and B.J. Mitchell, "Sleepwalking, Automatism and
Insanity", [October 2006] The
Criminal Law Review 901-905;
MACKAY, R.D., and Markus Reuber, "Epilepsy and the Defence of
Insanity -- Time for Change?", [October 2007] The
Criminal Law Review 782-793;
MAHER, Gerry, Judith Pearson and Brian M. Frier, "Diabetes Mellitus
and Criminal Responsibility", (1984) 24 Medicine, Science and the
Law
95-101; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
MAHER, G., Notes, "Automatism and Diabetes", (1983) 99 The Law
Quarterly
Review 511-513;
___________"Sane but abnormal" in Sheila A.M. McLean, ed., Legal
Issues in Medicine, Aldershot, Hampshire : Gower, 1981, xiv, 219
p.,
pp. 191-207 and see "Automatism" at pp. 197-201, ISBN: 0566004283; copy
at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, KF3821 L43;
MAHOWALD, Mark W., Scott R. Bundlie, Thomas D. Hurwitz and Carlos H.Schenck, "Sleep Violence -- Forensic Science Implications: Polygraphicand Video Documentation", (1990) 35(2) Journal of Forensic Sciences 413-432 with extensive references at pp. 427-432; copy at CISTI, CanadaInstitute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RA1001J86 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique,Ottawa;
"Abstract: During the past century, infrequent,anecdotal reports of sleep-related violence with forensic science implicationshave appeared. Recent rapid developments in the field of sleep-disorders medicine have resulted in greater understanding of a variety of sleep-relatedbehaviors, and formal sleep-behavior monitoring techniques have permitted their documentation and classification. Sleep-related violence can be associated with a number of diagnosable and treatable sleep disorders, including (1)night terrors/sleepwalking,(2) nocturnal seizures, (3) rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-behavior disorder,(4) sleep drunkenness, and (5) psychogenic dissociative states occurring during the sleep period. Potentially violent automatized behavior, without consciousness, can and does occur during sleep. The violence resulting from these disorders may be misinterpreted as purposeful suicide, assault, or even homicide. Sleep-related violence must be added to the list of automatisms. A classification systemof both waking and sleep-related automatic behavior is proposed, with recommendations for assessment of such behavior."
(abstract available at:
http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/jforensicsci/PAGES/1487.htm?L+mystore+tknu8781, accessed on 30 July 2002)
MAHOWALD, Mark W. and Carlos H. Schenck, "Parasomnias: Sleepwalking
and the Law", (2000) 4 Sleep Medicine Reviews 321-339;
MALO, Aaron, Matthew P. Barach, Joseph A. Levine, "The Temporary
Insanity Defence in California", Public Law Research Institute Report,
Hastings College of Law, University of California, 1994, available
at http://w3.uchastings.edu/plri/spring95/tmpinsan.html
(accessed on 24 April 2006);
MARSHALL, James, "Relation of the Unconscious to Intention", (1966)
52 Virginia Law Review 1256-1282; copy at Ottawa University,
KFV2469
.V56 Location: FTX Periodicals; does not deal directly
withautomatism;
MARTIN, Lawrence, "Can sleepwalking be a murder defense?",
available at
http://www.mtsinai.org/pulmonary/Sleep/sleep-murder.htm
(accessed on 2 August 2002);
MASON, J.K. (John Kenyon), 1919-, R.A. McCall Smith, and G.
T.(Graeme
T.) Laurie, Law and medical ethics, 6th ed, London :
Butterworths,
2002, xlvi, 704 p., see "Automatism" at pp. 654-659, ISBN:
0406949956;copy
at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K3601 M67 2002;
McCALL SMITH, A. and C.M. Shapiro, "Sleep Disorders and the
CriminalLaw"in
C.M. Shapiro and A. McCall Smith, eds, Forensic Aspects of Sleep,Chichester
and Toronto: John Wiley and Sons, 1997, viii, 208 p., at pp.29-64,
ISBN:
0471969982; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for ScientificandTechnical
Information/ ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifiqueet
technique,
RA1170.S54 F715;
McCOLGAN, Aileen, "General Defences" in Donald Nicolson and
LloisBibbings,
eds., Feminist Perspectives on Criminal Law,
London/Sydney:Cavendish
Publishing Limited, 2000, xxx, 282 p., Chapter 8 at pp. 137-158,see in
"Insanity and automatism" at pp. 138-140, ISBN: 1859415261; copyat
Ottawa
University, FTX general, KD 7850 .F46 2000;
McCRORY, P., "The medico legal aspects of automatism in mild head
injury",
(2001) 35 British Journal of Sports Medicine 288-290;
availableat
http://bjsm.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/35/5/288
(accessed on 12May 2005);
McCUTCHEON, J.P., "Involuntary Conduct and the Criminal Law: The
Case
of the Unconscious Driver", (1998) 21(3) International Journal of
Law&
Psychiatry 305-314;
McDERMOTT, T.L., "The Path of Automatism", (1958-63) 1 Tasmanian
University Law Review 695-705;
McKENNA, Ian B., "Voluntariness -- actus reus or mens rea?", (1984)
29
Juridical Review (n.s.) 87-89; deals with R. v. Sullivan,
[1983] 1 All E.R. 577 affirmed by the House of Lords, [1983] 2 All
E.R.673;
McLACHLAN, D.G., "Dissociated States and Automatism", (September
1966)
65
New Zealand Medical Journal 598-600 (number 409); copy at CISTI,
Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa,
MAINSer,
RC 328 H828 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et
technique, Ottawa;
McLEOD, Hamish J., Mitchell K. Byrne and Rachel Aitken,
"Automatismand
dissociation: Disturbances of consciousness and volition from a
psychological
perspective", (2004) 27 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
471-487;
McSHERRY, Bernadette, "Afterword: Options for the Reform of Provocation, Automatism and Mental Impairment" (2005) 12(1) Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 44-49;
___________ "Automatism in Australia Since Falconer's
Case"
(December 1996) International Bulletin of Law and Mental Health 3-8;
Ottawa; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet;copy
at
the National Library Canada;
___________"Defining What is a 'Disease of the Mind': The
Untenability
of Current Legal Interpretations", (1993) 1 Journal of Law and
Medicine
76-90;
title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; copy of this
periodical in the Ottawa area libraries; copy at Sherbrooke University
and Laval University;
___________"Epilepsy, Automatism and Culpable Driving", (2002) 21(1)
Medicine
& Law 133-153; copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001 .M423,
Location:
FTX Periodicals; also with the same title in R.G. Beran, ed., Epilepsy
and Driving, Tel Aviv: Yozmot Pub. Ltd, 1999, pp. 51-72; no copy of
this book located in Canada (28 July 2002);
___________"Getting away with murder? Dissociative states and
criminalresponsibility",
(Spring 1998) 21(2) International Journal of Law & Psychiatry
163-176; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
___________"Men Behaving Badly: Current Issues in Provocation,
Automatism, Mental Impairment and Criminal Responsibility", (April
2005) 12(1) Psychiatry, Psychology
and Law 15-22;
___________"Premenstrual Syndrome and Criminal Responsibility", (1994)
1(2) Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
139-151;
___________"The Return of the Raging Hormones Theory: Premenstrual
Syndrome,
Post Partum Disorders and Criminal Responsibility", (1993) 15 Sydney
Law Review 292-316, see on automatism, pp. 311-312;
___________"Voluntariness, Intention, and the Defence of Mental
Disorder:
Toward a Rational Approach", (2003) 21 Behavioral Sciences and the
Law
581-599;
MERCER, Sarah, Court of Appeal, "Automatism -- Insane and
Non-Insane:
R.
v. Hennessy", (1989) 53 Journal of Criminal Law 421-422;
MORRIS, Norval and Colin Howard, Studies in Criminal Law,
Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1964, xxxiv, 270 p., see Chapter II, "Insanity and
Automatism",
at pp. 37-78; automatism is dealt with at pp. 61-78;
MORRIS, Norval, "The Planter's Dream", (1982) 40 University of
Chicago
Law Review 620-645; "Planter's Dream" is found at pp. 620-639,
followed
by a selected bibliography on automatism at pp. 640-645; Note:
Morris
submits that "Planter's Dream" was written by Eric Blair, in 1925;
___________"Somnambulistic Homicide: Ghosts, Spiders, and North
Koreans"
(1951) 5 Res Judicata 29-33; discusses the case of The Kingv.
Cogdon,
Supreme Court of Victoria, Australia, December1950; copy at Ottawa
University,
KTA 0 .M453, Location: FTX Periodicals;
MORSE, Howard Newcomb, "The Aberrational Man -- A Tour de Force of
Legal
Psychiatry (Part III) -- Psychiatric conditions and resultant
responsibility
(continued)", (1968) 13(3) Journal of Forensic Sciences
340-375,see
automatism at pp. 365-369; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for
Scientificand
Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser RA 1001 J86 / ICIST, Institut
canadien
de l'information scientifique et technique, Ottawa;
MORSE, Stephen J., "Culpability and Control", (1994) 142 University
of Pennsylvania Law Review 1587-1660;
MURRAY, John B., "Hypnosis and Criminal Bahaviour", (1965) 11 TheCatholic
Lawyer 209-214; does not deal directly with automatism; copy at
Ottawa
University, KF 300 .A1 A374, Location: FTX Periodicals;
NANDA, R.N. and A.G. Sherriff, "Fatal Accident During an Epileptic
Automatism",
(12 September 1979) 90 New Zealand Medical Journal 193-195
(issue
number 643); copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and
Technical
Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, R11 N27 / ICIST, Institut canadien de
l'information
scientifique
et technique, Ottawa;
NEARY, Francis John, Consciousness, coherence and control of
theself
: Thomas Henry Huxley, William James and the human automatism debate in
the late nineteenth century, Ph.D. thesis, University of
Lancaster,1998;
title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
NEW ZEALAND, Crimes Consultative Committee, Crimes Bill 1989 - Report of the Crimes Consultative Committee: Presented to the Minister of Justice ,[Wellington]: [The Crimes Consultative Committee], 1991, 123 p., ISBN:0477076165, see pp. 11-12 on clause 29, "Involuntary acts" (Chairman: Mr.Justice Casey);
"Clause 19 -- Involuntary acts
This clause seeks to capture a core principle of criminal liability, namely, that a person should not be liable to punishment for an act or omission that is not voluntary.That principle is simple enough to state, as evidenced by subclause(1). A satisfactory statutory definition of involuntariness is, however, more elusive. For that reason, the bill offers, by way of subclause(2), examples of what involuntariness means. The provision is open-endedand does not purport to be a comprehensive definition. Neither the English Law Commission draft code nor the United States Model Penal Code has been able to improve on this approach.
The submissions on the bill indicate that there may be difficulties even with the propositions contained in subclause (2). It is also the case that subclause (3) fails to deal adequately with the relationship between voluntariness and intoxication. That issue needs detailed study and probably would require a separate clause if a proposition on voluntariness remained in the bill.
A substantial amount of time would be required to settle a comprehensive definition of involuntariness. The Committee is mindful of the difficulty that other law reform bodies have had with the task. In the circumstances, we consider that the better course is to set clause 19 aside for the time being. In the absence of a clause on involuntary acts the courts willcontinue to apply relatively well-settled common law principles." (pp. 11-12)
___________Government, Crimes Bill 1989, introduced in
May
1989, xxvii, 156 p., see on clause 19, "Involuntary acts", pp. iv-v and
14;
"19. Involuntary acts --
(1) A person is not criminally responsible for doing any act involuntarily or from omitting involuntarily to do any act.(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1) of this section,--
(a) a person does an act involuntarily if the act --(3) This section does not apply to involuntariness caused by intoxication, whether by alcohol or any other substance." (p. 14)(i) Is the result of a reflex, spasm, or convulsion; or(b) A person omits involuntarily to do an act if, at the time of the omission, the person is physically incapable of doing the required act.
(ii) Is done while that person is asleep or unconscious; and----------
"Clause 19 relates to involuntary actsand omissions. It owes something to clause 43 of the proposed Criminal Code (U.K.), and something to section 2.10(2) of the Model Penal Code (U.S.).Subclause (1) states the simple proposition that a person should not be punished for something done or omitted to be done by that person involuntarily. This was described by Mr. JusticeWoodhouse in Kilbride v Lake [1962] NZLR 590 as 'a cardinal principle' of criminal code.
Subclause (2) then deals with 2 distinctsclasses of cases where the law presently accepts that a person should be taken to act involuntarily for the purposes of this rule. It is important to note that they are illustrative of the general rule: they are not an exhaustive definition of it.
Subclause (2)(a) deals with cases involving automatism. It has been drafted with cases such as R v Cottle [1958] NZLR 999 and R v Arnold [1985] NZLR 193 in mind. Some may argue that subparagraph(ii) is not wide enough to reflect Arnold accurately. That case tends to suggest that partial unconsciousnessmay be sufficient to establish a 'defence' of automatism. However,such an argument would miss the point already made about the relationship between subclauses (1) and (2). The real test is one of involuntariness. If the accused wasnot wholly unconscious but nevertheless acted involuntarily, he or she would be protected from criminal responsibility by subclause(1).
Subclause (2)(b) is designed to meet cases such as Burns v Bidder [1967] 2 QB 277. In that case, a motorist was charged with failing to give way to a pedestrian on a crossing. In fact, he was incapable of doing so because his brakes failed.
Subclause (3) is to ensure that the 'blinddrunk' do not have recourse to this clause." (pp. iv-v)
O'CONNOR, D. (Desmond) and P.A. (Paul A.) Fairall, Criminal Defences,
3rd ed., Sydney: Butterworths, 1996, xxxii, 328 p., see Chapter 14,
"Automatism"
at pp. 280-296, ISBN: 0409308463; copy at the library of the Supreme
Court
of Canada, Ottawa, KF9240 O26 1996;
O'CONNOR, D., "The Voluntary Act", (1975) 15 Medicine, Science
and
the Law 31-36; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of
Canada,
Ottawa;
OHAYON, Maurice, Malijaï Caulet and Robert G. Priest, "Violent
Behavior During Sleep", (August 1997) 58(8) Journal of Clinical
Psychiatry
369-376;
note: Maurice M. Ohayon is from the Centre de Recherche Philippe Pinel
deMontréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; copy at
CISTI,
Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN
Ser, RC346 D61 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information
scientifique
et technique, Ottawa;
O'REGAN, Robin S, "Automatism and Insanity under the Australian
State
Criminal Codes", (1978) 52 The Australian Law Journal
208-214;
___________Essays on the Australian Criminal Codes, Sydney:
TheLaw
Book, 1979, xix, 152 p., see Essay IV, "Automatism and Insanity" at pp.
51-67, ISBN: 0455199558;
OSWALD, Ian and John Evans, "On Serious Violence during
Sleep-Walking",
(1985) 147 British Journal of Psychiatry 689-691; copy at
Ottawa
University, Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82 Periodicals
/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
PADFIELD, Nicola M., Case and Comment, "Exploring a Quagmire:
Insanity
and Automatism", (1989) Cambridge Law Journal 354-357; copy at
Ottawa
University, KD 322 .C329 Location: FTX Periodicals;
PATIENT, Ingrid, "Some Remarks about the Element of Voluntariness in
Offences of Strict Liability", [1968] Criminal Law Review
23-32;
PATRICK, Hamish, "Diabetic, Drunk and Disordered: The 'Dole
Dilemmas'?",
(1986) 31 Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 72-77;
PAUL, G.M. and K.W. Lange, "Epilepsy and Criminal Law", (1992) 32 Medicine, Science and the Law 160-166; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
"ABSTRACT
Automatic episodes of aggressive or violent behaviour may occur during or after epileptic fit. Epileptic automatism are regarded by the law as 'insane automatisms'. A person who commits a crime during the courseof a seizure is therefore legally insane and must be committed to a psychiatrichospital. The law of insanity is inappropriate when applied to epilepticautomatisms. A change in the law is therefore necessary to remove epileptic offenders from the legal ambit of insanity, and to save them from the threat of detention in a mental hospital as aconsequence of their crime." (p. 160)
PIKE, John C., "The Forgotten Rules in R v. Terei Moana", (1972)
2
Otago Law Review 408-416;
PINCUS, Jonathan H., "Can violence be a manifestation of epilepsy?",
(1980) 30 Neurology 304-307; extensive bibliography on the
subject
at pp.306-307;
___________"[Can violence be a manifestation of epilepsy?] Reply by
the author", (1980) 30 Neurology 1340-1341; reply to BERESFORD,supra
;
PODOLSKY, Edward, "The Chemical Brew of Criminal Behaviour",
(1954-55)
45 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 675-678;
___________"Somnambulistic Homicide" (1960-61) 1 Medicine,
Science
and the Law 260-265; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of
Canada,Ottawa;
PONTIUS, Anneliese A., "From volitional action to automatized
homicide:changing
levels of self and consciousness during partial limbic seizures",(2003)
8 Aggression and Violent Behavior 547-561; excellent medical
bibliography
to continue research; copy at Sécurité publique et
Protectioncivile
Canada, Bibliothèque et Centre d'information / PublicSafety and
Emergency Preparedness Canada, Library and Information Centre;
PREVEZER, S., "Automatism and Criminal Responsibility", [1958]
Criminal
Law Review 361-367 and 440-452;
PRINS, H., "Epilepsy and criminal law: a supplementary comment", (1992)32 Medicine, Science and the Law 255-256;
"ABSTRACT
In the context of a previous paper by Paul and Lange in this journal brief reference is made to recent significant changes in the law concerning insanity and unfitness to plead (being under disability in relation to the trial)" (p. 255)
PRINZ, Wolfgang, 1942-, Sabine Maasen, 1960-, Wolfgang Prinz,
1942-, and Gerhard Roth, 1942-, eds., Voluntary action :
brains,
minds, and sociality, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press,
2003,
viii, 379 p., ISBN: 019857228X and 0198527543; title noted in my
research but book not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries
covered
by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of
17 December 2005);
Contents
-- Introduction--between motivation and control: psychological accounts of voluntary action / Wolfgang Prinz;
-- How do we know about our own actions? / Wolfgang Prinz;
-- Acquisition and control of voluntary action / Bernhard Hommel;
-- Voluntary action and cognitive control from a cognitive neuroscience perspective / Thomas Goschke;
-- Voluntary action from the perspective of social-personality psychology / Ute C. Bayer, Melissa J. Ferguson, and Peter M. Gollwitzer;
-- Introduction--between cortex and the basal ganglia: neuroscientific accounts of voluntary action / Gerhard Roth;
-- The interaction of cortex and basal ganglia in the control of voluntary actions / Gerhard Roth;
-- How do we control action? /Rüdiger J. Seitz;
-- Self-generated actions / Marc Jeannerod;
-- Introduction--between epiphenomenalism and rationality: philosophical accounts of voluntary action / Tillman Vierkant;
-- Mental causation: the supervenience argument and the proportionality constraint / Jürgen Schröder;
-- The explanatory role of consciousness in action / Naomi Eilan;
-- How voluntary are minimal actions? / Joëlle Proust;
-- Rational and irrational intentions: an argument for externalism / Wilhelm Vossenkuhl;
-- Introduction--between the normative and the symbolic: juridical and anthropological accounts of voluntary action / Sabine Massen;
-- First-person understanding of action in criminal law / Björn Burkhardt;
-- Voluntary action and criminal responsibility / Klaus Günther;
-- Culture and human development in a theory of action beliefs / Charles W. Nuckolls;
-- Introduction--questioning the multidisciplinary field / Sabine Maasen;
-- A polytheistic conception of the sciences and the virtues of deep variety / Richard Schweder;
-- A view from elsewhere: the emergence of consciousness inmultidisciplinary discourse / Sabine Maasen.
PUXON, Margaret, "The Defence of Automatism", (1962) 106 Solicitors
Journal 163-165; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of
Canada,Ottawa;
R. v. Tolson, (1889) 23 Q.B.D. 168, 187;
"To take an extreme illustration, can anyone doubt that a man who, though he might be perfectly sane, committed what would otherwisebe a crime in a state of somnambulism, would be entitled to be acquitted? And why is this? Simply because he would not know what he was doing." (Judge JamesFitzjames Stephen)
RADESKI, C., "Medico-Legal Aspects of Automatism", (1975) 9 Australian
and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 187-191; copy at Ottawa
University,
Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .A86 Periodicals
/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
RAMIREZ, Juan Bustos and Manuel Valenzuela Bejas, Le système pénal des pays d'Amérique latine (avec référence au Code pénal type latino-américain), traduit de l'espagnol par Jacqueline Bernat De Celis, Paris: Éditions A. Pedone,1983, 159 p., voir la p. 88 (Collection; "Les grands systèmes de droit pénal contemporains" publiée sous la direction de MarcAncel; vol. 8), ISBN: 2233001184; important contribution;
"2. Le sommeil et la suggestion hypnotique (C. pén. du Salvador, art. 36, a) et b); Projet de 1969 pour leVenezuela, art. 39, parag. 1).Il est certain que le sommeil fait disparaître la possibilité d'un comportement volontaire (égalemengt dans certains cas de suggestion hypnotique, bien que ce soit plus discutable). Mais depuis qu'on affirme que la 'volontariété' est une condition essentielle pour qu'il existe un acte humain, il est complètement inutile de faire l'énumération complète des causes qui peuvent le faire disparaître.
3. Les mouvements réflexes (C. pén. du Salvador, art. 36, parag. 2). Les considéerations faites antérieurement sont valables pour cette cause particulière." (p. 88)
RENTELN, Alison Dundes, The Cultural Defense, New York :Oxford
University Press, 2004, viii, 404 p., see in particular Chapter 3,
"Homicide",
at pp. 23-47 with notes at pp. 221-222; see "Automatism"at pp.
26-27,
ISBN: 0195154029; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General:K 5455 .R46
2004;
copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K5455 .R46 2004;
REVILLE, N.J., "Automatism and diabetes", (1989) 86 The Law
Society's
Gazette 17-19; located at the library of the Supreme Court of
Canadawith
Gazette:
Weekly Journal of the Law Society; periodical of theLaw Society of
England and Wales;
RIDGWAY, Peter, "Sleepwalking -- Insanity or Automatism", (May
1996)3(1)
E
Law - Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law availableat http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/indices/title/ridgway_abstract.html
(accessed August 2002);
RITCHIE, Alexander, A critical examination of the concept of
automatism
in the criminal law, Aberdeen University: Thesis, LL.M., 1995;
title
noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
ROBERTS, Kathryn and Graham F. Wagstaff, "The Effects of Beliefs
and
Information about Hypnosis on the Legal Defence of Automatism Through
Hypnosis",
(1996) 2 Psychology, Crime & Law 259-268;
ROBINSON, Paul H., 1948-, Criminal Law Defences, 2 vol.,
St.Paul
(Minnesota): West, 1984, see in vol. 2, "§ 171.
InvoluntaryAct
Defense" at pp. 259-274 and "§ 172. Impaired Consciousness" atpp.
275-279, ISBN:0314815139 (set);
SADASIVAN NAIR, G., "Defence of Intoxication vis-à-vis
Insanity
and Automatism", (1999) 23 Cochin University Law Review 225;
this
periodical is from India; title noted in my research but not
consulted
yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa region libraries;
SAKS, Elyn R., "Multiple Personality Disorder and Criminal
Responsibility",
(1991-92) 25 University of California, Davis Law Review
383-461,
see "The Role of Knowledge and Control" at pp. 431-436; copy at the
Library
of the Supreme Court of Canada;
SAUNDERS, Kevin W., "Voluntary Acts and the Criminal Law: Justifying
Culpability Based on the Existence of Volition", (1987-88) 49 University
of Pittsburgh Law Review 443-476;
SCHOPP, Robert F., Automatism, insanity, and the psychology of criminal responsibility. A philosophical inquiry, Cambridge, CambridgeUniversity Press, 1991, xi, 277 p., ISBN: 052140150X;
"In summary, interpretations of the automatism defense in theUnited States have varied widely across courts, and some individual court opinions have been internally inconsistent. The courts have failed to establish any settled doctrine regarding automatism, and the decisions relevant to this defense constantly reflect the underlying uncertainty regarding the structure of offense elements and defenses." (p. 74)
___________"Multiple Personality Disorder, Accountable Agency, and
Criminal Acts". (2000-2001) 10 Southern California Interdisciplinary
Law Journal 297-334; Symposium on Multiple Personality
Disorder and Criminal Responsibility;
SCOBLE, C. Norman, "Amnesia, Automatism and Insanity", (1962) 79
South
African Law Journal 338-346;
SLOVENKO, Ralph, "The multiple personality and the criminal law",(1993) 12 Medicine & Law 329-340; copy at Ottawa University, RA 1001 .M423, Location: FTX Periodicals;
"Abstract Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is a growing phenomenon in the United States. The number of cases have mounted following the celebrated cases of 'Three Faces of Eve' and 'Sybil' that have been popularized over the past several decades. How can -- or should -- the criminal law deal with multiple personality? Should the defendant suffering MPD be deemed competent to stand trial, or be able successfully to assert the insanity defence, or diminished capacityor automatism? Does MPD qualify as a mental disease or defect under the test of criminal responsibility, which would call for committment upon a finding of not guilty by reason of insanity? What is the effect of MPD on cognition or control? These issues are discussed." (p.329)
___________Psychiatry and Criminal Culpability, New York:Wiley,
c1995,xii, 436 p., see "Automatism" at pp. 36-39, ISBN:
0471054259;
SMITH, Grace A., "Automatism - A Defence to Negligence?", (27
November 1980) 130 New Law Journal 1111-1113; copy at
OttawaUniversity,
KD 322 .N49, Location: FTX Periodicals;
SMITH, Hubert Winston, "Medico-Legal Facets of Epilepsy", (1952-53)
31Texas Law Review 765-793; copy at Ottawa University, KFT
1269.T482
Location: FTX Periodicals;
SMITH, K.J.M. (Keith John Michael), and William Wilson,
"Impaired
Voluntariness and Criminal Responsibility: Reworking Hart's Theory of
Excuses-
The English Judicial Response", (1993) 13 Oxford Journal of
Legal
Studies 69-98, see automatism at p. 83 and following pages;
copy
at Ottawa University, law library, FTX Periodicals, KD 418 .O93;
SMITH, K.J.M. (Keith John Michael), Notes, "Epileptic Action and
Criminal
Responsibility", (1983) 99 Law Quarterly Review 506-510;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Caryl-Thomas (for case reporting),
Case and Comment, "INSANITY: Epilepsy -- criminal liability --
evidence
of defendant's total lack of understanding and memory -- whether
defence
of automatism by reason of insanity: R. v. Sullivan" [1983] Criminal
Law Review257-258; commentary at pp. 257-258;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Veronica Cowan (for case
reporting),
Case and Comment, "AUTOMATISM: Hyperglycaemia: defence of
non-insane
automatism or 'insanity': R. v. Hennessy" [1989] Criminal Law
Review
356-358;
commentary at pp. 357-358;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Lynne Knapman (for case reporting),
Case and Comment, "ROAD TRAFFIC: Driving without due care and
attention:diabetic
in hypoglycaemic state -- availability of defence of automatism: Broome
v. Perkins" [1987] Criminal Law Review 271-272;
commentary
at p. 272;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Gnana Mott (for case reporting),
Case
and Comment, "AUTOMATISM: Diabetic -- automatism
resulting
from failure to take food following insulin -- whether a defence
to charges under s. 18 and 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act
1861:
R.v. Bailey (John)" [1983] Criminal Law Review 533-534;
commentary
at pp. 533-534;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Tom Rees (for case reporting),
Casea
nd Comment, "INSANITY:Sleepwalking - Whether Insanity or Non-Insane
Automatism: Burgess" (1991) Criminal Law Review 548-549;
commentary
at p. 549;
SMITH, J.C. (for commentary) and Brian Riley (for case reporting),
Case
and Comment, "AUTOMATISM: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and
Dissociative
State -- Defence of non-insane automatism or 'insanity?': R. v.
T."(1990)
Criminal
Law Review 256-258; commentary at pp. 257-258;
SMITH, Ronald Patrick, "Criminal Responsibility of Epileptic
DriverWho
Causes Death When Stricken with Sudden Epileptic 'Blackout'",
(1956-57)32
Notre
Dame Lawyer 688-707; copy at Ottawa University, KF 1269.N657,
Location:
FTX Periodicals;
SPARR, L.F., "Mental defenses and posttraumatic stress disorder: assessment of criminal intent", (July 1996) 9(3) Journal of TraumaticStress 405-425, see "Unconsciousness / Automatisms" at pp. 410-412;copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information,Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RC552.P67J86 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique,Ottawa;
"[Abstract] Since its formal introduction into psychiatric nomenclature more than a decade ago, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become firmly entrenched in the legal landscape.In part, this is because PTSD seems easy to understand. It is one of only a few mental disorders for which the psychiatric Diagnostic and StatisticalManual (DSM) describes a known cause. Since the diagnosis is usually based on patients' self-report,however, it creates the possibility of distortion aimed at avoidance of criminal punishment, and, as a result, has achieved mixed success as a criminal defense. When providing expert testimony, mental health witnesses must take care to distinguish between mere PTSD and a causal connection between PTSD and the criminal act in question.PTSD has not only been used to abrogate or diminish responsibility, but also to arrange pre-trial plea bargaining agreements or play a role in sentencing determinations. The author explores various uses and potential abuses of PTSD in criminal jurisprudence and offers suggestions regarding retrospective PTSD assessment." (p. 405)
STEPHEN, James Fitzjames, A History of the Criminal Law of England
,volume 2, London: MacMillan, 1883, [viii], 497 p. at p. 100:
"For legal purposes it is enough to say that no involuntary action, whatever effects it may produce, amounts to a crime by the law of England. I do not know indeed that it has ever been suggested that a person who in his sleep set fire to a house or caused the death of another would be guilty of arson or murder."
ST JOHN, Victoria, "Premenstrual Syndrome in the Criminal Law",
(1997) 8 Auckland University Law Review 331-351, see
automatismat
pp. 345-346;
STOKES, Paul, "Sleepwalker acquitted of three counts of rape.
Successful defence a first in Britain", The Ottawa Citizen, 20
December
2005, p. A10; jury trial of James Bilton, Leeds, England, Judge Shaun
Spencer;
SULLIVAN, G.R., "Self-Induced and Recurring Automatism", (1973) 123
New Law Journal 1093-1095;
SUTTON, R.J., "Automatism and the Drunken Sailor: Four Practical
Problems"",
(1965-68) 1 Otago Law Review 156-170; copy at the library of
the
Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
TASMANIA, Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania, Insanity,
Intoxicationand
Automatism, Tasmania: M.C. Reed, Government Printer Tasmania,
1989,20
p. (series; Report, Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania; number 61)
(series;
Parliament of Tasmania; 1989, number 31)); abstracted (1990) 16 Commonwealth
Law Bulletin 1299 (part of one page only);
TEMKIN, Jennifer, Notes of Cases, "Automatism and Proper
Precautions",
(1974) 37
The Modern Law Review 199-202; deals with the case of R.v.
Quick
and Paddison, [1978] 3 All E.R. 347 (CA);
THOMAS, T N. (Thomas N.), "Sleepwalking Disorder and mens rea :A Review and Case Report", (January 1997) 42(1) Journal of Forensic Sciences 17-24; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa, MAIN Ser, RA1001 J86 / ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique, Ottawa;
"Abstract: This paper examines complications of sleepwalkingdisorder (DSM-IV 307.46), an arousal disorder or parasomnia, in relationshipto mens rea, or culpable mental state necessary to a finding of criminal responsibility. The legal history of criminal intent and insanity is reviewed. A case of indecent exposure is discussed in a man with a history of closed head injuries and sleepwalking disorder who was found standing naked in the middle of a busy urban thoroughfare in the wee hours of the morning and arrested. On psychiatric evaluation, the defendant was found to have a long-standing sleep walking disorder. At trial, scientific literature and psychiatric expert testimony concerning sleepwalking disorder was presented. The psychiatrist opined that the defendant was probably sleep walking at the time of the alleged offense. No rebuttal testimony was offered by the prosecution. The jury found the man not guilty. Theauthor surveys the legal history of sleepwalking disorder and compares this example with others in which uncontrolled behavior during sleep has resulted in harm to the patient or to others. Clinical and forensic implicationsof the disorder are reviewed. The parasomnias' impact on forensic practice should be systematically studied. Intervention strategies shouldbe refined and implemented."
(Abstract available at: http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/2564.htm?L+mystore+tknu8781+1028043384 accessed on 30 July 2002)
TIFFANY, Lawrence P. and Mary Tiffany, The legal defense of
pathological
intoxication : with related issues of temporary and self-inflicted
insanity
,New York : Quorum Books, 1990, xviii, 542 p., ISBN : 0899305482;
importantcontribution to the subject;
TOLMIE, Julia, "Alcoholism and Criminal Liability"; (2001) 64(5)
The Modern Law Review 688-709; see "Involuntariness"; at pp.
704-707;
TOURETTE, Georges Gilles de la, L'hypnotisme
et les et́ats analogues au point de vue med́ico-leǵal, les
et́ats hypnotiques et les et́ats analogues les suggestions criminelles
cabinets de somnambules et societ́eś de magnet́isme et de spiritisme
l'hypnotisme devant la loi, Paris: E.Plon, Nourrit et cie,
1887, 534 p.; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=mIpaAAAAQAAJ&printsec=toc&dq=intitle:criminelles&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=1776&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=1957&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP7,M1
(vérifié le 12 mars 2009);
TREIMAN, David M., "Epilepsy and Violence: medical and legal
issues",(1986)
27 (suppl. 2) Epilepsia S77-S104; extensive bibliography on the
topic at pp. S102-S103;
Van RENSBURG, P.H.J.J., C.A. Gagiano and T. Verschoor, "Possible
Reasons
Why Certain Epileptics Commit Unlawful Acts during or Directly after
Seizures",
(1994) 13 (3/4) Medicine & Law 373-379; copy at
Ottawa
University, RA 1001 .M423, Location: FTX Periodicals;
WALKER, A. Earl, "Murder or Epilepsy?", (1961) 133 The Journal
of
Nervous and Mental Disease 430-437; copy at Ottawa University,
Health
Sciences Library, RC 321 .J83, Periodicals -- Storage
/Universitéd'Ottawa,
Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé;
WALKER, Nigel, "Childhood and madness: history and theory" in Allison Morris and Henri Giller, eds., Providing criminal justice for children, London : Edward Arnold, 1983, 164 p., ISBN: 0713163976; copy at OttawaUniversity, MRT General, HV 9146 .P76 1983;
"Automatism
Recent decades have seen the revival of an old defence. Continental canon law lawyers of the sixteenth century had acknowledged that if a sleeping man had a seminal emission or a sleeping mother overlaid her baby they were guiltless; and there are a few cases in which apparentlty purposeful killings by sleepwalkers have been excused, on the grounds that their actions werenot willed like their walking actions. In effect they were regarded as automata. With the assistance of psychiatrists English courts havein recent years accepted the defence of automatism not only in cases of sleep but also when the cause was a diabetic coma (causing a driving accident) or a brain tumour. The result is a complete acquittal, unless the medical evidence indicates that the condition is pronetp recurand likely to lead to violence, in which case it is labelled 'insane automatism',and resultsin committal to hospital. Automatism, however, is a very rare defence,and one which is even more rarely successful." (pp. 29-30)
___________Crime and insanity in England, Edinburgh, vol.1,
The
Historical Perspective, Edinburgh: Edinburg University Press,1968,
[v], 302 p, see Chapter 10, "Automatism and Drunkenness" at pp.
165-182,
ISBN : 0852240711;copy at the Supreme Court Library, Ottawa;
WASIK, Martin, "Codification: Mental Disorder and Intoxication Under
the Draft Criminal Code", (1986) 50 Journal of Criminal Law
393-404,see
automatism at pp. 399-400;
WEINBERG, Carl D., "Epilepsy and the Alternative for a Criminal
Defence"
(1976-77) 27 Case Western Reserve Law Review 771-803; copy at
Ottawa
University, KFO 69 .W47 Location: FTX Periodicals;
WELLER, Dr Malcom P.I., Medico-Legal, "Perchance to Dream", (16
January1987)
137 New Law Journal 52 (1 p. only);
WELLS, Celia, "Whither Insanity?", [1983] Criminal Law Review 787-797;
WELLS, Helene and Paul Wilson, Case Commentary, "R. v. Leonboyer: The Role of Expert
Witnesses in Psychological Blow Automatism Cases", (2004) 11 Pychiatry, Psychology and Law 167-173;
WEST, Louis Jolyon, "Dissociative Reactions" in Alfred M. Freedman
and
Harold I. Kaplan, eds., and Helen S. Kaplan, assistant to the editors,
Comprehensive
Textbook of Psychiatry, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1969,
1666p.,
at p. 899 (first or last page?); copy at Ottawa University; MRT
General,RC
454 .F73 1969;
WIKIPEDIA -- The Free Encyclopedia, "Automatism (acse-law)", available
at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatism_%28case_law%29
(accessed on 19 July 2006);
WILLIAMS, Bernard, “Voluntary Acts and Responsible
Agents”,
(1990) 10Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 1-10; does not deal
directly
with automatismbut may be useful for research;
okWILLIAMS, C.R., "Development and Change in Insanity and Related Defences", (2000) 24 Melbourne University Law Review 711-736;
"[Abstract] Developments in insanity and therelated defences of automatism and substantially impaired responsibility over the course of the century are reviewed. The origin and development of automatism as a response to the restrictions of the insanity defence is explained, and the continuing relevance of the defences of automatism and substantially impaired responsibility in jurisdictions in which judges have discretion to sentence for murder is questioned. Legislative changes to the law of insanity are explained and the relationship between mental state defences and civil commitment is considered. It is suggested that more flexible approaches to the disposition of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity or mental impairment are to be welcomed and that in the future the distinction between persons who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity and persons who have been civilly committed should be regarded as of less significance. " (p. 711)
WILLIAMS, Glanville, "Automatism" in Gerhard O.W. Mueller, ed.,
Essaysin Criminal Science, South Hackensack, N.J.: Fred B.
Rothman
and London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1961, xvi, 460 p. at pp. 345-354;
___________Case and Comment, "Murder --Drunkenness -- Insane and
Non-Insane
Automatism", (1962) Cambridge Law Journal 3-6; discusses Bratty
v.Att.-Gen.for
Northern Ireland, [1961] 3 W.L.R. 965 (H.L.);
WILSON, William, "The Filtering Role of Crisis in the Constitution
of
Criminal Excuses", (July 2004) 17(2) The Canadian Journal of Law
&
Jurisprudence 387-416, and see "Automatism and Involuntary
Behaviour",at
pp. 397-400;
WILSON, William, Irshaad Ebrahim, Peter Fenwick, and Richard
Marks,
"Violence, Sleepwalking and the Criminal Law: (2) The Legal Aspects",
[August
2005]
The Criminal Law Review 614-623;
WRIGHT N., D. Elfer and I. Wright, "Automatism re-visited: post-traumatic automatism as a defence to a serious criminal charge", (1995) 35 Medicine, Science and the Law 327-332; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada library, Ottawa;
"ABSTRACT
A Case is described of a policeman who assaulted the man he was arresting after receiving a concussive blow to the head. The defence argued he was suffering from post-traumatic automatism and after juries were unable to agree a verdict in the two trials he was acquitted. Aspects of post-traumatic automatism in English law are described and theories ofthe neurology of concussion and aggressive behaviour are discussed. Guidelines are proposed for the evaluation of post-traumatic automatism."(p. 327)
YANNOULIDIS, Steven T., "Excusing Fleeting Mental States: Provocation,
Involuntariness and Normative Practice", (2005) 12 Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
23-35;
___________"Mental Illness, Rationality, and Criminal
Responsibility", (June 2003) 25(2) The Sydney Law Review
188-221,
on automatism, see pp. 195-196; copy at the Library of the Supreme
Courtof
Canada, Periodicals;
YELLOWLEES, D., "Homicide by a somnabulist", (1878-79) 24 Journal
of Mental Science 451-458; discusses the case of Fraser,
tried,
High Court of the Justiciary, Edinburgh, July 1878; copy at Ottawa
University,
Health Sciences Library, RC 321 .J82 Location, Periodicals -
Storage/Université
d'Ottawa, Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé; Note
about
title history of this periodical : Asylum journal of mentalscience,
v. 1, no. 1 (1855)-v. 4, no. 26 (July 1858); Journal of
mental
science, ISSN 0368-315X, v. 5, no. 27 (Oct. 1858)-v. 108
(Nov.1962);
British
journal of psychiatry, ISSN 0007-1250, v. 109 (Mar.1963)-
YEO, Stanley M.H. (Stanley Meng Heong), "Clarifying
Automatism",
(September - October 2002) 25(5) International Journal of Law and
Psychiatry
445-458;
___________"Intoxication and Mental Disorder Defences", (2004) 16 Singapore
Academy of Law Journal 488-500, and see "Intoxication and
Automatism"
at pp. 495-497;
___________"Power of Self-Control in Provocation and Automatism",
(1992)14
Sydney
Law Review 3-22; contents: A Preliminary Theoretical Discourse...4;
Power of Self-Control in Provocation...5; Criticisms of the
distinction...6;
Age affecting power of self-control...9; Ethnicity affecting the power
ofself-control...11; Power of Self-Control in Psychological Blow
Automatism...14;
Determining whether psychological blow automatism is insanity...16;
Bases
for a Common Objective Test for Provocation and Automatism...20;
Conclusion...22;
___________"Putting Voluntariness Back into Automatism", (2001) 32(2), Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 387-406; copy at Ottawa University, KTC 0 .V52, Location: FTX Periodicals;
"[Abstract]
This article challenges the common law principles governing the concept of involuntariness and its subset, automatism. It argues that the courts have misconceived the concept as having to do with unconsciousness and its derivatives, deliberation and intention. In their place, involuntariness should be defined in terms of lack of control in the senseof a total inability to contain one's actions. Such a definition will do much to clarify the confusing state of the current law, especially in relation to cases of insane automatism." (p. 387)
___________"Recent Australian Pronouncements on the Ordinary PersonTest
in Provocation and Automatism", (1992) 33 The Criminal Law
Quarterly
280;
"This article presents the Australian High Cour's subscription [R.v. Stingel (1990) 65 A.L.J.R. 141; R. v. Falconer (1990)65 A.L.J.R. 20] to the distinction between personal characteristics affecting the power of self-control of the ordinary person and those characteristics affecting the gravity of the provocation or psychological blow. It argues that the distinction is a crucial one which the majority in Hill seems to have drastically downplayed, or even entirely lost sight of. The submission will be made that a proper acknowledgement of the distinction will require a trial judge to instruct the jury on the personal characteristics it may ascribe to the ordinary person under the law of provocation. Further, it will be contended that the Australian High Court's application of this distinction to psychological-blow automatism has, besides achieving consistency in the law, the benefit of ensuring that provocation continues to play a predominant role in cases of killings while under loss of self-control." (pp. 280-281)
___________Short Articles and Comments, "Rethinking the Incapacitiesof
Insanity", (2000) 36 The Irish Jurist 275-287, see on
automatism,
pp. 283-284;
___________"Situating Automatism in the Penal Codes of Malaysia and
Singapore” (2003-2004) LawAsia 103-126; Journal of the Law
Association
for Asia and the Western Pacific 103-126; no copy of this
periodical in the Ottawa are
libraries
covered by the AMICUS catalogue (verification of 13 December 2005);
available at http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/content/view/1755/27/
(accessed on 19 July 2006);
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