Bibliography on self-defence, defence of the Person and Defence of Property, Part II - Articles in comparative criminal law // Bibliographie sur la légitime défense, Partie II

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Selected Bibliography on
Self-defence, Defence of the Person
and Defence of Property in Criminal Law
/
Bibliographie choisie sur la
légitime défense et la défense des biens
en droit pénal

ABRAHAM, Garth, "Bombing for Humanity: The American Response to the 11 September Attacks and the Plea of Self-Defence", (2002) 119(4) The South
African Law Journal 783-801; international law but of interest for researchers;

A.B.S., Virginia Section, "Homicide -- Self-Defense -- Effect of Insulting and Opprobrious Words", (1926) 12 Virginia Law Review 602-604; copy at the Library of the Sourt of Canada, Ottawa;

ACCAD, Lucien, "Définition des comportements délictueux", dans Encyclopédie juridique de l'Afrique, Tome X, Droit pénal et procédure pénale, sous la direction de Gilbert Mangin, Abidjan/Dakar/Lomé : Les nouvelles éditions africaines, 1982, 352, [66] p., chapitre 1, pp. 19-51; voir "La permission expresse de la loi : la légitime défense" aux pp. 36-38 et "Les excuses atténuantes inspirées de la légitime défense" à la p. 51, ISBN: 2723608352;

ACKER, James and Hans Toch, "Battered Women, Straw Men, and Expert Testimony: A Comment State v. Kelly", (1985) 21 Criminal Law Bulletin 125-155;

"Admissibility of Evidence of Battered Child Syndrome on Issue of Self-Defense", (1994) 22 ALR 5th 787-799 (no author mentioned); see also the Supplement Issue of August 2002, at pp. 25-26;

AGGERGAARD, Steven P., "Criminal Law--Retreat From Reason: How Minnesota's New No-Retreat Rule Confuses the Law and Cries for Alteration--State v. Glowacki", (2002) 29(2) William Mitchell Law Review 657 to approx 694; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this article in the Ottawa area librairies;

AKDEMIR, Salih, "La Légitime Défense En Droit Pénal Musulman et en Droit Pénal Romain", A.Ü. Ilahiyat Fakültesi Islami Ilimler Enstitüsü Yayinlar? sayi:5 s.279-296, Ankara 1982; titre noté dans ma recherche mais aricle non consulté; source et courriel du professeur Akdemir disponible à http://www.ankara.edu.tr/faculties/divinity/personel/sakdemir.htm (visionné le 30 janvier 2003); note de recherche: le professeur Akdémir est l'auteur de: L'homicide volontaire et l'homicide preterentionnel en droit pénal musulman et en pénal droit romain: étude comparée, thèse de doctorat, 3e cycle ancien régime, droit pénal, Paris 2, 1977;

ALEXANDER, Lawrence A. (first name sometimes Larry), Book Review, "Arthur Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 368 pp.", (November 2001) 20(6) Law & Philosophy, 19-42, see "Reasonable Appearances and Self-Defense", at pp. 628-630;

___________"Justification and Innocent Aggressors", (1987) 33 Wayne Law Review 1177-1189;

___________"The Philosophy of Criminal Law" in Jules L. Coleman and Scott Shapiro, eds., and associate editor, Kenneth Einar Himma, The Oxford handbook of jurisprudence and philosophy of law, New York: Oxford University Press, c2002, x, 1050 p., at pp. 815-867; on self-defence and defence of property, see pp. 845-847, ISBN: 0198298242;

___________"Self-Defense", in The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law, Andrei Marmor, ed., Routledge Philosophy Companions, Forthcoming; San Diego Legal Studies Paper No. 11-065. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1924513 (accessed on 8 November 2011);

___________ "Self-Defense and the Killing of Noncombatants", (1975-76) 5 Philosophy and Public Affairs 408-415;

___________ "Self-Defense, Justification and Excuse", (1993) 22 Philosophy and Public Affairs 53-66;

___________ "Self-Defense, Punishment, and Proportionality", (1991) 10 Law and Philosophy 323-328;

___________ "A Unified Excuse of Premptive Self-Protection", (1999) 74 Notre Dame Law Review 1475-1505;

ALEXANDER, Marc C., "Religiously Motivated Murder: The Rabin Assassination and Abortion", (1997) 39 Arizona Law Review 1161-1208; deals with the Rodef defense and the Model Penal Code;

ALLAND, Denis, "La légitime défense et les contre-mesures dans la codification du droit international de la responsabilité", (1983) 110(4) Journal du Droit International, 728-762; copy at Ottawa University, K 521 .J697 Location: FTX Periodicals; deals with international law; useful for researchers;

ALLARD, Sharon Angela, "Rethinking Battered Woman Syndrome: A Black Feminist Perspective" (1991) 1 UCLA Women's Law Journal 193-207; copy at Ottawa University, KF 477 .A15 U34 Location: FTX Periodicals;

ALLDRIDGE, P., "Mistake in Criminal Law - Subjectivism Reasserted in the Court of Appeal", (1984) 35 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly (New Series) 263-273. Research Note: deals with R. v. Williams (Gladstone), (1984) 78 Cr App R 276;

ALLY, Dane and Franz Viljoen, "Homicide in defence of property in an age of constitutionalism", (2003) 16(3) South African Journal of Criminal Justice 121-136;

ALLSOP, James and Gary M. Gregg, "Privy Council Decisions in Australia: The Law of Excessive Force in Self-Defence: Viro v. The Queen", (1977-9) 8 Sydney Law Review 731-746;

ALPERIN, H.J., Annotation, "Homicide: Duty to Retreat Where Assailant and Assailed Share the Same Living Quarters", (1969) 26 A.L.R.3d 1296-1307; supersed by Sharp, Linda A., infra; ALR = American Law Reports; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

ALBERT, Geoffrey P. and Williams C. Smith, "How Reasonable is the Reasonable Man? Police and Excessive Force: System of Justice", (1994) Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 481-501. Research Note: not directly on self-defence but useful for global picture on the use of force;

AMBOS, Kai, "General Principles of Criminal Law in the Rome Statute", (1999) 10(1) Criminal Law Forum 1-32, and see on self-defence, pp. 26-27;

___________"Other Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility", in Antonio Cassese, Paola Gaeta and John R.W.D. Jones, eds., The Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court, volume I, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, cxl, 1048 p., Chapter 24.4, at pp. 1003-1048, see "Self-defence", at
pp. 1004-1005, 1016-1018, 1021-1023 and 1031-1035, ISBN: 0199243123 (vol. 1) and 0198298625 (set of 3 volumes); copy at Ottawa University, FTX
General: KZ 6310 .R64 2002 v. 1;

ANAND, Sanjeev .S., "Criminal Law Course -- Class Notes -- Defenses -- Lectures", Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, see lectures 2 to 5 available at http://www.law.ualberta.ca/courses/anand/criminal/index.htm (accessed on 28 March 2003);

ANGEL, Marina, "Criminal Law and Women: Giving the Abused Woman who Kills a Jury of Her Peers who Appreciates Trifles", (1996) 33 American Criminal Law Review 229-348; copy at Ottawa University, KF 9202 .A427, Location: FTX Periodicals;

__________"Why Judy Norman Acted in Reasonable Sel-Defense : An Abused Woman and a Sleeping Man", (2008) 16 Buffalo Women's Law Journal 65 to approx. 89; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1078007 (accessed on 21 October 2008);

AVAKIAN, Spurgeon, Comment, "Evidence: Prosecution for Homicide or Assault: Self-Defense: Admissibility of Character and Threats of Victim", (1936-37) 25 California Law Review 459-469;

AMATO, Deborah A., "Evidence Admisssibility of Evidence of a Homicide Victim's Character Where the Defendant Pleads Self-Defense - State v. Miranda, 40 Conn. L.J. No. 11, at 7 (Sept. 12, 1978)", (1979) 13 Suffolk University Law Review 1135-1149;

AMES, James Barr, 1846-1910, "Law and Morals", (1908-1909) 22 Harvard Law Review 97-113, and see pp. 97-98; also published in AMES, James Barr, Lectures on Legal History, and Miscellaneous Legal Essays with a Memoir, Cambridge : Harvard university press, 1913, viii, 553 p., in essay "Law and Morals", at pp. 435-452, and see pp. 435-436; there is a reprint of the book at Buffalo (N.Y.) : W.S. Hein Co., 1986, c1913, (series; Historical writings in law and jurisprudence, 2nd ser.; number 3), ISBN: 0899415172;

ANCEL, Marc, "Rapport général" (sur la règle : "Nul ne peut se faire justice à soi-même en droit pénal") dans Travaux de l'Association Henri Capitant des amis de la culture juridique française, tome 28, 1966, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1969, pp. 147-158;

ANDENAES, Johannes, "Comment by Prof. Johannes Andenaes Comparing Study Draft of Proposed New Federal Criminal Code to European Penal Codes (Prof. Johannes Andenaes, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, August 31, 1970)" in Working Papers of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, vol. 3, Washington, July 1971 at pp. 1451-1476, see "`Self-Defense (Sections 603-607)" at p. 1460;

Annotation, "Homicide: Duty to Retreat where Assailant is Social Guest on Premises", (1980) 100 ALR 3d 532-538 (no author mentioned); see also the Supplement Issue of June 2002, at p. 53;

ANSCOMBE, G.E.M., "War and Murder", in James Rachels, 1941-, ed., Moral Problems: a collection of philosophical essays, 2nd ed., New York: Harper & Row, 1975, ix, 437 p., at pp.285-297, ISBN: 0060453079; copy at Ottawa University, MRT General, HM 665 .R235 1975;

APPELBE, Dorothy, Justification and Excuse: How and Why Society withholds Liability and the Implications for the Battered Woman, LL.M. thesis, University College Cork, 2003, 75 p.; thesis not consulted;

___________ "The Theory of Justification and Excuse and Its Implications for the Battered Woman", (2005) Cork Online Review XII; available at http://www.ucc.ie/law/irlii/periodicals/colr/2005ii.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2006);

ARAUJO, Robert J., "Book Review: Permissible Killing: the Self-Defence Justification of Homicide by Suzanne Uniacke", (1995) 56 Theological Studies 809-810;

ARAI-TAKAHASHI, Yutaka, "Shifting Boundaries of the Right of Self-Defence -- Appraising the Impact of the September 11 Attacks on Jus Ad Bellum", (2002) 36(4) The International Lawyer 1081-1102; copy at Ottawa University, FTX periodicals, K1701.A425; international law but useful for researchers;

ARZT, Gunther, "The Problem of Mistake of Law", [1986] Brigham Young University Law Review 711- 732; available at http://lawreview.byu.edu/archives/1986/3/arz.pdf (accessed on 24 March 2008); also published in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 2, Dobbs Ferry (New York): Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, p.1025, ISBN: 0929179269;

ASHWORTH, A.J., "Excusable Mistake of Law", [1974] Criminal Law Review 652-662;

___________"Self-Defence and the Right to Life", (1975) 34 Cambridge Law Journal 282-307;

A.S.M., "Annotation. Homicide or Assault in Defence of Habitation or Property", (1923) 25 American Law Reports Annotated 508-563; Research Note: this annotation is followed by the one by W.A.S., infra;

AZARCON, Carin C., "Comment: Battered Child Defendants in California: The Admissibility of Evidence Regarding the Effects of Abuse on a Child's Honest and Reasonable Belief of Imminent Danger", (1995) 26 Pacific Law Journal 831-879;

BAHNASSI, Ahmad Fathi, "Criminal Responsibility in Islamic Law" in M. Cherif Bassiouni, ed., The Islamic Criminal Justice, London: Oceana Publications, 1982, xii, 255 p. at pp. 171-193, see "Self-Defense" at pp. 184-185, ISBN: 0379207451;

BAKER, Mark B., "Terrorism and the Inherent Right of Self-Defense (a Call to Amend Article 51 of the United Nations Charter), (1987-88) 10 Houston Journal of International Law 25-49; copy at Ottawa University, K 8 .O87 Location: FTX Periodicals;

BAKIRCIOGLU, Onder, "The Countours of the Right of Self-defence Is the Requirement of Imminence Merely a Translator for the Concept of Necessity?", (April 2008) 72(2) Journal of Criminal Law 131-169;

BALDWIN, Kristi, Note, "Battered Child Syndrome as a Sword and a Shield", (2001) 29(1) American Journal of Criminal Law 59-82, see "Battered Child Syndrome -- Beyond the Use of 'Traditional' Self-Defence Theories" at pp. 72-78; copy at Ottawa University, KF 9292 A 427, Periodicals FTX;

BARDEN, Garrett, "Defending Self-Defence", (1984) 1 Irish Philosophical Journal 25-35; title noted in my research but document not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 16 August 2005);

BARON, Marcia, "(Putative) Justification", (2005) 13 Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik / Annual Review of Law & Ethics 377 to approx. 394; see abstract at http://www.str2.jura.uni-erlangen.de/hruschka/JRE/ (accessed on 28 May 2006); title noted in my research but article not consulted yet;

BATTAGLINI, Giulio Q., "The Function of Private Defense in the Repression of Crime", (1911-12) 2 Journal Criminal Law and Criminology 370-374; Research Note: translated from the Italian by Robert W. Millar;

BEALE, Joseph H., "Homicide in Self-Defence", (1903) 3 Columbia Law Review 526-545;

___________"Retreat from a Murderous Assault", (1902-03) 16 Harvard Law Review 567-582;

BEARD, Jack M., "America's New War on Terror: The Case of Self-Defense under International Law", (2001-2002) 25 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 559-590;

BEARINGER, James I., "Justifiable Force in Property Defense and Arrest under the Michigan Revised Criminal Code", (1967-68) 14 Wayne Law Review 847-862;

BEAUMONT, John S., "Self-defence as a Justification for Disregarding Diplomatic Immunity", (1991) 29 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 391-402; copy at Ottawa University, K 3 .A523 Location: FTX Periodicals;

BECKER, Christine Noelle, "Clemency for Killers? Pardoning Battered Women who Strike Back", (1995) 29 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 297-342;

BELGIQUE, Sénat de Belgique, "Proposition de loi modifiant le Code pénal en ce qui concerne les règles relatives à la légitime défense et introduisant la cause absolutoire générale de l'excès de légitime défense", session de 2005-2006, 20 juillet 2006, Avis du Conseil d'État, 40.503/2, disponible à http://www.senaat.be/www/?MIval=/publications/viewPubDoc&TID=50350775&LANG=fr (consulté le 17 Septembre 2007);

BENDINELLI, M.F. (Marco F.) and J.T. (James T.) Edsall, "Defense of Others: Origins, Requirements, Limitations and Ramifications", (Winter1994) 5 Regent University Law Review 153-214; title noted in my research but document not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries;

BENEZECH, M., "Comportement territorial et légitime défense", (1976) 29 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 245-248;

BENNETT, Susannah Marie, "Ending the Continuous Reign of Terror: Sleeping Husbands, Battered Wives, and the Right of Self-Defense", (1989) 24 Wake Forest Law Review 959-993;

BERGELSON, Vera, "Rights, Wrongs, and Comparative Justifications" , (2007) 28 Cardozo Law Review 2481-2503; available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=980692 (accessed on 25 April 2007);

___________"Victims and Perpetrators: An Argument for Comparative Liability in Criminal Law",Rutgers Law School (Newark), Faculty Papers, 2005, paper number 19, available at http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=rutgersnewarklwps (accessed on 23 January 2006); published in (2005) 8(2) Buffalo Criminal Law Review 385-487; this article and the others relating to it will eventualy be available in a few months at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclr.htm#issues (6 July 2005); the related articles published in (2005) 8(2) Buffalo Criminal Law Review in connection with Bergelson's main article are:, (2005) 8(2) Buffalo Criminal Law Review 385-487; this article and the others relating to it will eventualy be available in a few months at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclr.htm#issues (6 July 2005); the related articles published in (2005) 8(2) Buffalo Criminal Law Review in connection with Bergelson's main article are:

BERI, Suzanne, "Justice for Women who Kill: A New Way?", (1997) 8 Australian Feminist Law Journal 113; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries (9 March 2003);

BERLINER, Dana, "Rethinking the Reasonable Belief Defense to Rape", (1991) 100 Yale Law Journal 2687-2706, see "Comparing the Degree of Reasonableness in Mistakes of Rape and Self-Defense" at pp. 2700-2702; copy at Ottawa University, KFC 3669 .Y34 Location: FTX Periodicals;

BERLINER, Lucy, "When Should Children Be Allowed to Kill Abusers?", (1993) 8 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 296-297;

BERNARDINI, R. et M.-J., Cambassedes, "De la légitime défense individuelle à l'autodéfense collective des particuliers", (1977) Revue de police nationale 105; titre noté dans ma recherche; article pas encore consulté (12 février 2003);

BERNARDINI, Roger, "Légitime défense" dans Répertoire de droit pénal et de procédure pénale, tome V, Paris : Dalloz, 6 octobre 1997, 20 p.;

___________"La légitime défense réflexe", (1983) Revue de police nationale 30; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article pas encore consulté (12 février 2003);

BERNHOLTZ, Shira, "The Best Defence: Women, Self-defence and the Law", (December1987) 6(2) Breaking the Silence 20-22;

BERNSMANN, Klaus, "Private Self-Defence and Necessity in German Penal Law and in the Penal Law Proposal - Some Remarks", (1996) 30 Israel Law Review 171-187;

BJERREGAARD, Beth and Anita Neuberger Blower, "Chartering a New Frontier for Self-Defense Claims: The Applicability of the Battered Person Syndrome as a Defense to Parricide Offenders", (1994-95) 33 University Louisville Journal of Family Law 843-873; copy at Ottawa University, KFK 94 .J653 Location: FTX Periodicals; this periodical has now the name, Brandeis Law Journal;

BLACKMAN, Julie, “Potential Uses for Expert Testimony: Ideas Toward the Representation of Battered Women Who Kill”, (1986) 9 Women’s Rights Law Reporter 227-238; copy at Ottawa University, KF 4742 .W642 Location, FTX Periodicals;

___________ “Emerging Images of Severely Battered Women and the Criminal Justice System”, (1990) 8 Behavioral Sciences and the Law 121-130; copy at Ottawa University, RC 321 .B42 Location: FTX Periodicals; note: the whole issue of 8(2) is devoted to "Spouse Abuse";

BLAKE, Meredith, "Coerced Into Crime: The Application of Battered Woman Syndrome to the Defense of Duress", (1994) 9 Wisconsin Women's Law Journal 67-94;

BLANKS, R.C., "Criminal Law - Perfecting the Imperfect Right of Self-Defense - State v. Norris, 279 SE 2d 570 (NC)", (1982) 4 Campbell Law Review 427-446.; the Campbell Law Review is the legal review of Campbell University (Buies Creek, N.C.). School of Law; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries;

BLUMOFF, Theodore Y., "The Neuropsychology of Justifications and Excuses: Some Cases from Self-Defense, Duress, and Provocation", (April 14, 2009). Jurimetrics, 2010. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1380081 (accessed on 8 November 2011);

BOBO, Jason W., "Following the Trend: Alabama Abandons the Duty to Retreat and Encourages Citizens to Stand their Ground", (2007) 38 Cumb. Law Review 339; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (4 November 2011);

BOHLANDER, Michael, "Battered Women and Failed Attempts to Kill the Abuser -- Labelling and Doctrinal Inconsistency in English Homicide Law", (2011) 75 Journal of Criminal Law;

___________"When the bough breaks : defences and sentencing options available in battered-women and similar scenarios under German criminal law", in Alan Reed and Michael Bohlander, eds., Loss of Control and Diminished Responsibility: Domestic, Comparative and International Pesrpectives, Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub., 2011, 410 p., at approx pp. 21-38, ISBN: 978-1-4094-3175-6;

BOHLEN, Francis H. and John J. Burns, "The Privilege to Protect Property by Dangerous Barriers and Mechanical Devices", (1926) 35 Yale Law Journal 525-547;

BOTHE, Michael, "Terrorism and the Legality of Pre-Emptive force", (2003) 14(2) European Journal of International Law 227-240;

BOILARD, Jean-Guy, "De la légitime défense et de la provocation lors d'une accusation de voies de fait", (1963) 23 Revue du barreau 401-413;

BOLGIANO, Major David, Captain Mark Leach, Major Stephanie Smith, and Lieutenant Colonel John Taylor, "Defining the Right of Self-Defense: Working Toward the Use of a Deadly Force Appendix to the Standing Rules of Engagement for the Department of Defense", (2002) 31 (2) University of Baltimore Law Review 157-179; copy at Ottawa University, KFM 1269 .B34 Location: FTX Periodicals;

BORG, Susan, "Self-defence -- a 21st century perspective. Women who suffer at the hands of brutal partners deserve protection too", (October 2003) 77(10) Law Institute Journal 97 (1 p. only); copy at Ottawa University, KFW 2469 .M354 Location, FTX Periodicals; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

BÖRNER-KLEIN, Dagmar, "Killing in self-defence in rabbinical law", (1997) 4(2) Jewish Studies Quarterly 169-182; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada; copy at McGill University, Humanities and Social Sciences Library (McLennan/Redpath), v.1 (1993/94)- DS101 J586 (verify if the Library has all the volumes) (verification of 5 June 2005);

BOYLE, Joseph M., "Toward Understanding the Principle of Double Effect", (1979-80) 90 Ethics 527-538;

BRADFIELD, R.J., "Is near Enough Good Enough? Why isn't Self-Defence Appropriate for the Battered Woman?", (1998) 5 Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 71-85; see reply by Hubble, infra;

BRANDON, Douglas Ivor et al., "Special Project: Self-Help: Extra Judicial Rights, Privileges and Remedies in Contemporary American Society", (1984) 37 Vanderbilt Law Review 845-1040. Research Note: see the relevant part to self-defence at pp. 872-890;

BRANDT, R.B., "Conscience (Rule) Utilitarianism and the Criminal Law", (1995) 14 Law and Philosophy 65-89; see pp. 88-89 on self-defence;

BRANSTON, C.A., "The Forcible Recaption of Chattels", (1912) 28 The Law Quarterly Review 262-275;

BRAUS, Mortimer, "Note: Crimes: Justifiable homicide; Killing in necessary defence of person", (1927-28) 13 Cornell Law Quarterly 623-627;

BREWER, Kathee Rebernak, Notes, "Missouri's new law on 'battered woman syndrome': A moral victory, a partial solution", (1988-89) 33 Saint Louis University Law Journal 227-255; copy at Ottawa University, KFM 7869 .S35 Location: FTX Priodicals;

BRISSET, Jacqueline, "Le stoïcisme et la vengeance", (1980) 58 Revue historique de droit français et étranger 57-68; voir en particulier, "Le droit naturel de se défendre" aux pp. 58-61;

BROADBRIDGE, Sally, "Criminal Law (Amendment) (Householder Protection) Bill: Bill 20 of 2004-05", London: House of Commons Library, 2005, 39 p. (series; research paper; Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Library; number 05/10); available at http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2005/rp05-010.pdf (accessed on 4 August 2005);

BROOKBANKS, Warren J., "Compulsion and self-defence" in Neil Cameron and Simon France, eds., Essays on Criminal Law in New Zealand Towards Reform?, Victoria: Victoria University of Wellington Law Review and Victoria University Press, 1990, 243 p., at pp. 95-116, (series; VUW Law Review Monograph 3), ISBN: 0864732066;

___________"Self-defence in New Zealand", [1989] New Zealand Law Journal 258-262;

__________ "Self-help and Criminal Law", [1999] New Zealand Law Review 109-117;

___________"Status in New Zealand of defences of provocation, diminished Responsibility and excessive self-defence with regard to domestic violence", being Appendix D in The Law Commission, Overseas Studies, which is part of the Appendices to the consultation paper, Partial Defences to Murder, 31 October 2003, xiii, 249 p. (series; consultation paper; number 173); this study by Brookbanks, at pp. 125-150, is available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/files/cp173apps.pdf (accessed on 27 April 2005); see also Appendix G, "Relevant Statutory Provisions and Proposed Provisions";

BROUILLARD, R. et G. Marsot, "Légitime défense" dans Catholicisme: hier, aujourd'hui, demain. Encyclopédie en sept volumes, sous la direction de Gabriel Jacquemet, Tome troisième, Paris : Letouzey et Ané. 1952, pp. 530-531. Note de recherche : Monsieur Brouillard a écrit la partie de l'article sur la théologie morale et monsieur Marsot, la partie sur le droit canonique;

BROWN, Angela K., "He shot a man dead, now his cheating wife is charged in killing. Woman's cry of rape prompted shooting", The Ottawa Citizen, Saturday, 31 March 2007, p. A13; husband's name is Darrell Robinson and the victim Devin LaSalle; on 29 March 2007, a grand jury returned an indictment of manslaughter against Mrs. Robinson; she was also charged with making a false report to a police officer; the husband was not charged; news from Arlington, Texas;.

BROWN, Bernard J., "The Demise of Chance Medley and the Recognition of Provocation as a Defence to Murder in English Law", (1963) 7 American Journal of Legal History 310-318;

___________'The Emergence of the Psychical Test of Guilt in Homicide 1200-1550", (1958-63) 1 Tasmanian Universiy Law Review 231-239; copy at the University of Ottawa, KTA 0 .U547 Location: FTX Periodicals; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

___________"Self-Defence in Homicide From Strict Liability to Complete Exculpation", [1958] Criminal Law Review 583-590;

BROWNE, Irving, "Duty of Retreat in Homicide", (1899) 48 The Central Law Journal 5-11; this periodical was published in St. Louis, Mo.; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Cnada, Ottawa;

BROWNSTEIN, Alan E., "The Constitutionalization of Self-Defense in Tort and Criminal Law, Grammatically Correct Originalism, and Other Second Amendment Musings", (2009) 60 Hastings Law Review; UC Davis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 170. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1390330 (accessed on 16 May 2009);

BRUCE, David, "Killing and the Constitution -- Arrest and the Use of Lethal Force", (2003) 19(3) South African Journal of Human Rights 430-454; copy at Ottawa University, Law Library, periodicals, KRM O.S687;

BRUGGER, Winfried, "May Government Ever Use Torture? Two Responses from German Law", (2000) 48 American Journal of Comparative Law 661-678;

BUDA, Michael A. and Teresa L. Butler, "The Battered Wife Syndrome: A Backdoor Assault on Domestic Violence", (1984-85) 23 Journal of Family Law 359-390; copy at Ottawa University, KFK 94 .J653 Location: FTX Periodicals; this periodical has now the name: Brandeis Law Journal;

BURCHELL, Jonathan, "Deadly force and fugitive justice in the balance: The old and the new face of section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act", (2000) 13 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 200-213;

___________"Provocation, Diminished Responsibility and the Use of Excessive Force in Self-Defence in South African Law", being Appendix F in The Law Commission, Overseas Studies, which is part of the Appendices to the consultation paper, Partial Defences to Murder, 31 October 2003, xiii, 249 p. (series; consultation paper; number 173); this study by Professor Burchell, at pp. 184-212, is available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/files/cp173apps.pdf (accessed on 27 April 2005); see also Appendix G, "Relevant Statutory Provisions and Proposed Provisions";

BURKE, Alafair S., "BOOK REVIEW: Equality, Objectivity, and Neutrality: Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom (by Cynthia Lee)", Hofstra University School of Law, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Research Paper number 04-08, 42 p., available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=589362 (accessed on 15 December 2005); now published in (2005) 103(6) Michigan Law Review 1043-1080;

___________"Rational Actors, Self-Defense, and Duress: Making Sense, not Syndromes, Out of the Battered Woman", (2002) 81(1) North Carolina Law Review 211-316; copy atOttawa University, KFN 7469 .N673 Location: FTX Periodicals; FTX;

BURKE, Kimberley, "Juveniles and Self-defense", (2005) 25 Journal of Juvenile Law 121-124;

BURNAND, Eléonore, Mémoire de droit pénal de l'environnement: les faits justificatifs lorsque la loi est transgressée pour protéger l'environnement, Année universitaire 2000-2001; disponible à http://www.unil.ch/penal/quoi/memoires_environnement/faitsjustificatifs.pdf , Université de Lausanne, Faculté de droit, Sciences criminelles, mémoire de droit pénal de l'environnement, 2000-2001, (visionné le 23 novembre 2002);

BURNHAM, William, "The New Russian Criminal Code: A Window unto Democratic Russia", (2000) 26(4) Review of Central and East European Law 365-424, see "'Necessary Defense' and Detention of an Offender" at pp. 398-402; copy at Carleton University;

BURNSIDE, Jonathan, "Bash the Burglar? Reflections on the Tony Martin Case", (2001) number 147 Law & Justice: The Christian Law Review 122-131;

BUTLER, W.E. (William E.), 1939-, "Necessary Defense, Judge-Made Law, and Soviet Man", in W.E. Butler, P.B. Maggs and J.B. Quigley, eds., Law After Revolution, New York: Oceana Publications, 1988, xiii, 247 p. at pp. 99-130, ISBN: 0379209586;

BYRD, B. Sharon, "Kant's Theory of Punishment: Deterrence in its Threat, Retribution in its Execution", (1989) 8 Law and Philosophy 151-200;

___________"Putative Self-Defense and Rules of Imputation. In Defense of the Battered Woman" (1994) 2 Annual Review of Law and Ethics 283-306; abstract available at http://www.str2.jura.uni-erlangen.de/hruschka/JRE/vol02/a2-byrd.htm (accessed on 24 September 2007); are also published in Leo Katz, Michael S. Moore and Stephen J. Morse, eds., Foundations of Criminal Law, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, ix, 352 p. at pp. 260-271 followed by "Notes and Questions" at pp. 271-272 (series; Interdisciplinary Readers in Law), ISBN: 0195094956 (cloth) and 0195094964 (paper);

___________"Till Death Do Us Part: A Comparative Law Approach to Justifying Lethal Self-Defense by Battered Women", (1991) Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 169-211;

___________"Wrongdoing and Attribution: Implications Beyond the Justification-Excuse Distinction", (1987) 33 Wayne Law Review 1289-1342;

BYRNE, Paul, "Self-defence as an answer to criminal charges", (1988) 62 Australian Law Journal 75-77;

BYRNE, Peter, "Double Effet - Le principe du double effet" dans Dictionnaire d'éthique et de philosophie morale, sous la direction de Monique Canto-Sperber, 2e édition corrigée, Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1997, xxii, 1719 p., aux pp. 432-435, ISBN: 2130477291. Note de recherche: courte bibliographie utile à la p. 435;

CARD, Claudia, "Thicking Bombs and Interrogations", (2008) 2 Criminal Law and Philosophy 1-15, and see "Self-defense or defense of the inncocent", at pp. 13-14;

CAGLE, A. Singleton, "Student Notes and Comments - Criminal Law - Imperfect Self-Defense", (1948-49) 37 Kentucky Law Journal 334-337;

CALLAHAN, A. Renee, "Will the 'Real' Battered Woman Please Stand Up? In Search of a Realistic Legal Definition of Battered Woman Syndrome", (1994) 3
American University Journal of Gender & the Law 117-152; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries;

CAMERON, Neil, "Defences and the Crimes Bill" in Neil Cameron and Simon France, eds., Essays on Criminal Law in New Zealand Towards Reform?, Victoria: Victoria University of Wellington Law Review and Victoria University Press, 1990, 243 p., at pp. 57-82, see discussion on necessity and clause 30 of the New Zealnd Crimes Bill 1989 at pp. 68- 74 (series; VUW Law Review Monograph 3), ISBN: 0864732066. Research Note: for more information on the New Zealand Crimes Bill 1989, see New Zealand, in Part I of my bibliography on self-defence;

CAPLOW, Stacy, "The Gaelic Goetz: A Case of Self-Defense in Ireland", 30 July 2008, Brooklyn Law School, Legal Studies Paper No. 114; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1189497 (accessed on 8 August 2008);

CARBASSE, Jean-Marie, "L'influence de la Bible sur l'ancien droit pénal français (XIIe-XVIIIe siècles)", (1992) L'année canonique 103-114. Note de recherche: voir la p.105 sur la légitime défense;

CARPENTER, Catherine L., "Of the enemy within, the castle doctrine and self-defence", (2002-2003) 86 Marquette Law Review 653-700; copy at Ottawa University, FTX, KFW2469.M354;

CARSTENS, P.A. and J. Le Roux, "The defence of non-pathological incapacity with reference to the battered wife who kills her abusive husband", (2000) 13 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 180-189, and see p. 188;

CASEY, Julette, "Legal Defences and Expert Testimony on the Battered Woman Syndrome: a Focus on Self Defence", (2003) Scots Law Times (News) 249-252; note: issue of 10 October 2003; 2003 issue 31; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, location: Room C, U.K. Law reports, JUR;

___________Legal Defences for Battered Women who Kill: Law Reform, Expert Testimony and the Battered Woman Syndrome, Ph.D. thesis, Edinburgh University, 1999; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted;

___________"Self Defence: R v Martin and Scots Law", (2000) Scots Law Times (News) 195-198; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, location: Room C, U.K. Law reports, JUR;

THE CATHOLIC Women's League of Canada (Marie Cameron, Lorette Noble and Donna Whitehead) , "The Catholic Women's League of Canada Response to the Consultation Paper Reforming Criminal Code Defences Provocation, Self-Defence and Defence of Property", September 1998, 12 p., unpublished article, received by François Lareau , under his Access to Information Act request of 7 July 1999 to the Department of Justice Canada (their file A-1999-0070) on the consultation document Canada, Department of Justice Canada, Reforming Criminal Code Defences: Provocation, Self-Defence and Defence of Property A Consultation Paper, cited in Part I: Books etc. / Partie I : livres etc.

___________Summaries and Comments, "Uniacke, Suzanne, Permissible Killing: The Self-Defence Justification of Homicide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994..."(1995) 49 The Review of Metaphysics 444-445; copy at the University of Ottawa, B1 .R34, Location MRT Periodicals; book summary;

CHALMERS, James, "Collapsing the Structure of Criminal Law: Drury v HM Advocate", (2001) Scots Law Times (News) 241-245; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

CHALMERS, James, Christopher Gane, Fiona Leverick, "Partial Defences to Homicide in the Law of Scotland", being Appendix E in The Law Commission, Overseas Studies, which is part of the Appendices to the consultation paper, Partial Defences to Murder, 31 October 2003, xiii, 249 p. (series; consultation paper; number 173); this study of Scottish jurists, at pp. 151-183, is available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/files/cp173apps.pdf (accessed on 27 April 2005); see also Appendix G, "Relevant Statutory Provisions and Proposed Provisions";

CHAMALLAS, Martha, "Hostile Domestic Environments: Commentary on Jane Maslow Cohen's Regimes of Private Tyranny", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 809-817 ("Symposium: Self-Defense and Relations of Domination: Moral and Legal Perspectives on Battered Women Who Kill");

CHAN, Wendy, 1966-, "A Feminist Critique of Self-Defense and Provocation in Battered Women's Cases in England and Wales", (1994) 6 Women and Criminal Justice 39-65;

___________"Legal Equality and Domestic Homicides", (1997) 25(3) International Journal of the Sociology of Law 203-229;

CHAN, Winnie and A.P. Simester, "Analysis. Duress, Necessity: How Many Defences?", (2005) 16(1) The King's College Law Journal 121-132; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KD460 .K5532;

CHEANG, M., "Private Defence in Singapore and Malaysia", (1988) 15 Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law / Jernal Undang-Undang 87-109;

CHEVIGNY, Paul G., "The Right to Resist an Unlawful Arrest", (1968-69) 78 Yale Law Journal 1128-1150;

CHIFOR, George, "Reviews -- David Rodin, War and Self-Defence, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003, 213 pp., hb...", (2003) 66 The Modern Law Review 483-488;

CHIU, Elaine, "Culture in Our Midst", (2006) 17 University of Florida Journal of Law & Public Policy 231-62; available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=923624 (accesed on 26 December 2006);

CHRISTOPHER, Russell L., "Justification: Self-Defence", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief, Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002, 4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 2, at pp. 897-905, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653211 (vol. 2);

___________"Self-Defence" in Christopher Berry Gray, ed., The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia, New York Garland Publishing, 1999, 2 volumes ( xxxviii, 950 p.), in vol. 2, at pp. 784-786 (series; Garland reference library of the humanities; vol. 1743), ISBN: 0815313446;

___________"Self-Defence and Defense of Others", (1998) 27 Philosophy & Public Affairs 123-141;

___________ "Self-Defense and Objectivity: A Reply to Judith Thomson", (1998) 1 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 537-574;

___________"Self-Defense and Security" in Ronald Gottesman, editor in chief ; Richard Maxwell Brown, consulting editor, Violence in America: An Encyclopedia, New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, c1999, 3 volumes, ISBN: 0684804875 (set), 0684804883 (v. 1), 0684804891 (v. 2) and 0684804905 (v. 3); title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy in the Canadian libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of the Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa (verification of 10 July 2004);

___________"Unknowing Justification and the Logical Necessity of the Dadson Principles in Self-Defense", (1995) 15 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 229-251;

CIPPARONE, Rocco C., "The Defense of Battered Women who Kill", (1986-87) 135 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 427-452;

CLARKE, Michael, "Self-defence Against the Innocent", (2000) 17(2) Journal of Applied Philosophy 145-155; copy at Carleton University, Ottawa, B1.J54 Location: Floor 5 Serial;

CLARKSON, C.M.V., "Necessary Action: A New Defence", [2004] Criminal Law Review 81-104;

"Code pénal européen", [2003] Revue pénitentiaire et de droit pénal 289-308;

COHEN, B. (Boaz), Jewish and Roman Law, A Comparative Study, 2 volumes, New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1966, vol. 2, see "Self-Helph in Jewish and Roman Law" at pp. 637-650; also published in Shimshon Ettinger, Self-Help in Jewish Law, Ramat-Aviv (Tel-Aviv, Israel): Open University of Israel Pub. House; Boston (Mass.) : Institute of Jewish Law, Boston University School of Law, 1993, 95 p. at Appendix B, pp. 63-76 (series: Selected topics in Jewish law; edited by Hanina Ben-Menahem and Neil S. Hecht; translated by Shmuel Wosner,; volume 6), ISBN: 9653024140;

___________"Self Help in Jewish and Roman Law", (1955) Tome II Revue internationale des droits de l'antiquité (3e série) 107-133;

COHEN, June Maslow, "Regimes of Private Tyranny: What Do They Mean to Morality and for the Criminal Law?", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 757-808;

COHN, Haim H., "Extraordinary Remedies, in Encyclopaedia Judaica, New York: The MacMillan Company, 1971, volume 6, pp.1071-1074; copy at Ottawa University, MRT Reference DS 102.8 .E496;

COHN, Haim H., "Law and Reality in Israel", in Yohanan Aharoni, 1919-1976, Salo Wittmayer Baron, 1895-, Lenn Evan Goodman, 1944-, and George Schneiweis Wise, 1906-, eds., Violence and Defence in the Jewish Experience : papers prepared for a seminar on violence and defense in Jewish history and contemporary life, Tel Aviv University, August 18-September 4, 1974, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1977, xii, 362 at pp. 323-336, ISBN 0827600925; copy at Carleton University, BS1199.V56V56; research note: there are several articles in the book that deal briefly with self-defence;

___________"Penal Law" in Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem, Encyclopaedia Judaica; [New York] Macmillan [c1971-72, v. 1, c1972], 16 vol., at vol. 13, pp. 222-228, and see "Self-Defense and Rescue", at p. 227; note: the article is signed "H.H.C."; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Reference: DS 102.8 .E496 1972;

COLDIRON, William H., "Historical Development of Manslaughter", (1949-50) 38 Kentucky Law Journal 527-550;

COLLINS, David W., "Duty to Retreat", (1975) 3 Criminal Justice Quarterly 80-88; the author states that the article is "substantially a reprint" of his Seton Hall Law Review article, infra; copy at the Solicitor General Canada, Ministry Library and Reference Centre, Ottawa;

__________"Self-Defense - Duty to Retreat - Retreat from the Porch of One's Own Home Not Required - State v. Bonano, 59 N.J. 515, 284 A. 2d 345 (1971)" (1972) 3 Seton Hall Law Review 532-542;

COLVIN, Eric, "Exculpatory Defences in Criminal Law", (1990) 10 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 381-407;

___________"Ordinary and Reasonable People: The Design of Objective Tests of Criminal Responsibility", (2001) 27(2) Monash University Law Review 197-228;

COMBEAU, Didier, "From Self-Defence to Citizenry Involvement Participation in Law-and-Order Enforcement in the United States : Private Spheres and Public Space", in Sophie Body-Gendrot, Jacques Carré, and Romain Garbaye, eds., A city of one's own : blurring the boundaries between private and public, Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, c2008, xii, 220 p., chapter 6, pp. 103-114, ISBN: 9780754675020 (alk. paper) and 0754675025 (alk. paper); available in part at http://books.google.com/books?id=jXb8Rw7iTVEC&q=self-defence (accessed on 17 July 2009);

COOK, Kate, "Killing in desperation -- Kate Cook explores recent proposals to change the laws of murder", (16 January 2004) 154 New Law Journal 64-65; issue number 7111; see "A new partial defence?" at p. 65;

CORNELIS, Ludo and Pierre Van Ommeslaghe, "Les 'faits justificatifs' dans le droit belge de la responsabilité aquilienne", in Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité (1984: Gand, Belgique), Limpens, Jean, 1910-1979, Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé, In memoriam Jean Limpens : Studiedagen aansprakelijkheidsrecht, Gent, 23-24 maart 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité, Gent, 23-24 mars 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Symposium on Civil Liability, Gent, 23-24 March 1984, Antwerpen : Kluwer rechtswetenschappen, 1987, xxvii, 311 p., aux pp. 265-287, et voir "La légitime défense", à la p. 278 et "La justice personnelle", à la p. 286 (series; Interuniversitair Centrum voor Rechtsvergelijking; 12), (Collection; Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé; 12), ISBN: 9063212879; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K923 Z9 I56 1987; droit civil mais un article utile pour les chercheurs et chercheuses;

CORNETTE, James Daniel, "Notes: Defense of Third Persons as Excuse for Homicide", (1950-51) 39 Kentucky Law Journal 460-463;

CORRADO, Michael, "Self-Defense, Moral Acceptability, and Compensation" (October 19, 2009). American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 47, p. 91, 2010. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1491144; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1491144 (accessed on 7 August 2010);

_______"Self-Defence, Punishment and the State's Right to Detain", in Rex Martin and Gerhard Sprenger, eds., International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. World Congress (17th : 1995 : Bologna, Italy), Challenges to law at the end of the 20th century : proceedings of the 17th World Congress of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR), Bologna, June 16-21, 1995, Stuttgart : Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997- (Series; Archiv fur Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie. Beiheft ; n.F., Nr. 67), 4 volumes in vol. 1 Rights, ISBN: 3515070710 (v. 1). Research Note: I have noted this title in my research, however, I have not read the article yet; with the same title in (1997) 67 Archiv fuer Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 224;

COSS, Graeme, Editorial, "Killing violent men", (2002) 26 Criminal Law Journal 133-138;

COTTROL, Robert J., "Submision is not the Answer: Lethal Violence, Microcultures of Criminal Violence and the Right to Self-Defense", (1998) 69 Colorado Law Review 1029-1080; available at http://www.saf.org/LawReviews/Cottrol1.html (accessed on 28 July 2005);

COUVRAT, Pierre, "La légitime défense, thème des XIVes journées franco-belgo-luxembourgeoises de science pénale", [1976] Revue de sciences criminelles et de droit pénal comparé 243-245;

___________ "La notion de légitime défense dans le nouveau droit français", (1984) 37 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 497-503;

CRANE, J. Douglas, "Admissibility of Character Evidence to Rebut a Possible Defence of Self-Defence", (1966-67) 49 Criminal Reports 189-193;

CREACH, Donald L., "Notes: Partially Determined Imperfect Self-Defense: The Battered Wife Kills and Tells Why", (1981-82) 34 Stanford LawReview 615-638;

CRESS, Lawrence Delbert, "An Armed Community: The Origins and Meaning of the Right to Bear Arms", (1984) 71 Journal of American History 22-42;

CRIDER, Ellen, "CRIMINAL LAW -- DUTY TO RETREAT DOCTRINE -- UNDER MICHIGAN'S DUTY TO RETREAT DOCTRINE, WHERE A PERSON IS NOT REQUIRED TO RETREAT FROM HIS DWELLING OR ITS ATTACHED APPURTENANCES BEFORE USING DEADLY FORCE IN SELF-DEFENSE IF HE HONESTLY AND REASONABLY BELIEVES HE IS IN IMMEDIATE DANGER OF DEATH OR SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, DWELLING DOES NOT INCLUDE THE SURROUNDING CURTILAGE. State of Michigan v. Riddle, 649 N.W.2d 30 (Mich. 2002)" (Fall 2003) 81(1) University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 129-133; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

"Criminal Law -- Homicide -- Right to Defend Another", (1923-24) 8 Minnesota Law Review 340-341;

CROCKER, Phyllis L., "The Meaning of Equality for Battered Women Who Kill Men in Self-Defense", (1985) 8 Harvard Women's Law Journal 121- 153;

CROSS, Rupert, "The Making of English Criminal Law: (6) Sir James Fitzjames Stephen", [1978] Criminal Law Review 652-661. Research Note: see at p. 659, the comment on the 1879 Royal Commission and its treatment of self-defence;

CROWN PROSECUTION SERVICE AND THE ASSOCIATION OF CHIEF POLICE OFFICERS, "Householders and the use of force against intruders. Joint Public Statement from the Prosecution Service and the Association of Chief Police Officers"; note: issued February 2005; available at http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/prosecution/householders.html (accessed on 18 January 2006);

CURRAN, Eleanor, "Can Rights Curb the Hobbesian Soverreign? The Full Right to Self-preservation, Duties to Sovereignty and the Limitations of Hohfeld", 92006) 25 Law and Philosophy 243-265;

CUSSON, Maurice, "Paradoxes Américains: Autodéfense et Homicides", (1999) 52(3) Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique 131-150; article disponible à http://www.crim.umontreal.ca/cours/cri1600/prepress/cahier26.pdf (texte consulté le 17 avril 2006);

CUTLER, Jeffrey M., "Criminal Law --Criminal Law - Battered Women Syndrome: The Killing of a Passive Victim - A Perfect Defense or a Perfect Crime? State v Norman", (1988-89) 11 Campbell Law Review 263-278;

CZACHORSKI, Witold, "Causes de justification -- Note pour les pays socialistes", in Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité (1984: Gand, Belgique), Limpens, Jean, 1910-1979, Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé, In memoriam Jean Limpens : Studiedagen aansprakelijkheidsrecht, Gent, 23-24 maart 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité, Gent, 23-24 mars 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Symposium on Civil Liability, Gent, 23-24 March 1984, Antwerpen : Kluwer rechtswetenschappen, 1987, xxvii, 311 p., at pp. 251-264, et voir "La légitime défense", aux pp. 255-256 et "Justice personnelle (Self-Help), aux pp. 263-264 (series; Interuniversitair Centrum voor Rechtsvergelijking; 12), (Collection; Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé; 12), ISBN: 9063212879; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K923 Z9 I56 1987; droit civil mais un article utile pour les chercheurs et chercheuses;

DAHL, Henry, "The Influence and Application of the Standard Penal Code for Latin America", (1989-90) 17 American Journal of Criminal Law 235-262, see pp. 243-244 on "Self-defence and Defence of Others"; this article is followed by the "Standard Penal Code for Latin America" translated by José M. Canals and Henry Dahl, at ibid., 263-285, see p. 266, article 16 on self-defence. Research Note: there is a French version of the code, Code pénal type latino-américain, see Ramirez, see Part I of this bibliography;

DAMASKA, Mirjan, "Comment by Dr. Mirjan Damaska Comparing Study Draft of Proposed New Federal Criminal Code to European Penal Codes", in Working Papers of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, vol. III, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, pp. 1477-1505, see in particular p. 1491 on the consolidation of self-defence, defence of property etc. in one section in the penal codes of civil law countries;

DANGERFIELD, J.G.B., "The Battered Spouse Syndrome" in National Criminal Law Program: Substantive Criminal Law, Winnipeg, Man. : The Federation of Law Societies of Canada, 1996, vol. 2 of 2, section 16.9, 10 p; Notes: "University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, July 15 to 19, 1996"; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

DASSONVILLE, D., "Droit de légitime défense et débordements éventuels: aperçu de droit comparé", (2008) 88(1) Revue de Droit Pénal et de Criminologie 5-31;

"§ 1 La cause d'excuse absolutoire

Bien qu'un même type de dispositions soit donc présent dans plusieurs codes pénaux, nous choisirons le Code pénla néerlandais pour illustrer notre propos.

L'article 41.2 dudit Code prévoit:
"N'est pas punissable le dépassement des limites de la défense nécessaire, si ce dépassement a été en conséquence immédiate d'une émotion causée par l'agression".

La personne qui en se défendant dépasse donc les limites de la défense nécessaire parce qu'elle se trouvait sous le coup d'une émotion violente, conséquence directe de l'agression, peut bénéficier d'une cause d'excuse absolutoire, "l'excès de légitime défense". En d'autres termes, la personne n'a pas agi conformément à la législation; son comportement est illégal, mais elle est néanmoins excusée "pour son dépassement de l'acceptable, de la proportionnalité et de la subsidiarité"⁹².

[...]

L'application de l'article 41.2 requiert, par ailleurs, l'existence d'une situation de légitime défense⁹⁴ et d'un double lien de causalité. Le dépassement des limites de la légitime défense doit être la conséquence d'une émotion violente qui, elle-même, doit avoir été causée par l'agression. L'émotion violente peut, quant à elle, consister en un sentiment d'anxiété, de crainte ou d'affolement ("angst, vrees of radelooheid"), mais elle peut être également un sentiment de colère, d'indignation ou d'emportement ("woede, verontwaadiging of drift")"⁹⁵.
-----------
[...]
92 (P. DE HERT & P.P.J. VAN DER METY, op. cit., p. 37)
À comparer au § 33 du Code pénal allemand, qui dispose:
"§ 33. L'auteur qui dépasse les limites de la légitime défense n'est pas sanctionné s'il peut invoquer l'émotion, la peur ou l'affolement".

Le § 33 agit comme cause elisive de culpabilité ("Schudausschlieungsgrund") contrairement au § 32, qui vise la légitime défense, cause de justification ("Rechtfertigunsgrund"). Tout sentiment d'angoisse ne peut nécessairement être assimilé à la peur au sens du § 33. L'accès de colère ou l'impulsion n'entrent pas en considération. La capacité de percevoir correctement la situation de l'auteur de l'acte doit toutefois avoir sensiblement diminué. En tout état de cause, c'est au juge qu'il appartient d'évaluer la situation". (H. TRONDLE, T. FISCHER, op. cit, p. 282).

[ ...]

94 Excéder les limites de la légitime défense implique, en effet, qu'au départ, on se soit trouvé à l'intérieur des limites de ces dernières (C.P.M. CLEIREN, J.F. NIJBOER, op. cit., p. 205.

95 Pour une application concrète de l'excès de légitime défense, on citera le cas de ce septuagénaire, toujours armé depuis qu'il fut victime par le passé d'une agression, et qui, après avoir entendu proférer les paroles "dit it een roofoverbal", alors qu'il se trouvait sur sa propriété, se retourna, aperçut deux agresseurs et, effrayé, tira en direction du premier malfrat. Le tribunal estima qu'il se trouvait, en l'espèce, en présence d'une menace physique, que, vu son âge et son état de santé, il n'avait pas la possibilité de prendre la fuite, et qu'eu égard au caractère retiré du terrain, il n'y avait pas moyen d'appeler au secours. Si les conditions de la défense nécessaire étaient bien remplies, le tribunal estima néanmoins que les limites en avaient été dépassées, dès lors que la personne menacée, qui n'avait pas aperçu de couteau chez ses agresseurs, aurait pu tirer en l'air à titre d'avertissement. Le tribunal fut par ailleurs d'avis que ce dépassement des limites de la défense nécessaire fut une conséquence immédiate d'une émotion violente causée par l'agression (angoisse, panique et vraisemblablement colère). L'usage de l'arme, bien qu'illégalement détenue, fut dans ce cas excusé et l'homme, bien qu'ayant commis un fait punissable, ne fut pas condamné de ce chef. Il fut néanmoins condamné pour détention illégale d'arme (LJN: AP0198, Rechtbank's -Gravenhage, 27.5.2004, 09.757788-03)." (pp. 25-26)

DAVIES, Samuel D., "Constructive Self-Defence" (1882) 16 Irish Law Times 217-218;

DAVIS, Nancy, "Abortion and Self-Defence", (1984) 13 Philosophy and Public Affairs 175-207; also published in Jay L. Garfield, 1955-, and Patricia Hennessy, 1954-, eds., Abortion: Moral and Legal Perspectives, Amherst: The University of Massachusetts, 1984, vi, [ii], 331 p. at pp. 186-210, ISBN: 0870234404 and 0870234412 (paper);

DAVIS, R.P., Annotation, "Admissibility on issue of seff-defense (or defense of another), on prosecution for homicide or assault, of evidence of specific acts of violence by deceased or person assaulted, against others than defendant", (1939) 121 ALR 380-416;

DAWKINS, Kevin, "Criminal Law", [1978] New Zealand Law Review 415-442, see "Self-Defense" at pp. 420-430 discussing R. v. Kneale [1998] 2 NZLR 169;

DAWSON, Daryl, "Recent Developments in Criminal Law", (1991) 15 Journal of Criminal Law 5-16;

DECHEIX, Pierre, "À côté de la légitime défense, le motif légitime: de l'usage de violences par les agents publics", (1980) Recueil Dalloz Sirey de doctrine, de jutisprudence et de législation 89-97 (chronique. -- XIII); sur l'article 186 du Code pénal;

DELMAS SAINT-HILAIRE, J.-P., "La crise de la légitime défense dans la doctrine contemporaine", (1975) 28 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 5- 19;

___________"Faits Justificatifs Légitime Défense Art 122-5 et 122-6", dans Juris-Classeur Pénal, Paris : Éditions du Juris-Classeur, vol. 1, 1996 (pour cet article), 24 p.;

___________"La légitime défense contre les voleurs et les pillards violents. L'affaire Hienghène - Observations sur l'application de l'article 329-2 du Code pénal (ancien) dans l'affaire de la fusillade de Hienghène", (1993) 36 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 263-279;

DENIS, Guy, "Légitime défense et autodéfense", Gazette du Palais, 1979, 1er semestre, doctrine, pp. 74-80; avec le même titre dans (1979) 109 Revue de la Police nationale 17-24; copie à l'Université de Montréal; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article pas encore consulté;

DE ROOSE, Frank De, "Self-defence and National Defence", (1990) 7(2) Journal of Applied Philosophy 159-168; copy at Carleton University, Ottawa, B1.J54 Location: Floor 5 Serial;

DESMONS, Éric, "Légitime défense (Point de vue philosophique)" dans, publié sous la direction de Denis Alland et Stéphane Rials, Dictionnaire de la culture juridique, Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 2003, xxv, 1649 p., aux pp. 926-928 (Collection; Quadrige. Dicos poche), ISBN: 213053936X; traite de Hobbes, Locke, Pufendorf, Burlamaqui, Grotius;.

DE THAN, Claire, "Mistaken Belief in Self-defence May Justify Use of Lethal Force European Human Rights Law Review. Brady v United Kingdom (3 April 2001) ", (2001) 65 Journal of Criminal Law 417-419;

D.G.S., Note and Comment, "Crimes -- Defense of Property", (1926-27) 25 Michigan Law Review 57-62;

DIAMOND, Gregory A., "To have but not to hold: Can 'resistance against kidnapping' justify lethal self-defense against incapacitated batterers?", (2002) 102 Columbia Law Review 729-773; copy at the University of Ottawa, KFN 5069 .C657 Location: FTX Periodicals;

DIAMOND, Seth, "Criminal Law: The Justification of Self-Defense", [1987] Annual Survey of American Law 673-700;

DICKEY, John Sloan, "Culpable Homicides in Resisting Arrest", (1932-33) 18 Cornell Law Quarterly 373-390;

DINGWALL, Gavin, "Intoxicated Mistakes about the Need for Self-Defence", (January 2007) 70(1) The Modern Law Review 127-138;

"Discussion [on self-defence - Jewish perspectives]" in David M. Gordis, ed., Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence: An American-Jewish Exploration - Proceedings of a Conference at the Wilstein Institute, March 1990, Los Angeles: The University of Judaism 1991, xi, 104 p., at pp. 76-83, ISBN: 0881253812;

DIX, George E., "Self-defense", in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vol. 3, New York: Free Press, 1983, pp. 946-953, ISBN: 0029181100 (for the set of the four volumes constituting the Encyclopedia);

DIXON, The Honourable Mr. Justice Owen, "The Development of the Law of Homicide", (1935) 9 Australian Law Journal - Supplement 64-69;

DONOVAN, Dolores A.and Stephanie M. Wildman, "Is the Reasonable Man Obsolete? A Critical Perspective on Self-Defense and Provocation", (1980-81) 14 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 435-468;

DORAN, Sean , "The Doctrine of Excessive Defence: Developments Past, Present and Potential", (1985) 36 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 314-341;

DORJAHN, Alfred P., "Extenuating Circumstances in Athenian Courts", (1930) 25 Classical philology 162-172, see "Homicide" at pp. 162-164; copy at the University of Ottawa, PA 1 .C5 Location: MRT Periodicals;

Dossier, "Atelier sur l'article 31 par. 1c) du Statut de la Cour Pénale internationale (Coordonné par Eric David)", (2000) 33(2) Revue belge de droit international 355-488; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, Périodiques FTX, K21 .E87;

DOYLE, Frank, Notes n Recent Missouri Cases, "Self-defense, Burden of Proof. State v. Roberts [(1922) 242 S.W. 669]", (1923) 26 University of Missouri Bulletin of Law Series 35-39;

DOWLING, Keith, "A Moral Justification for Killing in Self-Defence", (August 1998) 17(3) South African Journal of Philosophy 262-274; copy at Bibliothèque et Archives Canada/Library and Archives Canada;

DOWLUT, Robert. "The Right to Keep and Bear Arms: A Right to Self-Defense Against Criminals and Despots" (1997) 8 Standford Law & Policy Review 25-40; copy available at http://www.guncite.com/journals/dowdesp.html (accessed on 9 February 2003);

DRAKE, Denise M., "The Castle Doctrine: An Expanding Right to Stand Your Ground", (2008) 39 St Mary's Law Journal 573 ; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (4 November 2011);

DRAPER, George, "Fairness and Self-Defence", (1993) 19 Social Theory and Practice 73-92;

DRAPER, Kai, "Self-Defense, Collective Obligation, and Noncombatant Liability", (1998) 24 Social Theory and Practice 57-81; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, H1. S63;

____________"Battered Women, Sleeping Abusers, and Criminal Responsibility", (Fall 1997) 2 Chicago Policy Review 1-16. Research Note: The Chicago Policy Review is the journal of the University of Chicago Graduate School of Public Policy Studies;

____________"Battered Women Who Kill Their Sleeping Tormentors" in Stephen Shute, 1955-, and A.P. Simester, eds., Criminal law Theory : Doctrines of the General Part, New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, c2002, 332 p. at pp. 259-282, ISBN: 0199243492 (series; Oxford monographs; Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, call number: K5018 C77 2002;

___________"Criminal Law, Moral Theory, and Feminism: Some Reflections on the Subject and on the Fun (and Value) of Courting Controversy", (2004) 48(4) Saint Louis University Law Journal 1143-1166, on battered women self-defense, see pp. 1157-1161;

___________"Feminist (or 'Feminist') Reform of Self-Defense Law: Some Critical Reflections", December 1, 2010, Marquette Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1716843; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1716843 (accessed on 7 December 2010);

__________"Foreword - Justifications and Excuses: A Brief Review of the Concepts and the Literature", (1987) 33 Wayne Law Review 1155-1167;

___________"New Thoughts about the Concept of Justification in the Criminal Law: A Critique of Fletcher's Thinking and Rethinking", (1984) 32 University of California at Los Angeles Law Review 61-99;

___________"Rethinking Heat of Passion", (1982) 73 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 421-470;

DUBBER, Markus Dirk, "Toward a Constitutional Law of Crime and Punishment", (2003-2004) 55 Hastings Law Journal 509-571, and see pp. 554-555; available also at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=508622 (accessed on 21 May 2006);

DUBIN, Danielle R., "A Woman's Cry for Help: Why the United States Should Apply Germany's Model of Self-Defense for the Battered Woman", (1995) 2 ILSA Journal of International Law & Comparative Law 235-265;

DuCHARME, Seth D., Note, "The Search for Reasonableness in Use-of-Force Cases: Understanding the Effects of Stress on Perception and Performance, (2002) 70(6) Fordham Law Review 2515-2560; available at http://law.fordham.edu/publications/articles/500flspub11450.pdf (accessed on 21 March 2008);

DUIVEN, Stephanie, "Battered women and the full benefit of self-defense laws", (1997) 12 Berkely Women's Law Journal 103-111;

DURGAN, Walter T., "Retreat from Deadly Force", (1929) 9 Oregon Law Review 474-480;

DUFFY, Robert E., "[Recent Decisions] Criminal Law - Circumstances Governing Right of Person Attacked to Stand His Ground - Duty To Retreat - Question of Fact for Jury", (1930-31) 6 Notre Dame Lawyer 128-129;

DUNCAN, Krista L., Note, " 'Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics' ? Psychological Syndrome Evidence in the Courtroom after Daubert", (1995-96) 71 Indiana Law Journal 753-771 and see "Battered Woman Syndrome" at pp. 763-767; copy at Ottawa University, KFI 3069 .I525, Location: FTX Periodicals;

DURHAM, Cole and George P. Fletcher, "Statutory Appendix", [1986] Brigham Young University Law Review 793-807. Research Note: see p. 797 for s. 53 for comments and provision on "necessary defense" (the German Penal Code, 1871) and pp. 804-805 for section 32, "necessary defense" and section 33 "excessive force" (The German Penal Code, 1975);

DURHAM, W. Cole, "Reminiscence of Dialogue: Beyond the Papers of the Freiburg Conference" in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York): Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, ISBN: 0929179226, pp. 1489-1554, see at pp. 1509-1515 for a discussion of the papers by: Robinson, "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Doctrine", infra, Hermann, infra, and at pp. 1515-1520 for a discussion of the papers of Fletcher, "The Right and the Reasonable", infra and Stratenwerth, infra;

DUTTON, Donald G., "A systems approach to the prediction of wife assault: relevance to criminal justice system policy" in Christopher D. Webster, 1936-, Mark H. Ben-Aron and Stephen J. Hucker, eds., Dangerousness: Probability and prediction, psychiatry and public policy, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985, xiii, 236 p., at pp. 103-114, ISBN: 0521300290;

DUTTON, Mary Ann, "Understanding Women's Responses to Domestic Violence: A Redefinition of Battered Woman Syndrome", (1992) 21 Hofstra Law Review 1191-1242; copy at Ottawa University, KF 292 .N6 H63, Location: FTX Periodicals; copy also at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;

DUYX, Peter, Roelof Haveman and Elies van Sliedregt, "War Crimes and the Statute of Rome: Some Afterthoughts", (2000) 39 Revue de Droit Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre / The Military Law and Law of War Review 67-122, and see on self-defence, pp. 76-78 and 100-112; "Report of the Seminar hosted by the Netherlands Defence College in Rijswijk, The Netherlands on 22 October 1999"; copy at the University of Ottawa, KJM 0 .R49 Location: FTX Periodicals;

DWYER, Patraig, "Homicide and the Plea of Self-Defence", (1992) 2 Irish Criminal Law Journal 73-93; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (31 January 2006);

EARHART, Andrea L., "CRIMINAL LAW/SELF-DEFENSE--Should a Defendant be Denied the Affirmative Defense of Self-Defense if the Criminal Act was not Intentional? Self-Defense or Defense for Self? Duran v. State, 990 P.2d 1005 (Wyo. 1999)", (2001) 1 Wyoming Law Review 695-722; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;

EBER, Lorraine P., "The Battered Wife's Dilemma: To Kill or to Be Killed", (1980-81) 32 Hastings Law Journal 895-931;

ÉCHAPPÉ, Olivier, "L'imputabilité de l'acte délictueux : du droit romain au droit canonique", (1987) 30 L'année canonique115-132. Note de recherche: voir en particulier à la p. 130 sur la légitime défense;

"Editorial: Counter-Revolution in the Law of Self-Defence", [1987] Criminal Law Review 1-3. Research Note: no author mentioned;

"Editorial: Excessive defence", (2002) 26(2) Criminal Law Journal 69-71; legislation on excessive self-defence in New South Wales and South Australia;

Editorial Notes, "Duty to retreat before killing in self-defense: Examination of above doctrine in law of homicide", (1927) 12 Iowa Law Review 171-175;

"Editorial: Rethinking Self-Defence", (1997) 21 Criminal Law Journal 253-254. Research Note: no author mentioned;

Editorial, "Viewpoints: In Defence of Self-defence", National Post, 8 May 2003; also published in Annice Blair, 1948-, Kathleen Ryan Elliott, Bonnie Manning and Marcus Mossuto, lead authors, Canadian and International Law, DonMills (Ontario): Oxford University Press, 2004, ix, 551 p., at pp. 288-289, ISBN: 0195420470; note: there is also a "Teacher's Resource", ISBN: 0195420489; copy at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, Br. B KE444 B53;

Editorial, "What should we do about the law of self-defence?", [2000] The Criminal Law Review 417-418;

EDWARDS, Eric, "Excessive Force in Self-Defence: A Comment", (1963-64) 6 University of Western Australia Law Review 457-466;

EDWARDS, Susan M., "Abolishing Provocation and Reframing Self-Defence -- the Law Commission's Options for Reform", [2004] The Criminal Law Review 181-197;

___________"Battered women who kill", (1990) 140 New Law Journal 1380-1381 and 1392;

EIDAM, Lutz, Book Review, "Making Comparative Criminal Law Possible. EINFÜHRUNG IN DAS US-AMERIKANISCHE STRAFRECHT. By Markus Dirk Dubber. Munich: C.H. Beck, 2005, Pp. xvii, 216, E[uro] 19.80" , (May 2006) 54(1) Buffalo Law Review 235-249, and see p. 243 (short discussion of the issue of proportionality in German law);

ELLIOTT, Catherine, "What Future for Volontary Manslaughter?", (June 2004) 68(3) The Journal of Criminal Law 253-263, see "Self-defence" at p. 259 and "Self-preservation" at pp. 262-263; note: the article examines the Law Commission's Consultation Paper: Partial Defences to Murder, June 2003;

ELLIOTT, Ian D., "Excessive Self-Defence in Commonwealth Law: A Comment", (1973) 22 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 727-740;

___________"The Use of Deadly Force in Arrest: Proposals for Reform", (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 50-88;

EMERSON, Christine, "United States v. Willis: No Room for the Battered Woman Syndrome in the Fifth Circuit? (1996) 48 Baylor Law Review 317-340; copy at Ottawa University, KFT 1269 .B39, Location: FTX Periodicals;

ENGEL, James C., "Criminal Law -- The Right to Resist an Unlawful Arrest in Modern Society Case Comment: Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts", (1984)18 Suffolk University Law Review 107-113;

ENKER, Arnold, "Duress, Self-Defence and Necessity in Israeli Law", (1996) 30 Israel Law Review 188-206;

EPPS, Garrett, "Any Which Way But Loose: Interpretive Strategies and Attitudes Toward Violence in the Evolution of the Anglo-American 'Retreat Rule'" (1992) 55 Law and Contemporary Problems 303-331;

ESER, Albin, "Article 31: Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility" in Otto Triffterer, ed., Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers' Notes, Article by Article, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, xxviii, 1295 p. at pp. 537-554, see "Self-defence, defence of another person and defence of property in war crimes" at pp. 548-550, ISBN: 3789061735; copy at the Department of External Affairs, Ottawa, call number: legal KZ 6310 .C734 1999; available at http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/3922/pdf/Eser_Grounds_for_excluding_criminal_responsibility.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2008);

___________"Justification and Excuse", (1976) 24 American Journal of Comparative Law 621-637. Research Note: on self-defence, see pp. 631-634;

__________"Justification and Excuse: A Key Issue in the Concept of Crime" in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York): Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, ISBN: 0929179226, pp. 17-65. Research Note: on self-defence, see pp. 51-54;

ESSIQUE, Christine R., "The Use of Deadly Force by Women Against Rape in Michigan: Justified Homicide?", (1990-91) 37 Wayne Law Review 1969-1987; copy at Ottawa University, KFM 4269 .W39, Location: FTX Periodicals;

ESTRICH, Susan, "Defending Women - Book Review of: Justifiable Homicide: Battered Women, Self-Defense and the Law by Cynthia Gillepsie"", (1990) 88 Michigan Law Review 1430-1439;

EVINS, D.E., Annotation, "Relationship with assailant's wife as provocation depriving defendant of right of self-defense", (1966) 9 ALR 3d 933-943; see also the Supplement Issue of June 2002 at pp. 187-188;

EXERTIER, Raymond, et Pierre Bouzat, "Quelle légitime défense?", (1979) La semaine juridique I -- Doctrine 2963, 2 p.;

EWING, Charles Patrick, and Moss Aubrey, "Battered Woman and Public Opinion: Some Realities about the Myths", (1982) 2 Journal of Family Violence 257-264; copy at Ottawa University, HQ 809 .J68, Location: Periodicals;

EWING, Charles Patrick, "Psychological Self-Defense: A Proposed Justification for Battered Women Who KIll", (1990) 14 Law and Human Behavior 579-594;

EWIN, Robert E., "What is Wrong with Killing people?", (April 1972) 22 The Philosophical Quarterly 126-139; copy at the University of Ottawa, B 1 .P49 Location: MRT Periodicals;

FABRICANT, Judith, "Homicide in Response to a Threat of Rape: A Theoretical Examination of the Rule of Justification", (1981) 11 Golden Gate University Law Review 945-980;

FAIGMAN, David L. and Amy J. Wright, "The Battered Woman Syndrome in the Age of Science", (1997) 39 Arizona Law Review 67-115;

FAIGMAN, David L., "The Battered Woman Syndrome and Self-Defense: A Legal and Empirical Dissent", (1986) 72 Virginia Law Review 619-647;

___________"The Syndromatic Lawyer Syndrome: A Psychological Theory of Evidentiary Munificence", (1996) 67 University of Colorado Law Review 817-826; copy at Ottawa University, KFC 1869 .R62 Location: FTX Periodicals;

FAIRALL, Paul Ames, "The Demise of Excessive Self-Defence Manslaughter in Australia: A Final Orbituary?", (1988) 12 Criminal Law Journal 28-48. Research Note: this article was modified by the author in "Excessivew Self-Defence in Australia: Change for the Worse?" in Stanley Meng Heong Yeo, ed., Partial Excuses to Murder, Leichhardt (N.S.W., Australia): The Federation Press, 1991, xvii, 287 p. at pp. 178-193, ISBN: 1862870470;

___________"Excessive Self-Defence in Australia: Change for the Worse?" in Stanley Meng Heong Yeo, ed., Partial Excuses to Murder, Leichhardt (N.S.W., Australia): The Federation Press, 1991, xvii, 287 p. at pp. 178-193, ISBN: 1862870470. Research Note: the author states at p. 178: "This is a modified version of an article appearing at (1988) 12 Criminal Law Journal 28[- 48]";

FAYETTE, James, " 'If You Knew Him Like I Did, You'd Have Shot Him, Too...' A Survey of Alaska's Law of Self Defense", (December 2006) 23(2) Alaska Law Review.171-233; available at http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/alr/alrtoc23n2 (accessed on 21 March 2008);

F.B.G., Recent Cases, "Criminal Law -- Homicide -- Self Defense -- Instruction", (1925) 19 Illinois Law Review 692-693; copy at Ottawa University, KFI 1269 .I55 Location: FTX Periodicals;

FEINBERG, Joel, "Volontary Euthanasia and the Inaliable Right to Life", (1977-78) 7 Philosophy and Public Affairs 93-123;

FERRARO, Kathleen J., "The Words Change, But the Melody Lingers: The Persistence of the Battered Woman Syndrome in Crimnal Cases Involving Battered Women", (2003) 9(1) Violence Agaisnt Women 110-129;

FERZAN, Kimberley Kessler, "Defending Imminence: From Battered Women to Iraq", (2004) 46(2) Arizona Law Review 213-262; copy at Ottawa University, KFA 2469 .A739 Location FTX Periodicals;

___________"Justifying Self-Defense", (November 2005) 24(6) Law and Philosophy 711-749;

____________"Self-Defense, Permissions, and the Means Principle : A REply to Quong", (2011) 8 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 503-513; available at http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume8_2/Ferzan.pdf (accessed on 4 November 2011);

FINE, Seth Aaron, "Do not blur self-defence and revenge", (1993) 8 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 299-301;

FINKEL, Norman J., Kristen H. Meiser and Deirdre M. Lightfoot, "The Self-Defense Defense and Community Sentiment", (1991) 15(6) Law and Human Behavior 585-602;

FINKELSTEIN, Claire O., "On the Obligation of the State to Extend a Right of Self-Defense to Its Citizens", (1999) 147 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1361-1402; also in Toronto: University of Toronto, 1998, 49 p. (series; Legal theory workshop series LTW 1998-99 - (2));

___________"A Puzzle about Hobbes on Self-Defense", (2001) 82 Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 332-361; also published in Claire Finkelstein, ed., Hobbes on Law, Aldershot, Hants (England)/Burlington (VT) : Ashgate/Dartmouth, 2005, xix, 583 p., at pp. 411-440 (series; Philosophers and law), ISBN: 0754621782, copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

___________"Self-Defense as a Rational Excuse", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 621-649 ("Symposium: Self-Defense and Relations of Domination: Moral and Legal Perspectives on Battered Women Who Kill");

FINKELSTEIN, Claire O., and Leo Katz, "Contrived Defenses and Deterrent Threats : Two Facets of One Problem", (Spring 2008) 5(2) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 479-504; available at http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume5_2/FinkelsteinKatzPDF.pdf (accessed on 23 March 2008); deals with the doctrine actio libera in causa;

FINKELMAN, Marilyn, "Self-Defense and Defense of Others in Jewish Law: The Rodef Defense, (1987) 33 Wayne Law Review 1257-1287;

FIORA-GORMALLY, Nancy, Case 1 Comment, "Battered Wives Who Kill: Double Standard Out of Court, Single Standard In?", (1978) 2(2) Law and Human Behavior 133-165;

FISCHER, Joseph M., "Comments: Self-Defense under the Michigan Revised Criminal Code", (1967-68) 14 Wayne Law Review 833-847;

FISHER, Jason D., "The 'Shoot the Carjacker' Law under Fire: A Cost Benefit Analysis of a Controversial Expansion of Justifiable Homicide", (1998) 47 Emory Law Journal 1401-1437; copy at the University of Ottawa, KF 450 .P8 J68 Location, FTX Periodicals;

FISSE, Brent, "Partial Excuses and Critical Assumptions: The Judgment of Hindsight AJ in Rex v DPP", in in Stanley Meng Heong Yeo, ed., Partial Excuses to Murder, Leichhardt (N.S.W., Australia): The Federation Press, 1991, xvii, 287 p. at pp. 258-282, ISBN: 1862870470;

FLEMING, Jamie, "Aspects of the law of self-defense with special attention to the problem of the use of excessive force in murder cases", [1980], 32 leaves, (series; Advanced criminal law papers), copy at the University of Calgary Library, KF210 .C246 1980 F54; text noted in my research but not consulted;.

FLETCHER, George P., "Criminal Theory as an International Discipline" in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 2, Dobbs Ferry (New York), Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, pp. 1595-1621, ISBN: 0929179229 and the same article as it appeared "in a slightly different version" in (Winter/Spring 1985) 4 Criminal Justice Ethics 60- 77;

___________"Defensive Force As An Act Of Rescue", (1990) 7 Social Philosophy & Policy 170-179.; also published in Ellen Frankel Paul, Fred D. Miller, Jr. and Jeffrey Paul, eds., Crime, Culpability, and Remedy, Oxford and Cambridge (MA): Basil Blackwell, 1990, [xii], 248 p. at pp. 170-179, ISBN: 0631173048;

___________ "Dogmas of the Model Penal Code", (1998) 2 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 1-24 (Symposium: "Toward a New Federal Criminal Code"); Research Note: Professor Fletcher comments on s. 3.04 of the Model Penal Code pertaining to self-defence at pp. 13-17;

___________"Domination in the Theory of Justification", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburg Law Review 553-578 ("Symposium: Self-Defense and Relations of Domination: Moral and Legal Perspectives on Battered Women Who Kill");

___________"Excuse: 1. Theory", in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vol. 2, New York: Free Press, 1983, pp. 724-729, ISBN: 0029181110 for the set of four volumes of the Encyclopedia;

___________"Excuse: Theory", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief, Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002, 4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 2, at pp. 637-643, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653211 (vol. 2);

__________"How Would the Bush Administration's Claims of Self-Defense, Used As Justifications for the War Against Iraq, Fare Under Domestic Rules of Self- Defense?", (Sept. 10, 2002), available at Find Law's, Legal Commentary, http://writ.news.findlaw.com/commentary/20020910_fletcher.html (accessed on 11 February 2005);

___________"The Individualization of Excusing Conditions", (1974) 47 Southern California Law Review 1269-1309; also published in: Michael Louis Corrado, ed., Justification and Excuse in the Criminal Law: A Collection of Essays, New York, Garland Pub., 1994, pp. 53-94, ISBN: 0815308256 (series; vol. 831, ++Garland Reference Library of Social Science; vol. 1, Garland Studies in Applied Ehics); and also published in Jules L. Coleman, ed., Crimes and Punishments, New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1994, xxiv, 560 p. at pp. 137-177 (series; Philosophy of Law), ISBN: 0815314000;

___________"Justification: 1. Theory", in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vol. 3, New York: Free Press, 1983, pp. 941-946, ISBN: 0029181110 for the set of four volumes of the Encyclopedia;

___________"Justification: Theory", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief, Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002, 4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 2, at pp. 883-889, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653211 (vol. 2);

___________"Law and Morality: A Kantian Perspective", (1987) 87 Columbia Law Review 533-558, see pp. 549 and 551;

___________ "Légitime défense" dans Dictionnaire d'éthique et de philosophie morale, sous la direction de Monique Canto-Sperber, 2e édition corrigée, Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1997, xxii, 1719 p., aux pp. 815-818, ISBN: 2130477291. Note de recherche: traite en partie de la philosophie kantienne;

___________"Mistake in the Model Penal Code: A False False Problem", (1988) 19 Rutgers Law Journal 649-670;

_____________ "Passion and Reason in Self-Defense" in Conrad Johnson, ed., The Philosophy of Law, New York, New York : Macmillan Pub. Co. and Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan, Canada, c1993, xii, 708 p., at pp. 648-662, ISBN: 0023609354. Research Note: This is chapter 2 of Fletcher's book, A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernard Goetz and the Law on Trial, see see Part I of my bibliography on self-defence;

___________"Proportionality and the Psychotic Aggressor: A Vignette in Comparative Criminal Theory", (1973) 8 Israel Law Review 367-390; also published in Edward M. Wise and Gerhard O.W. Mueller, eds., Studies in Comparative Criminal Law, Springfield (Illinois): Charles C. Thomas, 1975, x, 328 p., at pp. 123-152, (series; Publications of the Criminal Law Education and Research Center; vol. 11), ISBN: 0398031681; important contribution;

___________"The Psychotic Aggressor - A Generation Later", (1993) 27 Israel Law Review 227-246;

___________"Punishment and Self-Defense", (1989) 8 Law and Philosophy 201-215; also published in G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris, eds., Liability and responsibility : essays in law and morals, Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991, x, 430 p. at pp. 415-430, being chapter 12 of the book (Series; Cambridge studies in philosophy and law), ISBN: 0521392160 (hardcover);

___________"The Right and the Reasonable", (1985) 98 Harvard Law Review 949-982; also published in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York), Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, ISBN: 0929179226, p. 67;

___________"The Right Deed for the Wrong Reason: A Reply to Mr. Robinson", (1975) 23 University of California at Los Angeles Law Review 293-321; also published in Michael Louis Corrado, ed., Justification and Excuse in the Criminal Law: A Collection of Essays, New York, Garland Pub., 1994, pp. 305-339 (series; vol. 831, Garland Reference Library of Social Science; vol. 1, Garland Studies in Applied Ehics), ISBN: 0815308256;

___________"The Right to Life", (1978-79) 13 Georgia Law Review 1371-1394; also published in (1980) 63 Monist 135-155;

___________"Rights and Excuses", (Summer/Fall 1984) 3(2) Criminal Justice Ethics 17-27;

___________"Talmudic Reflections on Self-Defense" in Mary I. Bochover, ed., Rules, Rituals, and Responsibility: Essays Dedicated to Herbert Fingarette, La Salle (Illinois): Open Court, 1991, xxvii, 228 p., at pp. 55-69 (series: Critics and their Critics; vol. 2), ISBN: 0812691644 and 0812691652 (pbk.); also published in David M. Gordis, ed., Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence: An American-Jewish Exploration - Proceedings of a Conference at the Wilstein Institute, March 1990, Los Angeles: The University of Judaism, 1991, xi, 104 p., at pp. 61-72, ISBN: 0881253812;

FLETCHER, George P., 1939-, Luis E. Chiesa, et al., "Self-Defense and the Psychotic Aggressor", in Paul H. Robinson, Stephen P. Garvey and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan, eds., Criminal Law Conversations, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, xxvii, 732 p., Chapter 17, at pp. 365-383, ISBN: 9780195391633 and 0195391632; copy at Fauteux, K5018 .C753 2009; available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1157614; see http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1157614 (accessed on 15 January 2009);
Table of Contents
- George P. Fletcher and Luis E. Chiesa, Self-Defense and the Psychotic Aggressor, 365-372;
Comments
- Boaz Sangero, -- "Self-Defense and the Psychotic Aggressor"; What About Proportionality?, 372;
- John Mikhail -- Self-Defense Against Wrongful Attack: The Case of the Psychotic Aggressor, 374;
- Sherry F. Colb -- Justifying Homicide Against Innocent Aggressors Without Denying Their Innocence, 375;
- Shlomit Wallerstein -- Two Flaws in the Autonomy-Based Justification for Self-Defense, 377;
- Whitley R.P. Kaufman -- Problems for the Autonomy Theory of Self-Defense, 379;
Reply
- George P. Fletcher and Luis E. Chiesa, 385;

FLETCHER, George P., 1939-, and Steve Sheppard, 1963-, American law in a global context : the basics, New York : Oxford University Press, c2005, xii, 682 p., and see pp. 526-590, ISBN: 0195167228 and 0195167236 (pbk.); copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KF 380 .F59;

FLORIDA LEGISLATION—THE CONTROVERSY OVER FLORIDA’S NEW “STAND YOUR GROUND” LAW—FLA. STAT. § 776.013 (2005)", (2005) 33 Florida St. U.L. Review 351-356, available at http://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/lawreview/downloads/331/Recent.pdf (accessed on 24 May 2008);

FOLLINGSTAD, Diane R., Regina D. Shillinglaw, Dana D.DeHart, and Kathryn J., "The Impact of Elements of Self-Defense and Objective Versus Subjective Instructions on Jurors’ Verdicts for Battered Women Defendants", (1997) 12(5) Journal of Interpersonal Violence 729–747;

FOX, James J., "Self-Defence" in Charles G. Hebermann et al., eds., The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and the History of the Catholic Church, vol. 13, New York: Appleton, 1912, at p. 691; Research Note: the article of Fox is also published in: Jane Frances Leibell (Compiled and Edited by), 1977-, Readings in Ethics, Chicago, Loyola University Press, 1926, xv, 1098 p. at pp. 494-496;

FRIEDEBURG, Robert V., " 'Self-defence' and Sovereignty: The Reception and Application of German Political Thought in England and Scotland, 1628-69", (2002) 23(2) History of Political Thought 238-265; political thought; useful for historians and philosophers;

FROWE, Helen, "A Practical Account of Self-Defence", (October 2009) Law and Philosophy;

FUNK, T. Markus, "Justifying Justifications", (1999) 19 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 631-647;

GABRIEL, Manfred J., "Coming to Terms with the East German Border Guards Cases” (1999-2000) 38 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 375-418;

"What is the distinction between definition and justification? If the definition of a crime is fulfilled, the perpetrator's act constitutes (for instance) murder. But the murder is only wrongful if it was not justified in self-defense. Logically, there is no difference between the elements of a crime's definition and justifications.¹⁵⁷ But in terms of moral significance, there is a difference. Swatting a fly is not committing homicide, since the definition of homicide requires the killing of a person. Shooting a robber in self-defense, however, is homicide, although it is justified and therefore not wrongful.¹⁵⁸ ...
------
157. Logical equivalency results ifjustifications are regarded as negative elements of the crime's defmition: crime = a + b is equivalent to crime = a + -(-b). Or: 'Wrongful homicide is intentional killing unprovoked by a wrongful attack' equals 'homicide is intentional killing; homicide is not wrongful if necessary to defend against an unprovoked wrongful attack.'
158. See supra note 156." (pp. 407-408). Note 156, at p. 407 reads: " 156. A crime's definition establishes the positive conditions that must be present for the action to have been wrongful, such as intentional killing in the case of homicide -- the elements of the crime establish the duty not to kill. There may be a rule under which a privilege to violate this duty exists, however. Such a justification would remove the wrongfulness of the act. Killing another in self-defense is intentional homicide, but it is not wrongful and therefore not subject to punishment. See generally GEORGE P. FLETCHER, RETHINKING CRIMINAL LAW § 7.4.2-3 (1978)".

GAGARIN, Michael, "The Problem of Just and Unjust Homicide in Antiphon's Tetralogies" (1978) 19 Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 291-306;

__________"Self-defense in Athenian Homicide Law", (1978) 19 Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 111-120;

GALLANT, Kenneth S., "Is Tragedy Possible?: A Comment on George Fletcher's 'The Right and the Reasonable'", (1989) 37 American Journal of Comparative Law 595-602;

GANI, Miriam, "Codifying the criminal law: Implications for interpretation", (October 2005) 29(5) Criminal Law Journal 264-280; discusses the codification of self-defence in New South Wales;

GARDNER, John, "Justification under Authority", February 18, 2009), Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 5/2009, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1345763; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1345763 (accessed on 4 March 2009); now published in (January 2010) 23(1) The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 71-98, and see "Self-defence" at pp. 83-89;;

GARDNER, Martin R., "Review Essay / Self-Defense Theory - Suzanne Uniacke, Permissible Killing: The Self-Defense Justification of Homicide Cambridge University Press, 1994, 231 pp." (Winter/Spring 1995) 14(1) Criminal Justice Ethics 72-79;

GARREN, David J., "Book Discussion: David Rodin's War and Self-Defense", (2003) 2(3) Journal of Military Ethics 245-251;

GARRETT, Barden, "Defending Self-Defence", (1984) 1(2) Irish Philosophical Journal (Autumn 1984) 25-35; Research Note: the author deals with Q. 64, art. 7 of the IIaIIae of the Summa Theologia of St. Thomas Aquinas;

GARVEY, Stephen P., "Racism, Unreasonable Belief, and Bernard Goetz", draft of 19 December 2006, 57 p.; available at http://www.law.ucla.edu/docs/goetz.pdf (accessed on 28 February 2008);

___________"Self-Defense and the Mistaken Racist", (2008) 11 New Criminal Law Review; available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=961260 (accessed on 1 October 2007);

GAUDEMET, J., "Le problème de la responsabilité pénale dans l'Antiquité", dans La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du Colloque de philosophie pénale (12 au 21 janvier 1959) présentés par J. Léauté, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1961, 565 p. aux pp. 51-80 (Collection; Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg; vol. VIII - Note : Travaux de l'Institut de Sciences Criminelles et pénitentiaires);

GAUTHIER, David, "Self-Defense and the Requirement of Imminence: Comments on George Fletcher's Domination in the Theory of Justification and Excuse", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburg Law Review 615-620 ("Symposium: Self-Defense and Relations of Domination: Moral and Legal Perspectives on Battered Women Who Kill");

GAUVARD, Claude, "L'image du roi justicier en France à la fin du Moyen Âge, d'après les lettres de rémission" dans La faute, la répression et le pardon : Actes du 10e congrès national des sociétés savantes, Brest 1982, Section de philogie et d'histoire jusqu'à 1610, tome I, Paris: C.T.H.S. (Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques du Ministère de l'éducation nationale), 1984, 476 p., aux pp. 165-192, ISBN: 2735500454 (pour le tome I);

GEORGE, B.J., "A Guide to State Criminal Code Revision" in Edward M. Wise and Gerhard O.W. Mueller, eds., Studies in Comparative Criminal Law, Springfield (Illinois): Charles C. Thomas, 1975, x, 328 p., chapter 6 at pp. 65-88, and see "Defenses (Justification)" at pp. 81-83, (series; Publications of the Criminal Law Education and Research Center; vol. 11), ISBN: 0398031681;

GERLING, Susan Michelle, "Louisiana's New 'Kill the Carjacker' Statute: Self-Defense or Instant Justice?", (1999) 55 Washington University Journal Urban and Contemporary Law 109-135; copy available at http://law.wustl.edu/journal/55/109.pdf (accessed on 4 February 2003);

GETZLER, Joshua, "Use of Force in Protecting Property - DRAFT", Paper for the Conference on The Excessive Use of Force, Jerusalem, 11-13 May 2004, 21 p.; available at http://www.as.huji.ac.il/Getzler%20.pdf (accessed on 15 December 2004); Mr. Getzler is from St Hugh’s College and Faculty of Law, Oxford; now published under the title "Use of Force in Protecting Property -- In memoriam J.W.H.", (December 2005) 7(1) Theoretical Inquiries in Law -- article 7;

GHANAYIM, Khalid, "Excuse Necessity in Western Legal Philosophy", (January 2006) 19(1) The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 31-65; translation by Avinoam Sharon;

"It is interesting to note Kant's approach to self-defence. Kant recognizes self-defence as an objective right that grants the victim the right to employ force. Kant rejects the view that the legislature can limit the scope of self-defence in cases of defence of life. Kant states in his lectures, Kant's Gesammelte Schriften, XXVII.2.2 p. 1374 (Naturecht, Feyerabend) 'if my life is possibly but not certainly endangered, the state caanot enact a moderating law [a law that forbids me to protect my life] because 1) the most severe punishment that the state can impose is not greater than the present evil. The law cannot prevent me from protecting my life. Such a law would be absurd. 2) Such a law would be unjust because if the state cannot protect me then it cannot issue commands.' In other words, according to Kant, self-defence is an objective right, and the legislature cannot restrict its scope, and if it purports to do so, the limitation is unjust. Moreover, such a prohibition lacks a deterrent force." (p. 46, note 89)

GHENT, Jeffrey F., Annotation, "Homicide: duty to retreat as condition of self-defense when one is attacked at his office, or place of business or employment", (1972) 41 ALR 3d 584-602; see also the Supplement Issue of June 2002, at p. 35;

___________Annotation, "Homicide: modern status of rules as to burden and quantum of proof to show self-defense", (1972) 43 ALR 3d 221-239; see also the Supplement Issue of June 2002 at pp. 7-24;

GHODSI, Ebrahim, "Legitimate Defence in the Criminal Law of Iran and Islam", (2003) 67(4) The Journal of Criminal Law 349-357;

GILBERT, Jérémie, "Justice not Revenge: The International Criminal Court and the 'Grounds to Exclude Criminal Responsibility' -- Defences or Negation of Criminality?", (June 2006) 10(2) The International Journal of Human Rights 143-160;

GILES, Marianne, "Self-Defence and Mistake: A Way Forward", (1990) 53 Modern Law Review 187-200;

GIVANOVITCH, Thomas, "La légitime défense et les droits de l'homme", (1956) 26 Revue internationale de droit pénal 37-43;

___________"La légitime (ou nécessaire) défense", (1928) 4 Revue pénitentiaire de Pologne 13-23;

G.J.C., "Homicide: killing by set gun or similar device on defendant's own property", (1922) 19 ALR 1437-1439;

GLAZEBROOK, P.R., "Criminal Law Reform: England", in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vol. 2, New York, Free Press, 1983, pp. 490-501, ISBN: 0029181110 for the set of four volumes of the Encyclopedia. Research Note: see at p. 497 for the comment on the addition of several self-defence provisions by the Royal Commission in 1879;

GLENNON, Michael J., "The Fog of Law: Self-Defense, Inherence, and Incoherence in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter", (2001-2002) 21 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 539-558;

GOLDMAN, Lauren E., Notes, "Non Confrontational Killings and the Appropriate Use of Battered Child Syndrome Testimony: The Hazards of Subjective Self-Defense and the Merits of Partial Excuse", (1994-95) 45 Case Western Reserve Law Review 185-249; copy at Ottawa University, KFO 69 .W47 Location FTX Periodicals;

GOLDSTEIN, Aaron., Note, "Race, Reasonableness, and the Rule of Law", (2003) 76(5) Southern California Law Review 1189-1235;

GOODERSON, R.N., "Defences in Double Harness" in P.R. Glazebrook, ed., Reshaping the Criminal Law: Essays in honour of Glanville Williams, London: Stevens & Sons, 1978, xii, 492 p., at pp. 138-153, ISBN: 042045540X;

GOODWIN, Merrilee L., "Parricide: States are Beginning to Recognize that Abused Children who Kill their Parents Should be Afforded the Right to Assert a Claim of Self-defense", (1995-96) 25 South Western University Law Review 429-450; copy at Ottawa University, KFC 69 .S697 Location: FTXPeriodicals;

GORMAN, Linda and Kopel, David B., "Self-Defense: The Equalizer", (Winter 2000) 15(4). Forum for Applied Research & Public Policy 92-100, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=742716 (accessed on 21 March 2008);

GOUSIE, Monique M., Comments, "From Self-Defense to Coercion: McMaugh v. State: Use of Battered Woman's Syndrome to Defend Wife's Involvement in Third-Party Murder", (1993) 28(2) New England Law Review 453-481, copy at Ottawa University, KFM 2469 .N49 Location: FTX Periodicals;

GRABCZYNSKA, Arlette and Kimberley Kessler Ferzan, "Book Review: Fiona Leverick, Killing in Self-Defence (Oxford University Press 2006) 217 PP", (2009) 99(1) The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 235-253; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1406987 (accessed on 22 May 2009);

GRAFF, Sunny, "Battered Women, Dead Husbands: A Comparative Study of Justification and Excuse in American and West German Law", (1988) 10 Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal 1-55. Research Note: very good article that could significantly help battered women if policy makers would read it and understand it;

GRAMIZZI, Claudio, "Réforme de la loi sur la légitime défense en Italie. Vers une nouvelle version des Western-Spaghetti?", Bruxelles: GRIPP (Groupe de recherche et d'information sur la paix et la sécurité), 26 janvier 2006; disponible à http://www.grip.org/bdg/g4593.html (vérifié le 16 décembre 2008);

Le projet de loi sur la légitime défense présenté par le député On. Luciano Dussin a finalement été adopté par le Parlement italien le 24 janvier dernier.

b) ses biens ou ceux d’autrui, lorsque le(s) cambrioleur(s) ne renonce(nt) pas à son délit et qu'il existe un danger d’agression.

GRANT, Michael, "Self-defence in South Australia: a Subjective Dilemma", (1994) 16 Adelaide Law Review 309-330;

GREEN, Stuart P., "Castles and Carjackers: Proportionality and the Use of Deadly Force in Defense of Dwellings and Vehicles", [1999] University of Illinois Law Review 1-41; abstract at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=123890; copy at Ottawa University, KFI 1269 .I55 Location: FTX Periodicals;

GREEN, Thomas A., "The Jury and the English Law of Homicide, 1200-1600", (1975-76) 74 Michigan Law Review 414-499; Research Note: see Green's thesis in Part I of this bibliography;

___________"Societal Concepts of Criminal Liability for Homicide in Medieval England", (1972) 47 Speculum 669-694;

GREENAWALT, Kent, "Distinguishing Justifications from Excuses", (1986) 49 Law and Contemporary Problems 89-108;

___________ "Justifications, Excuses, and a Model Penal Code for Democratic Societies", (Winter/Spring 1998) Criminal Justice Ethics 14-28;

___________"The Perplexing Borders of Justification and Excuse", (1984) 84 Columbia Law Review 1897-1927; also published in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York): Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, ISBN: 0929179226, p. 263; also published in Michael Louis Corrado, ed., Justification and Excuse in the Criminal Law: A Collection of Essays, New York, Garland Pub., 1994, pp. 341-376, ISBN: 0815308256 (series; vol. 831, Garland Reference Library of Social Science; vol. 1, Garland Studies in Applied Ehics);

___________"A Vice of Its Virtues: The Perils of Precision in Criminal Codification, as Illustrated by Retreat, General Justification, and Dangerous Utterances", (1987-88) 19 Rutgers Law Journal 929-950, see "II. Self-Defense: Retreat and the Innocent Aggressor" at pp.932-937;

__________"Violence - Legal Justification and Moral Appraisal", (1983) 32 Emory Law Journal 437-497;

GREENE, Edith, Allan Raitz and heidi Lindblad, "Jurors' Knowledge of Battered Women", (1989) 4 Journal of Family Violence 105-125; copy at Ottawa University, HQ 809 .J68 Location: MRT Periodicals;

GREENE, J., "A Provocation Defence for Battered Women Who Kill?", (1989-90) 12 Adelaide Law Review 145-163;

GREENWALD, Jessica P., Alan J. Tomkins, Mary Kenning and Denis Zavodny, "Psychological Self-Defense Jury Instructions: Influence on Verdicts for Battered Women Defendants", (1990) 8 Behavioral Sciences and the Law 171-180; copy at Ottawa University, RC321 .B42 Location: PFTX Periodicals;

GRISEZ, Germain G., "Toward a Consistent Natural-Law Ethics of Killing", (1970) 15 The American Journal of Jurisprudence [formely Natural Law Forum] 64-96;

GROSS, Emanuel, "Discussion Report [Israel-Germany Bi-national Colloquium on Reform of Criminal Law], (1996) 30 Israel Law Review 340-346, see at p. 344;

GROSSMAN, Dave, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, Boston: Little, Brown, 1995, xxxiv, 366 p., ISBN: 0316330000 and 0316330116 (pbk.); copy at the Library of Parliament, U22.3 G76;

GROSSO, Carlo Federico, "Rapport italien: le principe Nul ne peut se faire justice à soi-même et ses exceptions en droit italien" dans Travaux de l'Association Henri Capitant des amis de la culture juridique française, tome 28, 1966, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1969, pp. 211-222;

GROUSIE, Monique M., "From Self-Defence to Coercion: McMaugh v. State Use of Battered Woman's Syndrome to Defend Wife's Involvement in Third-party Murder", (1993-94) 28 New England Law Review 453-482;

GRUMER, Janet, "IX. Self-Defense", (2002-2003) 36 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 1575-1595; note: Part IX of the article "Developments in California Homicide Law", at pp. 1371-1626; copy at Ottawa University, KFC 69 .L69 Location: FTX Periodicals;

GUIORA, Amos, "Targeted Killing as Active Self-Defense", (2004) 36 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 319-335; international law;

GUR-ARYE, Miriam, "Should a Criminal Code Distinguish Between Justification and Excuse?", (1992) 5 Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 215-235;

___________"Should the Criminal Law Distinguish Between Necessity as A Justification and Necessity as an Excuse?", (1986) 102 Law Quarterly Review 71-89;

HALBROOK, Stephen P., "The Second Amendment as a Phenomenon of Classical Political Philosophy" in Don B. Kates Jr., ed., Firearms and violence : issues of public policy, San Francisco, Calif.: Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research; Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1984, xxxiii, 571 p., at pp. 363-383 (Chapter 13) (series; Pacific studies in public policy), ISBN: 0884109283 ; 0884109291 (pbk.) ; 0884109224 (Ballinger); 0884109232 (Ballinger, pbk.); copy at Ottawa University, HV 7436 .F47 1984 MRT;

HALL, John C., "Deadly Force in Defense of Life", (August 1993) vol. 62, number 8 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 27-32;

HAMON, Rachel, "A Justification Theory of Police Violence", Northwestern University Law Review, forthcoming 2008?, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1129022 (accessed on 11 May 2008);

HARDY, David T., "The Unalieble Right to Self-Defense and the Second Amendment (Unalieble Rights and the Bill of Rights)", (1989) Journal of Christian Jurisprudence 87-110. Research Note: in Canada, this legal review is only available at Dalhousie University Faculty of Law Library, Halifax, Nova Scotia;

HAREL, Alon, "Efficiency and Fairness in Criminal Law: The Case for a Criminal Law Principle of Comparative Fault", (1994) 82 California Law Review 1181-1229, see "The 'No-Retreat' Rule", at pp. 1217-1219;

HARLOW, Carol, "Self-Defence: Public Right or Private Privilege", [1974] Criminal Law Review 528-538;

HARVIE, Robert G., "Self-Defence and the Battered Spouse", (1993) 18(2) Law Now 22-24 (August 1996);

HASDAY, Lisa R., "What the Violence Against Women Act Forgot: A Call for Women's Self-Defense", (2001) 13(2) Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 175-193; copy at Ottawa University, KF 477 .A15 Y34, Location: FTX Periodicals;

HASSEMER, Winfried, "Justification and Excuse in Criminal Law: Theses and Comments", [1986] Brigham Young University Law Review 573-609; one of the best articles written on the distinction between justifications and excuses;

HATCHARD, John, "Killing in Defence of the Person or Prevention of Crime: A Zambian Perspective", (1981) 13 Zambia Law Journal 25-34;

HAUT, Irwin, "Self-Help in Jewish Law: Literary and Legal Analysis", (1993-94) 17 Diné Israel 55-102?; could be in hebrew; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (9 February 2003);

HEARNE, Thomas H., "Criminal Law: - Self-Defense and the Right to Resist an Unlawful Arrest State v. Nunes [546 S.W. 2d 759 (Mo.App. D.K.C. 1977]", (1978) 43 Missouri Law Review 744-754;

HEBERLING, Peter D.W., "Notes: Justification: The Impact of the Model Penal Code on Statutory Reform", (1975) 75 Brigham Young University Law Review Columbia Law Review 914-962;

HELLER, Kevin Jon, "Beyond the Reasonable Man? A Sympathetic but Critical Assessment of the Use of Subjective Standards of Reasonableness in Self-Defense and Provocation Cases", (1998) 26 American Journal of Criminal Law 1-120;

HEMENWAY, David, "Survey Research and Self-defense Gun Use: An Explanation of Extreme Overestimates", (1997) 87 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1430-1445; available at http://www.saf.org/LawReviews/Hemenway1.htm (accessed on 9 February 2003); Research Note: this article is in reply to the article by Kleck and Gertz, infra;

HEMMENS, Craig, "Resisting Unlawful Arrest in Mississippi: Resisting the Modern Trend”, (July 2000) 2 California Criminal Law 2; available at http://www.boalt.org/bjcl/v2/v2hemmens.PDF (accessed on 1 May 2005);

___________ "Self-Defense as a Defense to Criminal Liability", in Richard A. Wright and J. Mitchell Miller, eds., Encyclopedia of Criminology, Scarborough : Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2004, vol. 3, at p. 1482 ; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, HV 61017 E53 2005 REF;

HEMMENS, Craig and Daniel Levin, "Resistance Is Futile: The Right to Resist Unlawful Arrest in an Era of Aggressive Policing", (October 2000) 46(4) Crime and Delinquency 472-496;

HENRY, H.H., Annotation, "Admissibility of evidence as to other's character or reputation for turbulence on question of self-defense by one charged with assault or homicide", (1965) 1 ALR 3d 571-604; see also the Supplement Issue of June 2002 at pp. 8-32;

HERNDON, Roy L., "Retreat from Deadly Force", (1929) 9 Oregon Law Review 469-474;

HERRMANN, Joachim., "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: The Multifaceted Approach of German Law", [1986] Brigham Young University Law Review 747-767; also published in Albin Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York), Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, ISBN: 0929179226, pp. 745-774;

HIGGINS, Vanessa and A.J.A., "Self-defence Murder -- self-induced intoxication -- mistaken belief as to threat -- mistake caused by intoxication -- reasonableness of belief -- whether defendant raising issue of self-defence to charge of murder entitled to be judged on basis of what he mistakenly believed to be the situation where mistaken belief brought about by self-induced intoxication … R v Hatton Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)…", [April 2006] Criminal Law Review 353-356; the case is reported by Vanessa at pp. 353-355 and the commentary by A.J.A. is at pp. 355-356;

HIRSCHMANN, Nancy J., "Abortion, Self-Defense, and Involuntary Servitude", (2003-2004) 13 Texas Journal of Women & the Law 41-54;

HOCHANADEL, Mark and Harry W. Stege, Notes and Comments, "The Right to Resist an Unlawful Arrest: An Out-Dated Concept?", (1966) 3 Tulsa Law Journal 40-49;

__________"The Killing Ground: 1964-73", [1974] Criminal Law Review 387-401, on self-defence, see pp. 397-398;

HOLLAND, W.H., "Excessive Force in Self Defence", paper prepared for the Department of Justice Canada, Criminal Law Review, March 1985, 41 p.;

HORDER, Jeremy, "Cognition, Emotion, and Criminal Culpability", (1990) 106 The Law Quarterly Review 469-486;

___________"Killing the Passive Abuser: A Theoretical Defence" in Stephen Shute, 1955-, and A.P. Simester, eds., Criminal Law Theory : Doctrines of the General Part, New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, c2002, 332 p. at pp. 283-297, ISBN: 0199243492 (series; Oxford monographs; Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, call number: K5018 C77 2002;

___________"On the Irrelevance of Motive in Criminal Law" in Jeremy Horder, ed., Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence, Fourth Series, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, [ix], 270 p., Essay 9 at pp. 173-191, ISBN: 0198268580;

___________"Review Article: Redrawing the Boundaries of Self-Defence: Suzanne Uniacke, Permissible Killing: The Self-Defense Justification for Homicide", (1995) 58 Modern Law Review 431-442;

___________"Self-Defence, Necessity and Duress: Understanding the Relationship", (1998) 16 Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 143-165;

HOROWITZ, Tamara, "`Private Tyranny' and the Rational Person Standard", (1996) 57 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 819-824 ("Symposium: Self-Defense and Relations of Domination: Moral and Legal Perspectives on Battered Women Who Kill");

HORTON, Mark R., "Criminal Law - Whether a Defendant's Claim of Victim Aggresiveness Is an Essential Element of the Defense of Self-Defense: State v. Baca I & II", (1994) 24 The University of New Mexico School of Law 449-461;

HOULOU, Alain, "Le droit pénal chez Saint Augustin", (1974) 52 Revue historique de droit français et étranger 5-29. Note de recherche : sur la légitime défense, voir les pp. 12-13;

HOWARD, Colin, "“An Australian Letter – Excessive Defence”, [1964] Criminal Law Review 448-454;

___________"Two Problems in Excessive Defence", (1968) 84 Law Quarterly Review 343-361;

HUBBLE, Gail, "Feminism and the Battered Woman: The Limits of Self-Defence in the Context of Domestic Violence", (1997) 9 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 113-124. Research Note: bibliography at pp. 123-124;

___________"Self-Defence and Domestic Violence: A Reply to Bradfield", (1999) 6 Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 51-56; this article in reply to Bradfield, supra;

HUFFMAN, Tom L., "Abortion, Moral Responsibility, and Self-Defense", (1993) 7 Public Affairs Quarterly 287- 302;

HUGHES III, Jefferson D., "The Right to Resist Unlawful Arrest", (1977-78) 38 Louisiana Law Review 840-849;

HUMBERT, Michel, "La peine en droit romain" dans La peine, Première partie: Antiquité / Punishment - First Part: Antiquity, Bruxelles: De Boeck Université, 1991, 199 p., aux pp. 133-183, sur la légitime défense, voir les pp. 159-160 et 174-175 (Collection; Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l'histoire comparative des institutions; vol. 55), (series; Transactions of the Jean Bodin Society for Comparative Institutional History; vol. 55), ISBN: 2804115232;

HURD, Heidi M., "Justifiably Punishing the Justified", (1992) 90 Michigan Law Review 2203-2324; Research Note: on self-defence, see pp. 2308-2312;

HUSAK, Douglas N., 1948-, "Conflicts of Justifications", (1999) 18 Law and Philosophy 41-68;

___________"The Complete Guide to Self-Defence", (1996) 15 Law and Philosophy 399-406. Research Note: the article comments on the book by Suzanne Uniacke, Permissible Killing: the Self-Defence Justification of Homicide, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994;

___________"Justifications and the Criminal Liability of Accessories", (1989) 80 Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 491-520;

___________"The Serial View of Criminal Law Defenses", (1992) 3 Criminal Law Forum 369-400;

HUSS, Alphonse, "Rapport sur le principe ‘Nul ne peut se faire justice à soi-même' en droit pénal luxembourgeois" dans Travaux de l'Association Henri Capitant des amis de la culture juridique française, tome 28, 1966, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1969, pp. 229-233;

JACOBS, J. David, "Privileges for the Use of Deadly Force Against a Residence-Intruder: A Comparison of the Jewish Law and the United States Common Law", (1990) 63 Temple Law Review 31-59;

IRELAND, Law Reform Commission, "Summary of Irish Law -- Irish Law Reform Commission: Provocation, Diminished Responsibility and Excessive [Self-] Defence", being Appendix C in The Law Commission, Overseas Studies, which is part of the Appendices to the consultation paper, Partial Defences to Murder, 31 October 2003, xiii, 249 p. (series; consultation paper; number 173); this study of the Irish Law Reform Commission, at pp. 98-124, is available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/files/cp173apps.pdf (accessed on 28 April 2005); see also Appendix G, "Relevant Statutory Provisions and Proposed Provisions";

JACKSON, Bernard S., Theft in early Jewish law, Oxford [Eng.] Clarendon Press, 1972, xviii, 316 p., see "Measures of Self-Help" at pp. 203-223 (Chapter 9); copy at Ottawa University, Morisset Library - KL 176 .J325 1972;

JAMES, Charles, "The Queensbury Rules of Self Defence", (1972) 21 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 357-361;

JAMES, Jennifer R., Comment, "Turning the Tables: Redefining Self-Defense Theory for Children who Kill Abusive Parents", (1994) 18 Law and Psychology Review 393; title noted in my research but article not read yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries;

JEFFERSON, Michael, Comment, "Householders and the Use of Force against Intruders", (2005) 69(5) The Journal of Criminal Law 405-413;

JESCHECK, Hans-Heinrich, "The doctrine of mens rea in German criminal law - its historical background and present state" (1975) 8 Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 112-120;

___________"Droit pénal - Procédure pénale", traduction et adaptation de Alfred Rieg, sous la direction de Michel Fromont et Alfred Rieg, Introduction au droit allemand: République fédérale, tome 2, Droit public - Droit pénal, Paris : Éditions Cujas, 1984, pp. 253-337, voir en particulier la "légitime défense" aux pp. 269-270; "la conscience de l'illécéité" à la p. 272; et les "excuses absolutoires" aux pp. 272-273, ISBN: 2254840308;

J.H.W., Student Notes and Recent Cases, "Criminal Law -- "Self defense -- Defense of Another", (1924-26) 31 West Virginia Law Quarterly 74-75; copy at Ottawa University, KFW 1269 .W46 Location: FTX Periodicals;

JIMENEZ DE ASUA, Luis, "L'antijuridicité", (1951) 22 Revue internationale de droit pénal 273-318;

JOHNSON, Conrad, "Responsibility" in Conrad Johnson, ed., The Philosophy of Law, New York, New York : Macmillan Pub. Co. and Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan, Canada, c1993, xii, 708 p., at pp. 635-646, see "self-defence at pp. 641-642, ISBN: 0023609354;

JOHNSON, Edward Perry, "Criminal Law - Self-Defence - Justification Needed for Use of Deadly Force", (1966-67) 69 West Virginia Law Review361-364;

JOHNSON, Michael V., "Comments: Defensive Physical Force: How Much Is Too Much?", (1972) 51 Oregon Law Review 579-587;

JOLOWICZ, J.A., "Grounds of Justification -- English Law", in Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité (1984: Gand, Belgique), Limpens, Jean, 1910-1979, Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé, In memoriam Jean Limpens : Studiedagen aansprakelijkheidsrecht, Gent, 23-24 maart 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Journées d'études sur le droit de la responsabilité, Gent, 23-24 mars 1984 = In memoriam Jean Limpens : Symposium on Civil Liability, Gent, 23-24 March 1984, Antwerpen : Kluwer rechtswetenschappen, 1987, xxvii, 311 p., at pp. 223-248, and see "Necessary Defence", at pp. 227-228 and "Self-Help", at pp. 240-244 (series; Interuniversitair Centrum voor Rechtsvergelijking; 12), (Collection; Centre interuniversitaire de droit comparé; 12), ISBN: 9063212879; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K923 Z9 I56 1987; civil law but useful for researchers;

JOVASEVIC, Dragan, "Human Rights in Light of Necessary Defence in Criminal Law of Serbia and Montenegro", (18 October 2005) 1(2) Free Law Journal 7-14; available at (accessed on 10 December 2006);

J.T.B., Jr., Annotation, "Admissibility of evidence as to other's character or reputation for turbulence on question of self-defense by one charged with assault or homicide", (1929) 64 ALR 1029-1047;

"Justification for the Use of Force in the Criminal Law", (1960-61) 13 Stanford Law Review 566-608 (no author);

KADISH, Sanford H., "Fifty Years of Criminal Law", (1999) 87 California Law Review 945-982, see "the Battered Woman Syndrome" at pp. 977-978;

____________"Respect for Life and Regard for Rights in Criminal Law", (1976) 64 California Law Review 871-901; also published in Sanford H. Kadish, Blame and Punishment: Essays in the Criminal Law, New York: MacMillan Publishing Company and London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1987, viii, 328 p., chapter 4 at pp. 109-132;

KAHAN, Dan M., "The Secret Ambition of Deterrence", (1999) 115 Harvard Law Review 413-500; see pp. 429-435 on the retreat issue;

KAHAN, Dan M., and Donald Braman, "The Self-defensive Cognition of Self-Defence" (2008) 45(1) American Criminal Law Review 1-65;

KAHAN, Dan M. and Martha C. Nussbaum, "Two Conceptions of Emotion in Criminal Law", (1996) 96 Columbia Law Review 269-374. Research Note: on self-defence, see pp. 327-333;

KAPPEL, Sybille and Erika Leuteritz, "Wife Battering in the Federal Republic of Germany", (1980) 5 Victimology 225-239;

KASACHKOFF, Tziporah, "Killing in Self-Defense an Unquestionable or Problematic Defense?", (1998) 17 Law and Philosophy 509-531;

KASIAN, Marilyn, Nicholas P. Spanos, Cheryl A. Terrance and Suzanne Peebles, "Battered Women Who Kill: Jury Simulation and Legal Defenses", (1993) 17(3) Law and Human Behavior 289-312;

KATES, Don B., "Handgun Prohibition and the Original Meaning of the Second Amendment", (1984) 82 Michigan Law Review 204-273; copy at Ottawa University, KFM 4269 .M52 Location, FTX Periodicals;

___________"The Second Amendment and the Ideology of Self-protection", (1992) 9 Constitutional Commentary 87-104;

KATHEDER, Thomas, “ Criminal Law – Lovers and Other Strangers: Or, When Is a House a Castle? – Privilege of Non-Retreat in the Home Held Inapplicable to Legal Co-Occupants – State V. Bobbitt, 415 So. 2d 724 (Fla. 1982)” in Johann and Osanka, eds., Representing…Battered Women Who Kill, Charles C. Thomas, 1989, xxi, 393 p., at pp. 237-257; copy at Ottawa University, KF 9235 .R46 1989 MRT; also published at (1983) 11 Florida State University Law Review 465-485;

KATZ, Leo, "Villainy and Felony: A Problem Concerning Criminalization", (2002) 1 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 451-482; self-defence is discussed in conjunction with the author's article thesis;

KAUFMAN, Whitley, "Is There a 'Right' to Self-Defense?", (Winter/Spring 2004) 23(1) Criminal Justice Ethics 20-32;

___________"Torture and the 'Distributive Justice' Theory of Self-Defense An Assessment", (March 2008) 22(1) Ethics & International Affairs 93-115,

KAUFMAN, Whitley R.P., et al., "Self-Defense, Imminence, and the Battered Woman", in Paul H. Robinson, Stephen P. Garvey and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan, eds., Criminal Law Conversations, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, xxvii, 732 p., Chapter 19, at pp. 407-426, ISBN: 9780195391633 and 0195391632; copy at Fauteux, K5018 .C753 2009;
Table of Contents
- Whitley R.P. Kaufman, Self-Defense, Imminence, and the Battered Woman, 407-415;
Comments
- Gideon Yaffe -- The Real Link Between Imminence and Necessity, 415;
- Marcia Baron -- In Defense of the Proxy ThesisWhy Causal Responsibility Matters, 417;
- Kimberly Kessler Ferzan -- Can't Sue; Can Kill, 419;
- Joan H. Krause -- Imminence Reconsidered: Are Battered Women Different?, 420;
- Jeremy Horder -- the "Imminence" Requirement, Battered Women, and the Authority to Strike Back, 422;
Reply
- Whitley R.P. Kaufman, 424;

KAUFMANN, Armin, "Problems of Cognition in Legal Science with Reference to Penal Law", (1970) 1 Law and State 18-29;

KAYE, Anders, "Dangerous Places: The Right to Self-Defense in Prison and Prison Conditions Jurisprudence", (1996) 63 University of Chicago Law Review 693-726;

KAYE, J.M., "Early History of Murder and Manslaughter", (1967) 83 Law Quarterly Review 365-395 and 569-601;

KAYE, Miranda, "Excessive Force in Self-Defence after R v Clegg", (1997) 61 The Journal of Criminal Law 448-457;

KEAN, A.W.G., "The History of the Criminal Liability of Children", (1937) 53 The Law Quarterly Review 364-370, see p. 365;

KEHRIG, Stanislas, "La mesure de la défense", (1979) Gazette du Palais 1, Doctrine 269-272;

KELMAN, Mark, "Interpretative Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law", (1980-81) 33 Stanford Law Review 591-673, see "Imperfect self-defense" at pp. 616-618;

KIFT, Sally, "Contemporary Comment: Defending the Indefensible: The Indefatigable Queensland Criminal Code Provisions on Self-Defence", (2001) 25(1) Criminal Law Journal 28-39;

KIM, Janine Young, "The Rhetoric of Self-Defense", (Fall 2008) 13(2) Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law 261; Marquette Law School Legal Studies Paper No. 08-25, 2008, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1288142; see http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1288142 (accessed on 29 August 2009);

KINPORTS, Kit., "Defending Battered Women's Self-Defense Claims", (1988) 67 Oregon Law Review 393-465;

__________"So Much Activity, so Little Change: A Reply to the Critics of Battered Women's Self-Defense", (2004) 23 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 155-191; copy at Ottawa University, KF 5401 .A15 P82 Location, FTX Periodicals

KLAMI, Hannu Tapani, "Defence and Self-Defence: A Structural Analysis of Legal Argumentation" (1991) 4(10) International Journal for the Semiotics of Law / Revue internationale de sémiotique juridique 19-44; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries (13 February 2003);

KLANSKY, Nadine, "Comment: Bernard Goetz, A 'Reasonable Man': A Look at New York's: Justification Defense People v. Goetz", (1987-88) 53 Brooklyn Law Review 1149-1169;

KLECK, Gary and Marc Gertz, "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun", (1995-96) 86 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 150-187; Research Note: see the reply to this article by Hemenway, supra; available at http://www.guncite.com/gcdgklec.html `(accessed on 9 February 2003);

KLEISS, Mary K., "A New Understanding of Specific Act Evidence in Homicide Cases Where the Accused Claims Self-Defense: Striking the Proper Balance in Competing Policy Goals" , (1999) 32 Indiana Law Review 1437-1491;

KOPEL, David B., "The Natural Right of Self-Defense: Heller's Lesson for the World", July 23, 2008; Syracuse Law Review, Vol. 58, 2008. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1172255; see http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1172255 (accessed on 19 January 2009);

___________"The Self-Defense Cases: How the United States Supreme Court Confronted a Hanging Judge in the Nineteenth Century and Taught Some Lessons for Jurisprudence in the Twenty-First", (2000) 27(3) American Journal of Criminal Law 293-327; copy at Ottawa University, KF 9202 .A427 Location: FTX Periodicals; available at http://www.davekopel.com/2A/LawRev/Self-Defense-Cases.htm (accessed on 28 July 2005);

___________"The Torah and Self-Defense", (Summer 2004) 109(1) Penn State Law Review 17-42; copy at the University of Ottawa, KFP 69 .F67 Location: FTX Periodicals; available at http://www.davekopel.com/2A/LawRev/The-Torah-and-Self-defense.pdf (accessed on 28 July 2005);

KOPEL, David B., Paul Gallant, and Joanne D. Eisen, "The Human Right of Self-Defense", (Fall 2007) The BYU Journal of Public Law 43-178; available at http://www.law2.byu.edu/jpl/Vol22.1/Kopel.pdf (accessed on 15 March 2008); important contribution, e.g. history of self-defence with important authors through time;

KOUAMÉ, Thierry, "Légitime défense du corps et légitime défense des biens chez les Glossateurs (XII^e-XIII^e)", dans F. Foronda, Ch. Barralis et B. Sère, éd., Violences souveraines au Moyen Âge, Travaux d'une école historique, Paris, 2010, pp. 19-27;

KOVACS, Dorothy, "Excessive Self Defence in Homicide Cases: Some Fundamental Problems in Australian Law", (1977) 4 Monash University Law Review 50-70;

KOVANDZIC, Tomislav, Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz, "Defensive Gun Use: Vengeful Vigilante Imagery Versus Reality: Results from the National Self-Defense Survey", (1998) 26 Journal of Criminal Justice 251-258;

KRAUSE, Joan H., "Distorted Reflections of Battered Women Who Kill: A Response to Professor Dressler", (2007) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 555-572;

KREMNITZER, Mordechai, "Proportionality and the Psychotic Aggressor: Another view", (1983) 18 Israel Law Review 178-214;

KREMNITZER, Mordechai, and Khalid Ghanayim, "Proportionality and the Aggressor's Culpability in Self-Defense", (Summer 2004) 39(4) Tulsa Law Review 875-899; available as Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1029361 (accessed on 16 November 2007);

KREMNITZER, Mordechai, Doron Menashe and Khalid Ghanayim, "The Use of Lethal Force by Police", (September 2007) 53(1) The Criminal Law Quarterly 67-97;

KROPP, P. Randall and Stephen D. Hart, "Assessing Risk of Violence in Wife Assaulters" in Christopher D. Webster and Margaret A. Jackson, eds., Impulsivity: Theory Assessment, and Treatment, New York: Guilford Press, 1987, xvii, 462 p., at pp. 302-325, ISBN: 1572302259;

KUHN, Kimberly B., "Battered Woman Syndrome Testimony: Dunn v. Roberts, Justice is Done by the Expansion of the Battered Woman Syndrome",
(1993-94) 25 University of Toledo Law Review 1039-1065; copy at Ottawa University, KFO 69 .U55, Location: FTX Periodicals;

KUTZ, Christopher, "Self-Defense and Political Justification", (2000) 88 California Law Review 751-778;