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by / par ©François Lareau, 2002-, Ottawa, Canada

Selected Bibliography on Intention
in Criminal Law
(with some elements of philosophy)
Part II: L-Z
Bibliographie choisie sur l'intention
en droit pénal
(avec des éléments de philosophie)
___________________________
See also the following bibliographies / voir aussi les bibliographies suivantes:

•  Intention - Part I: A-K

•  Mens rea in Canadian Law/
   Mens rea en droit canadien

•  Motive in Criminal Law / Le mobile/motif en droit pénal

•  Negligence in Comparative Criminal Law (excluding Canadian Law)/
    La négligence en droit pénal comparé (autre que le droit canadien)
-------------------------------------

"In short: intention is to know and to will an act or a result."
(C.R. Snyman, Criminal Law, Durban: Butterworths, 1984, p. 154)

LABORDE, A., "De l'élément moral dans les infractions non intentionnelles", (1885) 24ième année, 14 Revue critique de législation et de jurisprudence 256-268; 

LABORDE-LACOSTE, Marcel, "Le but de l'agent, élément constitutif de l'infraction", (1926) Revue internationale de droit pénal 125; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article pas encore consulté;
 

LACEY, Nicola, "A Clear Concept of Intention: Elusive or Illusory?", (1993) 56 The Modern Law Review 621-642; see reply by Horder, "Intention in the Criminal Law - A Rejoinder", supra;
 

____________"In(de)terminable Intentions", (1995) 58 Modern Law Review 692-695;
 

___________“In Search of the Responsible Subject: History, Philosophy and Social Sciences in Criminal Law Theory”, (2001) 64 The Modern Law Review 350-371;
 

LAGRANGE SOCCORO, Enrique, Le délit préterintentionnel et son application en droit vénézuelienl, thèse, Université de Paris, Droit, 1962, 3, 96 feuilles; titre noté dans mes recherches mais thèse non consultée; aucune copie de cette thèse dans les bibliothèques canadiennes comprises dans le catalogue AMICUS de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (vérification du 9 janvier 2006);

LAING, J.A. (Jacqueline Anne), "“Innocence and Consequentialism” in  D. S. Oderberg and Jacqueline A. Laing, eds.,  Human Lives: Critical Essays on Consequentialist Bioethics, eds., London: Macmillan, 1997,  at pp. 196-224. ISBN 0-333-62980-9, ISBN 0-312 16099-2

__________ Intention and culpability : concerning certain doubts about the role of intention in the criminal law,  Thesis (D. Phil.), Brasenose College, University of Oxford, 1996, vi, 275 leaves,  BLDSC reference no.: D192420/97;
 

__________"The Prospects of a Theory of Criminal Culpability: Mens Rea and Methodological Doubts", (1994) 14 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 57-80;
 

LAINGUI, André, "Le droit pénal canonique, source de l'ancien droit pénal laïc" dans Églises et pouvoir politique: Actes des journées internationales d'histoire du droit d'Angers, 30 mai - 1er juin 1985,  Angers: Presses Universitaires d'Angers, 477 p., 1987 aux pp. 213-232, voir "Le dol prétérintentionnel" aux pp. 217-219, note: "Volume publié avec le concours de la Société d'histoire du droit et du Conseil général de Maine-et-Loire);
 

___________La responsabilté pénale dans l'ancien droit: XVIe-XVIIIe siècle, Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1970, xii, 367 p., voir "La volonté coupable" aux pp. 24-106,  (Collection; Bibliothèque d'histoire du droit et droit romain sous la direction de P.-C. Timbal; tome XVII); importante contribution;
 

LAIRG, Irvine of (The Right Honourable The Lord Irvine of Lairg, Lord Chancelor), "Address - Intention, Recklessness and Moral Blameworthiness: Reflections on the English and Australian Law of Criminal Culpability", (2001) 23 The Sydney Law Review 5-18; available at  http://www.usyd.edu.au/sesqui/auspeech.pdf  (accessed on 31 July 2002);
 

LANHAM, D., "Murder, Recklessness and Grievous Bodily Harm", [1978] 2 Criminal Law Journal 255-272;
 

___________"Wilful Blindness and the Criminal Law", (1985) 9 Criminal Law Journal 261-269;
 

LAREAU, François, Bibliography on mens rea in Canadian Law / Bibliographie sur la mens rea en droit canadien
 

___________Bibliography on Criminal Negligence in Comparative Law / Bibliographie sur la négigence criminelle en droit comparé
 

___________The Distinction between Conscious Negligence and Recklessness
 

LAYLIN, Clarence E. and Alonzo H. Tuttle, "Due Process and Punishment", (1921-22) 20 Michigan Law Review 614-645;
 

LAW COMMISSION, THE, Codification of the Criminal Law, General principles, The Mental Element in Crime,  London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO), 1970, 65 p., (series; working Paper, 31); copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KD 654 .A255 V.31;
 

___________Codification of the Criminal Law: Strict Liability and the Enforcement of the Factories Act 1961, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1970, 66 p., (series; working paper; 30); copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KD 654 .A255 V.30; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; copy missing from the library;
 

___________Imputed criminal intent (Director of Public Prosecutions v. Smith) / laid before Parliament by the Lord High Chancellor, London: HMSO, 1967, 17 p. (series; Law Commission; 10); copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KD 654 .A25 v.10 1967;

___________Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide, London: TSO (The Stationery Office), 2006, x, 265 p. (series; Law Com; 304), available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/lc304.pdf (accessed on 4 December 2006);

___________A New Homicide Act for England and Wales?, London: [HMSO], 2005, xiii,  336 p.; available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/cp177_web.pdf  (accessed on 27 December 2005);
 

___________Report on the Mental Element in Crime, London: HMSO, 1978, 71 p. (series; report, no. 89);
 

LAW REFORM COMMISSION, IRELAND, Homicide: The Mental Element in Murder, Dublin: The Law Reform Commission, 2001, ix, 97 p. (series; consultation paper; number 17); available at  http://www.gov.ie/lawreform/publications/cphom.htm;
 

LAW REFORM COMMISSIONER, VICTORIA,  Murder: mental element and punishment, [Melbourne] : The Commissioner, [1984], 52 p. (series; working paper; no. 8);
 

LAWSON, Robert G., "Kentucky Penal Code: The Culpable Mental States and Related Matters", (1972-73) 61 Kentucky Law Journal 657-707;
 

LEADER-ELLIOTT, Ian D., "Benthamite Reflections on Codification of the General Principles of Criminal Liability: Towards the Panopticon", (2005-2006) 9 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 391-452;

__________"Elements of Liability in the Commonwealth Criminal Code", (2002) 26(1) 26 Criminal Law Journal 28-41; Table of Contents: "Code and common law: antagonism and reconciliation...29; An overview of the Commonwealth Criminal Code...31; The elements of an offence...33; Fault and Presumptions of Fault...34; Fault and grades of culpability: threshold and staircase...36; Element analysis in the Code: an application of the principles...37; Three concluding reflections...39";

"[Summary] Commonwealth criminal law is now substantially codified.  Chapter 2 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code provides an exhaustive statement of the principles of criminal responsibility in federal offences.  The article which follows provides an introduction to Chapter 2, with illustrations of the structure of criminal offences under the Code.  It concludes with a brief examination of three areas of potential strain in the development of a Code jurisprudence." (p. 28)

___________"Elements of Liability in the Commonwealth Criminal Code", AIJA Magistrate's Conference, 20-21 July 2001, Melbourne, Australia, 16 p.; available at  http://www.aija.org.au/Mag01/Leader-Elliott.pdf (accessed on 15 August 2003);
 

__________Case and Comment, "NARONGTAI SERENGSAI-OR [2004] NSWLLA 108 ... HANN V COMMONWEALTH DPP -- DIRECTOR OF CUSTOMS (2004) 144 A Crim R. 534...Commonwealth Criminal Code -- Fault Elements -- Importing Heroin -- Importing Child Pornography -- He Kaw Teh resurgent -- Intention and Recklessness", (2005) 29(1) Criminal Law Journal 55-60; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada; copy at the University of Ottawa, KTA 0 .C735 Location FTX Periodicals;

___________"Fault Elements in Murder -- A Summary of Australian Law -- Draft Memorandum to Jeremy Horder, Law Commissioner,  November 2005, in The Law Commission,  The Law of Murder: Overseas  Comparative Studies, [London: HMSO, 2005], at pp. 2-21;  available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/comparative_studies.pdf (accessed on 27 December 2005);
 

___________"Negotiating Intentions in Trials of Guilt and Punishment" in Ngaire Naffine, Rosemary Owens and John Williams, eds., Intention in Law and Philosophy, Aldershot; Burlington, VT :  Ashgate/Dartmouth, c2001, xiii, 377 p. at pp. 73-105 (series; Applied legal philosophy), ISBN: 0754621715; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K272 .I58 2001;

___________"Recklessness in Murder", (1981) 5 Criminal Law Journal  84-88;
 

___________"Recklessness and Murder - The Facts of the Case", (1986) 10 Criminal Law Journal 359-375;
 

LEAHY, R.L., "The child's conception of mens rea: Information mitigating punishment judgments", (1979) 134 The Journal of Genetic Psychology 71-78; copy at Ottawa University, BF 699 .P43  Location: MRT Periodicals (some older issues are in storage); not entirely on point but useful for the researcher;
 

LEBIGRE, Arlette, Quelques aspects de la responsabilité pénale en droit romain classique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1967, viii, 126 p., voir le Chapitre 4, "L'élément intentionnel de l'infraction et la responsabilité pénale" aux pp. 55-90 (Collection; Travaux et recherches de la Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques de Paris; série "Sciences Historiques"; volume numéro 11);
 

LEBRET, Jean, "Essai sur l'intention criminelle", (1938) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 438; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article non encore consulté;
 

LECLÈRE, J., L'intention dans l'Ethica de Pierre Abélard, mémoire, Université de Louvain, 1954; titre noté dans ma recherche mais thèse non encore consultée;
 

LEDEWITZ, Bruce, "Mr.Carroll's Mental State or what is Meant by Intent", (2001) 38(1) American Criminal Law Review 71-109;
 

LEE, H.D.P., "The legal background of two passages in the Nicomachean Ethics", (1937) 31 Classical Quarterly 129-140;
 

LEE, Kyuhwa, La notion de personnalisation de la sanction pénale : étude de criminologie appliquée, Mémoire DEA, droit pénal, Aix-Marseille 3, 1993; titre de thèse noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté;
 

___________La personnalisation de la sanction pénale : étude juridique et criminologique, thèse de doctorat, criminologie,  Aix-Marseille 3 : 1998, 288 feuilles;  titre de thèse noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté;
 

___________"Le sens de la personnalisation de la peine", (1999) 52(3) Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 278-295;
 

LEFEBVRE, Ch., "Dol en droit canonique actuel" dans Dictionnaire de droit canonique ...publié sous la direction de R. Naz, Tome Quatrième, Paris: Librarie Letouzey et Ané, 1949 aux pp. 1347-1358; note de recherche: excellent!
 

LE FOYER, Jean, Exposé du droit pénal normand au XIII^e siècle, Paris: Libraririe du Recueil Sirey, 1931, 314 p.;

     "L'Église contribua beaucoup à cette évolution du Droit pénal.  En effet dans ses pénitentiels, qui exercèrent une influence considérable, elle appuie sur les sur les éléments mentaux du péché.  On prend cette influence sur le vif lorsqu'au beau milieu des Lois d'Henri I, on rencontre la maxime 'Reum non facit, nisi mens rea', non loin du vieux proverbe 'Qui inscienter pecat, scienter emendat' et parmi les règles pénales qui, rendant encore l'homme responsable pour tout tort causé, n'avaient nul souci de l'intention, et s'inspiraient seulement de l'adage 'Factum repubatitur pro voluntate'.

    A l'influence chrétienne s'ajouta, dans le même sens, l'influence romaine.  Au XII^e siècle, la renaissance du Droit romain introduisit quelques idées nouvelles.  Les juristes -- par exemple Glanville -- commencèrent à opposer les causes civiles et les causes criminelles, à parler de dolus, de culpa et de casus et à déceler l'élément psychologique du crime.  Bracton a emprunté à Aso beaucoup de généralités sur les crimes et les peines, il a étudié le Code et le Digeste, il a transposé du canoniste Bernard de Pavie un long discours sur l'homicide.  D'ailleurs les canonistes eux-mêmes tirèrent, dans ce domaine, grand parti de la renaissance du Droit romain; ils eurent les vieux textes romains pour appuyer les décisions de leurs cours, qui nuançaient la responsabilité dans les différents cas d'homicide.

    Ces forces diverses, parmi lesquelles il ne faut pas omettre le simple bon sens du commun, conduisirent le Droit coutumier, dans épanouissement du XII^e siècle, à tracer une démarcation nette entre le crime intentionnel et le crime involontaire." (pp. 48-49)

LEGRAND, H. (Henry), De la préméditation, Paris: A. Rousseau, 1898; thèse, université de Paris; titre noté dans mes recherches mais thèse non consulté;

LEGROS, Robert, L'élément moral dans les infactions, Paris: Recueil Sirey, 1952, 351 p (thèse, Liège, 1952);
 

LE GUNEHEC, Francis, "Élément de l'infraction", 2002, 34 p., in Juris-Classeur pénal, Paris: Éditions du Juris-Classeur, vol. 1, copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, FTX, General, KJV 7979 .J87 v. 1;
 

LEIGH, L.H.(Leonard Herschel), Cases, "Recklessness after Reid", (1993) 56 Modern Law Review 208-218;
 

___________"Liability for Inadvertence: A Lordly Legacy?", (1995) 58 The Modern Law Review 457-470;
 

___________Strict and Vicarious Liability: A Study in Administrative Crimina Law, London, Sweet and Maxwell, and Agincourt (Ontario, Canada): Carswell, 1982, xix, 121 p., (series; Modern legal studies), ISBN:  0421267607 and 0421267704 (pbk.); copy at the University of Ottawa,FTX General, KD 7890 .L453 1982;
 

LEMOINE, Emmanuelle, La répression de l'indifférence sociale en droit pénal français, Paris : L'Harmattan, c2002, 700 p., (Collection; Collection logiques juridiques), ISBN: 2747530116; copie à l'Université de Montréal, HBFD L555r 2002; disponible en parties à http://books.google.com/books?id=YIIBKBlQBWMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:p%C3%A9nal&lr=
&as_brr=3&sig=GLNpdrzWfMRp5JDGE7XBJs8gNVg#PPA1,M1 (vérifié le 20 décembre 2007);

LEMOSSE, Max., "Dolus (évolution historique de la théorie du)", dans Dictionnaire de droit canonique ...publié sous la direction de R. Naz, Tome Quatrième, Paris: Librarie Letouzey et Ané, 1949 aux pp. 1358-1372; note de recherche: excellent travail!
 

LENG, Roger, "Mens rea and the defences to a criminal charge" in Robert Bluglass and Paul Bowden, eds., with an introduction by Nigel Walker, Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, Edinburgh and New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990, xxi, 1405, 10, 84, 53 p., at pp. 237-250, ISBN:  0443035784; copy at CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Ottawa/ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique, Ottawa, RA1151 P957;
 

LEONARD, Gerald, "Public Wrong and Vicious Will in Nineteenth-Century Statutory Rape Law: The Evolution of the Mental Element in the Age of the Codification of Criminal Law", unpublished paper on file with Professor Thomas A. Green, as stated in Professor Green's article, "Freedom and Criminal Responsibility in the Age of Pound: An Essay on Criminal Justice", (1994-95) 93 Michigan Law Review 1915-2053 at p. 1928, note 24; Prof. Green describes the contents of Leonard's paper as follows: "For a discussion of competing approaches to the role and meaning of mens rea in the Anglo-American tradition";
 

LE SELLYER, "De l'intention en matière pénale" , (1876-1877) La France judiciaire - Partie I aux pp. 111-115; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;
 

LEVASSEUR, Georges, "Les aspects psychologiques du comportement criminel, l'élément moral de l'infraction en droit français (contribution à l'étude de la Mens Rea)" in Fourth International Symposium on Comparative Law held in Ottawa (Canada) September 5 to 7, 1966 under the patronage of The Canadian and Foreign Law Research Centre - The Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa - The Canadian Association of Comparative Law, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press (series; Collection des travaux de la faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa), 232 p. at pp. 111- 139; information on the French title/informations sur le titre français : Travaux du quatrième colloque international de droit comparé tenu à Ottawa (Canada) du 5 au 7 septembre 1966 sous les auspices du Centre canadien de droit comparé - de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa - de l'Association canadienne de droit comparé, Ottawa: Editions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1967, 232 p. aux pp. 111-139 (Collection des travaux de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa); copie à la bibliothèque de droiy, Université d'Ottawa, FTX, HV 6010 .C53 1969;
 

___________"Étude de l'élément moral de l'infraction" in Colloque de science criminelle (Toulouse 1969), Confrontation de la théorie générale de la responsabilité pénale avec les données de la criminologie / travaux du  Colloque de science criminelle (Toulouse, 30, 31 janvier, 1er février 1969), Paris : Dalloz, 1969, iii, 198 p. aux pp. 81-97 (Collection; Institut de criminologie et de sciences pénales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques de Toulouse); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, HV 6010 .C53 1969 FTX;
 

LEVENSON, Laurie, “Good Faith Defenses: Reshaping Strict Liability Crimes”, (1992-93) 78 Cornell Law Review 401-469;
 

LEVINSON, Justin D., Mens rea : a psychologically embedded inquiry, Thesis (LL. M.)—Harvard Law School, 2004, 60, 87, 30 leaves; not consulted yet (24 September 2004);
 

LÉVITT, Albert, "Extent and Function of the Doctrine of Mens Rea", (1922-23) 17 Illinois Law Review 578-595;
 

___________"The Origin of the Doctrine of Mens Rea", (1922-23) 17 Illinois Law Review 117-137;
 

LEVY, Yuval, "Criminal Intent: A Comment on 'Foreseeability'. 'Probability', 'Purpose' and 'Knowledge", (1996) 30 Israel Law Review 106-125;
 

LICHTERMAN, Justin Myer, "True Threats: Evolving Mens Rea Requirements for violations of 18 U.S.C. 875 (C)", (2000-2001) 22 Cardozo Law Review 1961-1998;
 

LOGOZ, Paul, 1888-, "Pas de peine sans culpabilité", (1950) 2 Journal of Criminal Science 197-209; research note: only two volumes were published of this series  by the University of Cambridge, Department of Criminal Science and edited by L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner; copy at Carleton University, Ottawa, v. 2, 1950 HV6001.J65; the article covers intention and negligence under the Swiss Penal Code;
 

LÖOFFLER, von Alexander, 1866-1929,  Die Schuldformen des Strafrechts in vergleichend-historischer unddogmatischer Darstellung, Leipzig: C.L. Hirschfeld, 1895, 1 volume only; reprint in : Goldbach: Keip, 1995; copy at University of Alberta, Book And Record Depository (BARD), K5065 L828 1895; je fais ici exception à ma règle de ne citer que des textes français et anglais; maintenat disponible à http://www.archive.org/details/dieschuldformen00lfgoog (vérifié le 1er janvier 2011);
 

LOPEZ-REY, Manuel et al., "Les Exigences Pénales d'aujourd'hui et La politique Criminelle Contemporaine", (1963) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 863-902; il s'agit d'un texte de Lopez-Rey avec des commentaires d'intervenants suivis d'une réponse de Lopez-Rey; voir en particulier le passage suivant de Lopez-Rey, "La construction du droit pénal et le problème de la culpabilité" aux pp. 862-864;  copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX Périodiques, K 21 .D725;
 

LOUBSER, M.M. and M.A. (Marinus André) Rabie, "Defining dolus eventualis: a voluntative element?", (1988) 3 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 415-436;
 

LOW, Peter W., "The Model Penal Code, the Common Law, and Mistakes of Fact: Recklessness, Negligence or Strict Liability?", (1987-88) Rutgers Law Journal 539-567; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFN 1869 .R87;
 

LUBAN, David, "Contrived Ignorance", (1999) 87 Georgia Law Journal 957-980; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KF 292 .D4G45;
 

LUKAS, "A Criminologist Looks at Criminal Guilt", (1949?) 2 Social Meaning of Legal Concepts 113; periodical published by the New York University School of Law, 1948-1953, 5 volumes; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy in the Ottawa region libraries;
 

LUSCOMBE, D. E. (David Edward), The school of Peter Abelard: the influence of Abelard's thought in the early scholastic period, London: Cambridge University Press, 1969,  xiii, 360 p. (series; Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought, new ser., 14), ISBN: 0521073375; look at index for "intention" and "sin";
 

LYNCH, A.C.E., "The Mental Element in the Actus Reus",  (1982) 98 The Law Quarterly Review 109-142; contribution importante;
 

LYNN, Robert M., "Taking the Desire, and maybe the Presumption, out of 'Intent'", (1985) 7 Dublin University Law Journal 73; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

LYONS, Edward C., "In Incognito -- The Principle of Double Effect in American Constitutional Law", (July 2005) 57 Florida Law Review 469-563; available at  http://www.floridalawreview.org/issues/pdf/vol57num3/Lyons-BOOKwithMasthead.pdf (accessed on 14 December 2005);
 

MacCALL SMITH, Alexander, "Criminal Law and the Moral Tradition",  in D.L. Carey Miller and D.W. Meyers, 1942-,  eds., Comparative and Historical Essays in Scots Law: A Tribute to Professor Sir Thomas Smith QC, Edinburgh: Butterworths and the Law Society of Scotland, 1992, xiv, 182 p. at pp. 78-90,  ISBN: 0406008779;
 

MacCORMACK, Geoffrey, "Culpa", (1972) 38 Studia et documenta historiae et iuris 123-188; étude du sens de culpa chez les juristes romains; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX Periodicals , KBD 0 .S82; article in English;
 

___________"Fault and Causation in Early Roman Law: An Anthropological Perspective", (1981) 28 Revue internationale des droits de l'antiquité 97-126; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, K 589 .R47;
 

MacDONALD, Elizabeth, "Reckless Language and Majewski", (1986) 6 Legal Studies 239-256;
 

MADRAY, G., "Le dol éventuel", (1938) Revue internationale de droit pénal 207; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article pas encore consulté;
 

MAGNOL, Joseph, "L'élément intentionnel dans le meurtre en droit français", (1950) 2 Journal of Criminal Science 210-217; only two volumes were published of this series  by the University of Cambridge, Department of Criminal Science and edited by L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner; copy at Carleton University, Ottawa, v. 2, 1950 HV6001.J65;
 

MAITLAND, Frederic William, "The Early History of Malice Aforethought" in The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland, Downing  Professor of  the laws of England / edited by H.A.L. Fisher, Cambridge : University Press, 1911, 3 v., in vol. 1, at pp. 304-328; originally published in (August 1983) Law Magazine and Review; copy at Ottawa University, Faculty of Law, FTX,  KD 358 .M3 1911 v.1;
 

MALLE, Bertram F. and Sarah E. Nelson, "Judging mens rea: the tension between folk concepts and legal concepts of intentionality", (2003) 21(5) Behavioral Sciences & the Law 563-580;
 

MANCHESTER, A.H.,  A Modern Legal History of England and Wales 1750-1950, London: Butterworths, 1980, xxv, 419 p., see “The guilty mind: Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea” at pp. 198-202 and “No guilty mind: the doctrine of strict liability” at pp. 202-204, ISBN: 0406622639 and 040662264; copy at Ottawa University, Law Library, FTX, KD 532 .A9M3 1980;
 

MANCHESTER, Colin, "Knowledge, Due Diligence & Strict Liability in Regulatory Offences", [2006] Criminal Law Review 213-228;

___________"The Origins of Strict Criminal Liability" (1977) 6 Anglo-American Law Review 277-283; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, K 588 .A15 A535;
 

MANDIBERG, Susan F., "The Dilemma of Mental State in Federal Regulatory Crimes: The Environmental Example", (1995) 25 Environmental Law 1165-1242;
 

___________"Fault Lines in the Clean Water Act: criminal enforcement, continuing violations, and mental state", (2003) 33(1) Environmental Law 173-214;
 

MANGAKIS, Giorgios (George A.), "Introduction" in Greek Penal Code, translated by Nicholas B. Lolis, introduction by Giorgios Mangakis, South Hackensack (New Jersey) : Rothman, 1973, xii, 205 p., at pp.1-33 and particularly, "Intention" at pp. 16-18 (series; The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes; volume18), ISBN: 0837700388;
 

MANGAN, J.T., "An Historical Analysis of the Principle of Double Effect", (1949) 10 Theological Studies 41-61;
 

MARCUS, "Model Penal Code Section 2.02(7) and Willful Blindness", (1993) 102 The Yale Law Journal 2231-2257;
 

MARENBON, John, The Philosophy of Peter Abelard, Cambridge and New York : Cambridge University Press, 1997,  xx, 373 p., see Chapter 11, "Act, intention and consent" at pp. 251-264, ISBN: 0521553970;

MARIT,  Alexandru and Gergian Dan, "Premeditation to the Criminal Intention",  EIRP Proceedings, Vol 6 (2011) disponible à http://www.proceedings.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/eirp/article/view/753  (accessed on 12 August 2011);

  
MARSHALL, James, 1896-,  Intention  - in Law and Society, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968, xv, 237 p.; copy at Carleton University, Ottawa, K5066.M27;
 

___________"Relation of the Unconscious to Intention", (1966) 52 Virginia Law Review 1256-1282; copy at Ottawa University, KFV 2469 .V56  Location: FTX Periodicals;
 

MARSTON, Geoffrey, “Contemporaneity of Act and Intention in Crimes”, (1970) 86 The Law Quarterly Review 208-238;
 

MASON, Sir Anthony, "Intention in the Law of Murder" in Ngaire Naffine, Rosemary Owens and John Williams, eds., Intention in Law and Philosophy, Aldershot; Burlington, VT :  Ashgate/Dartmouth, c2001, xiii, 377 p. at pp. 107-127 (series; Applied legal philosophy), ISBN: 0754621715; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K272 .I58 2001;

MATHIAS, Don, "Mens rea: Stare decisis v statutory interpretation", (April 1997) New Zealand Law Journal 112-117;
 

MAYAUD, Yves, "De l'article 121.3 du Code pénal à la théorie de la culpabilité en matière criminelle et délictuelle", (1997), Recueil Dalloz Sirey -- Chroniques, 7^e Cahier, aux pp. 37-43;
 

___________"La volonté à la lumière du nouveau Code pénal" dans Mélanges en l'honneur du Professeur Jean Larguier: droit pénal, procédure pénale, Grenoble : Presses universitaires de Grenoble, 1993, 400 p., aux pp. 203-218, ISBN: 2706105380; copie à l'Université de Montréal, HBFD L322da 2001; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article pas encore consulté;
 

MAXWELL, Joseph, 1858-1938, Le concept social du crime; son évolution, Paris, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1914, iv, 456 p., voir "Rome et le christianisme" aux pp. 126-172; copie à L'Université St-Paul, Ottawa, HV 6021 M38C65 1914; disponible à http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5482172m.r=.langFR (vérifié le 2 juin 2009);
 

MICHAELS, Alan C., "Accepting: The Missing Mental State", (1998) 71(5) Southern California Law Review 953-1035;
 

McALEESE, "Just What is Recklessness" (1981) Dublin University Law Journal 29;  title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

McAULEY, Finbarr and J. Paul McCutcheon, Criminal Liability: A Grammar, Dublin: Round Hall Sweet & Maxell, 2000, lxxxvi, 950 p., ISBN: 1858000580 and 1858001552 (pbk.);
 

McAULEY, Finbarr, "The Action Component of Actus Reus", (1988) 23 The Irish Jurist 218-239;
 

___________"Mens Rea: A Legal-Philosophical View", (1982) 17 The Irish Jurist 84-104;
 

___________"Modelling Intentional Action", (1987) 22 The Irish Jurist 179-193;
 

McDONOUGH, Elizabeth, "A Gloss on Canon 1321", (1987) 21 Studia canonica 381-390;
 

McEWAN, Jenny, "The 'Feel-Good factor' and the Criminal Law", (2001) 9(3) Medical Law Review 246-258;
 

McEWAN, Jenny and St. John Robillard,  "'Intention and Recklessness again' - a response", (1982) 2 Legal Studies 198-201;
 

__________"Recklessness: the House of Lords and the criminal law", (1981) 1 Legal Studies 267-286;
 

McGEE, Andrew, "Double Effect in the Criminal Code 1899 (QLD): A Critical Appraisal", (2004) 4(1) Queensland University and Technology and Justice Journal 45-57; copy at University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KU 3411.3 .L3817;
 

McINTYRE, Alison, "Doing Away with Double Effect", (2001) 111(2) Ethics 219-255;
 

McSHERRY, Bernadette, "Voluntariness, Intention, and the Defence of  Mental Disorder: Toward a Rational Approach", (2003) 21 Behavioral Sciences and the Law 581-599;
 

MEILAND, Jack W., The Nature of Intention, London: Methuen, 1970, vii, 136 p.; copy at University St-Paul, Ottawa;
 

MELDEN, Abraham Irving, Free Action, London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1967, c1961, x, 226 p.; copy at the University St Paul Library, Ottawa, BD 429.5 M44F74 1967; philosophical contents;
 

MELE, Alfred, R., 1951-,  "Acting intentionally: Probing Folk Notions" in Bertram F. Malle, Louis J. Moses, and Dare A. Baldwinet, eds. Intentions and Intentionality: Fondations of Social Cognition, Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press, 2001, xiv, 417 p., at pp. 27-43, ISBN: 0262133865; copy at Ottawa University, MRT, BF 619.5 .I58 2001;
 

____________"Folk Explanations of Intentional Actions" in Bertram F. Malle, Louis J. Moses, and Dare A. Baldwinet, eds. Intentions and Intentionality: Fondations of Social Cognition, Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press, c2001, xiv, 417 p., at pp. 265-285, ISBN: 0262133865; copy at Ottawa University, MRT, BF 619.5 .I58 2001;
 

__________ed., The Philosophy of Action, Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press, 1997, vi, 314 p. (series; Oxford readings in philosophy), ISBN: 0198751745 and 0198751753 (pbk.); copy at the general library of Ottawa, MRT General, B 105 .A35 P49 1997; philosophical;
 

___________"Recent Work on Intentional Action", (1992) 29(3) American Philosophical Quarterly 199-217;
 

___________Springs of action : understanding intentional behavior, New York : Oxford University Press, 1992, ix, 272 p., ISBN: 019507114X; copy at St-Paul University, B 105 A35M45S6 1992; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT, B 105 .A35 M44 1992; philosophical;
 

MENDEZ, Miguel Angel, "A Susyphean Task: The Common Law Approach to Mens Rea", (1994-95) UC Davis Law Review [University of California Davis Law Review] 407-443;
 

MERCADAL, Barthélémy, "Recherches sur l'intention en droit pénal", (1967) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 1-47;
 

MERLE, Roger, "La culpabilité devant les sciences humaines et sociales", (1976) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé (1976)  29-39; copie à la bibliothèque de droit, Université d'Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KJJ 0 .R489;
 

___________"Rapport de synthèse  [sur la culpabilité]", (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse 285 (Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copie de cette revue à la bibliothèque de droit, l'Université McGill, Montréal;
 

MESSINE, Jules, "Réflexions sur l'élément moral de l'infraction: la pratique quotidienne des tribunaux face à l'avant-projet [belge] de Code pénal - II", (1987) 106 Journal des tribunaux 186-187 (numéro 5415 du 21 mars 1987); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, FTX Periodicals, KJK 491.3 .J68;
 

METZ, René, "La responsabilité pénale dane le droit canonique médiéval" dans La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du colloque de philosophie pénale (12 au 21 janvier 1959), Paris: Dalloz, 1961, aux pp.83-116 (Collection; Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg; VIII); importante contribution au sujet;
 

MEYERS, "Psychiatric Determination of Legal Intent, (1965) Journal of Forensic Sciences 347; title noted in my research but article not consulted;
 

MICHALOWSKI, Sabine, "Sanctity of life -- are some lives more sacred than others?", (2002) 22(3) Legal Studies 377-397; see "Double effect" at pp. 384-396;

"[Abstract] Court decisions concerning the life and death of patients become more and more frequent in the context of medical practice.  One of the most controversial decision in this area in recent years has been the decision of the Court of Appeal in Re A (Conjoined Twins: Medical Treatment), authorising the separation of conjoined twins.  This paper will argue that the decision was flawed both on legal and moral grounds and that its potential implications for future cases are more far-reaching than the judgment itself suggests." (p. 377)

MICHAELS, Alan C., "Acceptance: The Missing Mental State", (1998) 71 Southern California Law Review 953-1035; see abstract;
 

___________"Constitutional Innocence", (1998-99) 112 Harvard Law Review 828-902; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFM 2469 .H457;

___________Notes, "Defining Unintended Murder", (1985) 85 Columbia Law Review 786-811;
 

MICHELLE, Jennifer, Criminal intent and homicide law in Qing and Republican China, Ph.D. (Doctor of  Philosophy in History) thesis, University of California at Los Angeles, 2004, 268 p.; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted;
 

MILLER, Jeremy M., "Mens Rea Quagmire: The Conscience or Consciousness of the Criminal Law", (2001-2002)  29 Western State University Law Review  21-56; copy at Ottawa University, KFC 69 .L38  Location: FTX Periodicals;
 

MILLS, Katerina, "What Constitutes the Actual Intent Requirement for An Accused to Be Found Guilty of Genocide?", UCWR, 1999; available at http://www.nesl.edu/center/wcmemos/millsf99.htm (accessed on 21 October 2005); note: New England School of Law International War crimes Project Rwanda Genocide Prosecution;
 

MILTON, J.R.L., "Reasonable Mistake of Fact as a Defence in Statutory Offences" (1971) 88 South African Law Journal 70-83; copy at the University of Ottawa, Law Library, FTX Periodicals, KR 0 .S69;
 

MITCHELL, B.J., “Recklessness and the Camplin Argument”, (1986) 150 Justice of the Peace 388-390 (number 25 in vol. 150, 21 June 1986); copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, in Periodicals section;
 

MITCHELL, Barry,  "Culpably Indifferent Murder", (1996) 25 Anglo-American Law Review 64-86; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX, Periodicals, KD 532.A9M3;
 

___________“In Defence of a Principle of Correspondence”, [1999] Criminal Law Review 195-205;
 

___________"The Minimum Culpability for Criminal Homicide", (2001) 9 European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 193-208; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, Periodicals;

"Conclusions
... Traditional cognition-based concepts of mens rea are regarded as important but inadequate per se in ensuring the defendant's moral culpability and responsibility for the outcomes of his/her behaviour.  Indifference can be construed so as to provide moral equivalence to intention and foresight, and a particularly callous form of indifference -- value-deficit indifference -- has been advocated. ... . " (p. 208)

___________"Recklessness Could Still be a State of Mind", (1988) 52 Journal of Criminal Law 300-308;

Modes of liability and the mental element : analyzing the early jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court / War Crimes Research Office,  Washington, DC : War Crimes Research Office, American University Washington College of Law, c2010, 76 p.;  notes: "War Crimes Research Office, International Criminal Court, Legal Analysis and Eduction Project.", "September 2010"; available at http://www.wcl.american.edu/warcrimes/icc/documents/report13.pdf?rd=1  (accessed on 31 July 2011);
 

MOINE-DUPUIS, Isabelle, "L'intention en droit pénal, une notion introuvable", (2001) Recueil Dalloz Sirey -- Chroniques, numéro 27, aux pp. 2144-2148; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;
 

MOMMSEN, Théodore, 1817-1903, Le droit pénal romain, 3 tomes, traduction de Joseph Duquesne, 1874-1951, Paris: Fontemoing, 1907, xvi, 401 (t. 1), 443 (t. 2 ), et 420 p. (t. 3), (Collection; "Manuel des antiquités romaines"; vol. XVII-XIX); mis sur l'internet, le 20 janvier 2007; malgré son âge, toujours l'oeuvre de base jusqu'ici inégalée sur le droit pénal romain; travail unique!
Extrait:
- Table des matières, Tome 1;
- "La Volonté" (Tome 1, livre 1, section7, pp. 98-109);

MONTALDI, Daniel F., "A Defense of St Thomas and the Principle of Double Effect", (1986) 14 Journal of Religious Ethics 296-332;

MORGAN, Neil,  "The Fault Elements of Offences", in Wing-Cheong Chan, Barry Wright, and Stanley Yeo, eds., Codification, Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code : the legacies and modern challenges of criminal law reform, Farnham, Surrey, England ; Burlington, VT, USA : Ashgate, c2011, xiii, 379 p., at pp.59 to approx. 86; ISBN: 9781409424420 (hardback); title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (7 November 2011);
 
 

MOODIE, R.A., "Refulgent Mens Rea Eclipsed", (1974-75) 6 New Zealand Universities Law Review 230-249;
 

MOORE, Michael, 1943-, "Intention and Mens Rea" in Ruth Gavison, ed., Issues in Contemporary Legal Philosophy: The Influence of H.L.A. Hart, Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, vi, 357 p. at pp. 245-270,  ISBN: 0198255179;
 

___________Law and Psychiatry: Rethinking the Relationship, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984, xiv, 527 p., ISBN:  0521255988, and 0521319781 (pbk.);
 

MORIN, André Albert, 1961-, "De l'étude des racines chrétiennes des droits pénaux français, britannique et canadien", (2002) 32(2) Revue générale de droit 213-304; il s'agit de la première partie de la thèse de doctorat de Me Morin;

"Résumé
Ce texte est une étude historique du développpement de la mens rea en droit pénal.  L'auteur soutient que c'est par le biais de l'influence des théologiens que l'intention est devenue un élément essentiel de l'infraction en droit pénal.  L'article traite également de l'influence du christianisme sur le développment du droit pénal en Occident.

------

Abstract
This article describes the development of mens rea in criminal law.  The author is of the opinion that mens rea became an essential component of an offence in law through the influence of theology in Medieval Europe.  This text also describes the influence of Christianity on the development of criminal law in Western Europe." (p. 213)

___________De l'étude des racines chrétiennes des droits pénaux français, britannique et canadien et d'un exemple concret dans le domaine de la lutte contre les produits de la criminalité, Thèse de doctorat : Droit : Université de Poitiers : 2001, 2 volumes (526 feuilles), thèse sous la direction de Jean Pradel;

"Résumé :
Cet ouvrage est une étude et une analyse de l'influence de certains principes fondamentaux du christianisme sur la création et le développement du droit laïc en Europe et au Canada. Nous utilisons l'expression droit laïc par opposition au droit canonique qui émane des autorités religieuses. Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première est au regard des principes chrétiens, une étude historique de l'évolution du droit pénal remontant au peuple hébreux, tel que décrit dans l'Ancien Testament, puis au peuple romain avant l'avènement de Jésus-Christ et ensuite à l'étude et à l'impact de la doctrine du Christ sur l'évolution du droit pénal, dans l'Empire romain, dans le royaume franc et par la suite en France et en Angleterre et plus spécifiquement en ce qui a trait à l'évolution et au développement du concept de mens rea. Ces deux pays revêtent une importance capitale puisque le Canada a d'abord été une colonie française pour ensuite devenir une colonie britannique avant d'accéderà une plus grande autonomie au XXe siècle. La seconde partie est une analyse dans les droits canadien, français et britannique des éléments constitutifs d'infractions présentement en vigueur notamment la mens rea et qui démontrent qu'encore aujourd'hui l'influence du christianisme est toujours présente dans notre droit substantiel. Nous avons choisi d'analyser les éléments constitutifs de l'infraction de recyclage des produits de la criminalité car la lutte contre le blanchiment est très d'actualité et c'est une préoccupation autant pour le Canada que pour la France et le Royaume Uni." (source: catalogue de l'Université de Poitiers, à http://catabu.univ-poitiers.fr/cgi-bin/abweb/X5504/ID15660/G0, visionné le 21 décembre 2002)

MORKEL, Dan W., "On the Distinction Between Recklessness and Concious Negligence", (1982) 30 American Journal of Comparative Law 325-333; important contribution to the subject;
 

MORRIS, Herbert, ed., Freedom and Responsibility: Readings in Philosophy and Law, Stanford (California): Stanford University Press, 1961, v, 547 p., see the bibliography on intention and motive at pp. 533-535 and on negligence, recklessness and strict liability, at pp. 535-536;
 

MORRIS, J.M., "The Structure of Criminal Law and Deterrence", [1986] Criminal Law Review 524-534;
 

MORRIS, Norval and Colin Howard, Studies in Criminal Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964, xxxiv, 270 p., see "Strict Responsibility", being Chap. 6 at pp. 197-222;
 

MORSE, Stephen J., "Craziness and Criminal Responsibility", (1999) 17(2) Behavioral Sciences and the Law 147-164;

"As a factual matter, mental disorder, even of the extreme variety, rarely negates the mental state requirement of the definitions of offenses. As the previous section indicated, virtually all people with mental disorders know, in the strictest sense, what they are doing or what risk their conduct presents and they act with intent. A person who kills another because of a delusional belief is aware of killing a human being and does so intentionally. A person who kills another in response to a command hallucination knows the victim is a human being and intends to kill that person. In these cases, mental disorder gives people crazy reasons for intending conduct that the criminal law prohibits, but their behavior will satisfy the definitional elements of the offense. If such a person is to be acquitted, it must be because the person deserves an excuse, not because the state cannot fairly prove the definitional elements of the crime." (p. 162)

___________"The 'Guilty Mind': Mens Rea" in D.K. Kagehiro and W.S. Laufer, eds., The Handbook of Psychology and Law, New York: Springer-Verlag, c1992, xxxi, 628 p., at pp. 207-229, ISBN: 0387975683; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT General,  K 346 .H363 1992;
  

___________"Inevitable Mens Rea", (2004) 27 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 51-64;
 

MOSSÉ, Jacques-Alexandre, Criminal responsibility without fault in American criminal law and French criminal law : a  study on a comparative basis, M.C.J. thesis, New York University, 1964,  2, 106, [7] leaves (series; Hein's legal theses and dissertations ; v. 001-00192); copy on two microfiches at the law library, University of Ottawa, K 46 .H44 v.001-00192 1964a FTX;
 

MUELLER, Gerhard O.W. and Freda Adler, (1988) "Mens Rea, Crime Control and the Internalization of Values," Festschrift for Prof. Dr. Paul K. Ryu. Seoul, Korea: Yoon Chick Kwack Publ. Co., pp. 35-45;
 

MUELLER, Gerhard O.W., Criminal liability without fault in legal philosophy : introduction to a treatise on criminal liability without fault in common law and civil law states, [1955?], iv, 41 leaves ; typescript "Submitted as term paper in the Seminar on Jurisprudence to Professor E.W. Patterson, Winter semester 1954/5, Columbia University"; see Columbia University catalogue; title noted in my research but copy not consulted yet;
 

___________"Mens Rea and the Law Without It: Rationale and the West Virginia Rule", (1955-56) 58 West Virginia Law Review 34-68; copy at the University of Ottawa, Law Library, FTX, Periodicals, KFW 1269 .W46;
 

___________Mens rea, and the penal law without it : a study of the German penal law in comparison to the Anglo-American penal law,  LL.M. thesis, Columbia University, School of Law, 1954-1955; published on microfiches by Buffalo, N.Y. : W.S. Hein, 1996  (Hein's legal thesis and dissertations; v. 007-00087); copy at the University of Ottawa, Law library, K 46 .H44 v.007-00087 1955a FTX;
 

___________"On Common Law Mens Rea", (1958) 42 Minnesota Law Review 1043-1104;
 

MUKABA, Tshikangu, "L'étude de l'élément moral requis par l'art. 108 du Code pénal zaïrois et l'analyse de tous les cas que cet article comporte", (1973) 49 Revue juridique du Zaïre - Droit écrit et droit coutumier 17-27; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, FTX, périodiques, KRK 0 .R47;
 

MULLOCK, Philip, "Professor Hall and the Ghostly Mens Rea", (1961-62) 13 Mercer Law Review 283-293;
 

MULQUEENY, Keny, "Fault Elements from a Code Perspective", (1991) 15 Criminal Law Journal 109-111;
 

MURPHY, Jeffrie G. and Jules L. Coleman, The Philosophy of Law : An introduction to Jurisprudence, Totowa, N.J. : Rowman & Allanheld, 1984,  xvi, 294 p.,  ISBN: 0847662772 and 0847662780 (pbk.), see "Mental States, Excuses and Strict Liability" at pp. 131-138; research note: there is now a revised edition: Boulder: Westview Press, 1990, xvi, 240 p., (series; Dimensions of philosophy series), ISBN: 081330847X and 0813308488 (pbk.) which I have not consulted;
 

MUSTAFA, Faizan, Strict liability in Criminal law, New Delhi : Deep & Deep Publications, c1992, xii, 124 p., ISBN: 8171004008; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

NADELHOFFER III, Thomas Allen, Intention and Intentional Acts in Ordinary Language and the Criminal Law, Ph.D. (Department of Philosophy), The Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, 2005, vi, 174 p.; available at http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses_1/available/etd-06232005-105139/unrestricted/IntentionsandIntentionalActionsinOrdinaryLanguageandtheCriminalLaw.pdf (accessed on 23 May 2009);

NAFFINE, Ngaire, Rosemary Owens, and John Williams, Intention in law and philosophy, Aldershot; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, 2001, ISBN: 0754621715; this is a new book which has not arrived in the Ottawa area libraries (13 January 2002); not consulted yet;
 

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON REFORM OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAWS, Final Report of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws - A Proposed New Federal Criminal Code (Title 18, United States Code), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, xxv, 364 p., see "§ 302. Requirements of Culpability" at pp. 27-30; the proposed code is available on the internet at the Buffalo Criminal Law Center, at "Materials on Federal Criminal Code Reform" which includes also: "Selected Bibliography on Federal Criminal Code Reform", "Special Collection on Federal Criminal Code Reform" and "Conferences on Criminal Code Reform";
 

NEL RUEDA URIDE, Pedro, "Les délits intentionnels et par négligence, ainsi que le droit d'asile, dans l'ancien testament", (1964) 18(1) Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 167-174; note: version française par André D. Schmidt; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;
 

NEMERSON, Steven S., Note, "Criminal Liability without Fault: A Philosophical View", (1975) 75 Columbia Law Review 1517-1577; copy at the University of Ottawa, Law Library,  FTX Periodicals, KFN 5069 .C657;
 

NERSESSIAN, David L., "The Countours of Genocidal Intent: Troubling Jurisprudence from the International Criminal Tribunals", (2002) 37(2) Texas International Law Journal 231-276;
 

NEUBERG, Marc, sous la direction de, Théorie de l'action : textes majeurs de la philosophie analytique de l'action / introduction et traduction de Marc Neuberg, Liège: Mardaga, 1991, 318 p. (Collection; Philosophie et langage), ISBN: 2870094728; contenu philosophique; copie à la bibliothèque générale de l'Université d'Ottawa, MRT General, B 105 .A35 T474 1991;
 

NEW ZEALAND, Criminal Law Reform Committee, Report on the decision in DPP v. Morgan, Wellington: Criminal Law Reform Committee, 1980, 16 p. (series; World law reform collection ; 31-066); copy at the Supreme Court of Canada library, Ottawa, 31-066 Microfiche;
 

NICOLINI, Niccola, 1772-1857,  Principes philosophiques et pratiques de droit pénal extraits et traduits des oeuvres de Niccola Nicolini et précédés d'une introduction sur l'histoire de la législation criminelle dans le royaume des Deux-Siciles, et sur les opinions philosophiques de l'auteur, par Eugène Flotard, Paris: Veuve Joubert, Librairies, 1854, lxxii, 316 p.; copie de ce livre à la Bibliothèque du Bareau de Montréal  (Rayon 97,  343 N644p, consultation seulement) ;
 

NINO, Carlos Santiago, Towards a general strategy for criminal law adjudication, D.Phil.thesis, University of Oxford, 1977, [viii], 222 leaves; thesis not consulted yet;
 

NOORIE, Alan W. (Alan William), 1953-,  "After Woolin", [1999] The Criminal Law Review 532-544;

____________"Between Orthodox Subjectivism and Moral Contextualism: Intention and the Consultation Paper", [June 2006] The Criminal Law Review  486-501;
 

___________"Intention: More Loose Talk", [1990] Criminal Law Review 642-644;
 

___________"Legal and Moral Judgment in the 'General Part' " in Peter Rush, Shaun McVeigh, 1947-, and Alison Young, 1962-, eds., Criminal Law Doctrine, Aldershot (England) and  Brookfield (Vermont, USA):  Ashgate, 1997, xi, 222 p., at pp. 1-27, ISBN:1855219697; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K5018 C75 1997;

"The Normative Foundation of Intentional Agency

Intention in Duff's account includes both direct and oblique forms.  One either acts with the intention of bringing something about, or one brings something about not as one's intention, but as a foreseen by-product of one's actions.  In the latter instance, one does not intend, but one still acts intentionally.  With regard to oblique intention a question arises as to whether we ascribe responsibility with regard to all or only some unintended but foreseen consequences.  .... " (p. 16) [ Norrie refers to A. Duff, Intention, Agency and Criminal Liability, Oxford: Blackwell, 1990]

___________"The Limits of Justice: Finding Fault in the Criminal Law", (1996) 59 Modern Law Review 540-556;
 

___________"Oblique Intention and Legal Politics", [1989] Criminal Law Review 793-807;
 

___________"Subjectivism, Objectivism, and the Limits of Criminal Recklessness", (1992) 12 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 45-58;
 

___________"Subjectivity, Morality and Criminal Law", (1999) 3 Edinburgh Law Review 359; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

Notes, "Constitutionality of Criminal Statutes Containing no Requirement of Mens Rea", (1948-49) 24 Indiana Law Journal  89-102;
 

Notes, "The Distinction Between Mala Prohibita and Mala in se in Criminal Law", (1930) 30 Columbia Law Review 74-86;
 

Notes, "Mens Rea in Federal Criminal Law", (1998) 111(8) Harvard Law Review 2402-2419; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFM 2469 .H457;
 

Notes, "Public Torts and Mens Rea", (1926-27) 12 Iowa Law Review 407-411;
 

NOURSE, V.F., "Hearts and Minds: Understanding the New Culpability", (2002) 6(1) Buffalo Criminal Law Review 361-388; available at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclrarticles/6/1/nourse.pdf (accessed on 31 December 2003);
 

NOYES, Anne F., Notes, "Early Causes and Development of the Doctrine of Mens Rea", (1944-45) 33 Kentucky Law Journal 306-311;
 

NUVOLONE,  Pietro, "La conception juridique italienne de la culpabilité", (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse(Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copie de cette revue à la bibliothèque de droit de l'Université McGill, Montréal;

 
OBERDIEK, Hans, "Intention and Foresight in Criminal Law", (1972) 81 Mind 389-400; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, B 1 .M65;

O'CONNOR, Vivienne and Colette Rausch, eds., with Hans Joerg Albrecht and Goran Klemencic, Model codes for post-conflict criminal justice, Washington, D.C. : United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007-,  and see "Intention, Recklessness and Negligence" at pp. 66-71, ISBN: 9781601270115 (pbk. : alk. paper); 1601270119 (pbk. : alk. paper); 9781601270122 (hardcover : alk. paper);  1601270127 (hardcover : alk. paper); available at http://books.google.com/books?id=FL3nJkyxDBkC&pg=PR23&dq=%22comparative++criminal+law%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=XSDxSPaCIoO6yAT4-aziAw&sig=ACfU3U0jIcI2f4BPr_OTvi5RqgnWG9DcMg#PPA66,M1  (accessed on 11 October 2008); important contribution;
    

ODERBERG, David S.,  Moral Theory: A Non-Consequentialist Approach, Oxford and Malden (USA): Blackwell Publishers, 2000, xii, 197 p., at pp. 86-126 (deals in great part with the PDE, i.e., the Principle of Double Effect), ISBN: 0631219021 (hb.) and 063121903X (pbk.);
 

O'HEAR, Michael M., "Sentencing the Green-Collar Offender: Punishment, Culpability, and Environmental Crime", (Fall 2004) 85(1) The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 133-276;
 

O'NEILL, Timothy P., "The Clear Initiative and Mental States 1 1/2  Problems Solved" , (2008) 41 The John Marshall Law Review  701-713; available at http://www.jmls.edu/facultypubs/pdfs/clear_initiative.pdf (accessed on 10 January 2009);

OKAMOTO, Akira, Evaluating the recent formulation of the presumptive mens rea rule in federal criminal law, LL.M. thesis, Harvard Law School, 2001, 42 leaves; title of thesis noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;

.
OLA,  C. S. and O.A. OLa,  Mens rea in statutory offences in Nigeria,  Lagos : Malthouse Press, 1990,  xxiii, 116 p. (Series:  Studies in Nigerian criminal law and criminal science,  Malthouse law series),  ISBN: 9782601187; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy in Canada, it seems;
 

ORCHARD, Gerald, Case and Comment, "Recklessness -- Actual awareness of risk -- Crimes Act 1961 (N.Z.), s. 198.  STEPHENS, High Court of New Zealand, Auckland: Chilwell J.: 8 December 1983", (1985) 9 Criminal Law Journal 53-55;

___________"Criminal Intention", [1986] New Zealand Law Journal 208-212;
 

___________"The Defence of Absence of Fault in Australasia and Canada" in Peter Smith, ed.,  Criminal Law: Essays in Honour of J.C. Smith, London: Butterworths, xxvii, 234 p., at pp. 114-131, ISBN: 0406501106;
 

OWENS, Michael Douglas, "Holloway v. United States: Conditional v. Unconditional Intent to Kill, (1999-2000) 51 Mercer Law Review 959-971;
 

PACKER, Herbert L., "Mens Rea and the Supreme Court", (1962) Supreme Court Review 107-152;
 

PAGEAUD, Paul Albert, "La notion d'intention en droit pénal", (1950) Semaine juridique I-876 (longueur de l'article: 5.5 pages avec des pages à deux colones larges); copie à la bibliothèque de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX périodiques, KJJ 0 .S452;
 

PAIN, John H. (John Hawkhurst), Aberratio Ictus : the doctrine and its reception in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, LL.M. thesis, University of Natal, 1976; thesis title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

PAIZES, Andrew, "Dolus Eventualis Reconsidered", (1988) 105  South African Law Journal 636-644;
 

___________"Mistake as to the Causal Sequence and Mistake as to the Causal Act Exploring the Relation between Mens Rea and the Causal Element of the Actus Reus", (1993) 110 South African Law Journal 493-529;
 

PARKER, Jeffrey S., "The Economics of Mens Rea", (1993) 79 Virginia Law Review 741-811;
 

PARANT, Robert, "Recherches sur le droit pénal égyptien: intention coupable et responsabilité pénale dans l'Égypte du IIe millénaire" dans Aristide Theodorides (à l'initiative de),  Le Droit égyptien ancien : colloque organisé par l'Institut des hautes études de Belgique les 18 et 19 mars 1974, Bruxelles : Institut des hautes études de Belgique, [1977], 257 p.; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; copy at University of Toronto, John P. Robarts Research Library (Humanities and Social Sciences), brief JQ 0015213;
 

PARRY, Jacques, "Conditional Intention - (1) Dissent", (1981) Criminal Law Review 6-13; see reply by Laurence Koffman, supra;
 

PATIENT, I.H.E. (Ingrid H.E.), "Caldwell after Moloney - Another Look at Caldwell - Recklessness", (1987) 51 Journal of Criminal Law 82-89;
 

___________"Some Remarks about the Element of Voluntariness in  Offences of Absolute Liability" [1968] Criminal Law Review 23-32;
 

PAULEY, Matthew A., “Murder by Premeditation”, (1999) 36 American Criminal Law Review 145-169;
 

PECKHAM, Samuel E., "Holloway v. United States: The United States Supreme Court Examines 'Conditional Intent' in the Anti Car Theft Act of 1992", (1999-2000) 30 Seton Hall Law Review 602-634; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa,  FTX Periodicals, KFN 1869 .S475;
 

PEDAIN, Antje, "Intention and the Terrorist Example", [September 2003] Criminal Law Review 579-593;

"Summary:  This article argues that a terrorist, who plants a bomb not necessarily foreseeing death or serious injury as virtually certain, can nevertheless be found to have the intention required for murder if attention is paid to the terrorist's attitude to the risk he creates." (p. 579)

PEIRIS, G.L. "Strict Liability in Commonwealth criminal law" (1983) 3 Legal Studies 117-145;

Penal Code of the Hawaiian Islands Passed by the House of Nobles and Representatives on the 21st June, A.D., 1850...,  Honolulu: Henry H. Whitney, 1850; available at http://books.google.com/books?id=VzYDAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:code+date:1845-1850&lr=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES#PPR1,M1 (accessed on 24 February 2009)

PERKINS, Rollin M.,  "Alignment of Sanction with Culpable Conduct" (1963-64) 49 Iowa Law Review 325-388;
 

___________"The Civil Offense" (1952) 100 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 832-851; on the distinction between malum in se and malum prohibitum;
 

___________"Essay: Criminal Liability Without Fault: A Disquieting Trend" (1982-83) 68 Iowa Law Review 1067-1081;
 

___________" 'Knowledge' as a Mens Rea Requirement", (1978) 29 Hastings Law Journal 953-966;
 

___________"A Rationale of Mens Rea", (1939) 52 Harvard Law Review 905-928;
 

P.F., "Recklessness and the Reasonable Man in Scots Criminal Law", (1985) The Juridical Review (N.S.) 29-40;
 

PHILLIPS, Jean K. Gilles and  Rebecca E. Woodman, "The Insanity of the Mens Rea Model: Due Process and the Abolition of the Insanity Defense" (September 4, 2007); available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1012104 (accessed on 12 September 2007);

PIKAMÄE, Pritt,  "The definition of intent in penal law and the psychological treatment of intention", (2002) Juridica 75-81; title noted in my research but article not consulted; summary in English; article not consulted;

PILLSBURY, Samuel H., "Crimes of Indifference", (1996) 49 Rutgers Law Review 105-218;
 

PINATEL, Jean, "La théorie pénale de l'intention devant les sciences de l'homme" dans L'évolution du droit criminel contemporain: Recueil d'études à la mémoire de Jean Lebret, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968, 218 p. aux pp.181-193;
 

PIRAGOFF, Doanld K., "Article 30: Mental element" in Otto Triffterer, ed., Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers' Notes, Article by Article, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, xxviii, 1295 p. at pp. 527-535, ISBN: 378906173; copy at the Department of External Affairs, Ottawa, call number: legal KZ 6310 .C734 1999;
 

PISCIONE, Les deux éléments de la responsabilité pénale: l'imputabilité et la culpabilité, thèse en cours inscription administrative, sciences criminelles: 1998, Faculté de Droit, Sciences économiques et Gestion - Nancy; directeur de thèse: J.F. Seuvic, voir  http://juripole.univ-nancy2.fr/Theses/theses_penal.html  tel que vu, le 28 novembre 2001;
 

PITCHER, George, " 'In Intending' and Side Effects", (1970) 67 Journal of Philosophy 659-668; copy at the University of Ottawa, B 1 .J6  Location,  MRT Periodicals;
 

PLANIOL, Marcel, "Dol civil et dol criminel", (1893) 42e année, tome  22 Revue critique de législation et de jurisprudence 545-573 et 649-663; il s'agit ici du dol dans le sens de tromper; copie à la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;
 

PLUCKNETT, Edward I and the Criminal Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960, 104 p., see Chapter III, "The Criminal and Intention" at pp. 51-76;
 

POGGI, Francesca, Proving Intention: Some General Remarks, available at
http://66.102.1.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:WJkyYegJoMcJ:www.udg.es/dretprivat/filosofia/Pon%25C3%25A8
ncies_II/Francesca_Poggi.doc++%22dolus+eventualis%22+recklessness+negligence+difference+  (accessed on 30 August 2007); research note: look for book under same title (Berlin : Duncker und Humblot, 2006);

POLLOCK, Frederick, 1845-1937,  and Frederic W. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I, 2nd ed., Cambridge, [Eng.] : University Press, 1898,  vol. 2, see on mens rea, pp. 476-478;
 

POTTER, An Historical Introduction to English Law and Its Institutions, 3rd ed., London: Sweet and Maxell, 1948, xxiv, 650 p., see “The  Principles of Criminal Liability” at pp. 347-357 with pp. 347-352 covering the following: Criminal intent, Absolute Liability in Early Law, Intention in the “Thirteenth, Intention in Larceny, Act and Intention, and Degree of Mens Rea; copy at the Ottawa University, Law Library, FTX, KD 532 .P6 1948;
 

POWERS, Paul R., Intent in Islamic Law: Motive and Meaning in Medieval Sunni Figh, Boston : Brill, 2006, xii, 236 p. (series; Studies in Islamic law and society; 1384-1130 v. 25), ISBN: 9004145923; note: Revised thesis Ph. D., University of Chicago, 2001; see Chapter 6, "Intent in Islamic Penal Law"; some parts are available at http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004145923&id=uB0tNdJZYnEC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&ots=eIhRtpBYXg&dq=intitle:law&as_brr=1&sig=bqEXS4VBi98j_Lr21NyKbrRqaFs#PPP1,M1 (accessed on 27 March 2007);

PREVEZER, S.,  "Automatism and Involuntary Conduct" [1958] Criminal  Law Review 361-367 and 440-452;
 

PROSSER, William L., "Transferred Intent", (1966-67) 45 Texas Law Review 650-662; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa,  FTX Periodicals   KFT 1269 .T482;
 

PUECH, Marc, "Scolies sur la faute pénale", (1987) 5 Droits, revue française de théorie juridique 77-86; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, section des périodiques, KJV 441.2 D76;
 

QUILL, T. (Timothy E.), R. (Rebecca) Dresser and D. (Dan W.) Brock, "The Rule of Double Effect: a Critique of its Role in End-of-Life Decision-Making", (11 December 1997) 337 New England Journal of Medicine 1768-1771;
 

QUINN, Warren S., Actions, Intentions, and Consequences: The Doctrine of  Double Effect", (1989) 18 Philosophy and Public Affairs 334-351; copy at the University of Ottawa, H 1 .P54  Location, MRT Periodicals;
 

RAAB, Francis V., "Intention as a criterion of responsibility", (1958-59) 5 Wayne Law Review 319-329; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX, Periodicals, KFM 4269 .W39;
 

RADIN, Max, 1880-1950, "Intent, Criminal"  in Edwin R.A. Seligman, editor-in-chief and Alvin Johnson, associate editor, Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 8, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932 at pp. 126-131; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Reference, H 41 .E6 1967;

RAMADAN, Hisham M., Reconstructing jury instructions in homicide offenses : rethinking homicide law, Lanham (Md.) : University Press of America, c2004, xiii, 120 p., ISBN: 0761828532; note: Originally presented as the author's thesis (S.J.D.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2003; see the table of contents at http://www.univpress.com/Catalog/TOC.shtml?command=Search&db=^DB/CATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0761828532 (accessed on 18 Janurary 2006); title noted in my research but book not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 18 January 2006);

RAMRAJ, Victor V. (Victor Vridar), "Freedom of the Person and the Principles of Criminal Fault", (2002) 18(2) South African Journal on Human Rights 225-258;

RAPP, Geoffrey Christopher, "The Wreckage of Recklessness", (2008) 86 Washington University Law Review 111-180; available at http://lawreview.wustl.edu/inprint/86/1/Rapp.pdf (accessed on 10 Janurary 2009);

RAYBIN, David Lewis, Note, "The Proposed Tennessee Criminal Code -- General Interpretive Provisions and Culpability", (1973-74) 41 Tennessee Law Review 131-166;
 

RAYMOND, Paul E., deceased in 1999, "The Origin and Rise of Moral Liability in Anglo-Saxon Criminal Law", (1935-36) 15 Oregon Law Review 93-117; excellent research and important contribution to the subject;
 

Recent Cases, "CRIMINAL LAW — WILLFUL BLINDNESS — NINTH CIRCUIT HOLDS THAT MOTIVE IS NOT AN ELEMENT OF WILLFUL BLINDNESS. — United States v. Heredia, 483 F.3d 913 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 76 U.S.L.W. 3303 (U.S. Dec. 11, 2007) (No. 07-5762), (2008) 45 Harvard Law Review (2008) 1245-1252; available at (accessed on 11 April 2008);
  

Recent Cases, Notes and Comment, "Mens Rea in Statutory Offenses - Construction of Statutes" (1944-45) 18 Australian Law Journal 201-203; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX periodicals, KTA 0 .A95;
 

REED, Paul S., "A Study in Criminal Intent 9th Circuit provides classic analysis of criminal mens rea in archeological protection case", as seen at  http://law.about.com/library/weekly/aa120800a.htm?once=true& on 3 November 2001;
 

REIJNTJES, Jan M., "Some reflection on the relation between form and substance in criminal law", available at  http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Reijntjes.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2004); paper submitted at the 17th International Conference of the International Society for the Reform of Criminal Law held
at The Hague, Netherlands from August 24 - 28, 2003;
 

REIX, Marie, Le motif légitime en droit pénal: contribution à la théorie générale de la justification, thèse de doctorat en droit,  Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV, École doctorale de Droit (E.D. 41), 2012, 635 p. (source:  http://www.theses.fr/en/2012BOR40055, site visité le 11 novembre 2013);

REMINGTON, Frank J. and Orrin L. Helstad, "The Mental Element in Crime - A Legislative Problem", (1952)  Wisconsin Law Review 644-678;
 

REMINGTON, Frank J., Richard R. Robinson, and J. Willis,. "Liability Without Fault Criminal Statutes - Their  Relation to Major Developments in Contemporary Economic and Social Policy: The Situation in Wisconsin" (1956) Wisconsin Law Review 625-;
 

RENETON, Célia, 1981-, L'intention de tuer,  Mémoire DEA : Droit pénal et sciences criminelles : Bordeaux 4 : 2004, 95 feuilles; titre noté dans mes recherches mais mémoire non consulté;
 

RICHARDSON, H. Anthony (Henry Anthony), The application of the doctrine of mens rea to statutory offences in modern law, LL.M. thesis, University of Leeds (Law Department), 1956, [iii], 276 leaves;  title of thesis noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

RICO, José M., "L'intention criminelle en droit comparé (Étude des législations hispano-américaines)" in Fourth International Symposium on Comparative Law held in Ottawa (Canada) September 5 to 7, 1966 under the patronage of The Canadian and Foreign Law Research Centre - The Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa - The Canadian Association of Comparative Law, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press (series; Collection des travaux de la faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa), 232 p. at pp. 164-183; information on the French title/informations sur le titre français : Travaux du quatrième colloque international de droit comparé tenu à Ottawa (Canada) du 5 au 7 septembre 1966 sous les auspices du Centre canadien de droit comparé - de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa - de l'Association canadienne de droit comparé, Ottawa: Editions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1967, 232 p. aux pp. 164-183 (Collection des travaux de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa); excellent research and important contribution to the subject;
 

ok___________ "Discussion des rapports [sur l'intention criminelle ou la mens rea - The Doctrine of Mens Rea]" in Fourth International Symposium on Comparative Law held in Ottawa (Canada) September 5 to 7, 1966 under the patronage of The Canadian and Foreign Law Research Centre - The Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa - The Canadian Association of Comparative Law, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press (series; Collection des travaux de la faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa), 232 p.at pp. 132-139; information on the French title/informations sur le titre français : Travaux du quatrième colloque international de droit comparé tenu à Ottawa (Canada) du 5 au 7 septembre 1966 sous les auspices du Centre canadien de droit comparé - de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa - de l'Association canadienne de droit comparé, Ottawa: Editions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1967, 232 p. aux pp. 82-110 (Collection des travaux de la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa);
 

RIPSTEIN, Arthur, Equality, responsibility, and the law, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xii, 307 p., see Chapter 7, "Recklessness and Attempts" at pp. 218-245, (series; Cambridge studies in philosophy and law), ISBN: 0521584523;
 

ROBBINS, Ira P., "The Ostrich Instruction: Deliberate Ignorance as a Criminal Mens Rea", (1990-91) 81 The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 191-234;
 

ROBINSON, Paul H., "A Brief History of Distinctions in Criminal Culpability", (1980) 31 The Hastings Law Journal 815-853; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=665202 (accessed on 14 October 2007);
 

___________"A Functional Analysis of Criminal Law", (1994) 88 Northwestern University Law Review 857-913; also published in Thomas Morawetz, 1942-, ed., Criminal Law, 2nd ed., Aldershot (England): Darmouth, Ashgate, 2000, xvi, 478 p. at pp. 3-59 (series; The international library of essays in law and legal theory; 2nd ser.; volume 5), ISBN: 184014775X;  available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=662024 (accessed on 26 March 2008);
 

___________"Imputed Criminal Liability", (1984) 93 Yale Law Journal 609-676; also published in Arnold H. Loewy, ed., A Criminal law anthology, [Cincinnati] : Anderson Pub. Co., c1992, vii, 377 p., ISBN:  0870841823; available at at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=662022  (accessed on 26 March 2008);
 

___________"Mens Rea", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief,  Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002,  4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.),  in vol. 3, at pp. 995-1006, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 002865322X (vol. 3); available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=661161 (accesssed on 14 October 2007);
 

___________"Mens Rea", University of Pennsylvania Law School, Scholarship at Penn Law, 1999, paper 35, 29 p.; available at  http://lsr.nellco.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=upenn/wps (accessed on 5 November 2004);

___________"Prohibited Risks and Culpable Disregard or Inattentiveness: Challenge and Confusion in the Formulation of Risk-Creation Offenses", (2003) 4 Theoretical Inquiries in Law (Online Edition): No. 1,  Article 7, 29 p.;  available  at http://ssrn.com/abstract=368101 or 10.2139/ssrn.368101 (accessed on 26 March 2008);

__________"Should the Criminal Law Abandon the the Actus Reus - Mens Rea Distinction?"  in Stephen Shute, John Gardner and Jeremy Horder, eds., Action and Value in Criminal Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 and 1996 (first paperback issue), x, 314 p. at pp. 187-211, ISBN: 0198258062 and 0198260792 (pbk.); available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=661202 accessed on 14 October 2007);
 

ROBINSON, Paul H., 1948-, and John M., Darley, Justice, Liability, and  Blame: Community Views and the Criminal Law, Boulder (Colorado, USA): Westview Press, 1995, xvii, 299 p., ISBN: 0813324505, (Series: New directions in social psychology); see Chapter 4, "Doctrines of Culpability: When Is One's Violation of a Legal Rule Blameworthy?", pp. 83-125, and, in particular, "Study 8: Offense Culpability Requirements and Mistake/Accident Defenses" at pp. 84-96 and the "Chapter Summary" at p. 123-125; available at http://www.law.upenn.edu/fac/phrobins/JLBbook.pdf (accessed on 26 March 2008);
 

RODENSKY, Lisa, Minds, acts and crimes: Charles Dickens, George Eliot, James Fitzjames Stephen and Victorian crime responsibility, Ph.D. thesis, Boston University, 2000, 285 p., thesis advisor: Christopher Ricks; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

RODIN, David, "Terrorism within Intention",  (Summer 2004) 39(4) Tulsa Law Review 752-771;
 

ROGERS, Donald W., Are criminal offenses defined under sections 3008(d) and 3008(e) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act  strict liability crimes?, LL.M. thesis, University of Houston, 1995, 57 leaves, call number: Thesis 340 1993.R64; also available in the series: William S. Hein's & Co., Inc., Legal Theses and Dissertations Microfiche Project,  number 006-00122; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

ROLLINSON, Matthew, "Re-reading Criminal Law: Gendering the Mental Element", in Donald Nicolson and Llois Bibbings, eds., Feminist Perspectives on Criminal Law, London/Sydney: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2000, xxx, 282 p., at pp. 101-122, ISBN: 1859415261; copy at Ottawa University, FTX general, KD 7850 .F46 2000;
 

Rome Statute of the International Court at http://www.un.org/law/icc/index.html;  site # 2 at http://www.iccnow.org/html/icc19990712.html; see article 30, Mental Element;

"Article 30. Mental element
1.         Unless otherwise provided, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court only if the material elements are committed with intent and knowledge.

2.         For the purposes of this article, a person has intent where:
     (a)     In relation to conduct, that person means to engage in the conduct;
     (b)     In relation to a consequence, that person means to cause that consequence or is aware that it will occur in the ordinary course of events.

3.         For the purposes of this article, "knowledge" means awareness that a circumstance exists or a consequence will occur in the ordinary course of events. "Know" and "knowingly" shall be construed accordingly."

___________"Draft Report of the International Meeting from 19 to 30 January 1998 in Zutphen, the Netherlands" in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 221-311, (document number: A/AC.249/1998/L.13, 1998), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
 

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 1, (Proceedings of the Preparatory Committee during March-April and August 1996)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 385-439, (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
 

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 2, (Compilation of Proposals)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 441-616 (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
ROMERO, Leo M., "New Mexico Mens Rea Doctrines and the Uniform Criminal Jury Instructions: The Need for Revision", (1977-78) 8 New Mexico Law Review 127-169; copy on microfilm at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
 

ROSE, Dennis, "Vicarious Liability in Regulatory Offenses" (1970) 44 Australian Law Journal 147-154;
 

ROSEN, Lawrence, "Intentionality and the Concept of the Person" in J. Roland Pennock and John W. Chapman, eds., Criminal Justice, New York : New York University Press, 1985, xiii, 372 p., at pp. 52-77 (series; NOMOS; XXVII), ISBN: 0814765882;
 

ROSS, Alf, "Intent in English Law", (1979) 23 Scandinavian Studies in Law 177-209;
 

ROTH, William, "General vs Specific Intent: A Time for Terminological Understanding in California", (1979-80) 7 Pepperdine Law Review 67-84; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFC 69 .P46;
 

ROTHSTEIN, Paul F., "Special Report - Federal Criminal Code Revision: Some Problems With Culpability Provisions", (1979) 15 Criminal Law Bulletin 157-161;

ROUGHLEY, Neil, "The Double Failure of 'Double Effect'", in Christoph Lumer and Sandro Nannini., eds., Intentionality, deliberation and autonomy : the action-theoretic basis of practical philosophy, Aldershot (England)/Burlington (VT, USA): Ashgate Pub., c2007,  xiii, 311 p., Chapter 5, at pp. 91-116, ISBN: 0754660583; limited preview available at http://books.google.com/books?id=4LzldxvSk4kC&pg=RA1-PA105&dq=%22criminal+code+%22+date:2006-2009
&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=I885SMfkN530iwH1gLX9BQ&sig=gkTdSU7LBlZBxHbxBtFfzIwOEGE#PRA1-PA91,M1 and http://books.google.com/books?id=4LzldxvSk4kC&dq=%22criminal+code+%22+date:2006-2009&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (accessed on 27 May 2008); 
 

ROYAL COMMISSION ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1949-1953, Report / Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949-1953: Report, London: Her Majesty's Stationery office, 1953, x, 506 p. (series; command number 8932);

"A NOTE ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF 'MALICE AFORETHOUGHT'
1.  Before the Norman Conquest, homicide, intentional or unintentional, was treated by the law as a wrong to the victim's family, to be expiated by a pecuniary penalty, not as a crime against the State.  At that stage no mental elemnt seems to have been recognised as a necessary ingredient of criminal liability.  When the word 'morth' or 'murdrum' first appeared in this period, it meant a 'secret killing'.  It eventually came to be used for the fine imposed by William the Conqueror on any hundred where a Norman was found secretly killed; there was a presomption in any case of secret killing that the victim was a Norman unless there was 'presentment of Englishry', i.e. proof that the victim was an Englishman.  The law gradually became obsolete, until the fines were abolished by Edward III in 1340 and the term 'murder' began to acquire its present connotation of the most heinous form of homicide and to be specifically distinguished by the characteristic of malice aforethought. Under the Statute of Gloucester¹ a man who killed another by misadventure or in self-defence was entitled to receive a pardon from the King.  It appears that as early as the first half of the fourteenth century it had become the practice in such cases for the jury to return a special finding that the killing was done 'in self-defence and not by felony or of malice prepense'.  In 1389 this practice was recognised by a statute of Richard II² which provided that a pardon should not be valid in case of 'murdre, mort d'ome occis par agait assaut ou malice purpense' unless the circumstances were specified in the pardon.  There is reason to believe that this association of malice aforethought with 'lying in wait' (agait) as the criterion of the worst form of homicide, which replaced the old notion that murder was killing in secret, may ultimately derive from an Old Testament text (Exodus xxi: 14) which enjoined that 'if a man shall kill his neighbour deliberately and by lying in wait (per industriam ... et per insidias), thou shalt take him from mine altar that he may die'.  This doctrine may have been reinforced by the fact that waylaying on the King's Highway was an infringement of the King's special rights at the time when by no means all assaults or homicides were felonies cognisable by the King's courts.³

2.  By a series of statutes passed between 1496 and 1547, of which the Act of 1531 (23 Hen. VIII, c. 1) was the most important, murder 'of malice prepense' was largely excluded from benefit of clergy.  Up to this time all homicides, unless justifiable or excusable on the ground of self-defence or misadventure, were felonies and therefore capital, but were within benefit of clergy.  Henceforward murder and what would now be called manslaughter, but had then no specific name, were clearly distinguished.  Murder, which was unlawful killing with malice aforethought, was without benefit of clergy and was therefore capital unless a pardon were granted; unlawful killing without malice aforethought was within the benefit of clergy, which was finally abolished in 1827, and until 1822 it could be punished only by one year's imprisonment and branding of the thumb.
......
--------------
1. 1278; 6 Edw. I, c. 9.
2. 13 Rich. II, s. 2, c. 1.
3. Maitland, 'The early history of malice aforethought' in Collected Papers, I, 304-308."
 (p. 381); entered in bibliography on 25 April 2002;

RUIMSCHOTEL, Dick, "The Psychological Reality of Intentional and Negligent Criminal Acts" in P. Van Koppen, Dick J. Hessing, 1943-, and Grat van den Heuvel, 1947-, eds., Lawyers on psychology and psychologists on law, Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger; Berwyn, PA : Swets North America, 1988, iv, 188 p., (series; Series on law and psychology; 1), ISBN:  9026509774; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; copy at the University of Montreal, K/487/P75/L39/1988 and at the University McGill, Montreal, 487;P75L39;1988 law;

RYAN, Samantha, "Reckless Transmission of HIV: Knowledge and Culpability", [November 2006] The Criminal Law Review 981-992;

RYLE, Gilbert, 1900-1976, The Concept of Mind, London: Hutchinson, 1949, 334 p.; philosophical content;
 

SAFWAT, Safia M., The concept of mens rea and strict responsibility in English and Sudanese law : a comparative study,  Ph.D. thesis, University of London 1979, xii, 344 leaves; title of thesis noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

SAINT-GÉRAND, Valérie, 1971-, La culpabilité dans la théorie de la responsabilité pénale, thèse doctorat droit, Université Jean Moulin, Lyon 3, 2000, 867 p., dir. de thèse: Yves Mayaud;  voir le résumé au catalogue Abes;
 

SALAND, Per, "International Criminal Law Principles" in Roy S. Lee, ed., The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute: Issues, Negotiations, Results, The Hague/London/Boston: KLuwer Law International, 1999, xxxv, 657 p., at pp. 189-216, ISBN: 904111212X (hardcover) and 904111243X (pbk.); see "XI. Article 30, Mental element" at pp. 205-206;
 

SALMON, Sir Cyril, "The Criminal Law Relating to Intent", (1961) 14 Current Legal Problems 1-15;
 

SALMON, Jean, "L'intention en matière de responsabilité internationale" dans Le droit international au service de la paix, de la justice et du développement : mélanges Michel Virally, Paris : A. Pedone, 1991, xxxi, 511 p., aux pp. 413-422, ISBN:  223300213X; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa,  JX 3091 D77 1991;
 

SALTZMAN, Alan, "Strict Criminal Liability and the United States Constitution: Substantive Criminal Law Due Process" (1978) 24 Wayne Law Review 1571-1640; Saltzman distinguishes two mens rea: one in the "special sense" (e.g., recklessness) and the other, in the "general sense"; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFM 4269 .W39;
 

SAMEK, R.A., "The Concepts of Act and Intention and Their Treatment in Jurisprudence", (1963) 41 Australasian Journal of Philosophy 198-216, copy at the University of Ottawa, B 1 .A8, MRT Periodicals;
 

SATZGER, Helmut, "German Criminal Law and the Rome Statute -- A Critical Analysis of the New German Code of Crimes against International Law", (2002) 2  International Criminal Law Review 261-282, and see discussion on intention, at pp. 269-270;

SAUNDERS, Kevin, "Voluntary Acts and the Criminal Law: Justifying Culpability Based on the Existence of Volition", (1988) 49 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 443-476;
 

SAYRE, Francis Bowes, "Mens Rea", (1931-32) 45 Harvard Law Review 974-1026;  excellent research and important contribution to the subject;
 

___________"The Present Signification of 'Mens Rea' in the Criminal Law" in Harvard Legal Essays Written in Honour of and Preented to Joseph Beale and Samuel Williston , by Morton Carlisle Campbell, Zechariah Chafee, jr., Edwin Merrick Dodd, jr. ...[and others], Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1934, xviii, 553 p., at p. 399-417; reprint in :Freeport (New York): Books for Librairies Press Inc., 1967; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa,  FTX General, KF 210 .H37 1967;
 

___________"Public Welfare Offences" (1933) 33 Columbia Law Review 55-88;
 

SCANDERETT, J.J.M., "The Obsolescence of Criminal Guilt", (1937) 37 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 828-856;
 

SCHABAS, William A., 1950-, Genocide in International Law: The Crimes of Crimes, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2000, xvi, 624 p., see chapter 5, "The mental element or mens rea of genocide", at pp. 206-256,  ISBN: 0521787904; copy at Ottawa University,  FTX General, K 5302 .S333 2000;
 

___________"General Principles of Criminal Law in the International Criminal Court Statute (Part III)" (1998) 6(4) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice 400-428, see "Mental Element (Art. 30)", at pp. 419-421; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
 

___________"The Jelisic Case and the Mens Rea of the Crime of Genocide", (2001) 14(1) Leiden Journal International Law 125-140; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries; copy at the University of Montreal; article not consulted;  with the same title in Olympia Bekou and Robert Cryer, eds., The International Criminal Court, Aldershot (Hants, England)/Burlington (VT) : Ashgate/Dartmouth,Ashgate, 2004, 550 p. (series; The Library of Essays in International Law), ISBN: 0754624099;
 

___________"Mens Rea and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia" (2002-2003) 37 New England Law Review 1015-1036; copy at the University of Ottawa, KFM 2469 .N49  Location FTX Periodicals; available at http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol37/4/Schabas.pdf  (accessed on 28 September 2007);

SCHEER, Richard K., "Two Puzzles about Intentions", (April 2003) 26(2) Philosophical Investigations 97-108;
 

SCHMIDT, Charles, Faute civile et faute pénale, Paris: Sirey, 1928, 197 p.; titre noté dans ma recherche; livre pas encore consulté; copie à l'Université de Sherbrooke, Bibliothèque de droit, 18.92/JJ.5/.S34f/1928;
 

SCHROTH, Jörg, "Literatur zum Prinzip der Doppelwirkung" (Bibliography on the principle of double-effect), 12 August 2005; available at http://gwdu05.gwdg.de/~sophia/schroth/cpdw.pdf (reverse chronological order) and  http://gwdu05.gwdg.de/~sophia/schroth/bpdw.pdf (alphabetical order), both sites accessed on 15 August 2005;
 

SCHULTZ, Hans, "Remarques sur l'élément moral dans l'Avant-projet de Code pénal", (1986) 46 Annales de droit de Louvain 131-145; au sujet de  l'avant-projet du code pénal belge; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;
 

SCHUELER, G.F., Reasons and purposes : human rationality and the teleological explanation of action, Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, xii, 174 p., ISBN:  0199250375; title noted in my research but book not consulted consulted; no copy in the Ottawa  area libaries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of  Library and Archives Canada (verification of 12 January 2006);
 

SCOTTISH LAW COMMISSION, The Mental Element in Crime: Report on a Reference under Section 3(1)(e) of the Law Commission Act 1965 , Edinburgh: H.M.S.O., [1983], v, 49 p.,  (Series; Report; number 80); contribution importante au sujet;
 

SEARCY III, Seth S., "Pleading and Proving the Culpable Mental States under the New Texas Penal Code", (1978) 6 American Journal of Criminal Law 243-266; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, KF 9202 .A427  Location, FTX Periodicals;
 

SEARLE, John, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, New York, 1983, x, 278 p., ISBN: 0521228956 and 0521273021; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT General B 105 .I56 S43 1983; aussi publié en français / also published in French : L'intentionalité : essai de philosophie des états mentaux \ John R. Searle ; traduit de l'américain par Claude Pichevin, Paris : Editions de Minuit, 1985, 340 p. (Collection; propositions), ISBN:  270731031X;
 

SEBBA, Leslie, "Is Mens Rea a Component of Perceived Offense Seriousness?", (1980) 71 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 124-135;

SEBOK,  Anthony J., "Purpose, Belief, and Recklessness : Pruning  the Restatement  (Third)'s Definition of Intent", (2001) 54 Vanderbilt Law Review 1165-1186;
 

SELLAR, W. David, "Forethocht Felony, Malice Aforethought and the Classification of Homicide",  in British Legal History Conference (9th : 1989 : Glasgow, Scotland) and W.M. Gordon and T.D. Fergus, eds., Legal history in the making: Proceedings of the Ninth British Legal History Conference, Glasgow, 1989, London; Rio Grande, Ohio : Hambledon Press, 1991, [viii], 216 p. at pp. 43-59, ISBN: 185285054X; copy at the University of Ottawa, General, KD 506 .B74 1989;

SHANNON, Misty D., "The Willfulness Requirement: A Chameleon in the Legal Arena", (1999-2000) 60 Louisiana Law Review 563-583;

SHAPIRA-ETTINGER, Keren, "The Conundrum of Mental States: Substantive Rules and Evidence Comibined", (2007) 28 Cardozo Law Review 2577-2596;

SHAW, Joseph, "Intentions and Trolleys", (January 2006) 56 The Philosophical Quarterly  63-83;

___________"Intentions in Ethics", (June 2006) 36(2) Canadian Journal of Philosophy 187-223;
 

SHEN, Francis X., Hoffman, Morris B., Jones, Owen D., Greene, Joshua D. and Marois, Rene, "Flipping the Culpability Coin: How the Model Penal Code Fails Defendants",  (February 23, 2011). Vanderbilt Public Law Research Paper No. 11-3. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1746107

SHLOMO SHOHAM, "Le syndrome d'Isaac" (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse (Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copy at McGill University, Montreal;
 

SHULTZ, Thomas R. and Kevin Wright, "Concepts of negligence and intention in the assignment of moral responsibility", (1985) 17 Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 97-108; copy at Ottawa University, BF 1 .C27  Location: MRT Periodicals;
 

SHUTE, Stephen, "Knowledge and Belief in the Criminal Law" in  Stephen Shute, 1955-,  and A.P. Simester, eds., Criminal law Theory : Doctrines of the General Part,  New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, c2002, 332 p. at pp. 171-206, ISBN: 0199243492 (series; Oxford monographs; Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, call number: K5018 C77 2002;
 

SICARD, G., "L'intention coupable dans la législation pénale de la révolution française",  dans La culpabilité: Actes des XXèmes Journées d’Histoire du Droit, [4-6 octobre 2000. Limoges];   [organisé par la] Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques , Université de Limoges ; Textes réunis par Jacqueline Hoareau-Dodinau et Pascal Texier, Limoges : PULIM, 2001, 690 p.- [7] f. de pl. (Collection; Cahiers de l'Institut d'anthropologie juridique; 6), ISBN: 2842871979; copie à l'Université de Montréal, CAZF J86 2001c;
 

SICURELLA, Rosaria, "Le principe nulla poena sine culpa dans le statut de la Cour pénale internationale", dans, sous la direction de Mario Chiavario, La justice pénale internationale entre passé et avenir, Milano : A. Giuffrè ; [Paris] (F) : Dalloz, 2003, vi, 398 p., aux pp. 259-294, ISBN: 8814100535 et 2247054390; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX General, KZ 6311 .J87 2003;

SIFFERD, Katrina  L., "In Defense of the Use of Commonsense Psychology in the Criminal Law",  (2006) 25 Law and Philosophy 571-612;

SILVING, Helen, Constituent Elements of Crime, Springfield (Illinois): Charles C. Thomas, 1967, xxiv, 458 p.;
 

__________Criminal Justice, 2 volumes, Buffalo/Rio Piedras (Puerto Rico): Hein/University of Puerto Rico, 1971;
 

__________" ‘Guilt': A Methodological Study", (1963) 32 Revista Juridica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico / University of Puerto Rico Law Review 11-40; reproduced with modifications from Helen Silving, Essays on Mental  Incapacity and Criminal Conduct, Springfield (Illinois): Charles C. Thomas, 1967, xvi, 379 p.;
 

SIMESTER, A.P., "The Mental Element in Complicity", (October 2006) 122 The Law Quarterly Review  578-601;

___________ "Moral Certainty and the Bounderies of Intention", (1996) 16 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 445-469; copy at the University of Ottawa, KD 418 .O93  Location FTX Periodicals;
 

__________"Murder, Mens Rea and the House of Lords - Again", (1999) 115 Law Quarterly Review 17-21; copy at the Law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KD 322 .L37;
 

___________"Paradigm Intention", (1992) 11 Law and Philosophy 235-263;
 

___________"Why Distinguish Intention from Foresight?"  in A.P. Simester and  A.T.H. Smith, eds., Harm and Culpability, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996, viii, 280 p., Essay 4 at  pp. 71-101  (series; Oxford monographs in criminal law and justice), ISBN: 0198260571;
 

SIMESTER, A.P. and Winnie Chan, "Intention Thus Far", [1997] Criminal Law Review 704-719;
 

SIMONOFF, Rachel, "Ratzlaf v. United States: The Meaning of 'Willful' and the Demands of Due Process", (1994-95) 28 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 397-422;
 

SIMONS, Kenneth W., "Does Punishment for 'Culpable Indifference' Simply Punish for 'Bad Character?': Examining the Requisite Connection Between Mens Rea and Actus Reus", draft August 22, 2002, Boston University School of Law, Working paper Series, Public Law & Legal Theory, Working Paper No. 02-11; available at  http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/papers/pdf_files/SimonsK080702.pdf(accessed on 14 December 2002); to be  published in  6 Buffalo Criminal Law Review;
 

___________ "Does Punishment for 'Culpable Indifference' Simply Punish for 'Bad Character?': Examining the Requisite Connection Between Mens Rea and Actus Reus", (2002) 6(1) Buffalo Criminal Law Review 219-315; available at  http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclrarticles/6/1/simons.pdf (accessed on 31 December 2003);
 

___________"Rethinking Mental States", (1992) 72 Boston University Law Review 463-554; available at http://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/phrobins/conversations/papers/SimonsRethinkingMentalStates.pdf (accessed on 25 March 2008);
 

___________"Should the Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended?", (2003) 1(1) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 179-205; available at  http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/simons.pdf (accessed on 1 February 2004); http://www.bu.edu/lawlibrary/facultypublications/PDFs/Simons/MPCMensRea.pdf  (accessed on 13 January 2009);
 

___________"When Is Strict Criminal Liability Just?", (1997) 87 The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1075-1137;
 

SINGER, Richard and Douglas Husak, "Of Innocence and Innocents: The Supreme Court and Mens Rea Since Herbert Packer", (1999) 2 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 859-943; published at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclrarticles/2(2)/husak.pdf
 

SINGER, Richard G., "The Model Penal Code and Three [this word is crossed out in the title] (Possibly Only One) Ways Courts Avoid Mens Rea",  (2000) 4 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 139-216;
 

__________"The Resurgence of Mens Rea: III - The Rise and Fall of Strict Criminal Liability", (1989-89) 30 Boston College Law Review 337-408; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFM 2469 .B66;
 

___________"Strict Liability", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief, Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002,  4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 4, at pp. 1541-1546, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653238 (vol. 4);

__________ “Strict Criminal Liability: Alabama Courts Lead the Way into the Twenty-First Century”, (1994-95) 46 Alabama Law Review 47-81;

 

SISTARE, Christine T.,"Models of Responsibility in Criminal Theory: Comment on Baker", (1989) 7 Law and Philosophy 295-320; Research Note: comments on Baker's article, "Mens Rea, Negligence and Criminal Law Reform", supra;
 

SKVORTZOFF, Lorraine, Intention coupable et faute de service dans les délits volontaires liés à la commande publique,  Mémoire de DEA : Droit public de l'économie / Paris II ; session de 2000, 94 feuilles; titre noté dans ma recherche mais mémoire pas encore consulté;
 

SLIEDREGT, Ellies van, The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003, xxiv, 437 p., see "Subjective element", at pp. 43-53; "Mens rea/mental element" at pp. 231-234,  ISBN: 9067041661; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General, K5064 .S53 2003;
 

SLOAN, William J., Notes,"The Development of Crimes Requiring No Criminal Intent" (1941-42) 26 Marquette Law Review 92-99; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFW 2469 .M354;
 

SLOBOGIN, Christopher, "A Rational Approach to Responsibility [Book Review of] Law and Psychiatry: Rethinking the Relationship.  By Michael S. Moore.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984...", (1984-85) 83 Michigan Law Review 820-848, copy at the University of Ottawa, law library,  FTX Periodicals, KFM 4269 .M52;
 

SMART, William C., "Strict Liability and Criminal Sanctions: The 1971 Revisions to the Oregon Criminal Code" (1976-77) 13 Willamette Law Journal 365-382;  copy at the law library, University of Ottawa,  FTX Periodicals, KFO 2469 .W55;
 

SMITH, A.T.H., "On Actus Reus and Mens Rea" in P.R. Glazebrook, ed., Reshaping the Criminal Law: Essays in honour of Glanville Williams, London: Stevens & Sons, 1978, xii, 492 p., at pp. 95-107, ISBN: 042045540X;
 

SMITH, J.C., Case and Comment, "Criminal Damages.  Criminal Damage Act, s. 1(2) - meaning of reckless - effect of intoxication: R. v. Caldwell", [1981] Criminal Law Review 393-396; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX Periodicals, KD 7862 .C734;
 

__________"Comment on DPP v. Smith", [1960] Criminal Law Review765-770;
 

___________"Comment on Moor's Case", [2000] Criminal Law Review 41-44;
 

___________"Mens Rea"¸ [1997] Criminal Law Review 519-520; comments on R. v. Woolin;
 

___________"The Guilty Mind in the Criminal Law",  (1960) 76 The Law Quarterly Review 78-99;
 

___________"Intent: A Reply", [1978] Criminal Law Review 14-21;
 

___________"Intention", [1986] Criminal Law Review 180-183;
 

___________"Intention in Criminal Law", (1974) 27 Current Legal Problems 93-121;
 

___________"A Note on 'Intention'", [1990] Criminal Law Review 85-91;
 

___________"Subjective or Objective? Ups and Downs of the Test of Criminal Liability in England", (1981-82) 27 Villanova Law Review 1179-1204; copy at the University of Ottawa,   law library, FTX Periodicals,  KR 0 .S69;
 

___________"The Trend to Subjectivism in English Criminal Law" in Derek Mendes da Costa, ed., The Cambridge Lectures Selected Papers Based upon Lectures Delivered at the Cambridge Conference of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, 1979, Toronto: Butterworths, xvi, 1980, xvi, 287 p. at pp.176-198, ISBN: 0409849073; copy at law library, University of Ottawa, FTX General, K 175 .C283;
 

SMITH, John, "The 'Guilty Mind' in the Criminal Law", (1997) 24 Jurnal Undang-Undang: Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law 167-183; title of article noted in my research but not not consulted yet; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

SMITH,   K. J. M. (Keith John Michael), Lawyers, legislators, and theorists : developments in English criminal jurisprudence 1800-1957, Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, xxvi, 394 p., (series; Oxford monographs on criminal law and criminal justice), ISBN: 0198257236; Contents: Table of Cases,  xvii-xxvi; Ch. 1, Introductory Observations: Objectives and Limitations, 1-6; Pt. I: 1800-1832, p. 7; Ch. 2, Legal Theory and Legal Culture, 9-54; Ch. 3, Developments in Criminal Theory, 55-117;  Pt. II: 1833-1907, p. 119; Ch. 4, Notions of Subjective Criminal Fault, 121-172; Ch. 5, Objective and Constructive Criminal Fault, 173-203; Ch. 6, Excluding the Presumption of Fault: Strict and Vicarious Responsibility - Nineteenth-century Developments, 204-217;  Ch. 7, Moral Agency: The Necessary Characteristics of the Criminal Actor, 218-262; Ch. 8, Attempt: Contracting Consequentialism - Expanding the Notion of Criminal Harm?, 263-275; Pt. III: 1908-1957, p. 277; Ch. 9, Criminal Fault, 279-321; Ch. 10, Moral Agency: The Necessary Characteristics of the Criminal Actor, 322-350; Ch. 11, Attempt: Contracting Consequentialism - Expanding the Notion of Criminal Harm?, 351-360; Ch. 12, Summary Observations and Speculations: General and Particular, 361-378; Bibliography, 379-386;  Index, 387-394;
 

SMITH, Miles and Antony Pearson, "The Value of Strict Liability",  [1969] Criminal Law Review 5-16;
 

SMITH, Paul T., "Recklessness in Dolus Eventualis", (1979) 96 South African Law Journal 81-93;
 

SNYDER, Jonathan, "Back to Reality: What 'Knowingly' Really Means and the Inherently Subjective Nature of the Mental State Requirement in Environmental Criminal Law", (2001) 8(1) Missouri Environmental Law and Policy Review 1 to 17 approx.; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; there appears to be no Canadian libaries carrying this particular volume;
 

SNYMAN, C.R., "The tension between legal theory and policy considerations in the general principles of criminal law", (2003) Acta Juridica 1-22, and see "Overlapping of Intention and Negligence", at pp. 9-11; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
 

SOBO, François, L'article 121-3 du Code pénal, thèse de doctorat, Université de Poitiers, UFR de droit et de sciences sociales, 2006, 474 p.; directeur de thèse: Michel Massé, 1946-; résumé au catalogue du système universitaire de documentation, disponible à http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/LNG=FR/DB=2.1/IMPLAND=Y/CHARSET=ISO-8859-1/DB_START; thèse non conultée;
 

SOULIGNAC, J.C., L'élément moral dans les infractions en droit pénal français, thèse de doctorat, Nancy, 1955; titre noté dans mes recherches mais thèse pas encore consultée;
 

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISION, Report on the investigation into the application of mens rea in statutory offences, [Pretoria] : South African Law Commission, 1982, vii, 97 p. (series; Project; 29); copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KTL 3867 .S687 1982;
 

SPENCE, S.A., "Between will and action", (November 2000) 69(5) Journal of Neurology, Neurology and Psychiatry 702;

"If we are to use the terms 'will' and 'action' " then their use should be internally consistent. The "will" is that process that deliberates (consciously) on what is to be done, and the "action" is the performance, which follows on from that deliberation.^{3 4} (It should be noted that the temporal sequence of this philosophical model of volition is substantially undermined by the classic EEG experiments of Libet et al on "intention".^{5 6}) An "action" is consciously chosen; there is no such thing as an "involuntary action" (according to this model). Involuntary movements are movements not the intended actions of the agent ("the one who acts").⁴ It follows that the movements initiated by an "alien hand" may seem purposeful, but they are not actions (chosen by the patient). They are failures of action in so far as the patient cannot make the limb "behave". Hence, although Goldberg refers to the "will" being involved in action generation, his terminology is extrapolated inconsistently: he refers to alien hands performing "purposeful acts" and "involuntary actions"²; the first is an attribute of an agent, the second is an oxymoron.⁴ ....
------
2.  Goldberg G. When aliens invade: multiple mechanisms for dissociation between will and action. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:7[Free Full Text].
3.  Dilman I. Free will: an historical and philosophical introduction. New York: Routledge, 1999.
4.  Macmurray J. The self as agent. London: Faber and Faber, 1991.
5.  Libet B, Gleason CA, Wright EW, et al. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity: readiness-potential. Brain 1983;106:623-642[Abstract].
6.  Spence SA. Free will in the light of neuropsychiatry. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology 1996;3:75-90."

SPENCER, J.R., "Insanity and Mens Rea", (2000) 59 Cambridge Law Journal 9-11;
 

SPITERI, "Rapport introductif [sur la culpabilité]", (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse (Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copie du numéro de cette revue à la bibliothèque de droit de l'Université McGill;
 

SPRING, Raymond L., "The Return to Mens Rea: Salvaging a Resonable Perspective on Mental Disorder in Criminal Trials", (1998) 21 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 187-196;

STARK, Findlay, "Rethinking Recklessness",  (2011) The Juridical Review Part 3, 163-203;
 

STALLEY, R.F., “Austin’s Account of Action”, (1980) 18 Journal of the History of Philosophy 448-453; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, B 1 .A214;
 

STALLYBRASS, W.T.S., "The Eclipse of Mens Rea", (1936) 52 The Law Quarterly Review 60-67; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX Periodicals, KD 322 .L37 1885;
 

STANNARD, John E., "From Andrews to Seymour and Back Again", (1996) 47 Northern Ireland Law Quarterly 1-11;
 

___________"Mens Rea in the Melting Pot", (1986) 37 Northern Ireland Law Quarterly 61-74;
 

___________"Murder, Intention and the Inference of Intention", (1999) 34 Irish Jurist 201-222;
 

___________"Subsjectivism, Objectivism, and the Draft Criminal Code, (1985) 101 The Law Quarterly Review 540-555;
 

___________"A Tale of Four Codes: John Austin and the Criminal Law", (1990) 41 Northern Ireland Legal Quaterly 293-314;
 

STARRS, James E., "The Regulatory Offense in Historical Perspective" in Gerhard O.W. Mueller, ed., Essays in Criminal Science, South Hacksensack (New Jersey): Fred B. Rothman  and London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1961, xvi, 460 p. at pp.233-267;
 

STEPHEN, Sir James Fitzjames, A History of the Criminal Law of England, London: MacMillan, 1883,  see vol. 2 ( pp. 94-97) and vol. 3;

"Is there anything to choose morally between the man who violently stabs another in the chest with the definite intention of killing him, and the man who stabs another in the chest with no definite intention at all as to his victim's life or death, but with a feeling of indifference whether he lives or dies?  It seems to me that there is nothing to choose between the two men, and that cases may be put in which reckless indifference to the fate of a person intentionally subjected to deadly injury is, if possible, morally worse than an actual intent to kill." (vol. 3, p. 92)

____________testimony in the Special Report from the Select Committee on Homicide Law Amendment Bill; Together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendix, number 315 in Sessional Papers [British Parliamentary Papers] (1874), vol. 9, pp. 471-556 and also 771-786 for the index (Chairperson:  R. Lowe), see also published in Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Royal Commission Select Committee and Other Reports on the Criminal Law with Proceedings Minutes of Evidence Appendix and Index 1847-79, vol. 6, Legal Administration Criminal Law, Dublin: Shannon University Press, 1971, pp. 97-194, at p. 177, ISBN: 0716511428;
 

    "Mr. Russell Garney.  ...

331.  [Question by Mr. Russell Gurney, a member of the Committee, to Sir James Fitzjames Stephen]  Mr. Justice Blackburn says that you have used the word 'intention' in two different meanings?

[Stephen]  --I think he does say so; but I think if you look at it you will see that I have not done so.  It was considered with extreme care, and I will explain a little more fully why that section was drawn as it is, because it is the cardinal section of the whole Bill.  It begins thus: 'Criminal homicide is murder, if the act by which death is caused is done (1) with the intention of causing the death of, or grievous bodily harm to, the person killed, or any other person ascertained or unascertained.'  There are a great number of cases in which proof of an actual positive intention is a most essential part of the evidence.  Though there is difference between motive and intention, though motive is one thing, and intention another, yet the existence of motive is strong evidence of intention.  Now, take such a case as the great case of Palmer; half the evidence given in that case was to prove his motive for murdering Cook.  There you have a case which falls under the first branch of the definition, and which it would directly apply to, and which prepares the way for letting the evidence of everything that led up to the murder, and induced the one man to form the intention of killing the other.  Then take the second part.  I quite admit that if the law were administered by judges only, or by very highly trained persons, you might dispense with it, because you may depend upon them to infer intention from knowledge, but you cannot depend upon a jury to do so; on the contrary, you would continually have people saying, 'Well, the intention with which this act was done was not to kill anybody at all; it was to save a man from custody; it was to effect this or that collateral purpose,' and then you would have the judge obliged to go round, and say, 'You have nothing to do with what the ultimate purpose might be which the person had in view; you must look at his intention, and you must collect his intention from his conduct.'  It is much simpler to say at once what I have said in the second head of this section; that is to say, 'Never mind what the man's intention may have been; that is provided for elsewhere; but, apart from the question of intention altogether, if you go and do a thing which you know will cause death or grievous bodily harm, either to the person killed or to any other person, and it does do so, and you have no excuse for doing that, that is murder.'  It seems to me that that prevents a great many common places which anyone could suggest, which people would be apt to use in defending prisoners.  My own experience of the criminal courts, and the things which are said in defending prisoners, have been always present to my mind in drawing this Bill, and I have put in things to prevent what I may call dishonest defences being set up;  and that particular dishonest defence which consists in bewildering a jury about intentions is one which is very often set up, and by which a jury often is misled.

   Chairman.

332. [Question by the Chairman, Mr. Lowe,  to Stephen]  Could you state any case which would come under the first of these two sub-clauses which will not equally come under the second?

[Stephen] --Well, I do not know that I could; but I think that if the second stood alone, the first would not present itself to the mind.  I do not think, if I may say so, that the object is to use the fewest possible words by which you could possibly show your meaning; the object is to make a full description, rather than a definition, of the crime, a description which amounts to a definition.  Now the state of mind of a man who plots a murder beforehand; and buys a poison for the purpose of murdering a person, and then deliberately contrives it, and murders him, would come under the first head; that is one thing.  The state of mind of a man who goes and explodes a powder barrel in an open street is superficially quite different.  You might, no doubt, say that when Palmer bought strychine, and put it into Cook's pill, he did it with a knowledge that it would cause his death, and therefore his act came within the second head definition.  That would be true, but it is not the natural way of describing the state of his mind; and therefore, although I think the Right honourable Chairman is correct in saying that the first head will always fall within the second head, it is better for the purpose of clearness to have both.  It can do no harm.
 

333.  [Question by the Chairman to Stephen]  What would be the objection to making the second the presumption of law of the first?

[Stephen] --I think that all arbitrary rules of evidence are very difficult to get juries to understand, and are objectionable in themselves.
 

334. [Question by the Chairman to Stephen]  Have you any objection to put the word 'or' between the two?

[Stephen] --None.
 

335.  [Question by the Chairman to Stephen]  But then if you put the word 'or', that does imply a difference between them?

[Stephen] --That is a little minute.  If it is done with both the intention and the knowledge, it falls under each head.
 

336.  [Question by the Chairman to Stephen]  Then some person would get up and argue, 'You must put a construction on these two sentences, which makes them exclude each other'?

[Stephen] --I do not think that he would be heard.
 

337.  [Question by the Chairman to Stephen]  You think that the unwritten law would put him down?

[Stephen] --I think no judge would view it in that light.
 

    Mr. Bristowe.

338.   [Question by Mr. Bristowe, a member of the Committe, to Stephen]  If you say that No. 1 falls within No. 2, will you excuse my asking, what is the reason for putting the two distinctly?

[Stephen] --Because though the one falls within the other, to all common apprehension the two are distinct.  It requires a very logical mind, and a mind very much accustomed to drawing inferences, to see that No. 1 does fall within No. 2.  It is quite true that it does.  I should like to give an instance that occurs to me at this moment from the Copyright Acts.  The Copyright Acts apply to any subject of the Queen.  Well, it has been held that 'subject of the Queen' includes a a person who holds a temporary allegiance to the Queen, and therefore includes a foreigner resident in England at the time of the publication.  Now, I cannot help thinking, that although the words 'subject of the Queen' includes both foreigners and English people, as is shown by the court having held that they do, the Copyright Act would have been much clearer if it had stated, in so many words, that it applied to every person resident in the Queen's dominions." (pp. 162-163 of the Irish Press edition)
 

STRAHORN, John S., "Criminology and the Law of Guilt", (1936) 84 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 491-512 and 600-624; see in particular, the second part of the article at pp. 600-624;
 

STROUD, Douglas Aikenhead, Mens rea  or imputability under the law of England, London : Sweet & Maxwell, 1914, xxxiv, 352 p.; copy at the libary of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, KF9236 S87 1914; the title is a bit misleading as it is more a treatise on the principles of liability;
 

STUART, Donald, "Mens Rea, Negligence and Attempts", [1968] The Criminal Law Review 647-662;
 

___________"Presumed Intention in  Criminal Law", (1967) South African Law Journal 256-260; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa,   FTX Periodicals,  KR 0 .S69;
 

__________"Supporting General Principles for Criminal Responsibility in the Model Penal Code with Suggestions for Reconsideration: A Canadian Perspective",  (2000) 4(1) Buffalo Criminal Law Review 13-51; available on the internet at  http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/bclrarticles/4(1)/Stuartpdf.pdf;  paper presented at the "Model Penal Code (Oct. 29-31, 1999)" Conference organized by the Buffalo Criminal Law Center;
 

SULLIVAN, Denis F., "The Doctrine of Double Effect and the Domains of Moral Responsibility", (2000) 64 The Thomist 423-448; copy at St Paul University Library, Ottawa, periodicals, BQT 4T15 1939-;
 

SULLIVAN, C.R., "Knowledge, Belief and Culpability" in  Stephen Shute, 1955-,  and A.P. Simester, eds., Criminal law Theory : Doctrines of the General Part,  New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, c2002, 332 p. at pp. 207-226, ISBN: 0199243492 (series; Oxford monographs; Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, call number: K5018 C77 2002;
 

SULLIVAN, G.R., "Intent, Subjective Recklessness and Culpability", (1992) 12 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 380-391;
 

SULMASY, Daniel P., "Commentary: Double Effect -- Intention is the Solution, Not the Problem", (2000) 28(1) The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 26-29; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, RA 1001 .L383; title noted in the research but article not read yet as this volume is presently at the bindery (13 January 2002);
 

SULMASY, Daniel P., Edmun D. Pellegrino,"The Rule of Double Effect: Clearing Up the Double Talk", (22 March 1999) 159(6) Archives of Internal  Medicine 545-550;
 

SWANSON, Kelly A., "Criminal Law: Mens Rea Alive and Well: Limiting Public Welfare Offenses -- In re C.R.M.", (2002) 28 William  Mitchell Law Review 1265-1282;
 

SYROTA, George, "A Radical Change in the Law of Recklesness?", [1982] Criminal Law Review 97-106;
 

SZERER, Mieczyslaw, "Rapport - Le problème du dol éventuel",  (1961) 32 Revue internationale de droit pénal 1211-1219 (VIIIe Congrès de l'Association internationale de droit pénal, Lisbonne 21-27 septembre 1961, Les problèmes posés dans le droit pénal moderne par le développement des infractions non intentionnelles");
 

TADROS, Victor, "The Homicide Ladder", (July 2006) 69(4) The Modern Law Review  601-618;

___________"Practical Reasoning and Intentional Action", (2000) 20(1) Legal Studies 104-123; copy at the University ogf Ottawa, law library, FTX periodicals,  K 12 .E357;
 

___________"Recklessness and the Duty to Take Care",  in  Stephen Shute, 1955-,  and A.P. Simester, eds., Criminal law Theory : Doctrines of the General Part,  New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, c2002, 332 p. at pp. 227-258, ISBN: 0199243492 (series; Oxford monographs; Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, call number: K5018 C77 2002;
 

___________"Recklessness, Consent and the Transmission of HIV" (2001) 5 Edinburgh Law Review 371-380; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy of this publication in the Ottawa area libraries; copy at McGill University, Montreal;
 

___________"The system of the criminal law", (2002) 22(3) Legal Studies 448-467, and see "The Deflated General Part: Intention and Knowledge of Virtual Certainty", at pp. 451-455;
 

TAYLOR, GREG, "Concepts of Intention in German Criminal Law", (2004) 24(1) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 99-127;
 

___________“The Intention Debate in German Criminal Law”, (2004) 17(3) Ratio Juris 346-380;
 

TAYLOR, Richard, Action and Purpose, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1966, xv, 269 p., copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT General, BD 450 .T28 1966; philosophical contents;
 

___________"Recklessness - Ruling Out the Risk", (1987) 137 The New Law Journal 231-232 (issue number 6295, 6 March 1987);
 

TEMKIN, J. and L.H. Leigh, "The Kindergarten Area of the Law", (1986) 136 New Law Journal 851-854 (issue number 6270, 5 September 1986);
 

TEMKIN, Jennifer, "The Limits of Reckless Rape", (1983) Criminal Law Review 5-16;
 

THALBERG, Irving, "Hart on Strict Liability and Excusing Conditions" (1971) 81 Ethics 150-160; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, BJ 1 .I6;
 

THÉVENON, Jean-Maurice, L'élément objectif et l'élément subjectif de l'infraction, contribution à l'étude de leurs définitions et de leurs rapports, Lyon : impr. de Paquet, 1942, 176 p.; thèse, Université de Lyon, Faculté de droit, 1942; titre de thèse noté dans ma recherche. Il ne semble pas y avoir une copie de cette thèse au Canada; thèse non consulté;
 

THORTON, W.W., "Intent in Crime",  (1887) 9 The Criminal Law Magazine and Reporter 139-178; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Llibrary; Ottawa;

TIGAR, Michael E., " 'Wilfulness' and 'Ignorance' in Federal Criminal Law", (1989) 37 Cleveland State Law Review 525-547;
 

TOURNAYE, Cécile, "Genocidal Intent before the ICTY", (2003) 52(2) International and Comparative Law Quarterly 447-462;
 

TRAVERS, J.L. and Norval Morris, "Imputed Intent in Murder or Smith v. Smyth", (1961) 35 Australian Law Journal 154-176; also includes discussion by others of this article; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa,  FTX, periodicals, KTA O.A95;
 

TREIMAN, D.A., "Recklessness and The Model Penal Code", (1981) 9 The American Journal of Criminal Law 281-386;
 

TRECHSEL, Stefan, Human Rights in criminal proceedings, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, cx, 611 p., and see "Nullum Crimen Sine Culpa?  The Issue of Mens Rea" at pp. 157-158, ISBN: 0198299362; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KJE 9405 T74 2005;

TRIFFTERER, Otto, "Genocide, its Particular Intent to Destroy in Whole or in Part the Group as Such", (2001) 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 399-408; with the same title in Olympia Bekou and Robert Cryer, eds., The International Criminal Court, Aldershot (Hants, England)/Burlington (VT) : Ashgate/Dartmouth,Ashgate, 2004, 550 p. (series; The Library of Essays in International Law), ISBN: 0754624099;
 

TROMBLE, Katherine R., "Humpty Dumpty on Mens Rea Standards: A Proposed Methodology for Interpretation", (1999) 52 Vanderbilt Law Review 521-556; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library,  FTX Periodicals, KFT 69 .V35;
 

TROWBRIDGE, Delger, "Criminal Intent and Bigamy", (1918-19) 7 California Law Review 1-19; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFC 69 .C335;
 

TULKENS, Françoise, "Prévisibilité et reponsabilité en droit anglo-américain: brève réflexion sur les rapports du droit civil et du droit pénal au départ du mens rea", (1994) 74 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 529-534;
 

TUR, Richard H.S., "Subjectivism and Objectivism" in Stephen Shute, John Gardner and Jeremy Horder, eds., Action and Value in Criminal Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993 and 1996 (first paperback issue), x, 314 p. at pp. 213-237, ISBN: 0198258062 and 0198260792 (pbk.);
 

TURNER, J.W.Cecil, "Mens Rea and Motorists: A Memorandum for Students", (1933-35) 5 The Cambridge Law Journal 61-76;
 

___________"The Mental Element in Crimes at Common Law", (1936) 6 The Cambridge Law Journal 31-66; with the same title in:  L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner, eds., The Modern Approach to Criminal Law, London: University of Cambridge, 1945, x, 511 p., at pp. 195-261 (series; English Studies in Criminal Science, Department of Criminal Science, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge; volume iv);
 

TUSHNET, Mark, "Constitutional Limitation of Substantive Criminal Law : An Examination of the Meaning of  Mullaney v. Wilbur”, (1975) 55 Boston University Law Review 775-802; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX Periodicals, K 2 .O678;
 

UGORJI, Lucius Iwejeru, 1952-, The Principle of Double Effect: A Critical Appraisal of Its Tradition Understanding and Its Modern Reinterpretation, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1985, 150 p., ISBN:  3820456279; note: Originally presented as the author's doctoral thesis, Universität Münster, 1983; copy at the University St Paul, BQT 4 E97 1970 245; philosophy;
 

UNIACKE, Suzanne, "Double Effect, Principle of" in Edward Craig., ed., Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, London & New York: Routledge, 1998, vol. 3 at pp. 120-122, ISBN: 0415073103 for the set of 10 volumes and 0415187087 for vol. 3 only;
 
VAIDYA, Nidhi and Raghuvanshi, Raghvendra Singh, Criminality of Intention - How to Adjudge Mens REA? (February 25, 2010). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1558968; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558968 (accessed on 28 February 2010);

VAN DER LANDEN, D., "Résolutions votées lors des congrès de l'Union internationale de droit pénal (Ordre chronologique)", (1990) 61 Revue internationale de droit pénal 341-353;

"CONGRES DE SAINT-PETERSBOURG (17-20 septembre 1902)

Question 1-  De l'importance que doivent avoir, dans la loi pénale, les éléments psychiques du crime par rapport à ses conséquences matérielles.

1) "Personne n'est punissable en raison des conséquences de ses actes que dans la mesure de celles qu'il a prévues ou pu prévoir"  (p. 349)

VANDERVEEREN, Pascal, "Réflexions sur l'élément moral de l'infraction: la pratique quotidienne des tribunaux face à l'avant-projet [belge] de Code pénal - I", (1987) 106 Journal des tribunaux 185-186 (numéro 5415 du 21 mars 1987); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, FTX Periodicals, KJK 491.3 .J68;
 

VAN DER VYVER, Johan D., "The International Criminal Court and the Concept of Mens Rea in International Criminal Law", (2004) 12 University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review 57-149;

VAN OOSTEN, F.F.W.(Ferdinand Friedrich William), “The psychological fault concept versus the normative fault concept : quo vadis South African criminal law?”, (1995)  58 Tydskrif vir Hedendaagse Romeins-Hollandse Re. (THRHR) = Contemporary Roman-Dutch  Law 361-* and 568-584; texte noté dans ma recherche mais non consulté car ce numéro n'est pas disponible dans les bibliothèques canadiennes;
 

VARN, M. and Anoop Chandola, "A Cognitive Framework for Mens Rea and Actus Reas: The Application of Contactics Theory to Criminal Law", (1999-2000) 35 Tulsa Law Journal 383-397; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX, Periodicals, KFO 1269 .T84;
 

VELIN, Robert A. (Robert Alan), Intentional evidence and deliberation: effects on mock jurors' perceptions, Ph. D. thesis, University of Montana, 1988, vi, 103 leaves; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted yet;
 

VERHAEGEN, Jacques, "Aberratio ictus ou le problème pénal du coup dévié", (1974-75) Revue juridique Zaire, numéro jubilaire 187-194; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article non consulté; aucune bibliothèque n'a ce numéro dans la région d'Ottawa;
 

___________"La définition de l'intention coupable dans les codes pénaux modernes", in Liber Amicorum Frédéric Dumon [1912-], Antwerpen: Kluwer rechtswetenschappen, 1983 aux pp. 527-536, ISBN : 9063211694;
 

___________"Dol et faute lourde en droit pénal" dans Liber Amicorum Marc Châtel [1920-], Antwerpen: Kluwer rechtswetenschappen, 1991, ix, 496 p. aux pp. 454-465, ISBN : 9063216920; titre noté mais article pas encore consulté; aucune copie de ce livre au Canada;
 

___________"Le dol éventuel et sa place en droit pénal belge" dans Liber Amicorum Hermann Bekaert, Gent: Snoeck-Ducaju, 1977, xxiv, 459 p., aux pp. 437-452; copie à  l'Université de Montréal, bibliothèque de droit, AZHD/L695; titre noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté;
 

___________"L'élément intentionnel du délit et la réforme du Code pénal", Journal des Procès [Belgique], 1986, numéro 92, 20 à 23; titre noté dans ma recherche mais aucune copie de cette publication belge disponible au Canada; article non consulté;
 

___________Note, "L'élément psychologique du délit d'outrage public aux moeurs", (1976) Revue critique de jurisprudence belge 187-193; copie à la Bibliothèque de droit, Université d'Ottawa, FTX, périodiques, KJM .R48;
 

___________"L'exigence de l'intention coupable dans les infractions aux lois et règlements particuliers", (1986) 66 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 947-955; avec le même titre dans  (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse (Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copie du numéro de la revue des  Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse, à la bibliothèque de l'Université McGill, Montréal;
 

___________"Faute consciente ou intention coupable?  La ligne de partage", (31 mars 2001) Journal des tribunaux 305-309 (numéro de publication 6006, 120e année);
 

___________"Faute pénale et faute civile" dans (1983) 28 Archives de philosophie pénale 16-28; le volume 28 a pour titre Philosophie pénale;
 

___________"L'imputabilité des conséquences non voulues de l'infraction"  in Liber amicorum Jean Du Jardin, édité par Yves Poullet et Hendrik Vuye, Bruxelles : Editions Kluwer, 2001, xv, 529 p., à la p. 133,  ISBN : 9055837318; article noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté; aucune copie de ce livre au Canada (recherche du 21 décembre 2001);
 

VIDAL, "La conception juridique française de la culpabilité", (1976) 24 Annales de l'Université des sciences sociales de Toulouse (Travaux du Colloque international du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de criminologie et des sciences pénales de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 22-27 septembre 1975); copie à la bibliothèque de droit, Université McGill, Montréal;
 

VIGNON-BARRAULT, Aline,  Intention et responsabilité civile, Thèse, Droit privé, Université du Maine (Le Mans), 2000, 782 p.; directeur de thèse: Denis Mazeaud; le sujet couvre l'intention criminelle; texte non consulté;
 

___________Intention et responsabilité civile...préf. Denis Mazeaud,... Faculté de droit et de science politique d'Aix-Marseille, Institut de droit des affaires, Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2004, 2 vol. (750 p.), ISBN: 273140383 (2 vol.); note:  Texte remanié de : Thèse : Droit privé : Le Mans : 2000;  le sujet couvre l'intention criminelle; titre noté dans mes recherches mais livre non-consulté; ma vérification du catalogue AMICUS de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada du 28 mars 2005 indique aucune localisation dans les bibliothèques canadiennes;
 

VILLEY, Edmond, "De l'intention, de l'ignorance, de l'erreur et de la bonne foi en matière pénale", (1876-1877) La France judiciaire - Partie I aux pp. 313-324; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;
 

____________"De l'intention en matière pénale", (1876-1877) La France judiciaire - Partie I aux pp. 1-8; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;
 

VILLEY, Michel, "La responsabilité chez St Thomas" dans La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du colloque de philosophie pénale (12 au 21 janvier 1959), Paris: Dalloz, 1961, aux pp. 117-133 (Collection; Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg; VIII);
 

VISKY, Karoly, "La responsabilité dans le droit romain à la fin de la République", (1949) 3 Revue internationale des droits de l'Antiquité 437-484;
 

VITORIA, Francisco de, 1486?-1546, Reflection on homicide & Commentary on Summa theologiae IIa-IIae Q. 64 (Thomas Aquinas) / Francisco de Vitoria; translated from the Latin with an introduction and notes by John P. Doyle, Milwaukee : Marquette University Press, [1997],  269 p. (series; Mediaeval philosophical texts in translation ; no. 34), ISBN:  0874622379; titre noté dans ma recherche mais volume pas encore consulté; copie à la Memorial University of Newfoundland, Queen Elizabeth II Library, KBG V57 1997;
 

WAGNER, Emmanuel, La notion d'intention dans la doctrine classique et la jurisprudence contemporaine, Clermont - Ferrand : Faculté de droit et de Science Politique, 1976. thèse Clermont, thèse de doctorat d'État, droit pénal, en droit, Clermont Ferrant I,1976; directeur de thèse: André Vitu; titre de thèse noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté;
 

WARBURTON, Damian, "A Critical Review of English Law in respect of Criminalising Blameworthy Behaviour by HIV + Individuals", (2004) 68(1) The Journal of Criminal Law 55-77;
 

WASIK, M. and M.P. Thompson, " 'Turning a Blind Eye' As Constituting Mens Rea", (1981) 32 Northern Ireland Legal Quaterly 328-342;
 

WASIK, Martin , "Shifting the Burden of Strict Liability" (1982) Criminal Law Review 567-574;
 

___________"Mens Rea, Motive and the Problem of 'Dishonesty' in the Law of Theft", (1979) Criminal Law Review 543-557;
 

WASSWERSTROM, Richard A., "H.L.A. Hart and the Doctrines of Mens Rea and Criminal Responsibility", (1967) The University of Chicago Law Review 92-126;
 

___________"Strict Liability in the Criminal Law" (1959-60) 12 Stanford Law Review 731-745;
 

WATT, Helen, "Conjoined Twins: Separation as Mutilation", (Autumn 2001) 9 Medical Law Review 237-245; theory of double effect;

WEBSTER, Adam, "Recklessness: Awareness, indifference or belief?", (October 2007) 31(5) Criminal Law Journal  272-286;
 

WECHLSLER, Herbert, "La culpabilité et l'infraction l'intention coupable dans le model penal code", Le système pénal des États-Unis d'Amérique / ouvrage publié sous la direction de Marc Ancel et Louis B. Schwartz, Paris: Éditions de L'Épargne, 1964, xi, 273 p., chapitre 2, aux pp. 35-58 (Collection; Les Grands systèmes de droit pénal contemporains; volume 3); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, MRT General,  KF 9225 .A5 1964; xi, 273 p.;
 

___________"On Culpability and Crime: The Treatment of Mens Rea in the Model Penal Code", (1962) 339 The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 24-41;
 

WEIDEL, Ruth Ann, John R. Mayo and F. Michael Zachara, "The Erosion of Mens Rea in Environmental Criminal Prosecutions", (1990-91) 21 Seton Hall Law Review 1100-1124; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa,  FTX Periodicals KFN 1869 .S475;

WEIGEND, Thomas, "Intent, Mistake of Law, and Co-perpetration in the Lubanga Decision on Confirmation of Charges",  (2008) 6 Journal of International Criminal Justice  471-487;
 

WEINBERG, Mark, "The jurisprudence of the Court: criminal law and the criminal process: moral blameworthiness - the 'objective test' dilemma", in Peter Cane, ed., Centenary essays for the High Court of Australia, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2004, at pp. 150-173; title noted in my research but article not consulted (29 April 2007)

___________"Moral blameworthiness -- The 'objective test' dilemma", (2003) 24 Australian Bar Review 173-198, see "Intention -- imputed and oblique", at pp. 176-184; copy at Ottawa University, K 1 .U768  Location: FTX Periodicals;
 

WEINREB, Lloyd L., "Comment on Basis of Criminal Laibility; Culpability; Causation: Chapter 3; Section 610"  in Working Papers of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws,  vol.1, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, xxv, 742 p., at pp. 105-151, see "Requirements for Culpability (Section 302)" at pp. 118-135 and  "Extended Note B 'Wilfulness'" at pp. 148-151;
 

___________"Homicide: 2. Legal Aspects" in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 1st ed., vol. 2 of 4, New York: The Free Press, 1983, pp. 855-866, see "Action Causing Death" at pp. 856-857, ISBN: 0020181100 (set of 4 volumes);
 

WEISS, Deborah M., "Scope, Mistake, and Impossibility: The Philosophy of Language and Problems of Mens Rea", (1983) 83 Columbia Law Review 1029-1064;
 

WELLS, Celia, "The mental element in crime, 1974-1983: lighthouse Some Good", [1984] Criminal Law Review 652-662;
 

WERLE, Gerhard and Florian Jessberger, "International Criminal Justice is Coming Home: The New German Code of Crimes Against International Law", (2002) 13(2) Criminal Law Forum 191-223;

"According to German doctrine, dolus eventualis meets the requirements under section 15 of the German Criminal Code providing for mens rea.  Pursuant to section 2 of tghe CCIL, section 15 is applicable to crimes under the CCIL.  Whether dolus eventualis meets the standard established under article 30(1) of thje ICC Statute is, however, questionable.⁵⁴  In our opinion, the ICC Statute leaves space for an extensive interpretation.   This is in line with the case law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and customary international law.⁵⁵  Hence, in our opinion, the CCIL rightly refrains from making special provision with regard to the mental element.
----
⁵⁴ It seems though that most commentators favour a narrow understanding of article 30 of the ICC Statute, limiting it to dolus directus.  See e.g. L. Sadat, supra note 3, [Leila N. Sadat, The International Criminal Court and the Transformation of International Law (2002)] at p. 128;  W. Schabas, supra note 3, [William A. Schabas, Introduction to the International Criminal Court (2001)]  at p. 86; Thomas Weigend, Zur Frage eines 'internationalen' Allgemeinen Teils, in FESTSCHRIFT FÜR CLAUS ROXIN 1375, 1389 (Klaus Shuenemann et al., eds., 2001); KAI AMBOS, ANSAETZE ZU EINER DOGMATISIERUNG DES FOELKERSTRAFRECHTS 804 (2002).  But see, for the inclusion of dolus eventualis, Donald K. Piragoff, Article 30, in COMMENTARY ON THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT, OBSERVER'S NOTES, ARTICLE BY ARTICLE, supra note 3, [Commentary of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Observer's Notes, Article by Article, Otto Trifferer, ed., 1999]  para 22.

⁵⁵On several occasions the ICTY has held that dolus directus is not required under the ICTY Statute and customary international law; see e.g., Prosecutor v. Delalic (Case No. IT-96-21-T), Judgment, 16 November 1998, paras 435-438; Prosecutor v. Krnojelac (Case No. IT-97-25-T), Judgment, 15 March 2002, para 59 ('accused must at least take the risk that [his acts] are part [of an attack against the civilian population]').  See L. Sadat, supra note 3 [Leila N. Sadat, The International Criminal Court and the Transformation of International Law (2002)], p. 210." (pp. 202-203)

___________" 'Unless Otherwise Provided': Article 30 of the ICC Statute and the Mental Element of Crimes under International Criminal Law", (2005) 3(1) Journal of International Criminal Justice 35-55; important contribution;

WERLE, Gerhard, in cooperation with Florian Jessberger, Wulf Burchards, Volker Nerlich and Belinda Cooper, Principles of International Criminal Law, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, c2005, xii, 485 p., and see "Mental Element", at pp. 99-116, and "Mental Element" for the crime of genocide, at pp. 206-210, ISBN: 9067041963 and 9067042021 (pbk.); copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K5000 .W47 2005;

WESSON, Marianne, "Mens Rea and the Colorado Criminal Code" (1980-81) 52 University of Colorado Law Review 167-221;
 

WEST,  César, Université de France. Faculté de droit de Strasbourg. Thèse pour obtenir le grade de docteur en droit...[Droit civil : Des Ordres de succession. - Droit criminel : De l'intention considérée comme élément du délit. - Juo romanum : De Haereditatibus quae ab intestato deferuntur.], Strasbourg: Imprimerie de G. Silbermann, 1835, 29 p.; titre noté dans ma recherche mais thèse pas encore consultée; information du catalogue de la bibliothèque nationale de France;
 

WESTBROOK, James E., "Mens Rea in the Juvenile Court", (1965) 5 Journal Family Law 121-138; copy at Ottawa University, Law library, KFK 94. J653, FTX, note: the journal is now entitled the Brandeis Law Journal;
 

WHARTON, Francis, 1820-1889, Philosophy of Criminal Law, Holmes Beach (Florida):  Gaunt, 1989 , iv, 326 p. see Chapter iv, "Malice" at pp. 145-159 (reprint of Philadelphia: Kay & Bro., 1880); also published as part of  A Treatise on criminal law, 9th ed.,  Philadelphia : Kay and Bro., 1885,  2 v., xi, 917 p.; copy of this treatise at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, rare book;
 

___________A Treatise on the Law on the Law of Homicide in the United States: to which is appended a series of leading cases, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Kay and Brother, 1875, xli, 793 p., see Chapter II. Elementary Principles of malice" at pp. 10-23; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KF 9305 W42 1875;

Research note by François Lareau, 13 August 2002

I noticed this book a few years ago but it disappeared from the shelves of the library of the Supreme Court of Canada where it was located in the unclassified and uncatalogued section of the library.  In August 2002, I noticed, it was back on the shelves, catalogued and with a new binding.  Prettier than ever!  It is a rare book by Canadian standards.  Wharton was an important American scholar in the XIXth century along with Bishop, his adversary in publishing.  Joshua Dressler has written about him in his thesis.  Like Stephen and Austin, Wharton possessed a knowledge of comparative law, especially German law.  This chapter II is quite remarkable as he discusses the authors,  Decian, Carpzov, and topics such as dolus directus etc.  This chapter demonstrates his scholarship.

At the time of this edition, Wharton was about 55 years old and probably at the height of his intellectual knowledge of criminal law. It is an ntellectual delight to read him quoting, here and there, French, German and Latin authors. A book to collect.

WHITE, Alan R., 1922-, "Carelessness and Recklessness - A Rejoinder", (1962) 25 The Modern Law Review 437-441;
 

__________ "Carelessness, Indifference and Recklessness", (1961) 24 The Modern Law Review 592-595;
 

__________Grounds of Liability: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law, New York: Oxford University Press, 1985, x, 128p., see Chapter 6, "Intention" at pp. 63-92 and Chapter 7, "Negligence and Recklessnes" at pp. 93-112, ISBN: 019876191 and 0197876197X (pbk.);
 

__________ "Intention, Purpose, Foresight and Desire", (1976) 92 The Law Quarterly Review 569-590;
 

___________Misleading Cases, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991, [vi], 144 p., ISBN: 0198256884; see Chapter 3, "Recklessness and Awareness", pp. 31-46; Chapter 4, "Intention and Knowledge", pp. 47-61; Chapter 5, "Conditional Intention", pp. 63-72; Chapter 6, "Dishonesty", pp. 73-79; and Chapter 10, "Belief, pp. 127-134;
 

_________The Nature of Knowledge, Totowa, N.J. : Rowman and Littlefield, 1982, vii, 133 p. (series; APQ library of philosophy); copy at the University of Ottawa, General Library, MRT General,  BD 161 .W43 1982; philosophy;

WHITE, Dorcas, "The Fault Element and Strict Liability", in Francis Alexis, P.K. Menon, and Dorcas White, eds., Commonwealth Caribbean Legal Essays, Cave Hill (Barbados): University of the West Indies, Faculty of Law,  1982, iv, 303 p., at pp. 286-303; note: "UWI Law Faculty decennial (1970-80) lectures"; title noted in my research but article not consulted (1 May 2007);
 

WHITING, Roger, "Thoughts on dolus eventualis", (1988) 3 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 440-446;

WIKIPEDIA -- The Free Encyclopedia:

WILEY, John Shepard, "Not Guilty By Reason of Blamelessness: Culpability in Federal Criminal Interpretation", (1999) 85 Virginia Law Review 1021-1162;
 

WILLIAMS, Glanville, 'Absolute Liability' in Traffic Offences" [1967] Criminal Law Review 142-151 and 194-208;
 

___________"Carelessness, Indifference and Recklessness: Two Replies", (1962) 25 The Modern Law Review 49-58;
 

___________"Constructive Malice Revived", (1960) 23 The Modern Law Review 605-629; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KD 322 .M62;
 

___________"Divergent Interpretations of Recklessness I and II", (1982) 132 New Law Journal 289-290 (for Part I, issue of 25 March 1982) and 313-314 (for Part II, issue of 1 April 1982); copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX Periodicals KD 322 .N49;
 

___________"Intention and Recklessness Again", (1982) 2 Legal Studies 189-197;
 

___________"Letters to the Editors: Recklessness and the House of Lords", (1981) Criminal Law Review 580-582;
 

___________"The Mens Rea for Murder: Leave it Alone", (1989) 105 The Law Quarterly Law Review 387-397; reply to Lord Goff of Chieveley; copy at the law library, University of Ottawa,  FTX Periodicals, KD 322 .L37; also published in House of Lords, Select Committee on Murder and Life Imprisonment, Report of the Select Committee on Murder and Life Imprisonment, Volume I - Report and Appendices, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1989, 126 p., at pp. 121-126 (series; HL Paper 78-I, Session 1988-89), ISBN: 0104868899 (Président : L. Nathan);
 

___________The Mental Element in Crime, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, 1965, 121 p. (series; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lionel Cohen Lectures, Eleventh Series - 1965);
 

___________"The Mental Element in Crime", (1957) 27 Revista Juridica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico 193-213;
 

___________"The Mental Element in Crime, The Law Commission's Report No. 89 - (1) The Meaning of Terms", [1978] Criminal Law Review 588-592;
 

___________"The Mental Element in Murder", (1974) 33 Cambridge Law Journal 200-202; copy at the law library of the University of Ottawa, FTX,  KD 322 .C329;
 

___________"Oblique Intention", [1987] Cambridge Law Journal 417-438;
 

___________"The Problem of Reckless Attempts", [1983] Criminal Law Review 365-375;
 

___________"Rationality in murder - a reply", (1991) 11 Legal Studies 204-206; reply to W. Wilson, "A plea for rationality in the law of murder", infra;
 

___________"Recklessness Redefined", (1981) Cambridge Law Journal  252-283;
 

___________Salmond on Jurisprudence, 11th ed. by Glanville Williams, London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1957, xxix, 550 p., see Chapter 18, "Intention and Negligence" at pp. 410-432; copy at the University of Ottawa, Law Library,  FTX General, K 230 .S3 1957;
 

___________"The unresolved problem of recklessness", (1988) 8 Legal Studies 74-91;
 

WILLIAMS, Glenys N., The Concepts of intention and causation in medical non-killing, Ph.D.Thesis, University of Wales, 2003, xlviii, 298 leaves; thesis not consulted;

___________Intention and causation in medical non-killing, Abingdon (UK)/ New York: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007, xvii, 221 p., ISBN : 9781844720279  9780415423021 (pbk.) ; contents: " The concept of intention -- The principle of double effect -- Acts and omissions -- Causation -- Does a patient who refuses treatment commit suicide? -- Does a doctor who withdraws treatment assist in a patient’s suicide? (catalogue Hollis, Harvard University); copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Ottawa, KF 3827E87 W55; limited preview available at http://books.google.com/books?id=BWlH0Rw__2kC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22criminal+law%22+date:2007-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 and
http://books.google.com/books?id=BWlH0Rw__2kC&dq=%22criminal+law%22+date:2007-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (accessed on 22 August 2008);
 

__________"The Principle of Double Effect and Terminal Sedation", (Spring 2001) 9(1)  Medical Law Review 41-53;
 

WILLIAMS, Glenys and Gavin Dingwall, "Inferring Intention", (2004) 55(1) Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69-77; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada and at the University of Ottawa, KDK 87 .N67  Location FTX Periodicals;
 

WILLIAMS, Jenny, "Reduction in the Protection for Mentally Ill Criminal Defendants: Kansas Upholds the Replacement of the M'Naughten Approach
With the Mens Rea Approach, Effectively Eliminating the Insanity Defense [State v. Bethel, 66 P.3d 840 (Kan. 2003)]", (2004) 44(1) Washburn Law Journal 213-245; available at  http://washburnlaw.edu/wlj/44-1/ (accessed on 20 October 2005);
 

WILSON, William, "Doctrine and Responsibility after Woolin", (1999) 62 The Modern Law Review 448-463;
 

___________Central Issues in Criminal Theory, Oxford (England)/Portland (Oregon): Hart Publishing, 2002, ix, 380 p., see Chapter 5, "Intention, Motives and Desert", at pp. 129-159, ISBN: 1841130621; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada K5018 W55 2002 c. 01;

___________"Law Commission Consultation Paper No. 177 -- A New Homicide Act for England and Wales?  The Structure of Criminal Homicide", [June 2006] The Criminal Law Review 471-485;
 

___________"A plea for rationality in the law of murder", (1990) 10 Legal Studies 307-324; see reply by Glanville Williams, "Rationality in murder - a reply", supra;
 

___________"Rejoinder - a plea for excuses", (1991) 11 Legal Studies 207-210; reply to Glaville Williams;
 

WILSON, William, “Murder and the Structure of Homicide” in Andrew Ashworth and Barry Mitchell, eds., Rethinking English Homicide Law, Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press, 2000, xx, 205 p., at pp. 21-54, ISBN: 0198299044 and 019829915X (pbk);  copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, KF9305 R48 2000;
 

WINDFIELD, Percy H., "The Myth of Absolute Liability", (1926) 42 The Law Quarterly Review 37-51;
 

WINKEL, Laurens, " 'Sciens dolo malo" et "ope consiliove' : ancêtres des conceptions modernes?" in J.A. Ankum, sous la direction de, Mélanges Felix Wubbe: offerts par ses collègues et ses amis à l'occasion de son soixante-dixième anniversairee, Fribourg (Suisse) : Éditions  universitaires, 1993, xxi, 615 p., aux pp. 571-585, ISBN:  2827106256; copy at the University of Toronto, John P. Robarts Research Library (Humanities and Social Sciences), K/179/M44/1993; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy of this book is found in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

WINSLADE, William J., "Recklessness", (1970) 30 Analysis 135-140;
 

__________ "Brady on Recklessness", (1972) 33 Analysis 31-32;
 

WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig, 1889-1951, Philosophical Investigations, translated by G.E.M. Anscome, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968, viii, 250 p., ISBN: 0631119000; translation of: Philosophische Untersuchungen;
 

WONG, Sally Cheung-Fung, Cognition and Volition in Obessive-Compulsive Disorder: Implications for Mens Rea, Actus Reus and Legal Insanity, Ph.D. thesis, California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley/Alameda, 1998, 105 p.; see summary at Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 59-06, Section: B, page: 3079; thesis not consulted;.
 

WOODWARD, P.A. (Paul A.), ed., The doctrine of double effect : philosophers debate a controversial moral principle, Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, c2001, vi, 317 p., ISBN:  0268008973; copy at the University of Manitoba Libraries, Elizabeth Dafoe Library, BJ 1500 D68 D63 2001; title noted but articles not consulted yet; no copy of this book in the Ottawa area libraries;
 

YAFFE, Gideon, "Conditional Intent And Mens Rea", (December 2004) 10(4) Legal Theory  273-310;
 

YEO, Stanley Meng Heong, Fault in Homicide: Towards a Schematic Approach to the Fault Elements for Murder and Involontary Manslaughter in England, Australia and India, Annandale (NSW, Australia): The Federation Press and Sydney (NSW, Austrralia): The Institute of Criminology, University of Sydney, 1997, xv, 312 p., (series; The Institute of Criminology Monograph Series; No. 7), ISBN: 1862872759;
 

___________"Lavender: Court of Criminal Appeal of New South Wales: The composition of the mens rea of negligent manslaughter -- The relevance of the accused's honest and reasonable belief in the safety of his conduct -- the meaning of 'maliciously' under s. 5 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) -- the effect of s. 5 on s. 18(2)(a) of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)",  [2004] NSWCCA 120", (2004) 28(5) Criminal Law Journal 307-312;
 

___________"Recklessness under the Indian Penal Code", (1988) 30 Journal of the Indian Law Institute 293-308; copy at the law library , University of Ottawa, Periodicals, KPN .J695;
 

YESAKOV, G.A. (Gennady A.), [in Russian] Mens Rea in Criminal Law of the United States of America: Historical and Legal Research / Preface by Doctor of Law, Professor O. F. Shishov,  St. Petersburg : “Yuridichesky Center Press”, 2003, 553 p. ISBN: 5942012326, note: J.D. Candidate Thesis, Moscow State Law Academy, Moscow, 2002, 410 p.;  see more information on the book at: http://juridcenter.ru/shop/?mode=books&sub=item&old_sub=list&item_offset=0&category=20&id=191&PHPSESSID=906af6b5a86724fbf4250e8ca278b5a7 (accessed on 13 September 2003); thesis & book not consulted yet; for more information, contact Mr. Yesakov at scorhor@conternet.ru;

"[Summary in English] In the monograph it is made an attempt to consider one of the central categories of Anglo-American criminal law – category mens rea as subjective element of criminal act – in the historical aspect on the example of the United States of America. Adhering to a historical dogmatic approach the author examines in detail the roots of mens rea in common law of England; reception of the latter by American law and further landmarks of the development of the category mens rea on the American soil. Without limiting himself to particularly theoretical questions the author aims at showing practical application of doctrinal conceptions in American law on the example of the doctrine about mistake of law, felony-murder and procedural aspects of proof of mens rea. Special attention in the work is paid to the analysis of the Model Penal Code 1962 and modern American criminal legislation and case-law." (source: received from the author)

YOUNG, Douglas R., "Rethinking the Specific - General Intent Doctrine in California Criminal Law", (1975) 63 California Law Review 1352-1378; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX Periodicals, KFC 69 .C335;
 

ZAIBERT, Leo A., 1966-, “Collective Intentions and Collective Intentionality”, (2003) 60(1) American Journal of Economics and Sociology 209-232; with the same title in Lawrence Moss and David Koepsell, eds., John Searle'se and the Institutions of Social Reality; Extensions, Criticisms, and Reconstructions, Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing, c2003, vi, 313 p., at pp. 209-232, ISBN: 1405112573 and 1405112581 (pbk);
 

___________Five ways Patricia can kill her husband : a theory of intentionality and blame, Chicago: Open Court, 2005, xii, 261 p., ISBN: 9780812695762; see table of contents at http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0514/2005015102.html and book description at http://www.opencourtbooks.com/books_n/five_ways.htm  (accessed on 14 April 2008); title noted in my research but book not consulted -- no copy in the Ottawa area libraries according to my verification of 14 April 2008 of AMICUS, the catalogue of  Library and Archives Canada; see review of book by FERRANTE, supra;
 

___________“Intentionality and Wickedness”, in Daniel M. Haybron, ed., Earth's Abominations: Philosophical Studies of Evil, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2002, viii, 166 p., at pp. 33-51 (series; Value inquiry book series  0929-8436 v. 120), ISBN: 9042012781; title noted in my research but book not consulted; my verification of the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada indicates that no Candian libraries in the Ottawa area has this book (28 March 2005); limited preview at http://books.google.com/books?id=GoFMfAtXSagC&pg=PA43&dq=intention
+%22dolus+eventualis%22&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=U7LPR-j2CIvaiQGSoeSrBQ&sig=xKwbuYvfrkr0l0NanD9OTZuKIUs#PPA33,M1 and http://books.google.com/books?id=GoFMfAtXSagC&dq=intention+%22dolus+eventualis%22&lr=&as_brr=0&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (accessed on 6 March 2008);
 

___________"Intentionality, Voluntariness, and Culpability: A Historical-Philosophical Analysis", (1998) 1 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 459-500; also published in Richard O. Brooks and James Bernard Murphy, 1958-, eds., Aristotle and Modern Law, Aldershot (England): Dartmouth and Burlington (Vermont): Ashgate, 2003, xxxi, 689 p., at pp. 263-304, (series; Philosophers and Law; series editor: Tom Campbell), ISBN: 075462143X; copy of the book at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K235 A75 2003;
 

ZEITLIN, Solomon, 1892-, "Studies in Tannaitic Jurisprudence: Intention as a legal principle", (October 1919) 1(3) Journal of Jewish lore and philosophy 295-311; copy at the University St Paul University Library, Ottawa, Periodicals, PER BM 1 J68 1919; also published in Studies in Tannaitic jurisprudence, Cincinnati, Ark publishing co., 1920-;
 

ZHU, Jing, "Intention and Volition", (2004) 34(2) Canadian Journal of Philosophy 175-193; copy at the University of Ottawa, B1 .C3, Location: MRT Periodicals;

ZILA, Josef, "Intent in criminal Law: recent developments in the Swedish jurisprudence and case law" (2004), issue III,  Juridica 183-188; summary in English; article not consulted;

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