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updated and corrections / mise à jour et corrections: 27 December 2011
 

- To assist researchers, please do not hesitate to suggest titles to these bibliographies.  Thank you.
- Pour le bénéfice de tous, n'hésitez pas à suggérer des ajouts aux bibliographies.  Merci.
flareau@rogers.com
 

by / par ©François Lareau, 1998-, Ottawa, Canada

Selected Bibliography on
Omissions in Criminal Law--
Canadian Law

--------

Bibliographie choisie sur
l'omission en droit pénal
canadien
------
See also/Voir aussi: • Omissions: Comparative Law / Droit comparé-
                    • Command Responsibility / Responsabilité des commandants
                                   • Canadian Law / Droit canadien
                                   • Comparative Law / Droit comparé
                              • Impossibility /Impossibilité        
-----

ANAND, Sanjeev .S., "Criminal Law Course -- Class Notes -- Omission  --5 Lectures ", Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, these 5 lectures are available at  http://www.law.ualberta.ca/courses/anand/criminal/index.htm (accessed on 28 March 2003);
 

BARNHORST, Sherrie-1948 and Richard Barnhorst, 1947-, Criminal Law and the Canadian Criminal Code, 3rd ed., Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1996, xxxii, 414 p., see pp. 241-248 on "Duties Tending to Preservation of Life",  ISBN: 007552757X;
 

BARAKETT, Francine Drouin et Pierre-Gabriel  Jobin, "Une modeste loi du bon samaritain pour le Québec", (1976) 54 Revue du Barreau canadien 290-308;

BARIBEAU, Louis, "Code des professions: Le syndic peut forcer un tiers à lui fournir des informations", (juin 2007) 39(6) Le Journal Barreau du Québec 30; concerne l'arrêt Pharmascience inc. c. Binet, [2006] 2 R.C.S. 513, disponible à  http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/fr/2006/2006csc48/2006csc48.html (site visité le 17 juin 2007);
 

BARREAU DU QUÉBEC, «La nouvelle codification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Canada - Mémoire sur la nouvelle codification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Canada présenté à la Ministre de la Justice et au Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général», mai 1992, publié dans CANADA, Chambre des Communes, Procès-verbaux et témoignages du Sous-comité sur la Recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général, infra, fascicule numéro 4, 16 juin 1992 aux pp. 4A:36 à 4A:70, voir en particulier: «2.1 Les omissions et les devoirs» aux pp. 4A:56 à 4A:57; also published in English - translation / aussi publié en anglais - traduction, "The New Codification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Canada - Brief of the New Codification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Canada - Presented to the Minister of Justice and to the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General", May 1992, published in Canada, House of Commons, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub-Committee on the recodification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General, infra, issue number 4, 16 June 1992, at pp. 4A:1 to 4A:35, see in particular, "2.1 Omissions and duties" at pp. 4A:21 to 4A:22;
 

BAUDOUIN, Jean-Louis, 1938-, et Patrice Deslauriers, Baudouin - La responsabilité civile, 5ième édition, Cowansville: Éditions Yvon Blais, 1998, xliv, 1684 p., voir «faute d'action - Faute d'omission», paragraphes 143-144 aux pp. 106-107, ISBN: 2894512562;

BEAUCHEMIN, Malorie, "Récidivistes de l'alcool au volant aux urgences: Le ministre Dupuis rejette la levée du secret professionnel", La Presse, mercredi, 5 décembre 2007, p. A16; voir sur ce sujet les articles de DE MONTIGNY, infra et BRETON, supra;

BEAUDOIN, Lise I., "Loi sur la police -- Obligation de dénonciation", Le Journal du Barreau, 1er septembre 2003, p. 3;
 

BESSNER, Ronda, "The Duty to Report Child Abuse", (1999-2000) 17 Canadian Family Law Quarterly 277-326,  see "Should a Duty to Report Child Abuse Exist in the Criminal Code" at pp. 315-325;
 

___________"The Duty to Report  Child Abuse", presented at Justice Conference in 1999, available at  http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/yj/rp/doc/Paper106.pdf (accessed on 17 January 2004);

___________"Persons who Fail to Disclose their HIV/AIDS Status: Conclusions Reached by an Expert Group", (1 March 2005) 31(5) CCDR(Canada Communicable Disease Report) 54-61, available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/05pdf/cdr3105.pdf (accessed on 5 May 2009); also published in French / aussi publié en français, "Non-divulgation de sa séropositivité à l'égard du VIH/SIDA: Conclusions d'un groupe de travail d'experts", (1er mars 2005) 31(5) RMTC (Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada) 54-61, disponible à  http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/05pdf/cdr3105.pdf  (vérifié le 5 mai 2009);
 

BOYLE, Christine,"Commentary",  in  Don Stuart, 1943-,  R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., at pp. 146-155, see "Omissions" at pp. 154-155, ISBN: 045927077X; comments on Professor Stuart's proposals on the General Part, see Stuart, "A Case for a General Part", infra;
 

BRAITHWAITE, W.J., "Developments in Criminal Law and Procedure: The 1978-79 Term", (1980) 1 Supreme Court Law Review 187-248, see "Omissions" at pp. 213-221 discussing Moore v. The Queen, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 195;
 

BRETON, Pascale, "Alcool au volant.  Une urgentologue dénonce les récidivistes", La Presse, Mardi le 4 décembre 2007, p. A7; l'urgentologue est la docteur Catherine De Montigny, Hôtel-Dieu de Saint-Jérôme; sur le même reportage, voir les articles de BEAUCHEMIN, Malorie, supra et de DE MONTIGNY, infra;

BURBIDGE, George Wheelock, A Digest of the Criminal Law of Canada (Crimes and Punishments) Founded By Permission on Sir James Fitzjames Stephen's Digest of the Criminal Law, Toronto: Carswell, 1890. lxii, 588 p. (reprint in Toronto: Carswell, 1980), see pp. 203-208, "Chapter XXIII Of Culpable Negligence and of Duties Tending to the Preservation of Life", art. 267: Death or bodily injury caused by omission to discharge a legal duty; art. 268: Causing death by omissions other than those mentioned in article 267; art. 269: Duty to provide necessaries of life; art. 270: Delegation of duty defined in article 269; art. 271: When direct performance of duty impossible; art. 272: Duty of care in doing dangerous acts; art. 273: Duty of persons doing acts requiring special skill or knowledge;
 

CAIRNS-WAY, Rosemary and Renate Mohr, Toni Pickard and Phil Goldman: Dimension of Criminal Law, 2nd ed., Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 1996, xxvi, 999 p., ISBN: 0920722822, see "Omissions: Thinking More About Doctrine" at pp. 417-436;
 

CAIRNS-WAY, Rosemary, 1956-, Dimensions of Criminal Law -- Toni Pickard, Phil Goldman, Renate M. Mohr, 3rd ed., Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications, 2002, xxvi, 1004 p., on omissions, see  pp. 497-514, ISBN: 155239050; copy at Ottawa University, location: FTX general, KE 8808.5 .P528 2002;
 

CANADA, Department of Justice Canada and James W. O'Reilly, Toward a New General Part of the Criminal Code of Canada - Details on Reform Options -, [Ottawa]: [Department of Justice Canada], [December 1994], ii, 50 p., see "The Physical Element" at pp. 5-7 and the proposed section 45.1 at p. 49;available at my Digital Library, at http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html; also published in French/aussi publié en français: Ministère de la Justice Canada et James W. O'Reilly, Pour une nouvelle codification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Canada - Options de réforme -, [Ottawa]: [Ministère de la Justice Canada], [décembre 1994], ii, 51 p., voir «L'élément matériel» aux pp. 5-7 et la proposition sur le nouvel article 45.1 à la p. 50; disponible à ma bibliothèque digitale à http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html;
 

CANADA, Department of National Defence, The Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces (1994 Revision), 4 vol., [Ottawa]; see vol. 1 entitled  Adninistrative (http://www.dnd.ca/admfincs/subjects/qr_o/vol1/intro_e.asp), article 5.01; information on the French version/informations sur la version française: CANADA, Ministère de la défense, Ordonnances et règlements royaux applicables aux forces canadiennes (Révision de 1994), 4 vol., voir le vol. 1, Adninistration (http://www.dnd.ca/admfincs/subjects/qr_o/vol1/intro_e.asp), article 5.01;

"5.01 – GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF NON-COMMISSIONED MEMBERS

 A non-commissioned member shall: ...

(e) report to the proper authority any infringement of the pertinent statutes, regulations, rules, orders and instructions governing the conduct of any  person subject to the Code of Service Discipline."

----------------------

"5.01 – RESPONSABILITÉS GÉNÉRALES DES MILITAIRES DU RANG

Un militaire du rang doit : [...]

e) signaler aux autorités compétentes toute infraction aux lois, règlements,  règles, ordres et directives pertinents qui régissent la conduite de toute personne justiciable du code de discipline militaire."
 

CANADA, Department of Justice Canada, Reforming the General Part of the Criminal Code: A Consultation Paper, [Ottawa]; [Department of Justice Canada], [November 1994], v, 35 p. and see p. 39; available at my Digital Library, at http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html; also published in French/aussi publié en français: Ministère de la Justice Canada, Projet de réforme de la Partie générale du Code criminel, [Ottawa], [Ministère de la Justice Canada], [Novembre 1994], v, 39 p., voir à la p. 39; disponible à ma bibliothèque digitale à http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html;

CANADA, Government of Canada, House of Commons, Bill C-22, An  Act respecting the mandatory reporting of Internet child pornography by persons who provide an Internet service, first reading 6 May 2010, available at http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/403/Government/C-22/C-22_1/C-22_1.PDF (accessed 20 May 2010);

CANADA, The Minister of Justice of Canada,  Proposals to Amend the Criminal Code (general principles), [Ottawa], [Department of Justice Canada], 28 June 1993, 17 p., see in particular pp. 2 and 15; available at my Digital Library, at http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html; also published in French/aussi publié en français : Ministre de la Justice du Canda, Proposition de modification du Code criminel (principes généraux), [Ottawa], [MInistère de la Justice Canada], 28 ¸juin 1993, 17 p., voir en particulier les pp. 2 et 15; disponible à ma bibliothèque digitale à http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html;

C ANADA, House of Commons, Bill C-455, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (duty to provide assistance), First reading on 12 June 2007, by Mr. Holland, M.P., available at http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/391/Private/C-455/C-455_1/C-455_1.PDF; also published in French/aussi publié en français : CANADA, Chambre des communes, projet de loi C-455, Loi modifiant le Code criminel (obligation de porter secours), première lecture le 12 juin 2007, par M. Holland, disponible à http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Bills/391/Private/C-455/C-455_1/C-455_1.PDF;

CANADA, House of Commons,  Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub-Committee on the recodification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General, [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1992-1993,  11 Issues:  no. 1: 25, 26, 30 March  1992, 12 May and  8 June 1992; no. 2: 15 June 1992; no. 3: 16 June 1992; no. 4: 16 June 1992; no. 5: 2 and 18 November. 1991; no. 6: 19 November 1992; no. 7: 23 November 1992; no. 8: 24 November 1992; no. 9: 26 November. 1992; no. 10: 8 December  1992; no. 11: 10 December 1992 and  2, 4, and 16 February 1993; note that the 11th issue consists of the report:  First Principles: Recodifying the General Part of the Criminal Code of Canada: Report of the Sub-Committee on the Recodification of the General part of the Criminal Code of the Standing Committee on Justice and the Sollicitor General and in that report see Chapter VI, "Liability for Omissions" at pp. 23-27; also published in French / aussi publié en français: Chambre des Communes, Procès-verbaux et témoignages du Sous-comité sur la Recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général,  [Ottawa]: I'Imprimeur de la Reine pour le Canada, 1992-1993, 11 fasicules : 1: 25, 26, 30 mars 1992, 12 mai, 8 juin 1992; 2: 15 juin 1992; 3: 16 juin 1992; 4: 16 juin 1992; 5: 2 et 18 novembre 1991; 6: 19 novembre 1992; 7: 23 novembre 1992; 8: 24 novembre 1992; 9: 26 novembre 1992; 10: 8 décembre 1992; 11: 10 décembre 1992 et 2,4,16 février 1993; noter que le 11e fasicule contient le rapport : Principes de base: recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Canada.  Rapport du Sous-comité sur la recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Canada du Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général et voir dans ce rapport, le chapitre VI, «Les infractions par omission», aux pp. 25-29;
 

CANADA, House of Commons, Criminal Law Reform Act, 1984, Bill C-19, First reading (tabled by the Minister of Justice), 7 February 1984 (32th Parliament, 2nd Session), died on the order paper; also published in French / aussi publié en français: Loi de 1984 sur la réforme du droit pénal, Projet de loi C-19, Première lecture (présenté par le ministre de la Justic e), 7 février 1984 (32^e législature, 2^e session), mort au feuilleton;

"Fraud
    338.  (1) Every one commits fraud who, without a claim of right, by means of dishonest representation, dishonest non-disclosure or dishonest exploitation, induces any person to relinquish property, to provide or to suffer a financial loss.

Dishonest non-disclosure
    (2) Non disclosure is dishonest where

(a) the accused knowingly fails to make a disclosure in circumstances where a duty to disclose arises from a special relationship that entitles the complainant to rely on the accused;

(b) the accused by his conduct, knowingly creates or reinforces a false impression in the complainant's mind;

(c) the accused knows that conduct of a third party acting with the accused has created or reinforced a false impression in the complainant's mind; or

(d) the accused or a third party acting with the accused prevents the complainant from acquiring information that the accused knows is likely to affect the decision or judgement of the complainant."
(Proposed new offence of fraud, clause 77 (part of), pp. 76-77)

----------------------------

"Fraude
    338. (1) Commet une fraude quiconque par déclaration malhonnête, réticence malhonnête ou exploitation malhonnête et sans revendication de droit amène une autre personne à céder un bien, à lui fournir un service ou à encouruir une perte financière.

Réticence malhonnête
    (2) La réticence est malhonnête lorsque:

a) l'accusé fait sciemment défaut de communiquer des renseignements au plaignant dans le cas où une relation particulière autorisant le plaignant à s'en remettre à l'accusé l'obligeait à le faire;

b) l'accusé, par son comportement, crée ou renforce sciemment une fausse impression dans l'esprit du plaignant;

c) l'accusé sait que le comportement d'un tiers, agissant de concert avec lui, a créé ou renforcé une fausse impression dans l'esprit du plaignant; ou

d) l'accusé ou un tiers agissant de concert avec lui empêche le plaignant d'obtenir des renseignements que l'accusé sait être de nature à influencer son jugement ou sa décision." (Partie de l'article 77 concernant l'infraction de fraude, aux pp. 76-77)

CANADA, House of Commons, Bill C-203, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (terminally ill persons), first reading 16 May 1991, bill tabled by the member of Parliament Mr. Wenman; see the Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of Legislative Committee H on Bill C-203 (Sep.-Nov. 1991 and Feb. 1992); also published in French / aussi publié en français: CANADA, Chambre des communes, Projet de Loi C-203, Loi modifiant le Code criminel (personnes en phase terminale), première lecture le 16 mai 1991, présenté par le député monsieur Wenman; voir aussi les procès-verbaux et témoignages du Comité législatif H sur le Projet de loi C-203 (sept. - nov. 1991 et février 1992);
 

CANADA, Senate, Of Life and Death: Report of the Special Senate Committee on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1995, xi, 91, [173] p., ISBN: 0662217292; also published in French / aussi publié en français: CANADA, Sénat, De la vie et de la mort: Rapport du Comité sénatorial spécial sur l'euthanasie et l'aide aau suicide, Ottawa: Ministère des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, 1995, xi, 93, [178] p., ISBN: 066299180X;
 

CANADA, Senate, Subcommittee to Update Of Life and Death of the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology, Quality End-of-Life Care: The Right of Every Canadian -- Final Report, Ottawa, June 2000, vii, 68 p.(Chair: The Honourable Sharon Carstairs; Deputy Chair: The Honourable Gérald A. Beaudoin);  also published in French / aussi publié en français: CANADA, Sénat, Sous-comité de mise à jour de De la vie et de la mort du Comité sénatorial permanent des affaires sociales, des sciences et de la technologie, Des soins de fin de vie de qualité: chaque canadien et canadienne y a droit -- Rapport Final, Ottawa, juin 2000, vii, 74 p. (Présidente: L'honorable Sharon Carstairs; Vice-président: L'honorable Gérald A. Beaudouin);
 

CANADA/PROVINCES, Report of the Working Group on Chapter 2 of the Law Reform Commission of Canada Report 30 "Recodifying Criminal Law", [Ottawa]; [Department of Justice Canada], January 1988, v, 118 p.; Research Notes:  this report is cited in the Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1988-1989 - 18th Annual Report, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1989 at p. 37, ISBN: 0662573013.  Chapter 2 of report 30  is entitled "Principles of Liability" and  includes proposals on omissions. This report was submitted to the Federal-Provincial Coordination Committee of Senior Justice Officials.  Members of the Working Group were from: the Department of Justice Canada, and from the following provincial Attorney General departments or Ministries/Departments of Justice: Québec, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and  British Columbia. This report is available from the Department of Justice Canada.  It was obtained by François Lareau under Access to Information Request number A98-00184;available at http://www.lareau-legal.ca/WorkingGroupGeneralPartEnglish2.pdf and at my Digital Library, http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html; also available in French / aussi disponible en français: CANADA/PROVINCES,  Rapport du Groupe de travail chargé de l'étude du chapitre 2 du Rapport no 30 de la Commission de réforme du droit du Canada "Pour une nouvelle codification du droit pénal" (Volume I), [Ottawa]: [Ministère de la Justice Canada],  janvier 1988, vi, 134 p.; Notes de recherche :  ce rapport est mentionné dans Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1988-1989, Dix-huitième Rapport annuel,  Ottawa : Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1989,  à la p. 40, ISBN: 0662573013.  Le chapitre 2 du rapport 30 a pour titre «Principes régissant la responsabilité» et comprend des dispositions sur l'omission.  Ce rapport a été soumis au Comité fédéral-provincial de coordination composé de fonctionnaires de niveau supérieur de la justice.  Les membres du groupe de travail proviennent du Ministère de la Justice Canada et des ministères des procuereurs généraux /ministères provinciaux de la justice de: l'Ontario, Québec, Nouvelle-Écosse, Saskatchewan, Albert et Columbie-Britannique. Ce rapport est disponible au Ministère de la Justice Canada.  Il a été obtenu par François Lareau suite à une demande d'accès à l'information numéro A-98-00177; disponible à http://www.lareau-legal.ca/WorkingGroupGeneralPartFrench2.pdf et à ma Bibliothèque digitale,  http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html;
 

CANADIAN BAR ASSOCIATION,  CRIMINAL RECODIFICATION TASK FORCE, Principles of Criminal Liability: Proposals for a New General Part of the Criminal Code - Report of the Criminal Recodification Task Force,  Ottawa: Canadian Bar Association, [1992],  x, 190 p., see "prohibited conduct" and "omissions" at pp. 17-18 and 22-23 respectively, ISBN: 0920742335; Research Note: This book is also published in CANADA, House of Commons, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub-Committee on the Recodification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General, [Ottawa]: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1992, issue number 5 dated 2  and 18 November 1992, pp. 5A: 1 to 5A: 223; also published in French / aussi publié en français: ASSOCIATION DU BARREAU CANADIEN, GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LA NOUVELLE CODIFICATION DU DROIT PÉNAL, Principes de responsabilité pénale: proposition de nouvelles dispositions générales du Code criminel du Canada: Rapport du Groupe de travail sur la nouvelle codification du droit pénal, Ottawa : Association du Barreau canadien, [1992], xiii, 206 p., voir «L'élément matériel» et «omission» aux pp. 20 et 25-26 respectivement,  ISBN: 0920742351; Note de recherche : aussi publié dans CANADA, Chambre des Communes, Procès-verbaux et témoignages du Sous-comité sur la Recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général,[Ottawa]: I'Imprimeur de la Reine pour le Canada, 1992, fasicule numéro 5 en date du  2 et 18 novembre 1992, pp. 5A: 224 à 5A: 460;
 

COLVIN, Alex, "Omissions", in CANADA, House of Commons,  Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Sub-Committee on the recodification of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Standing Committee on Justice and the Solicitor General, supra, issue number 2 of June 15, 1992 at pp. 2A:11 at 2A:16; also published in French - translation /aussi publié en français - traduction: [traduction] «Les omissions» dans Chambre des Communes, Procès-verbaux et témoignages du Sous-comité sur la Recodification de la Partie générale du Code criminel du Comité permanent de la justice et du Solliciteur général, fasicule numéro 2, 15 juin 1992 aux pp. 2A:118 à 2A:127;
 

COLVIN, Eric,  Principles of Criminal Law, 2nd ed., [Scarborough]: Carswell, 1991, xxvi, 399 p., see in particular, "Acts and Omissions" at pp. 72-78 covering "Express Liability for Omissions", "Implied Liability for Omissions", "Breach of a Duty to Act" and "The Problem of Classification"; for other coverage of omissions, consult the index, ISBN: 0459355619 (bound) and 0459355716 (pbk.);
 

COLVIN, Eric, 1945 and Sanjeev Anand, Principles of Criminal Law, 3rd ed., Toronto: Thomson/Carswell, 2007, li, 599 p., ISBN: 978 0779813247;

CÔTÉ-HARPER, Gisèle, 1942-,  Pierre Rainville et  Jean Turgeon, Traité de droit  pénal canadien, 4^e édition refondue et augmentée, Cowansville: Éditions Yvon Blais, 1998, lv, 1458 p., voir «L'omission» aux pp. 281-286 et «L'omission d'agir» aux pp. 288-294, ISBN: 2894512589; note de recherche: la première édition porte le tite: Principes de droit pénal général, 1981;  la deuxième édition en 1984 et la troisième édition en 1989 avec le supplément de 1994 portent le tite Droit pénal canadien;

COUGHLAM, Steve, "Annotation: R. v. Peterson, (2006) 34 C.R. (6th) 120 (Ontario Court of Appeal)", (2006) 34 Criminal Reports (6th) 121-123; leave to appeal to the S.C.C. refused; decision of 20 October 2005 available at http://www.ontariocourts.on.ca/decisions_index/2005index.htm (accessed on 9 May 2006);
 

Criminal Code, R.S., c. C-46, some provisions:

Duties
- s. 79 -- Duty of care re explosive
- s. 215 -- Duty of persons to provide necessaries
- s. 216 -- Duty of persons undertaking acts dangerous to life
- s. 217 -- Duty of persons undertaking acts
- s. 217.1 -- Duty of persons directing work
- s. 263 -- Duty to safeguard opening in ice

Miscellaneous
- 21(1)(b) Parties to offence
- par. 50(1)(b) -- Omiting to prevent treason
- s. 83.1(1) -- Disclosure
- par. 129(b) -- Omitting to assist peace officer
- s. 218 -- Abandoning child
- s. 219 -- Criminal negligence
- par. 222(5)(b) -- Culpable homicide
- s. 252(1) Failure to stop at scene of accident

    in English (published every year) /en anglais:

GOLD, Allan D., The Practioner's Criminal Code, Markham, Ont.: LexisNexis Canada, 2008;

GREENSPAN, Edward L. and Marc Rosenberg, annotations by, Martin's Annual Criminal Code 2008, Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc.;

WATT, David and Michelle Fuerst, annotations by, The 2008 Annotated Tremeear's Criminal Code, Toronto: Carswell, A Thomson Company;

COURNOYER, Guy et Gilles Ouimet, Code criminel annoté 2008, Cowansville: Éditions Yvon Blais, une société Thomson; note: législation bilingue/bilingual legislation;

DE MONTIGNY, Catherine, Forum, "Un silence révoltant.  Pourquoi les médecins, à cause du secret professionnel, ne peuvent-ils pas dénoncer les conducteurs en état d'ébriété?",  La Pressse, Mardi le 4 décembre 2007, à la p. A29; voir aussi sur le même reportage les articles de BRETON, Pascale, supra; et de BEAUCHEMIN, Malorie, supra;

DENTON, Frank E., "The Case Against Duty to Rescue”, (1991) 4 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 101-132;
 

DUBBER, Markus Dirk,  "Commentary" in Don Stuart, 1943-,  R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., at pp. 156-182, see "Omissions" at pp. 169-170, ISBN: 045927077X;  Research Note: commentary on Stuart, Don's proposals on the General Part in his article "A Case for a General Part", infra;
 

"Editorial: A duty to report", The Ottawa Citizen, 16 April 2004, p. A14;

"The misuse of firearms is a clear threat to public health.  As such, a law requiring all hospitals in Ontario to report gunshot wounds to police is a justified and limited intrusion into patient-doctor confidentiality."

ELLIOTT, Ricahrd, After Cuerrier : Canadian criminal law and the non-disclosure of HIV-positive status, Montréal : Canadian HIV-AIDS Legal Network = Réseau juridique juridique canadien VIH-SIDA, c1999, 80 p., ISBN:  1896735215 and 1896735223, available at http://www.aidslaw.ca/Maincontent/issues/criminallaw/finalreports/cuerrier/tofc.htm (accesssed on 28 May 2003); also published in French / aussi publié en français: ELLIOTT, Richard, Après l'arrêt Cuerrier : le droit ciminel canadien et la  non-divulgation de la séropositivité, Montréal : Réseau juridique canadien VIH-SIDA = Canadian HIV-AIDS Legal Network, c1999, 92 p., ISBN:  1896735215 et 1896735223, disponible à  http://www.aidslaw.ca/francais/Contenu/themes/droitcriminel/cuerrier-f/f-tofc.htm (visionné le 28 mai 2003);
 

EWASCHUK, "What's in a Name?  The Right Against Self-Incrimination?" (1979) 5 C.R. (3d) 307-314; Research Note: deals with  Moore v. The Queen, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 195;
 

FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL WORKING GROUP ON HOMICIDE, Final Report of the Federal/Provincial Working Group on Homicide, [Ottawa], [Department of Justice Canada], June 1990, updated April 1991, xii, 170 p. (Co-Chairmen: Howard F. Morton,  Ministry of the Attorney General, Province of Ontario and Jean-François Dionne, Quebec Department of Justice); copy of this report was obtained by François Lareau under an Access to Information Act request response dated November 9, 1998, file A-98-00183 from the Department of Justice Canada; also available in French / aussi disponible en français : Groupe de travail fédéral-provincial sur l'homicide, Rapport final du groupe de travail fédéral-provincial sur l'homicide, [Ottawa], [Ministère de la Justice Canada], juin 1990, révisé avril 1991, xii, 172 p. (Co-Présidents:  Howard F. Morton, Ministère du Procureur général de l'Ontario et Jean-François Dionne, Ministère de la Justice du Québec); copie de ce rapport a été obtenu par François Lareau dans la réponse en date du 9 novembre 1998 de sa demande à la Loi sur l'accès à l'information, au Ministère de la Justice Canada, dossier A-98-00183;
 

Federal, provincial and territorial ministers responsible for Justice and Public Safety -- Meeting, Quebec City, 5 September 2008; also available in French / aussi disponible en français :   Les ministres fédéraux, provinciaux et territoriaux (FPT) responsables de la justice, rencontre, Ville de Québec, 5 septembre 2008

FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL-TERRITORIAL TASK FORCE ON YOUTH JUSTICE, A review of the Young Offenders Act and the Youth Justice System in Canada: Report of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Task Force on Youth Justice, August 1996, v, 651 p., see in 10.2, "Parental Liability", the section "10.2.6  Contributing and Negligence Offences", at pp. 483-489 (Chairs: Glenn Rivard and Alan Markwart); note from François Lareau: I obtained a copy of this report under an Access to Information Act request to the Department of Justice Canada, their file, AI-2001-0014/ll, their letter dated 13 June 2001; also published in French / aussi publié en français: Groupe de travail fédéral-provincial-territorial sur la justice applicable aux jeunes (Canada), Examen de la Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants et du système de justice applicable aux jeunes au Canada: rapport / du Groupe de travail  féderal-provincial-territorial sur la justice applicable aux jeunes, [Ottawa] : Le Groupe de travail, 1996, 637 p.;

"Criminal negligence offences are controversial - a government order to act (duty of care) is far more intrusive than a demand to refrain from proscribed conduct (e.g. theft).  Accordingly, negligence offences are usually limited to circumstances that concern the life or safety of others, e.g. criminal negligence causing death, careless use of a firearm, etc.²⁷  Given this, establishing a negligence offence in relation to parental omission of a duty of care to supervise children should, if considered, be restricted to circumstances affecting the life or safety of other persons. ...
------
²⁷ There are some exceptions, e.g. s. 436 C.C. concerning arson by negligence applies whether the negligence results in bodily harm to another person or damage to property." (p. 484)

FLAHERTY, John, "Clarifying the Duty to Warn in HIV Transference Cases", ( August 2008) 54(1) The Criminal Law Quarterly 60-78;
 

FORTIN, Jacques et Louise Viau, Traité de droit pénal général, Montréal: Éditions Thémis, 1982, xi, 457 p., voir «les infractions d'omission» aux pp. 83-86;
 

FRANCE, Simon, "The Law of Omissions - Proposals for Reform"  (1992) 7 Otago Law Review 625-639; Research Note: examines The New Zealand Crimes Bill of 1989; the New Zealand Crimes Bill and the Canadian Criminal Code both have their origin in the English Draft Code of 1879;
 

FRIEDLAND, Martin L., 1932-, Controlling Misconduct in the Military: a Study  prepared for the Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, [Ottawa]: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 1997, [1997], vi, 181 p., and see Chapter 3, "Reporting Wrongdoing", at pp. 31-36 and 144-147, ISBN: 0660168685, cat. No. CP32-64/2-1997E; also available on the Commission's CD-ROM 1997, Information Legacy: A Compendium of Source Material from the Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, supra);also published in French/aussi publié en français: Contrôle de l'inconduite dans les forces armées: Étude préparée pour la Commission d'enquête sur le déploiement des Forces canadiennes en Somalie, [Ôttawa]: Ministre des Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, vi, 208 p., voir le chapitre 3, "Signaler les écarts de conduite" aux pp. 37-44 et 167-171, ISBN: 0660955490, no. de cat. CP32-64/2-1997F; aussi disponible sur le CD-ROM 1997 de la Commission, Un héritage documentaire - Recueil des ressources de la Commission d'enquête sur le déploiement des Forces canadiennes en Somalie, supra;
 

GORDANIER, Drek, "New gunshot rules.  Law forces hospitals to give names of victims to police", Metro, Ottawa, Thurdsay, 2 June 2005, p. 01; note: Metro is a free morning newspaper in Ottawa;

"The Mandatory Gunshot Wounds Reporting Act passed final reading this week....

Ontario becomes the first province to require that gunshot wounds be reported to police.  In the United States, 45 states have similar mandatory reporting laws." (p. 01)

GRANT, Alan, "Moore v. The Queen: A Substantive, Procedural and Administrative Nightmare", (1979) 17 Osgoode Hall Law Journal  459-468;
 

GRANT, Isabel, 1957-, "The Boundaries of the Criminal Law: the Criminalization of the Non-disclosure of HIV", (Spring 2008) 31 Dalhousie Law Journal 123-180;

GRANT, Isabel, 1957-, Dorothy Chunn and Christine Boyle, The Law of Homicide, Scarborough: Carswell (Thomson Professional Publishing), 1994,  ISBN: 0459552244 (loose-leaf) and 0459552562 (pbk.); Research Note: the index under "omissions"  indicates the following areas: accelerating death; aiding and abetting; attempted murder; causation; common law duties; criminal negligence by; infanticide; legal duty; mens rea; murder by; sentencing; and unlawful act manslaughter by,
 

GREENBERG, Lee, "New Ontario law will force doctors to report gunshot wounds", The Ottawa Citizen, 23 June 2004, p. A3;

HAJI, Ishtiyaque, "A Riddle Regarding Omissions", (1992) 22(4) Canadian Journal of Philosophy 485-502; B 1 .C3  Location: MRT Periodicals;   

HOOPER, Anthony, 1937- et Gisèle Côté-Harper, 1942-, Droit criminel 1 : Notes de cour,  [3e éd.] -- [Québec] : Presses de  l'Université Laval, 1971, [v], 163 p.; note de recherche: Côté-Harper, Rainville et Turgeon, supra, p. 263, les pp. 75-81 indiquent que ces pages constituent une étude sur le devoir d'agir;  une copie de ce livre se trouve à la Bibliothèque nationale à Ottawa;  une note dans le livre indique : «Ceci est une 3e éd. du recueil Droit Criminel I - Cours 1060  Professeur Anthony Hooper, Faculté de droit, Université Laval, Septembre 1969-1970 qui fut révisé et corrigé et mis à jour par Me Gisèle Côté-Harper et Me Anthony Hooper»;
 

HUBER, Jordana, "Man with HIV lied to women, court told", The Ottawa Cotizen, 21 October 2008, p. A4; trial Johnson Aziga, Hamilton, Ont; first Canadian prosecuted for murder (first); Crown Attorney Tim Power

KAMEL-TOUEG, Nabil, Précis de droit pénal général - Droit pénal I, 2e édition, Mont-Royal : Modulo, 1994, ix, 242 p., voir «Les infractions d'omission» aux pp. 78-80, ISBN: 2891135024;
 

KASHYAP, Girish S., "Looking Abroad to Protect Mothers at Home: A Look at Complicity by Omission  Domestically and Abroad", (2004) 22 Boston University International Law Journal 425-447; on Canadian criminal law, see pp. 438-439;

KASIRER, Nicholas Paul, "L'expression civile de la solidarité: l'obligation de porter secours en droit canadien et québécois", in  Institut canadien des études supérieures, Droits de la personne : solidarité et bonne foi : actes  des Journées strasbourgeoises de l'Institut canadien d'études juridiques supérieures 2000, Cowansville (Québec): Éditions Yvon Blais, 2001, xii, 700 p, aux pp. 215-243, ISBN: 2894514654; copie à la Bibliothèque du Parlement;, Br. B K 3240 D76;

KIRKEY, Sharon, "Doctors rarely report unfit drivers, study finds.  'Majority of physicians violating the mandatory reporting laws' ", The Ottawa Citizen, Tuesday, 12 February 2008; study by Donald Redelmeier, Vikram Venkatesh and Matthew Stanbrook, "Mandatory Reporting by Physicians of Patients Potentially Unfit to Drive", (2008) 2(1) Open Medicine,  available at http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/141/112 , http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/141/110 and http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/141 (accessed on 12 February 2008); no obligation to report in certain provinces, i.e. Quebec and Nova Scotia; Alberta is silent on this issue according to The Ottawa Citizen's article;

KLOTZ,  Alain, "Le droit au secours dans la province de Québec", (1991) 21 Revue de droit Université de Sherbrooke 479-517;
 

LAJOIE, Marc D., En raison de l'obligation de secours de l'article 2 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la  personne du Québec, le médecin doit-il révéler l'état de son patient séropositif ou atteint du sida aux partenaires sexuels de celui-ci sans son consentement?,  Thèse LL.M., Université de Sherbrooke. 1997, 100 feuilles; titre noté dans mes recherches mais thèse non consultée;
 

LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF CANADA, Crimes against the Environment, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1985, [ix], 75 p., see "Acts, Omissions and Duties", at pp. 35-37 and "Conclusions" at pp. 37-38 (series; Working Paper; number 44), ISBN: 0662539907; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; information on the French version/informations sur la version française: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, Les crimes contre l'environnement, Ottawa: La Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1985, [ix], 85 p., voir "L'action, l'Omission et l'obligation imposée par la loi" aux pp. 41-43 et "Conclusions" aux pp. 44-45 (Collection; Document de travail; numéro 54), ISBN: 0662539907;
 

___________Euthanasia, aiding suicide and cessation of treatment, Ottawa : The Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1982, vi, 78 p., (seriesl Working Paper; number 28), (series; Protection of Life), ISBN: 0662518675;  copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; research note: deals with duties; also published in French / aussi publié en français: :Euthanasie, aide au suicide et interruption de traitement, Ottawa: La Commission de r/forme du droit du Canada, 1982, vi, 88 p. (Collection; document de travail; numéro 28), (Collection; protection de la vie), ISBN:  0662518675; note de recherche: traite des devoirs;
 

___________The General Part - Liability and Defences, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canda, 1982, [10], 204 p., see "II  Principles of Criminal Liability", pp. 15-34,  (series; Working Paper 29), ISBN: 0662514297; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; also published in French/aussi publié en français, Commission de réforme du droit du Canada,  Partie générale - responsabilité et moyens de défense, Ottawa : Ministère des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, 1982, [10], 239 p., voir «II  Les principes de la responsabilité pénale» aux pp. 15-36, (collection; Document de travail 29),  ISBN: 0662514297;
 

___________Homicide, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1984, [vii], 117 p., see "Acts and Omissions: Duties" at pp. 29-32 (Series; Working Paper; number 33), ISBN: 0662529871; also published in French / aussi publié en français : L'homicide, Ottawa: Ministère des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, [vii], 129 p., voir, "Actes et omissions" aux pp. 32-35 (Collection; document de travail; numéro 33), ISBN: 0662529871; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law;
 

___________Medical Treatment and Criminal Law, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1980, [viii], 136 p., (series; working Paper - Protection of Life Project; number 26), ISBN: 0662506707; research note: deals with duties; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; information on the French version/informations sur la version française, Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, Le traitement médical et le droit criminel, Ottawa: Comiision de réforme du droit du Canada, 1980, [ix], 152 p., (Collection; Document de travail - Projet sur la protection de la vie; numéro 26), ISBN: 0662506707; note de recherche: traite des devoirs;
 

___________Omissions,  negligence and endangering, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1985, 42 p.(series; working paper 46), ISBN: 0662540824; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; also published in French/aussi publié en français: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada,  L'omission, la négligence et la mise en danger, Ottawa: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1985, 48 p., (collection; document de travail 46), ISBN: 0662540824;
 

___________Recodifying Criminal Law (Revised and Enlarged Edition of Report 30), Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1987, see clause 2(3) conduct at pp. 18-21; clause 3(1)(a)(ii), Lack of Control (impossibility); clause 10(2), Failure to Rescue, at pp. 67-68; clause 13(3) on fraud, at pp. 80-81 (series; Report, vol. 31), ISBN: 0662547578; copy of the English version of this report  is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; also published in French/aussi publié en français: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, Pour une nouvelle codification du droit pénal (Édition revisée et augmentée du rapport no 30), Ottawa: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1987, voir le paragraphe 2(3) sur la conduite aux pp. 19-22; sous-alin/a 3(1)a)(ii), Conduite échappant à la volonté (impossibilité), l'alinéa 10(2) sur le refus d'assistance, aux pp. 77-78; et le paragraphe 13(3) sur la fraude, aux pp. 91-93 (Collection : Rapport, vol. 31), ISBN: 0662547578;
 

___________Theft and Fraud, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1977, [x], 123 p., see Draft Statute and Notes for "Unfair Non-Disclosure", at pp. 34-35 (series; working paper; number 19), ISBN: 0662009193; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; also published in French/aussi publié en français, Le vol et la fraude, Ottawa : Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, 1977, [x], 137 p., voir le Projet de loi et commentaires, "La réticence déloyale", aux pp. 39-40, (Collection; Document de travail; volume 19), ISBN: 0662009193;
 

___________Theft and Fraud, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1979, [viii], 60 p., see Annotated Draft Statute, "Unfair Non-Disclosure", at pp. 47-48 (series; report; number 12), ISBN: 066250228; copy of the English version of this working paper is available in pdf format at my Digital Library -- Canadian Criminal Law; also published in French/aussi publié en français, Le vol et la fraude, Ottawa : Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, 1979, [viii], 65 p., voir le Projet de loi et les commentaires, "La réticence déloyale", aux pp. 50-51, (Collection; rapport; numéro 12), ISBN: 066250228;
 

LEGAL AID ONTARIO / AIDE JURIDIQUE ONTARIO -- LAO  LAW, Criminal law Memoranda, Toronto, catalogue current as of February 1, 2006; see http://www.lss.bc.ca/__shared/assets/LAOlawindex1225.pdf  and http://www.legalaid.on.ca/ (both sites accessed on 24 February 2006); see:
- O27-4, "Abandon Child -- Failure to Provide" (19 Jan 2004; 25 pages);
- O15-1, "Fail to Remain -- Code s. 252" (1 Aug 2005, 51 pages);

LESAGE-JARJOURA, Pauline, 1948-,  La Cessation de traitement : au carrefour du droit et de la médecine, Cowansville: Les Éditions Yvon Blais, 1990, xxvi, 246 p., (Collection Minerve sous la direction de Jean-Louis Baudouin), ISBN: 2890737322; contribution importante au sujet;
 

LETENDRE, Martin, "Le devoir du médecin de prévenir les membres de la famille d'un patient atteint d'une maladie génétique", (2004) McGill Law Journal 555-591; droit civil; examine l'article 2 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la  personne du Québec;
 

LICHTENBERG, Judith, "The Moral Equivalence of Action and Omission", in  Kai Nielsen and Steven C. Patten, eds., New Essays in Ethics and Public Policy, Guelph (Ontario): Canadian Association for Publishing in Philosophy, 1982, 234 p. at pp. 19-36, ISBN:0919491081; copy at Ottawa Univerity, MRT, BJ 1031 .N478 1982;
 

LINDEN, Allen M., 1934-, Canadian Tort Law, 4th ed., Butterworths: Toronto and Vancouver, 1988, cxlvii, 687 p., chapter 9, "Duty", pp. 255-303, ISBN: 0409801917; Research Note: there is now a 6th ed., that I did not consult: Toronto: Butterworths, 1997, xc, 751 p.;
 

___________"Rescuers and Good Samaritains" (1972) 10 Alberta Law Review 89-105; also published in (1971) 34 Modern Law Review 241-259;
 

___________"Tort Liability for Criminal Nonfeasance" (1966) 44 Canadian Bar Review 25-65;
 

MacKAY, Bradford, "Gunshot wounds: the new public health issue", (March 2004) 170 Canadian Medical Association Journal 780; available at http://www.cmaj.ca/;

"Despite the debate, Ovens says a revised law is inevitable, especially when you consider that 48 US states already have laws requiring doctors to report gunshot wounds, and that Canadian doctors are already legally required to report suspected cases of child abuse, potential drunken drivers or patients with communicable diseases such as HIV and AIDS." (p. 780)

MAHAFFY, Nicola, "Canada's Anti-terrorism Act: An Exception To The Right To Silence", in International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, ed., Promoting criminal justice reform : a collection of papers from the Canada-China Cooperation Symposium, Vancouver : International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, 2007, [vi], 482 p.,  at pp. 385-399, ISBN: 9780973043259,, available at http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/Publications/Reports/Promoting%20Criminal%20Justice%20Reform%20070607.pdf (accessed on 6 January 2009);

MANDHANE, Renu, "Duty to Rescue Through the Lens of Multiple-Party Sexual Assault", (2000) 9 Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies 1-35;

McGREGOR, "Alert system would identify 'unbalanced' gun owners", The Ottawa Citizen, Wednesday, 14 February 2007, pp. A1 and A4; title at p. A4 is "Alert: Tories pledge better screening of buyers of restricted firearms";

McINNES, Mitchell, An examination of the formulation and behavioural implications of rescue laws in Anglo-Canadian private laws, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted; no copy in the Canadian libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (30 May 2006);

__________ "Good Samaritan Statutes: A Summary and Analysis", (1992) 26 University of British Columbia Law Review 239-261; tort law;

___________"Protecting the Good Samaritan: Defences for the Rescuer in Anglo-Canadian Criminal Law", (1994) 36 The Criminal Law Quarterly 331-371; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KE 8802 .C534;

___________ "Psychological Perspectives on Rescue: The Behavioural Implications of  Using the Law to Increase the Incidence of Emergency Intervention", (1991) 20 Manitoba Law Journal  656-697; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KEM 4 .M345;

___________"The Question of a Duty to Rescue in Canadian Tort Law: An Answer From France", (1990) 13 Dalhousie Law Journal 85-122; 
 

___________“The question of a duty to rescue in Canadian tort law: an answer from France",  in Larry May, Nancy E. Snow and Angela Bolte, eds., Legal Philosophy: multiple perspectives, Montain View (California): Mayfield Publications, 2000, viii, 808 p., at pp. 182 to approx. 187, ISBN:  0767410092; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this book in the Ottawa area libraries according to my verification of the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (16 April 2005);

___________"Restitution and the Rescue of Life", (1994) 32 Alberta Law Review 37-70; civil law;

MEWETT, Allan W., 1930-, and Morris Manning, Mewett & Manning on Criminal Law (previously published under title: Criminal Law), 3rd ed, Toronto: Butterworths, 1994, lxiv, 959 p., see "Omissions" at pp. 132-143, ISBN: 0409903752 (bound) and 0433396458 (pbk.);
 

MEWETT, Allan W., "Editorial: The Duty to Assist", (1973-74) 16 The Criminal Law Quarterly 1-2;
 

Moore v. The Queen, [1979] 1 Canada Supreme Court Reports(SCR)  / Recueil des arrêts de la Cour suprême du Canada (RCS)  195-214;
 

NATIONAL DEFENCE (Department of), Law of Armed Conflict at the Operational and Tactical Levels, [Ottawa], 2001, 1 volume (various pagings; total pages: 246), at pp.16-9 and 16-10; notes; Issued on Authority of the Chief of Defence Staff; Joint Doctrine Manual; Custodian JAG (Judge Advocate General); DND Publication Number: B-GJ-005-104/FP-021; available at http://www.forces.gc.ca/jag/training/publications/law_of_armed_conflict/loac_2004_e.pdf (accessed on 20 August 2005); also published in French/aussi publié en français: DÉFENSE NATIONALE (Ministère de la), Le Droit des conflits armées aux niveaux opérationel et tactique,  [Ottawa], 2001, pagination multiple (total de 250 p.), aux pp. 16-10 - 16-11; notes: manuel de doctrine interarmées; Publiée avec l'autorisation du Chef d'état-major de la Défense; Responsable JAG (Juge avocat général); numéro de publication du MDN: B-GJ-005-104/FP-021, disponible à  http://www.forces.gc.ca/jag/training/publications/law_of_armed_conflict/loac_2004_f.pdf (visionné le 20 août 2005);
 

"CHAPTER 16
WAR CRIMES, INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY...

SECTION 8 - RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMANDERS

1621. DUTY OF COMMANDERS

1. Commanders are responsible, with respect to members of the armed forces under their command and other persons under their control, to prevent and, where necessary, to suppress and to report to competent authorities, breaches of the LOAC.

AP l Art 87 (1)
 

2. In order to prevent and suppress breaches, commanders are responsible for ensuring that members of the armed forces under their command are aware of their obligations under the LOAC.

AP l Art 87 (2)
 

3. A commander who is aware that subordinates or other persons under his control are about to commit or have committed a breach of the LOAC is required to initiate such steps as are necessary to prevent violations of the LOAC and, where appropriate, to initiate disciplinary or penal action against these persons.

AP l Art 87 (3)
 

4. The International Criminal Court will have jurisdiction to try individuals for crimes relating to command responsibility. The Statute of the Court states:

(1) A military commander or person effectively acting as a military commander shall be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by forces under his or her effective command and control, or effective authority and control as the case may be, as a result of his or her failure to exercise control properly over such forces, where:

(a) The military commander or person either knew or, owing to the circumstances at the time, should have know that the forces were committing or about to commit such crimes; and

(b) That the military commander or person failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his or her power to prevent or repress their commission or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.

(2) With respect to superior and subordinate relationships not described in paragraph 1 [i.e. that between superior and civilian employees], a superior shall be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by subordinates under his or her effective authority and control, as a result of his or her failure to exercise control properly over such subordinates, where:

(a) The superior either knew, or consciously disregarded information, which clearly indicated, that the subordinates were committing or about to commit such crimes;

(b) The crimes concerned activities that were within the effective responsibility and control of the superior; and

(c) The superior failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his or her power to prevent or repress their commission or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.

RS Art 28.

1622. FAILURE TO ACT

1. The fact that a subordinate committed a breach of the LOAC does not absolve superiors from penal  or disciplinary responsibility. Superiors are guilty of an offence if they knew, or had information which should have enabled them to conclude, in the circumstances ruling at the time, that the subordinate was committing or about to commit a breach of the LOAC, and they did not take all feasible measures within their power to prevent or repress the breach.

RS Art 28 (2) (c)" (pp. 16-1 and 16-9 - 16-10)
------
"CHAPITRE 16
CRIMES DE GUERRE, RESPONSABILITÉ CRIMINELLE INDIVIDUELLE ET RESPONSABILITÉ DU COMMANDEMENT ...

SECTION 8 - RESPONSABILITÉS DES COMMANDANTS

1621. DEVOIRS DES COMMANDANTS

1. Les commandants ont la responsabilité, pour ce qui est des membres des forces armées placés sous leur commandement et les autres personnes sous leur autorité, d'empêcher que ne soient commises des infractions au DCA et, au besoin, de les réprimer et de les dénoncer aux autorités compétentes.

PA l Art 87 (1)
 

2. En vue d'empêcher que des infractions soient commises et de les réprimer, les commandants doivent veiller à ce que les membres des forces armées placés sous leur commandement connaissent leurs obligations aux termes du DCA.

PA l Art 87 (2)
 

3. Un commandant qui sait que des subordonnés ou d'autres personnes sous son autorité vont commettre ou ont commis une infraction au DCA doit mettre en œuvre les mesures qui sont nécessaires pour empêcher de telles violations du DCA et, lorsqu'il conviendra, de prendre l'initiative d'une action disciplinaire ou pénale à l'encontre de ces personnes.

PA l Art 87 (3)
 

4. La Cour criminelle internationale aura l'autorité de juger des personnes pour des crimes relatifs à la responsabilité de commandement. Le statut de la cour prescrit que :

(1) Un chef militaire ou une personne faisant effectivement fonction de chef militaire est pénalement responsable des crimes relevant de la compétence de la Cour commis par des forces placées sous son commandement et son contrôle effectifs, ou sous son autorité et son contrôle effectifs, selon le cas, lorsqu'il n'a pas exercé le contrôle qui convenait sur ces forces dans les cas où :

a) Il savait, ou, en raison des circonstances, aurait dû savoir, que ces forces commettaient ou allaient commettre ces crimes; et

b) Il n'a pas pris toutes les mesures nécessaires et raisonnables qui étaient en son pouvoir pour en empêcher ou en réprimer l'exécution ou pour en référer aux autorités compétentes aux fins d'enquête et de poursuites;

(2) En ce qui concerne les relations entre supérieur hiérarchique et subordonnés non décrites au paragraphe a), le supérieur hiérarchique est pénalement responsable des crimes relevant de la compétence de la Cour commis par des subordonnés placés sous son autorité et son contrôle effectifs, lorsqu'il n'a pas exercé le contrôle qui convenait sur ces subordonnés dans les cas où :

a) Il savait que ces subordonnés commettaient ou allaient commettre ces crimes ou a délibérément négligé de tenir compte d'informations qui l'indiqueraient clairement;

b) Ces crimes étaient liés à des activités relevant de sa responsabilité et de son contrôle effectifs; et

c) Il n'a pas pris toutes les mesures nécessaires et raisonnables qui étaient en son pouvoir pour en empêcher ou en réprimer l'exécution ou pour en référer aux autorités compétentes aux fins d'enquête et de poursuites.

SR Art 28
 

1622. DÉFAUT D'AGIR

1. Le fait qu'un subalterne a commis une infraction au DCA n'exonère pas ses supérieurs de leur responsabilité pénale ou disciplinaire. Les supérieurs sont coupables d'une infraction s'ils savaient, ou possédaient des informations leur permettant de conclure, dans les circonstances du moment, que leur subordonné commettait ou allait commettre une telle infraction au DCA, et s'ils n'ont pas pris toutes les mesures pratiquement possibles en leur pouvoir pour empêcher ou réprimer cette infraction.

SR Art 28 (2) (c)" (pp. 16-1 et 16-10 - 16-11)

PAULS, Merril A. and Jocelyn Downie, "Shooting ourselves in the foot: why mandatory reporting of gunshot wounds is a bad idea", (April 2004) 170 Canadian Medical Association Journal 1255-1256; available at http://www.cmaj.ca/;

PLOURDE, Francis, "  'Nouvelles' responsabilités chez les fiscalistes -- Depuis 2000, avec les changements à la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu, les conseillers fiscaux ne sont plus à l'abri de poursuites au civil dans le cadre de leurs fonctions.  Quelles sont les pénalités contre les professionnels en matière fiscale?", (juin 2006) 38(6) Journal barreau du Québec 28; articles 163.2 de la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu et 285.1 de la Loi sur sur la taxe d'accise (fédéral) et articles 249.04 et ss. de la Loi sur les impôts et l'article 59.5 1 de la Loi sur le ministère du Revenu (Québec);
 

QUÉBEC, Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, L.Q. 1975, c. 6; LRQ., c. C-12,  article 2 sur le «Droit au secours» et le «Secours à une personne dont la vie est en péril»; disponible à http://www.canlii.org/qc/legis/loi/c-12/20050513/tout.html (vérifié le 27 janvier 2009); information on the English version/information sur la version anglaise:  Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, S.Q. 1975, c. 6; R.S.Q., c. C-12, section 2 on "Right of Assistance" and "Aiding person whose life is in peril", available at http://www.canlii.org/qc/laws/sta/c-12/20050513/whole.html;

R. v. Aziga, on 4 April 2009, Aziga was convicted of two first degree murder charges; Aziga was under a public health order to tell his sex partners that he was HIV positive; Ontario Superior Court case in Hamilton; Mr. Justice Lofchik;
 

R. v. Canhoto, (1999), 140 C.C.C. (3d) 321 • (1999), 29 C.R. (5th) 170 • (1999), 127 O.A.C. 147;  R. v. Canhoto, 1999 CanLII 3819 (ON C.A.);

R. v. Émond, (1997) 117 Canadian Criminal Cases (3d) 275 (Quebec Court of Appeal);

"The falsehood [in fraud, s. 380 of the Criminal Code] can consist of a positive act, but also sometimes a mere omission, that is to say a situation where, through his silence, an individual hides from the other person a fundamental and essential element.  This is what Beverley McLachlin J., called, in R. v. Théroux, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 5, the 'non-disclosure of important facts'.  I would refer on this point to the excellent analysis by the authors Gagné and Rainville in their work, Les infractions contre la propriété: le vol, la fraude et certains crimes connexes [Offences against property: theft, fraud and certain related offences], (Cowansville, Que.: Éditions Yvon Blais, 1996), at pp. 164 to 157." (Jean-Louis Baudouin, Judge of the Court of Appeal, 5 May 1997; translation)

R. v. Kirby, (2005) 25 Criminal Reports (6th) 362 (Northwest Territories Supreme Court; J. Vertes); husband charged with criminal negligence causing death of wife, following her suicide;

"I think it is agred that the term 'necessaries of life' [paragraph 215(1)(b) of the Criminal Code] encompasses more than just food, clothing and shelter.  It includes anything necessary to preserve life, such as medical aid or intervention to prevent serious harm or risk of death." (p. 365)

R. c. R.D., 2005 QCCA 1167 (IIJCan), 5 décembre 2005, infirmé par R.D. c. R., Cour suprême du Canada, 16 novembre 2006; disponible à  http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc51/2006scc51.html (site visité le 19 janvier 2007);

R. v. J.F., 2008 SCC 60  (October 31, 2008) available at http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2008/2008scc60/2008scc60.html; on appeal from R. v. J.F., 2007 ONCA 500 (CanLII) available at http://www.canlii.org/eliisa/highlight.do?language=en&searchTitle=Ontario+-+Court+of+Appeal+for+Ontario&path=/en/on/onca/doc/2007/2007onca500/2007onca500.html;

REICHENFELD, Hans, Letters, "Don't force doctors to act as proxy police officers.  Re: 34, 000 dementia patients driving in Ontario", The Ottawa Citizen, Tuesday, 27 July 2004, p. A11;
 

ROACH, Kent, 1961-, "Crime Victims and Substantive Criminal Law" in Don Stuart, 1943-,  R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., pp. 219-230, see p. 226, "(d) Omissions", ISBN: 045927077X; note: comments on Professor Don Stuart's draft General Part found at  pp. 95-145;
 

___________ Criminal Law, 3rd ed., Toronto : Irwin Law, 2004, xx, 421 p., (series; Essentials of Canadian Law), ISBN:155221091X; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Reserve,  KE 8809 .R624 2004 (note 17 March 2005);
 

RODGERS MAGNET, S. (Sanda), "The Right to Emergency Medical Assistance in  the Province of Quebec" (1980) 40 Revue du Barreau 373-447; Research Note: with the same title, LL.M. thesis, Université de Montréal, 1978;
 

RUPERT, Jake, "Stop making these peoples into devils", The Ottawa Citizen, Saturday, 11 June 2005, at p. E-11; on pedophiles;

"Dr. Paul Federoff said many people with sexual attraction to children, even those who haven't touched a child in a sexual way and are prepared to admit they have a problem, don't seek help because of two myths: They fear they will be reported to police, and they believe that nothing can be done to help them.

In Canada, if a doctor suspects a child is being abused, he or she must report it.  Having a sexual attraction to a child does not require doctors to call police." (p. E11)

RUPERT, Jake and Gary Dimmock, "Man given one year's house arrest for letting ailing wife starve to death.  Abusive wife said she didn't want medical care", The Ottawa Citizen, Friday 17 December 2004, pp. A1 and A2 ("Wife: Pathologist suspected months of neglect"); accused was John Richard Vockeroth, decision of 16 December 2004, at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, before Ontario Court Justice, Paul Bélanger; accused pleaded guilty to failing to provide necessities of life;
 

RYAN, H.R.S., "Criminal Responsibility For Omission (1967), Study Note" in Don Stuart and Ronald Joseph Delisle, Learning Canadian Criminal Law, 5th ed., Scarborough: Carswell, xxii, 942 p., at pp. 220-221, ISBN: 0406895902; Research note: there is a 6th ed.: Scarborough: Carswell, 1997, xxiv, 985 p. which I have not consulted for this bibliography, ISBN: 045955509X;  Research Note: there is now a 7th ed., Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, c. 1999, ISBN: 0459270613 which I have not yet consulted;
 

SAMSON, Philippe, "Nouvelle responsabilité de l'avocat.  Devoir de dénonciation ...auprès de qui?  Dans la foulée des scandales de fraudes d'entreprises, le Code de déontologie des avocats a été modifié (le 7 avril 2004) pour que les avocats aient l'obligation de dénoncer toute situation illégale d'une entreprise", (Décembre 2005) 37(16) Le Journal Barreau du Québec 55;

SCOTT, Ian D., "Legal Framework of use of Force by Police in Ontario", (February 2008) 53(3) The Criminal Law Quarterly 331-359;

    "In general, mere presence at the scene of a crime is not sufficient ground to found liability for an aider or abetter.¹³  However, a police officer present at the scene of an offence, who carries out no act to aid its commission, may still be considered a party if his purpose in failing to act was to aid in the commission of that offence and he was under a duty to act.  Therefore, an officer who has either a statutory or common laws duty to protect someone may be found criminally liable for a failure to protect that individual if others assault him.

    The seminal case for the expansion of the parties concept with respect to police officers is the British Columbia Court of Appeal decision styled R. v. Nixon.¹⁴  When accused police corporal Nixon was in charge of the Vancouver City Police lock-up and was present when an unindentified officer stomped on a prisoner's knee, he was found guilty of aggravated assault, even though he was never identified as the perpetrator, due to his duty to protect those in his custody and his failure to intervene.

    The duties applicable to a British Columbian police officer may be transferred to a similarly Ontario police officer through the PSA [Police Services Act] and the common law.  First, the following statutory duties pursuant to s. 42(1) of the PSA could impose criminal liability for harm caused to those under an officer's care:

...  

    The duties and oath are analogous to the ones referred to by the British Columbia Court of Appeal as creating a positive duty for police officers in Nixon.¹⁶

SHOREY, George, "Bystander Non-Intervention and the Somalia Incident", (Winter 2000-2001) Canadian Military Journal 19-28; available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo1/no4/doc/19-28-eng.pdf (accessed on 27 December 2011);
FRANÇAIS :
SHOREY, George, "La non-intervention des spectateurs et la crise somalienne" (Hiver 2000-2001) Revue militaire canadienne 19-28; disponible à http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo1/no4/doc/19-28-fra.pdf (vérifié le 27 décembre 2011); 

SNIDER, Laureen, "Eau empoisonnée, réglementation de l'environnement et crime contre l'environnement: création d'un nouveau sujet non coupable à Walkerton, en Ontario", dans Commission du droit du Canada, sous la direction de, Qu'est-ce qu'un crime?  Mémoires du concours perspectives juridiques 2002, Saint-Nicolas (Québec): Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2005, 296 p., aux pp.253-296, ISBN:2763781276; 
 

STALKER, Anne, "Critique of Omissions, Duties and the Medical Treatment Exception of Recodifying Criminal Law", prepared for the Criminal Law Review of the Federal Department of Justice Canada (1989);  see Professor Stalker's list of Selected Publications and Presentations, 1982-1996;
 

STRIBOPOULOS, James, "Criminal Law", University of Alberta, Faculty of Law, available at  http://www.law.ualberta.ca/courses/stribopoulos/criminal/index.htm (accessed on 19 January 2004);
 

STUART, Don, 1943-,  and Ronald Joseph Delisle, Learning Canadian Criminal Law, 7th ed., Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thompson Professional Publishing, 1999, xxv, 1010 p., see omissions at  pp. 226-248, ISBN: 0459270613;
 

STUART, Don, 1943-,  "Annotation: R. v. Thornton (1993) 21 C.R. (4th) 215  (S.C.C.)", (1993) 21 C.R. (4th) 215-216; Research Note: Professor  Stuart discusses the issue if the duties must be criminal, i.e. stated in the Criminal Code;
 

___________Canadian Criminal Law: A Treatise, 4th ed., Scarborough: Carswell, A Thomson Company, 2001, liv, 733 p.,  see "Act of Omission" at pp. 89-102 and "Mistake or Ignorance and Omissions" at pp. 356-357; ISBN: 04592611703 (bound) and 0459261118 (pbk.);  there is now a 5th ed.: Toronto: Thomson/Carswell, 2007, xix, 815 p., ISBN: 978 0779812950;
 

__________"A Case for A General Part" in Don Stuart, 1943-,  R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., at pp. 95-145, see "Omissions" at pp. 106-107, ISBN: 045927077X;

UNIFORM LAW CONFERENCE OF CANADA,  "Report of the Criminal Law Section Working Group on Complementary Provincial  Legislation", Halifax 2010; covers mandatory reporting, available at http://www.ulcc.ca/en/poam2/index.cfm?sec=2010&sub=2010e (accessed on 20 March 2011); also available in French/aussi disponible en français;
 

VANDERVORT, Lucinda, "To Codify or Not Codify the Principles of Criminal Responsibility: A Question of Fundamental Justice and Equality" in Don Stuart, 1943-,  R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., pp. 231-242, see p. 237, "(a) Section 6 - Omissions", ISBN: 045927077X; note: comments on Professor Don Stuart's draft General Part found at pp. 95-145; 

VAN EXAN, Jessica, "The Legal and Ethical Issues Surrounding the Duty to Warn in the Practice of Psychology", (2004) 18 Windsor Review of  Legal and Social  Issues 123- 135; copy at the University of Ottawa, KE 376 .A13 W44;

VERDUN-JONES, Simon N. (Simon Nicholas), 1947-, Criminal Law in Canada: Cases, Questions & The Code, 4th ed., Thomson/Nelson, 2006,  xvi, 332 p., see Chapter 2: "The Actus Reus of a Criminal Offence" at pp. 20-43, ISBN: 0176407170; copy at the Library of Parliament, Br.B  KE 8809 V47 2007;

WEEKS, Carly, "Canadians unlikely to tattle on tax cheats: poll.  Only 10 per cent would turn in cheaters", The Ottawa Citizen, Monday, January 15, 2007, p. A3; survey conducted by Environics Research Group for Canada Revenue Agency, 2,021 interbiews conducted between 12 September 2006 and 18 October 2006;

___________"Federal security breach policy 'backwards'.  'Large loopholes' created if firms decide when to notify public",  The Ottawa Citizen, Monday, 5 November 2007, p. A3;

____________"MPs urge tougher reporting rules on ID theft.  Report stops short of mandatory notification of every breach", The Ottawa Citizen, Thursday, 3 May 2007, at pp. C1 and C4; title at p. C4 is
"ID: Privacy commissioner concerned"; about the House of Commons standing Committee on Access of Information, Privacy and Ethics of 2 May 2007;  that report is available at http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/Content/HOC/committee/391/ethi/reports/rp2891060/391_ETHI_Rpt04_PDF/391_ETHI_Rpt04_PDF-e.pdf (English) et  http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/Content/HOC/committee/391/ethi/reports/rp2891060/391_ETHI_Rpt04_PDF/391_ETHI_Rpt04_PDF-f.pdf (français) (sites accessed on 3 May 2007);

WELCH, Mary Agnes, "Manitoba to make reporting child porn law", The Ottawa Citizen, Thursday, 29 November 2007, p. A7;

WILSON, Larry C., "The Defence of Others - Criminal Law and the Good Samaritan", (1987-88) 33 McGill Law Journal 756-814;
 

ZIFF, Bruce, "A Comment on R. v. Miller", (1984) 22 Alberta Law Review 281-290; Research Note: deals with R. v. Miller, [1983] 2 W.L.R. 559 (H.L.);
 

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