Key Words: criminal law, bibliography on intoxication/drunkenness, criminal intoxication, defence of intoxication, defence of drunkenness, extreme drunkenness, general intent,  R. v. Daviault, involuntary intoication defence, self-induced intoxication, specific intent, excuse.  Mots clés: droit pénal, bibliographie sur l'ivresse et l'intoxication,  intention générale, intention spécifique, intoxication volontaire, l'intoxication comme moyen de défense, l'ivresse comme moyen de défense, excuse

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updated and corrections / mise à jour et corrections: 24 November 2013

- To assist researchers, please do not hesitate to suggest titles to these bibliographies.  Thank you.
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flareau@rogers.com
 

©François Lareau, 2000-, Ottawa, Canada
-----------------------

Selected Bibliography on
Intoxication/Drunkenness - Comparative Law
-------------------------
Bibliographie choisie sur
l'ivresse/l'intoxication - Droit comparé

by / par François Lareau

 Table of Contents
•   Armenia/Arménie
   Australia / Australie
•   Austria / Autriche
•   Belgium / Belgique
•   Brunei Darussalam / Brunei Darussalam
   Canada
   Canon Law / Droit canon
•   China
•   Croatia/Croatie
   England, Wales and Northern Ireland / Angleterre, Pays de Galles et Irlande du Nord
•   Estonia/Estonie
•   Ethiopia/Éthiopie
•   Finland / Finlande
   France
   General / Général
   Germany / Allemagne
•   Greece (Ancient) / Grèce antique
•   Greece (modern) / Grèce (contempraine)
•   Hebrew Law / Droit hébraïque
•   Hungary / Hongrie
•   India / Indes
•   International
   Ireland / Irlande
   Israel
•   Italy / Italie
•   Japan/Japon
•   Latin-American Countries
•   Latvia/Lettonie
•   Mongolia / Mongolie
•   Netherlands / Pays-Bas
   New Zealand /  Nouvelle-Zélande
   Nigeria / Nigéria
•   Norway / Norvège
   Poland / Pologne
•   Portugal
   Roman Law / Droir romain
•   Romania / Roumanie
•   Russian Federation and Former Soviet Union
   Scotland / Écosse
•   Serbia/Serbie
   Singapore / Singapour
   South Africa / Afrique du Sud
•   Spain / Espagne
•   Sweden / Suède
   Switzerland /  Suisse
•   Tajikistan/Tadjikistan
•   Thailand / Thailande
   United States of America / États-Unis d'Amérique
•   Vietnam
   Zambia / Zambie
 

Australia / l'Australie

ANDRGHETTO, Florian, MP, Chairman, Self-Induced Intoxication and Criminal Liability Subcommittee, Victorian Law Reform Committee, "Criminal Liability and Self-Induced Intoxication" available on the internet at  http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/lawreform/intox/article_frames.htm;
 

AUSTRALIA, Commonwealth Attorney's General in association with the Australian Institute of Judicial Administration,  The Commonwealth Criminal Code: A Guide for Practitioners, March 2002, 369 p., see "Intoxication" at pp. 134-169, ISBN: 0642210349; available at  http://www.ag.gov.au/www/criminaljusticeHome.nsf/AllDocs/RWP1E51ED9C5B665D5FCA256BDB00227895?OpenDocument (accessed on 16 August 2003)
 

___________Criminal Law and Penal Methods Reform Committee of South Australia, The Substantive Criminal Law, 1977, xlviii, 460 p., see on intoxication,  pp. 48-50 (Chairperson: The Honourable Justice Roma Flinders Mitchell);
 

___________Criminal Law Officers Committee of the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General, Model Criminal Code, Chapter 2 - General Principles of Criminal Responsibility - Discussion Draft, Canberra: Commonwealth Government Printer, July 1992, x, 107 p., on "Intoxication", see pp. 44-47 (Chairman: David Neal), ISBN: 064425372X;
 

___________Criminal Law Officers Committee of the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General,  Model Criminal Code, Chapter 2 - General Principles of Criminal Responsibility - Final Report December 1992, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, Commonwealth of Australia, 1993, x, 119, [ii] p., on "intoxication", see pp. 50-53 (Chairman: David Neal), ISBN: 0644287438; note: "Chapters 1 and 2 of the Model Criminal Code, which were released in the
Criminal Law Officers Committee (now Model Criminal Code Officers Committee) Final Report of December 1992 was modified by the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General in 1993 shortly before the Commonwealth Government drafted what was enacted as the Criminal Code Act 1995", see  http://www.ag.gov.au/www/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentPersonal/743ACB88E0EE2266CA256BB30000A0E5/$file/modelcode_ch1_general_principles.pdf (accessed on 27 September 2003);
 

___________The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, House of Representatives, Criminal Code Bill 1994 - Explanatory Memorandum, (circulated by authority of the Minister for Justice, the Hon. Duncan Kerr MP), 48 p., see Division 8 - Intoxication" at pp. 22-24; see the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) and the Criminal Code Amendment Act 1998 (Cth);
 

___________The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Senate and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Criminal Code Bill 1994 and Crimes Amendment Bill 1994 - Report by the Senate and Constitutional Legislation Committee, December 1994, 39 p., [8 p.], see on "Intoxication", pp. 16-19; see the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) and the Criminal Code Amendment Act 1998 (Cth);
 

___________Review Committee, Review of Commonwealth Criminal Law - Interim Report - Principles of Criminal Responsibility and Other Matters, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1990,  491, [31], [5] and [3] p., see in Chapter 10, "Intoxication" at pp. 109-122 and  Part IX, Draft Bill, p. 11  (Chairman: Sir Harry Gibbs), ISBN: 0644127244;
 

BARLOW, N.L.A., "Drug Intoxication the Principle of Capacitas Rationalis", (1984) 100 Law Quarterly Review 639-652; copy at the University of Ottawa, KD 322 .L37  Location FTX Periodicals;
 

BLOKLAND, Jenny, "Dangerous Acts: A Critical Appraisal of Section 154 of the Northern Territory Criminal Code", (1995) 19 Criminal Law Journal 74-76;
 

BOWMAN, Megan, "Dealing with the 'Drunk's Defence'", (1999) 24(5) Alternative Law Journal 233-237; copy at Ottawa University, KTA 0 .L43  Location FTX Periodicals;
 

BUGG, Stuart, "Intoxication and Liability: A Criminal Law Cocktail", (1985) 5 Auckland University Law Review 144-163;
 

CAMPBELL, Ian, "Voluntariness, Intoxication and Fault from a Code Perspective" (1991) 15 Criminal Law Journal 124-127;
 

Curent Topics, "Self-induced intoxication and criminal responsibility" (1984), 58 The Australian Law Journal 70-71;
 

Current Topics, "Self-induced intoxication defence to a criminal charge", (1980) 54 The Australian Law Journal 569-570;
 

DOHERTY, David H., "Regina. v. O'Connor: Mens Rea Survives in Australia" (1981) 19 University of Western Ontario Law Review281- 301;
 

FAIRALL, Paul Ames, "Majewski Banished", (1980) 4 Criminal Law Journal 264-275;
 

___________"Majewski in Retreat", (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 211-219;
 

HERLIHY, J., "Voluntary Intoxication as a "Defence" at Common Law and under the Criminal Codes of Queensland and Western Australia", (1981) 6 The Queensland Lawyer 153-172; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library, Ottawa;


IRELAND, Inspector C.S. (Steve), "Alcohol and its Contribution to Violence: New Directions for Policing Alcohol-related Violence, Crime and Anti-social Behaviour in New South Wales", in Duncan Chappell and Sandra J Egger, eds., Australian violence: contemporary perspectives II, Canberra : Australian Institute of Criminology, 1995, xlviii, 437 p., at pp. 155-180, ISBN: 0642202982;  


JAANI.NET, "Criminal Law and Procedure -- Part  X -- Doctrines of Intoxication", November 2004, 12 p.; Australian law; available at http://www.jaani.net/resources/law_notes/criminal_law/10_Intoxication.pdf (accessed on 13 June 2006);


KENNEDY, W.B., Fate Managment:  The Real Target of  Modern Criminal Law, Doctor of Juridical Studies, University of Sydney, 2004, xx, 289 p.,; available at  http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/670/1/adt-NU20050104.16462302whole.pdf (accessed on 28 May 2006);  


KONSTANTOPOULOS Voula, "Review of Criminal Liability for Self-Induced Intoxication", (August 1999) Law Institute Journal 60-63;  copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
 

LANHAM, David, "Manslaughter and Intoxication" in Stanley Men Heong Yeo, ed., Partial Excuses to Murder, Annandale (New South Wales): The Federation Press with the assistance of The Law Foundation of New South Wales,  [1990], xvii, 287 p., at pp. 203-215, ISBN: 1862870470;
 

LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF VICTORIA, Criminal Responsibility: Intention and Gross Intoxication, [Melbourne] : The Law Reform Commission of Victoria, [1986],  v, 31 p. (series; Report; number 6) (Chairperson: David St. L. Kelly); available on the internet at  http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/lawreform/intox/lrc1986.html
 

_____________ Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility,  [Melbourne]: The Law Reform Commission of Victoria, [1983], 6 p. (series; Issues paper/law Reform Commissioner; number 1); text not consulted information from the catalogue of the National Library of Australia;
 

___________ Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility, [Melbourne] : The Law Reform Commission of Victoria, [1984], 33 p.;  paper researched and written by Loane Skeene;
 

___________ Mental Malfunction and Criminal Responsibility, Melbourne : The Commission, 1988, 95 p. (series; Discussion Paper; no. 14), see Chapter 8, "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility" at pp. 71-89; ISBN: 0724167307;
 

___________ Mental Malfunction and Criminal Responsibility, Melbourne : The Commission, 1990, iii, 113 p. (series; Report; no. 34), see Chapter 7, "Gross Intoxication" at pp. 72-85; ISBN: 0730605671;
 

__________ Public drunkenness, [Melbourne] : The Commission, [1989], iv, 21 p. (series; report; number 25), ISBN: 0724167358; document not consulted; may not deal with the defence of drunkenness;
 

__________ Public drunkenness : supplementary report, [Melbourne, Vic.] : The Commission, [1990?], iii, 30 p. (series; Report; number 32), ISBN: 0730605620; document not consulted; may not deal with the defence of drunkenness;
 

LEADER-ELLIOTT, Ian, "Editorial: Criminal Intoxication", (1998) 22 Criminal Law Journal 321-324;
 

___________"Intoxication Defences: The Australian Perspective"  in Stanley Men Heong Yeo, ed., Partial Excuses to Murder, Annandale (New South Wales): The Federation Press with the assistance of The Law Foundation of New South Wales,  [1990], xvii, 287 p., at pp. 216-244, ISBN: 1862870470;
 

___________"Voluntariness, Intoxication and Fault",  (1991) 15 Criminal Law Journal 112-124;
 

MULLEN, Vicki, Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility, Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Library, 1995 19, [27], p., (series; Briefing Paper / NSW Parliamentary Library Research service; No 30/95);  text not consulted, information from the catalogue of the National Library of Australia; see "Executive Summary" at  http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/C05D360CE5E8C1E1CA256ECF000A714E (accessed on 11 July 2005);
 

NEW SOUTH WALES, the Crimes Legislation Amendment Act 1996 (NSW), "inserting new Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), Pt 11A, ss 428-428I;
 

NORTHERN TERRIRORY (AUSTRALIA), Criminal Code of the Northern Territory of Australia, see sections 7 and 154;


___________Criminal Code Amendment Act (Criminal Responsibility Reform) Act  2005, available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nt/bill/ccarrb2005523/ (accessed on 13 October 2007); 


O'CONNOR, D. (Desmond) O. and P.A. Fairall, Criminal Defences, 3rd ed., Sydney: Butterworths, 1996, xxxii, 328 p., see Chapter 12, "Intoxication" at pp. 226-249, ISBN: 0409308463;
 

ORCHARD, Gerald F., "Criminal Responsibility and Intoxication -- The Australian Rejection of Majewski", [1980] New Zealand Law Journal 532-539;


___________""The Law Commission Consultation Paper on Intoxication and Criminal Liability -- (2) Surviving  Without Majewski  -- A View from Down Under",  [1993] Criminal Law Review 426-431;
 

O'REGAN, Robin S, Essays on the Australian Criminal Codes, Sydney: The Law Book, 1979, xix, 152 p., see Essay V, "Intoxication", at pp. 68-88, ISBN: 0455199558;
 

___________"Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", (1977-80) 10 University of Queensland Law Journal 70-82
 

QUEENSLAND, Queensland Criminal Code Act 1899, see section 28, intoxication;
 

RAJARATNAM, Shantha M. W., Jennifer R. Redman, and  Michael G. Lenné, "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", (2000) 7(1) Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law 59-69;
 

RIDGWAY, Peter M., "Intoxication and the Role of the Expert Witness", (December 1996)  3(4) Law - Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law available on the internet at  http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v3n4/ridg21.html;
 

SCHURR, Beverly Schurr,"Review of Australian Criminal Legislation, January to June 1996", (1996) 20 Criminal Law Journal 340-344 at 340 on  "inserting new Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), Pt 11A, ss 428-428I and repealing the common law on intoxication";
 

SKENE, Loane Lovat Campbell, 1947-, Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility, Clayton, Victoria: Monash University, LL.M. thesis, xi, 309, vi, [35] leaves, [1] folded leaf ; text not consulted; information from the  Monash Voyager Catalogue (Monash University);
 

SMITH, George, "Footnote to O'Connor's Case", (1981) 5 Criminal Law Journal 270-279;
 

SNELLING, H.A., "Drunkenness and Criminal Responsibility", (1956-57) 30 Australian Law Journal 3-8;
 

SOUTH AUSTRALIA,  Criminal Law Consolidation (Intoxication) Amendment Act 1999 (SA);
 

___________Attorney-General’s Office, Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility, Discussion Paper, July 1998, various pagings, "Released by the Hon. Trevor Griffin, MLC. contains Ministerial Statement; discussion paper; draft legislation"; information from  from the catalogue of the National Library of Australia;
 

___________Attorney-General's Department and Matthew Goode, Intoxication and criminal responsibility: discussion paper, Adelaide : Attorney-General's Dept., [1991], 27 p., (series; South Australia : review of the criminal law); Note: Cover title: "M.R. Goode", text not consulted; information from the State Library of South Australia Library catalogue;
 

TASMANIA, Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania, Insanity, Intoxication and Automatism, Tasmania: M.C. Reed, Government Printer Tasmania, 1989, 20 p. (series; Report, Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania; number 61) (series; Parliament of Tasmania; 1989, number 31));  abstracted (1990) 16 Commonwealth Law Bulletin 1299 (part of one page only);
 

TASMANIA, Tasmania Law Reform Institute, Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility, Hobart : Tasmania Law Reform Institute, March 2005, 76 p. (series; issues paper; number 7); available at  http://www.law.utas.edu.au/reform/Publications/Intoxication/IntoxicationIssuesPaper16Mar05.pdf (accessed on 27 May 2005); see also responses to to this issues papers, at  http://www.law.utas.edu.au/reform/responses.htm `(accessed on 25 September 2005);


___________Tasmania Law Reform Institute, Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility -- Final Report, [Hobart : Tasmania Law Reform Institute], August 2006, 114 p. (series; report; number 7); available at http://www.law.utas.edu.au/reform/Publications/Intoxication/Intoxication%20Final%20Report.pdf (accessed on 1 September 2006);
 

TOLMIE, Julia, “Alcoholism and Criminal Liability”, (2001) 64(5) The Modern Law Review 688-709;
 

___________"Intoxication and Criminal Liability in New South Wales: - A Random Patchwork?",  (1999) 23 Criminal Law Journal 218-237;
 

VICTORIA, , Crimes (Homicide) Act 2005, Act No. 77/2005, available at http://www.dms.dpc.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubStatbook.nsf/f932b66241ecf1b7ca256e92000e23be/F0B7C8D5D930EE26CA2570C1001F677F/$FILE/05-077a.pdf (accessed on 4 August 2006); "the degree to which intoxication can factor into the objective 'reasonable person' standard is clearly spelled out with respect to the crimes of murder, manslaughter, and defensive homicide - as well as the defences thereto" (source: http://au.oup.com/content/general.asp?ContentID=1869, accessed on 4 August 2006);  


VICTORIA, Parliament of Victoria, Victoria Law Reform Committee, Criminal Liability for Self-induced Intoxication: Report, Melbourne : Govt. Printer, 1999, xx, 139 p., (series; Victoria Parliamentary paper; 1998-99, no. 53), Notes: "May 1999", ISBN: 0731152654, (Chairman: Mr. Victor Perton, MP); available on the internet at  http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/lawreform/intox/main.htm; includes comparative law;
 

VICTORIA, Victorian Law Reform Commission, Defences to Homicide -- Final Report, Melbourne (Victoria): Victorian Law Reform Commission, 2004, lvi, 360 p., see "Intoxication", at pp.124-127, ISBN: 0975149776; available at  http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/Homicide_Final_Report/$file/FinalReport.pdf (accessed on 15 January 2005);
 

WALKER, Gordon, "Volontary Intoxication - The Australian Response to Majewski's Case", (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 13-26;
 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Criminal Code, s. 28;
 

Armenia / Arménie
 
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA, Criminal Code, available at http://www.legislationline.org/legislations.php?jid=4&ltid=15 (accessed on 24 September 2007);

"Article 27. Criminal liability of persons who committed crime in the state of intoxication.

1. The person who committed a crime as a result of alcoholic, narcotic or other intoxication is not exempted from criminal liability.

2. When sentencing an alcoholic, a drug or poison addict, the court can also impose forced medical treatment, provided there is danger of the committal of a new crime due to this addiction."


Austria / Autriche

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.  EMPEROR (1765-1790 : Joseph II),  The Emperor’s new code of criminal laws. Published at Vienna, the 15th of January, 1787. Translated from the German, by an officer, London : printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1787, [3], vi-viii,110 p.; notes: Translation of Allgemeines Gesetz über Verbrechen 1787; available in the Eighteenth Century Collections Online, ESTC number T100992; 18th century microfilm reel # 677; source: British Library;

5.  The want of free-will absolves the offender from any criminal accusation, in the following cases: ...

c. When the action has been committed in a moment of drunkenness, purely accidental, and that has not been premeditalely designed; or in a confusion of circumstances, or a perturbation of mind, during which time the offender has not known what he did." (pp. 2-3)


Les nouveaux codes pénaux de langue allemande: Autriche (1974), République démocratique allemande (1968) et République fédérale d'Allemagne (1975), Paris: La  Documentation française avec le concours du Centre français de droit comparé, 1981, 565 p., voir le Code pénal autrichien, traduction de Yvonne Marx et de Pierre Chenut, aux pp.9-160 et plus particulièrement l'article 35, "État d'ébriété" à la p. 29 et l'article 287, "Commission d'un acte passible d'une peine en état d'ébriété totale" aux pp. 134-135,  ISBN: 2110006579 (Collection des codes pénaux européens du Comité de législation étrangère et de droit international du Ministère de la Justice, sous la direction de Marc Ancel avec la collaboration de Yvonne Marx; tome 5);

 
"État d'ébriété
ARTICLE 35.-- Si l'auteur a agi sous l'empire d'un état d'ébriété n'excluant pas la responsabilité, ce fait n'est considéré comme circonstance atténuante que dans la mesure où l'atténuation de la responsabilité entraînée par cet état n'est pas compensée par le grief fondé sur la consommation ou sur l'usage de substances enivrantes, compte tenu des circonstances d'espèce."
......

"Commission d'un acte passible d'une peine en état d'ébriété totale
ARTICLE 287. -- (1) Quiconque se met, fût-ce par simple négligence, dans un état d'ébriété excluant tout discernenment, par la consommation d'alcool ou par l'usage d'un autre moyen provoquant l'ébriété, est puni, lorsqu'il commet, sous l'effet de l'ébriété, un acte qui serait imputé à sa charge comme crime ou délit s'il ne se trouvait pas dans cet état, d'une peine privative de liberté de trois ans au plus ou d'une peine pécuniaire représentant 360 fois le taux journalier au plus.  La peine ne peut, toutefois, être plus sévère, quant à sa nature et quant à sa mesure, que celle prévue par la loi pour l'acte commis en état d'ébriété.

(2) L'auteur n peut être poursuivi que sur demande, sur requête ou avec autorisation à cet effet, si l'acte passible d'une peine commis en état d'ébriété ne peut être poursuivi que sur une telle demande ou requête ou avec une telle autorisation" (pp. 134-135)
-------------------------

[Texte allemand / German language]

§ 35 Berauschung

 Hat der Täter in einem die Zurechnungsfähigkeit nicht ausschließenden Rauschzustand gehandelt, so ist dies nur insoweit mildernd, als die dadurch bedingte Herabsetzung der Zurechnungsfähigkeit nicht durch den Vorwurf aufgewogen wird, den der Genuß oder Gebrauch des berauschenden Mittels den Umständen nach begründet.

......

§ 287 Begehung einer mit Strafe bedrohten Handlung im Zustand voller Berauschung
 (1) Wer sich, wenn auch nur fahrlässig, durch den Genuß von Alkohol oder den Gebrauch eines anderen berauschenden Mittels in einen  die Zurechnungsfähigkeit ausschließenden Rausch versetzt, ist, wenn er im Rausch eine Handlung begeht, die ihm außer diesem  Zustand als Verbrechen oder Vergehen zugerechnet würde, mit Freiheitsstrafe bis zu drei Jahren oder mit Geldstrafe bis zu 360 Tagessätzen zu bestrafen. Die Strafe darf jedoch nach Art und Maß nicht strenger sein, als sie das Gesetz für die im Rausch begangene Tat androht.

 (2) Der Täter ist nur auf Verlangen, auf Antrag oder mit Ermächtigung zu verfolgen, wenn die im Rausch begangene mit Strafe bedrohte  Handlung nur auf Verlangen, auf Antrag oder mit Ermächtigung zu verfolgen ist.


SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, infra, see "Austrian Law" at pp. 81-82;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de l'Autriche, les pp. 1282-1284; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

Belgium / Belgique

COMMISSION POUR LA RÉVISION DU CODE PÉNAL, Rapport sur les principales orientations de la réforme, Bruxelles: Ministère de la Justice, Moniteur Belge, 1979, 125 p., voir les pp. 81-83; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX gegeral, KE8809.5 .C3453 1979;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Belgique, les pp. 1293-1295; copie à l'Université de Montréal;

 

Brunei Darussalam / Brunéi Darussalam

Penal Code, available at http://www.agc.gov.bn/pdf/Cap22.pdf  (accessed on 25 April 2006);

"Intoxication when a defence.
85. (1) Save as provided in this section and in section 86, intoxication shall not constitute a defence to any criminal charge.

(2) Intoxication shall be a defence to any criminal charge if by reason thereof the person charged at the time of the act or omission complained of did not know that such act or omission was wrong or did not know what he was doing that and —
(a) the state of intoxication was caused without his consent by the malicious or negligent act of another person; or
(b) the person charged was by reason of intoxication insane, temporarily or otherwise, at the time of such set or omission.

Effect of defence of intoxication when established.
86. (1) Where the defence under subsection (2) of section 85 is established then in a case falling under paragraph (a) thereof the accused person shall be acquitted, and in a case falling under paragraph (b) the provisions of section 84 of this Code and of sections 319 and 320 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Chapter 7) shall apply.
(2) Intoxication shall be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether the person charged had formed any intention, specific or otherwise, in the absence of which he would not be guilty of the offence.
(3) For the purpose of this and the preceding section “intoxication” shall be deemed to include a state produced by narcotics or drugs."


Canada

Canada (separate bibliography) / Canada (bibliographie indépendante)

Canon Law / Droit canon

Code de droit canonique, Texte officiel et traduction française par La société internationale de droit canonique et de législations religieuses comparées avec le concours des Faculté de droit canonique de l'Université Saint-Paul d'Ottawa, Faculté de droit canonique de l'Institut catholique de Paris, Ottawa:  Service des Éditions de la Conférence des Évêques catholiques du Canada (C.E.C.C.), 1984, xxxii, 363 p., ISBN: 0889970971; note de recherche: voir les canons 1323, par. 6, 1324, par. 2 et 1325 aux pp. 229-230; voir Le Code de droit canonique - Anglais / Français / Latin / Espagnol à http://www.prairienet.org/nrpcatholic/cicmenu.html;
 

The Code of Canon Law in English translation Prepared by The Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland in association with The Canon Law Society of Australia and New Zealand and The Canadian Canon Law Society, London (England): Collins, 1983, xv, 319 p.,  ISBN: 000599750X (cased) and 0005997577 (limp); see canons 1323, par. 6, 1324, par. 2 and 1325 at pp. 234-235; see The Code of Canon Law - English / French / Latin / Spanish at http://www.prairienet.org/nrpcatholic/cicmenu.html;
 

D'ALTEROCHE, Bernard, "Observations sur l’ivresse dans le droit canonique classique", dans Mélanges en l’honneur d’Anne Lefebvre-Teillard, éd. B. d’Alteroche, F. Demoulin-Auzary, O. Descamps et F. Roumy, Paris, éd. Panthéon-Assas, 2010, p. 33-52;

GAUDEMET, J., «Le problème de la responsabilité pénale dans l'antiquité», dans La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du Colloque de philosophie pénale (12
au 21 janvier 1959) présentés par J. Léauté, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1961, 564 p. aux pp. 51-80 à la p. 79 (Collection; Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg; vol. VIII),  Note : Travaux de l'Institut de Sciences Criminelles et pénitentiaires);

"Et les pères [de l'Église] envisagent le cas de l'infraction commise en état d'ivresse.  Dominé par une stricte exigence de la volonté libre et éclairée, Ambroise admet que l'ivresse peut atténuer la responsabilité (78).  Dans une analyse plus fine, Augustin considère au contraire que si la faute commise en état d'ivresse n'est pas punissable, l'ivresse, elle, devra être punie.(79) [...]
----
(78) De Abraham, I, 6, 57 (CSEL. 32, 1, 539), reproduit au Décret de Gratien, C. 15, qu. 1, c. 7.
(79) Contra Faustum XXII, 44 (CSEL 25, 1, 636)." (p. 79)


HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-1943, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34, 3 tomes (Collection; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); sur l'ivresse, voir le tome III,  PDF  pp. 53-77; notes de recherche: Harboe fut un médecin qui obtint un diplôme en droit;  on s'excuse pour la mauvaise qualité de la copie pdf; pdf et internet complétés le 5 septembre 2007; livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

    "Le droit canonique maintenait le point de vue du droit romain au sujet des crimes par ivresse, reconnaissant le manque de culpabilité en cas de hauts degrés d'ivresse, mais considérant l'enivrement un crime punissable, et cela si la personne se grisait en lieu publique ou si l'ivresse portait à des actes illégaux.

    Le canon préscrivit: 'Qua propter culpandus est quidem: non tamen quantum illa meretur ebrietas'." (1934, p. 54)


METZ, M. l'abbé René, «La responsabilité pénale dans le droit canonique médiéval», dans La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du Colloque de philosophie pénale (12 au 21 janvier 1959) présentés par J. Léauté, Paris : Librairie Dalloz, 1961, 564 p. aux pp. 83-116 (Collection; Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg; vol. VIII),  Note : Travaux de l'Institut de Sciences Criminelles et pénitentiaires).  Note de recherche: un excellent  article, voir les pp. 103-105 sur l'ivresse;
 

China

CHINA, Penal Code, article 18;

Article 18. A mentally ill person who causes dangerous consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or unable to control his own conduct is not to bear criminal responsibility after being established  through accreditation of legal procedures; but his family or guardian shall be ordered to subject him to strict surveillance and arrange for his medical treatment. When necessary, he will be given compulsory medical treatment by the government.
A person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime during a period of mental normality.
A mentally ill person who commits a crime at a time when he has not yet completely lost his ability to recognize or control his own conduct shall bear criminal responsibility but he may be given a lesser or a  mitigated punishment.
An intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.


Croatia/Croatie

Criminal Code in English, available at http://www.vsrh.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV/Files/Legislation__Criminal-Code.doc, (accessed on 26 September 2007);


"Voluntary Intoxication
Article 41

A perpetrator who, due to the consumption of alcohol, narcotic drugs or other substances, culpably brings himself into a state in which he is incapable of understanding the significance of his conduct or of controlling his own will shall not be deemed mentally incapable if, at the time of bringing himself into such a state, his intent encompasses the offense committed, or if at this time he is negligent in regard to the offense, provided that the statute prescribes punishment for such a form of culpability as well."


Denmark / Danemark

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal du Danemark, les pp. 1313-1314; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 
 

England, Wales and Northern Ireland / Angleterre, Pays de Galles
et Irlande du Nord

ALLEN, Michael J., "Recklessness and Intoxication in the House of Lords", (1981) 32 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 373-388;
 

ASHWORTH, Andrew, "The Butler Report - (4) The Butler Committee and Criminal Responsibility", [1975] Criminal Law Review 687-696, see "dangerous intoxication" at pp. 694-695;
 

___________"The Fourteenth Report of Criminal Law Revision Committee: Offences Against the Person - (4) "Intoxication and General Defences", [1980] Criminal Law Review 556-564;
 

___________"'Reason, Logic & Criminal Liability" (1975) 91 The Law Quarterly Review 102-130; see "Intoxication" at pp. 112-119 and "Fault and Causation" at pp. 119-126;
 

BAKER, J.H., ed., The Reports of Sir John Spelman, London: Selden Society, 1978, vol. 2, see Chapter 10, "Pleas of the Crown", at pp. 299-346, at p. 309; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General, KD 270 1502. S64; note: Sir John Spelman, c. 1480-1546;
 

BARLOW, N.L.A., "Drug Intoxication and the Principle of Capacitas Rationalis", (1984) 100 Law Quarterly Review 639-652;
 

BLACKSTONE, BLACKSTONE, William, 1723-1780, Commentaries on the Laws of  England: A Facsimile of the First Edition of 1765- 1769, Volume IV, Of  Public Wrongs  (1769) with an Introduction by Thomas A. Green, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979 (reprint for vol. 4 of Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1769), xvi, 436,  [vii], [53]  p.; on drunkeness, see pp. 25-26;
 

BOLAND, Faye, Anglo-American insanity defence reform : the war between law and medicine, Aldershot, England; Brookfield, Vt. : Ashgate, c1998, x, 193 p., ISBN: 1840147164; see intoxication in the index at p. 192;
 

___________"Intoxication and Criminal Liability", (1996) 60 Journal of Criminal Law 100-107;


___________"Involuntary Intoxication Is Not a Defence", (1995) 4 Web JCLI (Web Journal of Current Legal Issues); available at  http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/articles4/boland4.html#bibliography (accessed on 24 February 2006); R v Kingston [1994] 3 All ER 353 (HL);
 

CAVENDER, S. J. "The Lords Against Majewski and the Law" (1989), 21 Bracton Law Journal  9-16;
 

CLEMENTS, L.M., "After R. v. Kingston : Is There Scope for a New Defence of Involuntary Intoxication?", (1995) 59 Journal of Criminal Law 305-309;
 

Commentary, "The Law after Majewski" [1976] Criminal Law Review 374-378;
 

COMMITTEE ON MENTALLY ABNORMAL OFFENDERS, Report of the Committee on Mentally Abnormal Offenders: Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department and the Secretary of State for Social Services by Command of Her Majesty, October 1975, London: Her Majesty  Stationery Office, 1975,  xv, 330 p., see "Offences Committeed While Intoxicated" at pp. 235-237 (series; Command; 6244), ISBN: 0101624409 (Chairman: The Rt Hon the Lord Butler of Saffron Walden);
 

CROSS, Rupert, "Specific Intent", [1961] Criminal Law Review 510-516;
 

DASHWOOD, Alan, "Logic and the Lords in Majewski (1) and (2)", [1977] Criminal Law Review 532-541 and 591-597;
 

DAVIS, O.C.M., "Drunkenness and the Criminal Law", (1941) 5 The Journal of Criminal Law 166-192 and 269-288;


DINGWALL, Gavin,: Alcohol and crime, Cullompton : Willan, 2006,viii, 216 p., ISBN: 1843921677; title noted in my research but book not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 26 July 2006);

"Contents
Acknowledgements
1 Alcohol and society
2 Alcohol use and crime
3 Explaining the frequent co-existence
4 Crime prevention and policing
5 Intoxication and criminal responsibility
6 Sentencing the intoxicated offender
7 Conclusion: addressing the problem
References
Index" (source: http://www.willanpublishing.co.uk/catalogue.pdf, accessed on 26 July 2006)


DRIPPS, Donald A., "Rehabilitating Bentham's Theory of Excuses", September, 24 2009, forthcoming in  Texas Tech Law Review, San Diego Legal Studies, 30 p. and see "Intoxication" at pp. 16-19, available at SSRN:  http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1478194#  (accessed on 1 October 2009); 

ELLIOTT, Catherine, "A Comparative Analysis of Defences in English and French Criminal Law", (2000) 8(4) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 319-326, see "Defences with no equivalent in French law" at p. 325;
 

ENGLAND and WALES, Criminal Bill Commission, Report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Consider the Law Relating to Indictable Offences: With an Appendix Containing a Draft Code Embodying the Suggestions of the Commissioners, Command 2345 in Sessional Papers (1878-79), vol. 20, pp. 169-378 (President : C.B. Blackburn); also published in Royal Commission Select Committee and Other Reports on the Criminal Law with Proceedings Minutes of Evidence Appendix and Index 1847-1879, Shannon : Irish University Press, 1971 (series; Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers; Legal Administration Criminal Law; vol. 6) at pp. 369-579;

"We have thought it unadvisable to introduce any express reference  to the well-known doctrine that drunkenness is no excuse for crime, though in particular instances its existence may show the absence of specific intention.  Reference to the matter might suggest misunderstanding of a dangerous kind." (p. 18 of the command paper; p. 294 of the Sessional Papers)


__________Criminal Law Revision Committee, Fourteenth Report: Offences against the Person, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980, v. 150 p., see in "Part VI. Voluntary Intoxication",  pp. 111-118;
 

___________Her Majesty's Commissioners for  Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law, Second Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners for  Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law,  command number 709 in Sessional Papers (1846), vol. 24, pp. 107-182, see art. 3 at p. 117; also published in Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Reports From The Royal Commission On Revising and Consolidating The Criminal Law With Appendices and Index 1845-49, vol. 5, Legal Administration Criminal Law, Dublin: Shannon University Press, 1971, pp. 169-244, see art. 3 at p. 179, ISBN: 071651141X;
 

___________Her Majesty's Commissioners on Criminal Law, Seventh Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners on Criminal Law, command number 448 in  Sessional Papers [British Parliamentary Papers]1843,  volume 19,  pp. 1-285, see on "intoxication", pp. 19-20; this Seventh Report is also published in Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Reports From The Royal Commission On The Criminal Law With Appendices And index 1834-41, vol.4, Legal Administration Criminal Law, Dublin: Shannon University Press, 1971, pp. 9-296, ISBN: 0716511401;.
 

___________House of Commons,  Criminal Code (Indictable Offences) Bill, 1878 in  Sessional Papers [British Parliamentary Papers] (1878), vol. 2, pp. 5-249 at p. 39, section 21, "Drunkenness"; Research Note: Bill 178 was drafted by Sir James Fitzjames Stephen;

 
___________The Law Commission, Codification of the Criminal Law: A Report to the Law Commission, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1985, vi, 246 p.,  see comments on clause 26, "Intoxication" at pp. 75-80 and clause 26 at pp. 185-186 (series; Law Com. No. 143);
 

___________The Law Commission, A Criminal Code for England and Wales, vol. 1: Report and Draft Criminal Code Bill and vol. 2: Commentary on Draft Criminal Code Bill, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, [1989], v, 278 p. see vol. 1, pp. 52-53, clause 22 on "Intoxication" and vol. 2, pp. 196-200, comments on clause 22  (series; Law Com. No. 177),  ISBN: 0102299897.
 

___________The Law Commission, Criminal Law: Legislating the Criminal Code: Offences against the Person and General Principles, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1993, vi, 144 p., see "The Effect of Intoxication" at pp. 81-86 and  the "Draft Criminal Law Bill" (series; Law Com. No. 218; Command number 2370), ISBN: 0101237022;
 

___________The Law Commission, Intoxication and Criminal Liability, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1993, iv, 109 p., (series; The Law Commission; Consultation Paper No. 127), ISBN: 0117302104;
  

___________The Law Commission, Intoxication and Criminal Liability, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 2009, vii, 132 p., (series; The Law Commission; Report;  No. 314), available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/lc314.pdf (accessed on 25 January 2009);

___________The Law Commission, "Intoxication and Criminal Liability -- Latest News", 2 July 2008;

"The Law Commission undertook a thorough review of the law on intoxication prior to publishing its 1992 consultation paper Intoxication and Criminal Liability (LCCP 127).  Following consultation, the Commission's final recommendations were set out in its 1995 report Legislating the Criminal Code: Intoxication and Criminal Liability (LC 229)

However, the Commission's Draft Criminal Law (Intoxication) Bill appended to the 1995 report has never been presented to Parliament.  In its 1998 consultation paper - Violence, Reforming the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 - the Home Office commented that the Government had considered the Commission's recommendations and draft Criminal Law (Intoxication) Bill but had concluded "that they were unnecessarily complex for the purposes of [its Offences against the Person] Bill". (source: http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/1159.htm, accessed on 10 December 2008);

___________The Law Commission, Legislating the Criminal Code: Intoxication and Criminal Liability, Item 5 of the Fourth Programme of Law Reform: Criminal Law, London: HMSO (Her Majesty's Stationery Office), 1995, vi, 123 p., (series; Law Commission; No. 229), ISBN: 0102153957;
 

___________The Law Commission, Legislating the Criminal Code: Offences against the Person and General Principles, London: Her Majesty Stationery Office, 1992, v, 131 p.,  see "Intoxication" at pp. 69-73 and the appendixes (series; Consultation paper; number122),  ISBN: 011730204X;
 

FARRIER, David, Drugs and Intoxication, London : Sweet and Maxwell, 1980,  xix, 262 p. (series; Modern legal studies), ISBN: 042127090X (pbk.); text not consulted;
 

___________Notes of Cases, "Intoxication: Legal Logic or Common Sense?" (1976), 39 Modern Law  Review 578-581; deals with the House of Lords decision of D.P.P. v. Majewski;
 

FERGUSON, Peter W., "Reckless Intoxication", (1985) 49 The Journal of Criminal Law 295-298;
 

FOLEY, Brian, "Same Problem, Same Solution?  The Treatment of the Voluntarily Intoxicated Offender in England and Germany", [2001] Trinity College Law Review 119-140; available at  http://web.archive.org/web/20050208184130/http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/literature/intoxi.html (accessed on 28 August 2006);
 

GARDNER, Simon. "The Importance of Majewski", (1994) 14 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 279-286;

___________Notes, "Uncontrollable Intention in Criminal Law", (1994) 110 The Law Quarterly Review 8-12; deals with R. v. Kingston [1993] 3 W.L.R. 676;
 

GOODE, Matthew. "Some Thoughts on the present state of the 'Defence' of  Intoxication", (1984) 8 Criminal Law Journal 104-121;
 

GOUGH, Stephen, "Intoxication and Criminal Liability: the Law Commission's Proposed Reforms", (1996) 112 The Law Quarterly Review 335-351;
 

___________"Surviving without Majewski?",  [2000] The Criminal Law Review 719-733; copy at the University of Ottawa, KD 7862 .C734  Location, FTX Periodicals;
 

GREAT BRITAIN, Home Office, Violence: Reforming the Offences against the Person Act 1861, [London]: Stationery Office, 1948, 41 p.; note: consultation paper dated February 1998, see clause 19 of the Offences Against the Person Bill;
 

HALE, Matthew, 1609-1676, Historia Placitorum Coronae - The History of the Pleas of the Crown, volume 1 of 2, Oxon (England): Professional Books, 1987 (reprint of   [London] : In the Savoy, printed by E. and R. Nutt and R Gosling for F. Gyles, T. Woodward, and C. Davis, 1736. Holborn), xix, 710 p., see volume 1, p. 32;


HAQUE, Quazi and Ian Cumming,  "Intoxication and Legal defences", (2003) 9 Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 144-151; available at http://apt.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/9/2/144#top (accessed on 1 March 2008);
 

HAWKINS, William, 1673-1746, A Treatise of The Pleas of the Crown or a System of the Principal Matters relating to that Subject, digested under their proper Heads In Two Books, 2nd edition corrected, New York: Arno Press, 1972, (reprint of:  London: Printed by the Assigns of E. Sayer for J. Walthoe, 1724), 310, [44 ] p. (Book 1) and 387, [77] p. (Book 2), (series; American Law: The Formative Years, An Arno Presss Collection), see Book 1, Chapter, s. 6, at p. 2, ISBN: 0405040202;
 

HORDER, Jeremy, "Pleading Involuntary Lack of Capacity", (1993) 52(2) Cambridge Law Journal 298-318;
 

___________"Sobering Up? The Law Commission on Criminal Intoxication", (1995) 58 Modern Law Review 534-546;


KERR, Norman Shanks, Inebriety or narcomania: its etiology, pathology, treatment  and jurisprudence, London: H.K. Lewis, 1894; available at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76898m/f7.table (accessed on 17 November 2008);
 

LEONARD, John, "Drink, drugs and automatism", (1972) 40 Medico Legal Journal 53-68, note that pp. 64-68 consists of discussion of the author, the President, Dr. Blair Dr. Fairfield and Mr. Samuels; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa; a few lines only on automatism;
 

LYNCH, A.C.E., "The Scope of Intoxication", [1982] Criminal Law Review 139-145;
 

MacDONALD, Elizabeth, "Reckless Language and Majewski", (1986) 6 Legal Studies 239-256;
 

MacKAY, R.D., "Intoxication as a Factor in Automatism", [1982] Criminal Law Review 146-156;
 

__________Mental Condition Defences in the Criminal Law,  Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, xxii, 252 p. (series;  Oxford monographs on criminal law and justice), see Chapter 3, "Self-induced Incapacity, Mental Disorder, and the Doctrine of Fault" at pp. 144-179, ISBN: 0198259956;
 

__________"The Taint of Intoxication", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 37-48 (part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);


McAULEY, Finbarr, "The Intoxication Defence in Criminal Law", (1997) 32 Irish Jurist 243-296; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada; article also deals with the law of several States;


McCUTCHEON, J. Paul, "Criminal law and the defence of intoxication", in Shane Kilcommis and Ian O'Donnell, eds., Alcohol, Society and Law, Chichester (West Sussex): Barry Rose Law Publishers, 2003, xxxv, 396 p., ISBN: 1902681339; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this book in the Ottawa libaries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 3 June 2006);

 

McCOLGAN, Aileen, "General Defences"  in Donald Nicolson and Llois Bibbings, eds., Feminist Perspectives on Criminal Law, London/Sydney: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2000, xxx, 282 p., Chapter 8 at pp. 137-158, see "Intoxication" at pp. 142-143, ISBN: 1859415261; copy at Ottawa University, FTX general, KD 7850 .F46 2000;
 

MILGATE, H.P., "Intoxication, Mistake and the Public Interest", [1987] Cambridge Law Journal 381-384; R. v. O'Grady [1987] 3 W.L.R. 321 (C.A.); about mistake due to intoxication in self-defence;
 

Notes, "Constructive Murder - Drunkenness in Relation to Mens Rea", (1920-21) 34 Harvard Law Review 78-81;
 

O'LEARY, Julianne, "Lament for the Intoxication 'Defence'", (1997) 48 Northern Ireland Law Quarterly 152-161;
 

ORCHARD, Gerald F., "Criminal Responsibility and Intoxication -- The Australian Rejection of Majewski", [1980] New Zealand Law Journal 532-539;
 

___________"Drunkenness, Drugs, and Manslaughter", [1970] Criminal Law Review 132-139 and 211-218;
 

___________"The Law Commission Consultative Paper on Intoxicated Criminal Liability (2): Surviving without Majewski -- A View from Down Under", [1993] Criminal Law Review 426-431;
 

PATON, Ewan, "Reformulating the Intoxication Rules: The Law Commission's Report", [1995] 37 Criminal Law Review  382-388;
 

PREVEZER, Sidney, "Some Recent Decisions of the House of Lords Seen in the Light of Major Changes in the Criminal Law in the Last Twenty Years", (1980) 14 The Law Teacher 168-178, see D.P.P. v. Majewski at pp. 175-177;
 

RABIN, Dana Y., "Drunkenness and Responsibility for Crime in the Eighteenth Century", (2005) 44 Journal of British Studies 457-477;
 

REED, Alan, "Involuntary Intoxication Does Not Negative Criminal Intent", (1995) 59 The Journal of Criminal Law 76-78; deals with the House of Lords decision of R. v. Kingston;
 

RUMGAY, Judith, 1952-, ed.,  Jo Campling ; foreword by Ronald V. Clarke., Crime, punishment, and the drinking offender, Houndmills [Basingstoke, England]:  Macmillan Press ; New York : St. Martin's Press, 1998, x, 234 p., bibliographical references (pp. 209-226),  ISBN: MacMillan Press:  0333676599 and St. Martin's Press Inc.:0312216793 (cloth);
 

SAMUELS, Alec, "Mental Illness and Criminal Liability", (1975) 15(3) Medicine, Science and the Law 198-204, see "Drink and Drugs" at pp. 200-201 (two colums per page); copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
 

SELLERS, John, "Mens Rea and the Judicial Approach to 'Bad Excuses' in the Criminal Law", (1978) 41 Modern Law Review 244-265;


SIMESTER, A.P., "Intoxication is Never a Defence", [2009] Criminal Law Review 3-14;
 

SINGH, R.U., "History of the Defence of Drunkenness in English Criminal Law", (1933) 49 The Law Quarterly Review 528-546;
 

SMITH, A.T.H., Cases Annotated, "Drunkenness - Old Wine in Old Botles", [1976] Cambridge Law Journal 208-211; deals with Majewski v. D.P.P.;
 

SMITH, J.C., "Intoxication and the Mental Element in Crime" in Peter Wallington and Robert M. Merkin, eds., Essays in Memory of Professor F.H. Lawson, London: Butterworths, 1986, ix, 193 p., Essay 10 at pp. 119-132, ISBN: 0406500304;
 

SMITH, Raymond and Linda Clements, "Involuntary Intoxication, the Threshold of Inhibition and the Instigation of Crime", (1995) 46 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 210-224;
 

STANNARD, John E., "The demise of drunkenness", (1982) 2 Legal Studies 291-301;
 

___________"Stretching the Actus Reus", (1995) 30 Irish Jurist 200-220, see "the 'Dutch Courage' rule" at pp. 210-213;
 

STEPHEN, James Fitzjames, 1829-1894, A Digest of the Criminal Law (Crimes and Punishments), 4th ed., London: MacMillan, 1887, xl, 441 p., see art. 29 "Drunkenness" at pp. 22-23; available at http://www.lareau-law.ca/DigitalLibrary.html;
 

STROUD, Douglas Aikenhead, "Constructive Murder and Drunkenness", (1920) 36 The Law Quarterly Review 268-273; copy at the University of Ottawa, KD 322 .L37  Location FTX Periodicals;
 

SULLIVAN, G.R., "Current Topic: Involuntary Intoxication and Beyond", [1994] The Criminal Law Review 273-275;
 

___________"Intoxicants and Diminished Resonsibility", [1994] The Criminal Law Review 156-162;
 

TOLMIE, Julia, “Alcoholism and Criminal Liability”, (2001) 64(5) The Modern Law Review 688-709;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de l'Angleterre, les pp. 1334-1338; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

VIRGO, Graham. "The Law Commission Consultation Paper on Intoxication and Criminal Liability -- (1) Reconciling Principle and Policy", [1993] Criminal Law Review  415-425;
 

WALKER, Gordon, "Volontary Intoxication - The Australian Response to Majewski's Case", (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 13-26;
 

WALKER, Nigel, Crime and insanity in England, Edinburgh, vol. 1, The Historical Perspective, Edinburgh: Edinburg University Press, 1968, [v], 302 p, see Chapter 10, "Automatism and Drunkenness" at pp. 165-182, ISBN : 0852240711; copy at the Supreme Court Library, Ottawa;
 

WARD, Alan R., "Making Some Sense of Self-Induced Intoxication", (1986) 45 Cambridge Law Journal 247-261;
 

WASIK, Martin, "Codication: Mental Disorder and Intoxication under the Draft Criminal Code", (1986) 50 Journal of Criminal Law 393-404, see intoxication at pp. 401-402;
 

WHITE, S., "Offences of Basic and Specific Intent", [1989] Criminal Law Review 271-274;
 

WILLIAMS, Glanville, "Intoxication and Specific Intent", (1976) 126 New Law Journal. 658-660;
 

WILSON, William, “Involuntary Intoxication: Excusing the Inexcusable?”, (1995) 1 Res publica : a journal of legal and social philosophy  25-40; copy at University of Toronto, Bora Laskin Law Library, call number:  K 18 E7648 (only place in Canada); title noted in my research but article not consulted (14 July 2005);
 

___________"The Filtering Role of Crisis in the Constitution of Criminal Excuses", (July 2004) 17(2) The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 387-416, and see "Involuntary Intoxication", at pp. 400-404;


Estonia/Estonie

ESTONIA, Penal Code, available at http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/07/6a/4d16963509db70c09d23e52cb8df.htm (accessed on 23 September 2007);

"§ 36. State of intoxication
A state of intoxication caused intentionally or through negligence shall not preclude guilt."

Ethiopia/Éthiopie
 

The Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of  Ethiopia,  2004, available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/70993/75092/F1429731028/ETH70993.pdf (accessed on 30 September 2007);

"Article 50.- Crimes Committed in a State of Irresponsibility Caused by Intoxication or Other Similar Conditions.

(1) The provisions excluding or reducing liability to punishment shall not apply to any person who, in order to commit a crime or knowing that he could commit a crime, intentionally put himself into a condition of absolute irresponsibility or of limited responsibility by means of alcohol or drugs or any other means. The general provisions of this Code are applicable in such a case.

(2) If a criminal by his own fault has put himself into a condition of absolute irresponsibility or of limited responsibility while he was aware, or could or should have been aware, that he was exposing himself, in such a condition, to the risk of committing a crime, he shall be tried and punished under the ordinary provisions governing negligence, if the crime committed is punishable on such a charge (Art. 59).

(3) In the case of a crime which was neither contemplated nor intended and was committed in a state of absolute irresponsibility into which the criminal put himself by his own fault, the provision of Article 491 of the Special Part of this Code relating to crimes against public safety shall apply.

(4) No person shall be liable to punishment where he commits a crime while in a state of absolute irresponsibility, into which he has been coerced or for which he has no fault on his part."

 
GRAVEN, Philippe, An Introduction to Ethiopian Penal Law (Arts. 1-84 Penal Code), Addis Ababa, The Faculty of Law Haile Sellassie 1 University & Oxford University Press, 1965, vii, 289 p.; copy at Dalhousie University, Halifax;  Research Note: The Ehiopian code is very much influenced by the Swiss Penal Code of 1942 and was drafted by Mr. Graven;

Finland / Finlande

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Finlande, les pp. 1316-1317; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

France
 

Code pénal, voir l'article 122-1;
 

Code pénal 1998-1999, 11ième édition, Paris : Litec, 1998, lxxii, 1789 p., voir sous l'article 122-1, la note 6 sur l'ivresse à la p. 49, ISBN: 271129349;
 

Code pénal, nouveau code pénal, ancien code pénal,  Paris: Dalloz, 1999, xviii, 2526, [6] p., voir sous l'article 122-1, les paragraphes 13 et 14 sur l'ivresse à la p. 65, ISBN: 2247030866;


DE BEAUPRÉ, "Étude historique sur la législation pénale au seizième siècle contre l'ivrognerie et les cabarets", dans Congrès de l'alliance universelle de l'ordre et de la civilisation, tome premier, Paris: Imprimerie typographique de A. Pougin, 1872, aux pp. 164-167; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=gBINAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&dq=%22l%C3%A9gislation+p%C3%A9nale+au%22&lr=&as_brr=0#PPA164,M1 (vérifié le31 août 2008);
 

ELLIOTT, Catherine, "A Comparative Analysis of Defences in English and French Criminal Law", (2000) 8(4) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 319-326, see "Defences with no equivalent in French law" at p. 325;


François 1er, Édit de François 1er, "Édit sur la punition des ivrognes, homicides et blasphémateurs",  Valence, 1er août 1536;

« S'il advient que , par ébriété et chaleur de vin , les ivrognes commettent aucuns mauvais cas, ne leur sera pour cette occasion pardonué ;  mais seront punis de la peine due audit délit, et davantage pour ladite  ébriété, à l'arbitrage du juge. »  (voir à http://books.google.com/books?id=p65mX0wisNQC&pg=PA527&dq=%22davantage+pour+ladite+%C3%A9bri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%22&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=iMhISe-pH4LKlQTTkfibCg, à la p. 527, vérifié le 17 décembre 2008; il s'agit évidemment d'un texte avec une orthographe modernisée);
 

GAGNIEUR, Francine-Anna, Du Délit commis en état d'ivresse, étude comparée en droit allemand et en droit français, Paris, impr. de L. Blanquet, 1943, 184 p. ; Université de Paris, Faculté de droit. Ed., thèse pour le doctorat; aucune copie dans les bibliothèques canadiennes comprises dans le catalogue AMICUS de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (vérification du 13 juillet 2005);
 

HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

   "En France, l'ordonnance de François premier parut en 1536, d'après laquelle l'ivresse n'avait aucun cractère de pouvoir mitiger la peine er l'ivresse fut elle-même punie par la mise au pain et à l'eau.

    A la première récidive, la personne ivre fut fouettée et en cas réitéré fustigée et les incorrigibles furent condamnés à se faire couper les oreilles, à l'excommunication et à l'infamie. [...]

    D'après plusieurs décrets, l'ivresse des soldats fut punie en Angleterre et en France par la défense de boire de l'eau-de-vie, et ceux qui commettaient des délits par violence en ivresse, furent frappés d'amende, s'ils étaient des hommes libres, et on leur coupaient les mains, s'ils étaient des esclaves.

    Même en 1824, la Cour de cassation française a déclaré que l'enivrement, comme un état reprochable et causé volontairement, ne sera pas une raison de mitiger la peine pour l'acte, et la même considération a été maintenue en Angleterre, en Ecosse et en Amérique.

    Plus tard un changement a eu lieu dans tous les pays concernant le jugement criminel de l'ivresse seule et de l'ivresse accompagnée d'actes punissables vers la façon de voir du droit romain, du droit canonique et de la jurisprudence italienne médiévale.

    Mais nulle part on n'est arrivé tout à fait à leur manière de voir." (1934, pp. 54-55)


LAINGUI, André, La responsabilité pénale dans l'ancien droit  (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle), Paris : Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1970, xii, 366 p., voir sur l'ivresse, les pp. 199-230 (Collection; Bibliothèque d'histoire du droit et droit romain sous la direction de P.-C. Timbal, tome XVII); note de recherche: très beau travail!
 

LAMBERT, Eugène, Philosophie de la Cour d'assises, Paris, H. Plon, 1861, vii, 316 p., et voir;le chapitre 24, "L'ivresse", aux pp.282-292; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=qVgOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ivresse+p%C3%A9nal+criminel+date:1800-1930&as_brr=1#PPP7,M1 et http://books.google.com/books?id=qVgOAAAAYAAJ&dq=ivresse+p%C3%A9nal+criminel+date:1800-1930&as_brr=1 (vérifiés le 1 décembre 2007); 


LEROY, H., De l'Alcoolisme au point de vue de sa prévention et de sa répression sur le terrain du droit pénal, thèse pour le  doctorat... par H. Leroy, Paris: A Rousseau, 1900, 266 p.; Université de Paris. Faculté de droit;  information provenant du catalogue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France,   Notice n° : FRBNF30799645; texte non consulté;
 

LEVASSEUR, Georges, "La responsabilité pénale de l'ivrogne et du drogué" dans Centre canadien de droit comparé et al. (sous la direction de), Travaux du troisième colloque international de droit comparé / Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Comparative Law,  Ottawa: Centre canadien de droit comparé et Montréal: Wilson & Lafleur, 1965, 170 p., aux pp. 83-129 (Collection; Collection des travaux de la faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa; tome VI);  travail très recherché du professeur Levasseur;


MARCÉ, Dr L.-V. (Louis-Victor),  Traité pratique des maladies mentales, Paris : J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1862, xvi, 862 p., voir "L'ivresse" aux pp. 640-643; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=QgDVLymEW0YC&pg=PA642&dq=ivresse+code+p%C3%A9nal&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=BW3vR-uyLpfCiwHT8a2uDw#PPR3,M1 et à http://books.google.com/books?id=QgDVLymEW0YC&dq=ivresse+code+p%C3%A9nal&lr=&as_brr=1&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (vérifiés le 30 mars 2008);
 

MICHEL, Bernard, "Le problème de la responsabilité pénale dans les différentes formes de l'ivresse éthylique",  (1957) 4(6) La revue de l'alcoolisme 181-186; numéro d'avril et juin 1957;


MORIN, Achille, (1872) 44Journal de droit criminel ou jurisprudence criminelle de la France  97-111; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=kW4YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA99&dq=n%C3%A9gligence+allemand+%22code+criminel%22+date:1700-1890&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=eTo8Sd7ILofoM4XgtaII#PPA97,M1  (vérifié le 7 décembre 2008);
 

MOSES BUZET SARVONAT, Carole, Alcoolisme et infractions contre les personnes, Thèse de Doctorat de 3e cycle: sciences criminelle, Poitiers, 1983, 392 feuilles; thèse sous la direction de Pierre Couvrat; titre noté dans mes recherches mais non consultée;

MUTEAU, Ch., « L’ivrognerie.  L’ivresse doit-elle être punie? », (1871) 31 Revue pratique de droit français 305-324, 409-465 et 513-545; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=EvMZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:0ptNALzh3pw03W#PPA305,M1
(vérifié le 24 février 2009);


RACLE, Victor-Alexandre, 1819-1869, De l'alcoolisme, Paris: J.B. Baillières et Fils,1860, 122 p.; thèse, Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=5D-ovmmiap0C&pg=PA116&dq=ivresse+responsabilit%C3%A9+criminelle&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=4G8oScnADpSWMsDuvLAF#PPP1,M1 (vérifié le 22 novembre 2008);
 

RASSAT, Michèle-Laure, "Trouble psychique ou neuropsychique contrainte", 1998, 22 p., voir "Intoxications" aux pp. 13-14 dans Juris-Classeur Pénal, Paris: Éditions du Juris-Classeur, articles 122-1 et 122-2 du Code pénal;


RIANT, A. (Aimé), 1827-1902,  Les irresponsables devant la justice,   Paris, J.B.B. Baillière et fils, 1888,  xiv, 306 p. 19 cm. ( Bibliothèque scientifique contemporaine), disponible à  http://books.google.com/books?id=zGIOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false (vérifié le 22 août 2009); disponible à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, site Gallica, voir  http://gallica.bnf.fr/  et plus particulièrement à  http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-76793  (visionné le 19 mars 2004);
 

SARRAU DE BOYNET, Aurélien de, Des Excuses légales en droit pénal,  Bordeaux : impr. de A. de Lanefranque, 1875, viii, 531 p.; disponible à http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5679930d.r=.langEN (vérifié le 10 octobre 2009);

TIRAQUEAU, André, 1488-1558, Le «De Poenis Temperandis» de Tiraqueau (1559).  Introduction, traduction et notes par André Laingui et préface de Jean Imbert, Paris : Economica, 1986, vii, 342 p., voir la cause 6 sur l'ivresse aux pp. 63-65 (Collection Histoire), notes: Société d'histoire du droit et publié avec le concours du CRNS, ISBN:  2717810447; copie à l'Université Carleton, Ottawa;
 

VÉTAULT, Dr. Victor, Étude médico-légale sur l'alcoolisme : des conditions de la responsabilité au point de vue pénal chez les alcoolisés, Paris : J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1887, 237 p.;  disponible à  http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?E=0&O=N077006;
 

General / Général

Actes du Congrès pénitentiaire de Saint-Pétersbourg, tome 1, pp. 32, 103,  567, 574, 596; t. 2,  pp. 136, 348 et 390;


AUSTIN, John, 1790-1859, Lectures on Jurisprudence;  or,  The Philosophy of Positive Law, 5th ed. revised and edited by Robert Campbell, 2 volumes, London: John Murray, 1885, see vol. 1, xxiii, 507 p. at Lecture 26, "The Same Subject" at  pp. 494 and 496;
 

BENTHAM, Jeremy, 1748-1832, Theory of legislation / by Jeremy Bantham; translated from the French of Etienne Dumont by R. Hildreth, London : Trübner, 1876, 472 p., see Chapter XI, "Effect of the Delinquent's Character upon Alarm", pp. 258-264; note: translation of Traité de législation civile et pénale; copy at the University of Ottawa, law library, FTX General, K 334 .B4513 1876;
 

CANONICO, Tancredi, 1828-1908, De l'ivresse au point de vue du droit pénal; rapport sur la question proposée au Congres pénitentiaire international de Saint-Petersbourg, [Rome, 1889],  51 p.; texte non consulté; copy at Harvard University;


CHAUVEAU, Adolphe, et Hélie Faustin, Théorie du Code pénal, Tome 1, Bruxelles: Société typographique belge, 1837; sur le droit comparé voir les pp. 214-216; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=OCoPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA214&dq=fran%C3%A7ois+ivresse+autriche+aristote&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=J3PvR8a9KKOQjgG-0sSOBw#PPP7,M1 et à http://books.google.com/books?id=OCoPAAAAQAAJ&dq=fran%C3%A7ois+ivresse+autriche+aristote&lr=&as_brr=1&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (vérifiés le 29 mars 2008);
 

DUFOUR, "Rapprochement des principes de diverses législations, relativement à cette question : "Est-il des cas où l'ivresse puisse être considérée comme un motif d'excuse?", (1822) 1 Thémis ou Bibliothèque du jurisconsulte 91-107; copie à la Bibliothèque de loa Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa; couvre le droit de plusieurs pays comme l'indique son titre;
 

FINGARETTE, Herbert, Heavy Drinking - The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease,  Berkeley : University of California Press, c1988, x, 166 p., ISBN: 0520062906;
 

___________"Response to Lehman's Article 'Alcoholism, Freedom and Moral Responsibility", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 123-126 (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);
 

GUR-ARYE, Miriam, Actio Libera in Causa in Criminal Law, Jerusalem: Harry Sacher Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1984, 110 p.; see PDF Table of Contents;
 

HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1), voir dans l'article de 1934, "Le crime par ivresse", aux pp. 53-75; livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;
 

H., "Art. XI. - Criminal Responsability of Drunkards.  The Cabinet Library of Scarce and Celebrated Tracts.  Law Series.  Vol. II.  Part 2. On the Effect of Drunkenness upon the Criminal Responsability, and the Application of Punishment.  Translated from the German of Professor C.J.A. Mittermaier, Edinburg. 1841", (1841) 26 The Law Magazine; or Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence 392-400;  comments on Mittermaier, infra; available at http://books.google.com/books?id=QNcuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA392&dq=punishment++criminal++
canon&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=04XuR5b3MpewiQG9n8ijDQ#PPA392,M1 and http://books.google.com/books?id=QNcuAAAAIAAJ&dq=punishment++criminal++canon&lr=&as_brr
=1&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (accessed on 29 March 2008);
 

LEHMAN, Warren, "Alcoholism, Freedom, and Moral Responsibility" (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 103-121 (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);
 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, MEMBERS OF THE STAFF, Drunk driving laws in various foreign countries, Washington, D.C. : Law Library, Library of Congress, 1983, 146 p.; title noted in my research but book not consulted yet (2 January 2005);


MARCÉ, Dr L.-V. (Louis-Victor),  Traité pratique des maladies mentales, Paris : J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1862, xvi, 862 p., voir "L'ivresse" aux pp. 640-643; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=QgDVLymEW0YC&pg=PA642&dq=ivresse+code+p%C3%A9nal&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=BW3vR-uyLpfCiwHT8a2uDw#PPR3,M1 et à http://books.google.com/books?id=QgDVLymEW0YC&dq=ivresse+code+p%C3%A9nal&lr=&as_brr=1&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (vérifiés le 30 mars 2008);


McAULEY, Finbarr, "The Intoxication Defence in Criminal Law", (1997) 32 Irish Jurist 243-296; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada; article deals with the law of several States;
 

METMAN, Jules Étienne, Étude sur les législations européennes relatives aux débits de boissons alcooliques, Paris, Imp. de E. Donnaud, 1879, 2 p. l., 130 p. 24 cm.; disponible à
http://books.google.com/books?id=MaMMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=%22code+p%C3%A9nal+prussien%22+date:1700-1890&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=77A7SbLLGo3IMqzrwWA#PPP5,M1 (vérifié le 7 décembre 2008);.

MITCHELL, Chester N., "The Intoxicated Offender - Refuting the Legal and Medical Myths", (1988) 11 International  Journal of Law and Psyschiatry 77-103;
 

___________"Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility",  (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 1-7 (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);
 

___________"Law and the Unconscious", in David N. Weisstub, ed., Law and Mental Health: International Perspectives, vol. 5, New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 1-39, ISSN: 08905037;
  

MITTERMAIER, C.J.A. (Carl Joseph Anton), 1787-1867, PDF "On the Effect of Drunkenness upon Criminal Responsibility and the Application of Punishment", (1840) The American Jurist and Law Magazine 290-332; also published in Edinburgh: Thomas Clark, 1841, 40 p.; also available at http://books.google.com/books?id=vacsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA298&dq=jousse+criminelle&as_brr=1&ei=ZQUtR8-WN474pwL307TtCQ#PPA290,M1 (accessed on 3 November 2007); excellent paper; covers comparative law; see comments by H., supra, this "General" section;
 

O'CONNOR, Vivienne and Colette Rausch, eds., with Hans Joerg Albrecht and Goran Klemencic, Model codes for post-conflict criminal justice, Washington, D.C. : United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007-,  and see "Intoxication" at pp. 83-84, ISBN: 9781601270115 (pbk.: alk. paper); 1601270119 (pbk. : alk. paper); 9781601270122 (hardcover : alk. paper);  1601270127 (hardcover : alk. paper); available at http://books.google.com/books?id=FL3nJkyxDBkC&pg=PR23&dq=%22comparative++criminal+law%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=XSDxSPaCIoO6yAT4-aziAw&sig=ACfU3U0jIcI2f4BPr_OTvi5RqgnWG9DcMg#PPA78,M1 (accessed on 11 October 2008);
 

PEELE, Stanton, "Does Addiction Excuse Thieves and Killers from Criminal Responsibility?", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 95-101 (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);


PUJOS, Maurice, 1839-,"De la répression de l'ivresse", (1865) 19 Revue pratique de droit français  97-123; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=WmkTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA114&dq=charles-quint+%22la+caroline%22+date:1500-1890&lr=lang_fr&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES#PPA97,M1  (vérifié le 17 décembre 2008); contribution historique importante;
 

La répression de livresse, La liberté, Journal quotidien politique et religieux, mardi, 21 septembre  1886; disponible à http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url=1000,25,1,18860921_219_04.pdf  (vérifié le 16 décembre 2008); note Journal suisse de Fribourg;

ROMMENEY,  "Les troubles de la conscience sous l'influence de  l'alcool" in La responsabilité pénale, Travaux du Colloque de philosophie pénale (12 au 21  janvier 1959), sous la direction de J. Léauté, Paris: Dalloz, 1961, (Annales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques et économiques de Strasbourg VIII; Travaux de l'Institut de Sciences criminelles et pénitentiaires), pp. 205-215;
 

SAWICKI, Jerzy, "Les problèmes concernant la responsabilité pénale posés par l'alcoolisme", (1960) 15 Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 205-218;
 

SCHREIBER, Hans-Ludwig, "Definitions of Criminal Responsibility and of Psychological and Pathological Factors Which May Mitigate or Exclude Such Responsibility" in Council of Europe, Legal Affairs, ed., Studies on Criminal Responsibility and Psychiatric Treatment of Mentally Ill Offenders, Strasbourg (France): Council of Europe, Publications Section, 103 p., at pp. 27-47, see "Intoxication" at pp. 41-42, (series; Council of Europe, Legal Affairs, Collected Studies in Criminological Research; vol. 24),  ISBN: 9287108994;
 

SHINER, Roger A., "Intoxication and Responsibility", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 9-35;
 

SILVING, Helen, "Intoxicants and Criminal Conduct" in Helen Silving, Essays on Mental Incapacity and Criminal Conduct, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967, xvi, 379 p. at pp. 214-337; Research Note: important contribution; also deals with the doctrine of actio libera in causa;
 

TOLMIE, Julia, “Alcoholism and Criminal Liability”, (2001) 64(5) The Modern Law Review 688-709;


TOURDES, G., "Alcoolisme (médecine légale)" dans Raige-Delorme et A. Dechambre, sous la direction de, Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales, Paris: P. Asselin et Victor Masson, 1865, aux pp. 701-719 et sur le droit comparé, voir les pp. 713-715; disponible à  http://books.google.com/books?id=lj0SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA714&dq=%22Constitution+criminelle+de%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=1RmQSOa0LKbSigGv45n2CQ#PRA3-PA713,M1  et 
http://books.google.com/books?id=lj0SAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Constitution+criminelle+de%22&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (vérifiés le 30 juillet 2008)
 

Van der MADE, Raoul, L'Influence de l'ivresse sur la culpabilité : 16ème et 17ème siècles, Groningen:  J.B. Wolters' Uitgeversmaatschappij et Bruxelles:  E. Bruylant, et  La Haye: M. Nijhoff, 1952, 25 p. catalogue CUJAS; aussi avec le même titre dans (1952) 20 Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis/Legal History Review / Legal History Review 64-88; contribution importante;
 
 

Germany / Allemagne

ARZT, Gunther, "An Introduction to the 1975 German Criminal Code" in he Criminal Justice System of the Federal Republic of  Germany : Proceeding of the Conference Sponsored by : the American National Section (U.S.A.) AIDP, the Goethe  Institute of Chicago, De Paul University, College of Law  Held in Chicago, April 12, 1980, Toulouse :Édition Érès (Association internationale de droit pénal), 1981, 134 p. at pp. 15-28, see p. 23 (series; Nouvelles études pénales 2), ISBN:  2865860043;
 

BUGG, Stuart, "Intoxication and Liability: A Criminal Law Cocktail", (1984-87) 5 Auckland University Law Review 144-163;
 

DALY, Francis, "Intoxication and Crime: A Comparative Approach",  (1978) 27 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 378-412;
 

FISCHER, Benedikt and Jürgen Rehm, "Alcohol consumption and the liability of offenders in the German criminal system", (1996) 23 Contemporary Drug Problems 707-729; discusses the Canadian case of   R. v. Daviault, [1994] 3 Supreme Court Reports 63-132


___________"Intoxication, the Law and Criminal Responsibility -- A Sparkling Cocktail at Times: The Case Studies of Canada and Germany", (1998) 4 European Addiction Research  89-101;
  

FLETCHER, George P., , Rethinking Criminal Law, Boston: Little, Brown, 1978, xxviii, 898 p., see pp. 847-848;
 

FOLEY, Brian, "Same Problem, Same Solution?  The Treatment of the Voluntarily Intoxicated Offender in England and Germany", [2001] Trinity College Law Review 119-140; available at  http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/literature/intoxi.html (accessed on 6 December 2002);
 

GAGNIEUR, Francine-Anna, Du Délit commis en état d'ivresse, étude comparée en droit allemand et en droit français, Paris, impr. de L. Blanquet, 1943, 184 p ; Université de Paris, Faculté de droit. Ed., thèse pour le doctorat; aucune copie dans les bibliothèques canadiennes comprises dans le catalogue AMICUS de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (vérification du 13 juillet 2005);
 

H., "Criminal Responsibility of Drunkards.  The Cabinet Library of Scarce and Celebrated Tracts.  Law Series.  Vol. II.  Part II.  On the Effects of Drunkenness upon Criminal Responsibility, and the  Application of Punishment .  Translated from the German  of Professor  C.J.A. Mittermaier",  (1841) 26 The Law Magazine; or Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence 392-400; available at http://books.google.com/books?id=QNcuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA396&dq=%22criminal+code+of%22&as_brr=1#PPA392,M1 (accessed on 20 November 2007);

HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

    "L'ancien droit germanique établit dans son système composé une obligation sans condition d'indemniser, sans question de faute, et n'eut aucun égard au côté subjective du crime, ni pour l'ivresse ni pour les autres infractions.

    Cependant l'ivresse elle-même n'était pas punie. ....

    CHARLES QUINT punissauit, comme Pittacus de Mitylène, un crime commis en ivresse, du châtiment ordinaire et ensuite l'ivresse qui en avait été la cause.

    Cet exemple fut suivi par la loi de Hanovre (1706) et de la Bavière (1750)." (1934, p. 54)
 

HERMANN, Joachim, "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: The Multifaceted Approach of German Law", [1986] Brigham Young UniversityLaw Review 747-767; available at http://lawreview.byu.edu/archives/1986/3/her.pdf (accessed on 24 March 2008); also published in A. Eser et al., eds., Justification and Excuse: Comparative Perspectives, vol. 1, Dobbs Ferry (New York), Transnational Juris Publications, 1987, at p. 745, ISBN: 0929179226;; the author discusses Robinson's article, "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Doctrine", infra, United States of America section;
 

KRÖBER, Hans-Ludwig, "Psychiatric Criteria of Legal Responsibility after the Consumption of Alcohol: The German Situation", (1998) 4 European Addiction Research 107-112; copy at ICIST, Institut canadien de l'information scientifique et technique/CISTI, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information;

MANNHEIM, Hermann, 1889-, Group problems in crime and punishment, and other studies in criminology and criminal law, London, Routledge and Paul [1955], x, 309 p.( International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge & Kegan Paul)), and see pp. 292-296; limited preview available at http://books.google.com/books?id=Yh7pzooWO9EC&pg=PA292&dq=%22actio+libera%22&lr=lang_en&as_brr=0&sig=2QsQLPcQMnz4pbHq5OGSf_KQZD8#PPA292,M1  and http://books.google.com/books?id=Yh7pzooWO9EC&dq=%22actio+libera%22&lr=lang_en&as_brr=0&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 (accessed on 1 April 2008);
 

MITTERMAIER, C.J.A., "On the Effect of Drunkenness upon Criminal Responsibility and the Application of Punishment", (1840) 23 The American Jurist and Law Magazine  290-332, available at http://books.google.com/books?id=vacsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA304&dq=intoxication+%22criminal+code+of%22&as_brr=1#PPA290,M1 (accessed on 20 November 2007); also published in Edinburgh: Thomas Clark, 1841, 40 p.; excellent paper written by the great comparative criminal law professor of the XIXth century; covers comparative law; see comments by H., supra, "General" section;


___________see also H., "Criminal Responsibility of Drunkards...", supra;
 

Les nouveaux codes pénaux de langue allemande: Autriche (1974), République démocratique allemande (1968) et République fédérale d'Allemagne (1975), Paris: La  Documentation française avec le concours du Centre français de droit comparé, 1981, 565 p., voir le Code de la République fédérale d'Allemagne aux pp. 317-564,  et plus particulièrement l'article 20, "Irresponsabilité en raison de troubles psychologiques" à la p. 333, l'article 21, "Responsabilité atténuée" à la p. 333, et  l'article 323a "Ivresse totale" à la p. 539,  ISBN: 2110006579 (Collection des codes pénaux européens du Comité de législation étrangère et de droit international du Ministère de la Justice, sous la direction de Marc Ancel avec la collaboration de Yvonne Marx; tome 5);
 

The Penal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany (http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/Germind.htm from the Buffalo Criminal Law Center)Translated  by Joseph J. Darby With an Introduction by Hans-Heinrich Jescheck, Littleton (Colorado):  F.B. Rothman and London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1987, xxvi, 257 p., see section 20, "Lack of criminal capacity because of mental disorder", at p. 55, section 21, "Diminished capacity" at p. 56 and section 323a. "Intoxication" at p. 231 (series; The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes; vol. 28), ISBN: 0837700485;
 

SILVING, Helen, "Intoxicants and Criminal Conduct" in Helen Silving, Essays on Mental Incapacity and Criminal Conduct, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967, xvi, 379 pp., at pp. 214-337, and more particularly, see "Section 330a of the German Penal Code" at pp. pp. 278-286, "Draft of New Penal Code of Germany of 1962" at pp. 286-289, and "Evaluation of Our Study of Section 330a and the Draft Version" at pp. 289-293;
 

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs, 1984, infra, see "The German Jurists [from the 16th to 18th century]" at pp. 6-11;
 

___________Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, infra, see "The German Jurists [from the 16th to 18th century]" at pp. 6-9  and  "German Law" at pp. 78-80 (deals with the pre-1975 Code);
 

TLUSTY, Beverly Ann, "Defining 'drunk' in early modern Germany", (1994) 21 Contemporary Drug Problems 427-451;


VETAUX,  Victor,  Des conditions de la responsabilité au point de vue pénal chez les alcolisés, thèse, 1887,  232 p.; copie à McGill University, Osler library;  titre noté dans mes recherches mais thèse non consultée;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de l'Allemagne, les pp. 1272-1279; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 
 

Greece (Ancient) / Grèce antique

ARISTOTE, 384-322 av. J.-C., Éthique de Nicomaque, Traduction, préface et notes par Jean Voilquin, Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1965, 310, [3] p.; voir le Livre III [«Suite de la Vertu; le Courage et la Tempérance»], chapitre V, p. 75;
 

ARISTOTLE, 384-322 B.C.,  The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics,  Translated by J.A.K. Thomson, Revised with notes and Appendices by Hugh Tredennick, Introduction and Bibliography by Jonathan Barnes,  Harmondsworth (England): Penguin Books, rev. ed. 1976 (1978 reprint), 383 p.; see:  "[Book III - Moral Responsibility - Two Virtues", part v, p. 123 (1113b);
 

DORJAHN, Alfred P., "Extenuating Circumstances in Athenian Courts", (1930) 25 Classical philology 162-172, see "Intoxication" at pp. 165-166; copy at the University of Ottawa, PA 1 .C5  Location: MRT Periodicals;

 
"Pittacus, one of the seven 'wise men,' established a law to the effect that the penalty should be heavier, if an offense was committed under the influence of wine.2  According to such a law, intoxication would be an aggravating rather than an extenuating circumstance. ..." (p. 165)
----
"2 Diog. Laert. i. 4. 76; Aristotle Pol. ii. 12. 1274b 19ff.; Eth.N. iii 7. 1113b 30ff." (p. 165)


HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

    "La question comment on doit juger les malfaiteurs ivres a une longue histoire très intéressante, qui éclaire en même temps les degrés de la civilisation aux époques, et chez les peuples différents.

    Les anciens législateurs greques (Dracon, Solon, Lycurge et Pittacus) ont tous établi des dispositions législatives envers l'ivresse.

    Au temps de Solon, le moindre soupçon d'intempérance empêchait une personne d'obtenir la position d'archonte à l'Aréopage, et un magistrat trouvé ivre dans un lieu publique fut condamné à mort. (Plutarque: Vie de Solon.)

    Aux grands banquets publiques, les athéniens avaient des inspecteurs spéciaux, appelés ophthalmos, dont il était le devoir d'empêcher les convives d'aigir indécemment.

    A Sparte, pendant certaines fêtes publiques, quelques esclaves furent soûlés afin de montrer aux jeunes lacédémoniens l'infamie de l'ivresse et pour faire tous les citoyens se respecter eux-mêmes.

    Pittacus, roi de Corinthe, faisait punir doublement les violations des lois commises en ivresse, l'ivresse et la violation punis tous les deux." (1934, p. 55)
 


Greece (modern) / Grèce (contemporaine)

Greek Penal Code, translated by Nicholas B. Lolis,  introduction by Giorgios Mangakis, South Hackensack, N.J. : Rothman, 1973, xii, 206     p. (series; The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes; 18),  ISBN: 0837700388; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K 5001 A63 no. 18; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General,  KKE 3794.31950 .A5213 1973;

"Article 34
Disturbance of Mental Activity or Conscience

An act shall not be imputable to its perpetrator if, at the time of commission, by reason of a morbid disturbance of his mental activity or of his conscience, he was unable to understand the unjustified character of his act or to act in accordance with such understanding.
 
 

Article 35
Voluntary Disturbance of Mental Activity

1. If in order to commit an offense, conceived of by a person with a normal conscience, that person alters his mental conditions, causing a disturbance of his concience, the offense shall be imputable to him as if it had been committed intentionally.

2.If the offense committed under these circumstances is other than the offense decided upon, the offender shall be punished by a lesser punishment (Article 83).

3. If an offense which the perpetrator foresaw or would have foreseen is committed after he alters his mental condition, causing a disturbance of his conscience, the offense shall be imputable to him as if it had been committed negligently."
 

Article 36
Diminished Responsibility as to Imputability

1. If, due to mental conditions described in Article 34, a person's capacity for imputability has been substantially reduced, but not entirely removed, a lesser punishment shall be imposed (Article 83).

2.  The provisions of the preceding paragraphg shall not be applicable to voluntary intoxication." (pp. 47-48)

.........

Article 193
Offenses While Under Volontary Intoxication

1.  Except for cases under Article 35, one who intentionally or negligently places himself in a state of intoxication so as to remove imputability under Article 34 and in such a condition commits an offense which otherwise might be imputed to him as a felony or misdemeanor shall be punished by imprisonement for not more than six months if the offense is a misdemeanor and by imprisonment for not more than two years if the offense is a felony.

2.  Criminal prosecution shall commence upon complaint only if the offense is one prosecuted on complaint only." (p. 112)


VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Grèce, la p. 1348 (renseignements fournis par Georges Bensir); copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

Hebrew Law / Droit hébraïque

COHN, Haim H., "Penal Law" in Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem, Encyclopaedia Judaica; [New York] Macmillan [c1971-72, v. 1, c1972], 16 vol., at vol. 13, pp. 222-228, and see "Intoxication", at p. 226 (1 paragraph); note: the article is signed "H.H.C."; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Reference: DS 102.8 .E496 1972;
 

LIBSON, G., "De la responsabilité pénale de l'ivrogne en droit hébraïque", rapport particulier présenté au Congrès de Barcelone, cité mais non inclus  dans La peine, Quatrième partie = Punishment - Fourth Part, Bruxelles: De Boeck, 1991, 514 p. à la p. 511, (Collection; Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin; vol. 58), (series; Transactions of the Jean Bodin Society for Comparative Institutional History; vol. 58), ISBN: 2804115240; texte non consulté;
 

Hungary / Hongrie

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Hongrie, les pp. 1287-1288; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

India / Indes
 

HUDA, Syed Shamsul, 1862-1922, The principles of the law of crimes in British India, Calcutta ; Winnipeg : Butterworth, 1919, xv, 455 p. (Tagore Law Lectures - 1902); 
  PDF
- Table of Contents, Index and Index of Cases Cited;
- i-xv and 1-215;
- 216-455;

INDIA, Indian Law Commissioners,  A Penal Code prepared by the Indian Law Commissioners, and  published by Command of the Governor General of India in Council -- Reprinted from the Calcutta Edition,  London: Pelham Richardson, 1838, viii, 138 p., reprint in  Birmingham (Ala.):  Legal Classics Library, c1987; and in Union (New Jersey): The Lawbook Exchange Ltd., 2002, ISBN: 158477018X; the Indian Law Commissioners were: Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1800-1859, J.M. MacLeod, G.W. Anderson and F. Millett;

"68.  Nothing is an offence which a person does in consequence of being, at the time of doing it, in a state of intoxication, provided that either the substance which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge, or against his will, or that he was ignorant that it possessed any intoxicating quality." (p. 8)


Indian Penal Code 1860, see sections 85 and 86;

"85. ACT OF A PERSON INCAPABLE OF JUDGMENT BY REASON OF INTOXICATION CAUSED AGAINST HIS WILL.  Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, is, by reason of intoxication, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong, or contrary to law provided that the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will."
 

"86. OFFENCE REQUIRING A PARTICULAR INTENT OR KNOWLEDGE COMMITTED BY ONE WHO IS INTOXICATED.  In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he would have had if he had not been intoxicated, unless the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will."
 

International
 

AMBOS, Kai, "General Principles of Criminal Law in the Rome Statute", (1999) 10(1) Criminal Law Forum 1-32, and see pp. 25-26 on intoxication; available at http://lehrstuhl.jura.uni-goettingen.de/kambos/Person/doc/General_Principles.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2008);
 

__________"Other Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility", in Antonio Cassese, Paola Gaeta and John R.W.D. Jones, eds., The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, volume I, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, cxl, 1048 p., Chapter 24.4, at pp. 1003-1048, see on intoxication, pp. 1019-1021 and 1029-1031, ISBN: 0199243123 (vol. 1) and 0198298625 (set of 3 volumes); copy at Ottawa University, FTX General: KZ 6310 .R64 2002
v. 1;

 

ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT PÉNAL  (AIDP) (International Association of Penal Law), "Projet de Code pénal international", (1981) 52(1-2) Revue internationale de droit pénal;

Paragraphe 10. Intoxication ou état de drogue

10.1. Est intoxiqué ou en état de drogue quiconque qui, étant sous l'effet de l'alcool ou de la drogue au moment du comportement constitutif de crime, est incapable de réaliserl'élément moral requis par ledit crime.

10.2. Cette exception ne sera pas applicable vis-à-vis d'une personne qui s'intoxique volontairement avec l'intention préexistante de commettre un crime.

10.3. En ce qui concerne les crimes exigeant l'élément moral de négligence consciente, l'intoxication volontaire ne constituera pas une exception." (source: http://www.penal.org/pdf/livr-annexe-11.pdf et voir aussi http://www.penal.org/new/activites.php?Doc_zone=ACTIVITE&langage=fr&ID_doc=30; sites vérifiés le 13 novembre 2007)


ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT PÉNAL  (AIDP) (International Association of Penal Law) and Istituto Superiore Internazionale di Scienze Criminali (ISISC) (International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences) and Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (MPI), Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court -- Alternative to the ILC-Draft -- (Siracusa-Draft), prepared by a Committee of Experts Siracusa/Freiburg, July 1995, 88 p.; available at  http://www.iuscrim.mpg.de/forsch/straf/referate/sach/hispint/siracusa.pdf (accessed on 10 December 2005);

"Art. 33 c
Age of Responsibility and Mental Capacity
...
4. A mental disorder resulting from/caused by intoxication may exclude criminal responsibility only if not procured voluntarily." (p. 51)

BANTEKAS, Ilias, "Defences in International Criminal Law", in Dominic McGoldrick, Peter Rowe, and Eric Donnelly, eds., The Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal and Policy Issues, Oxford (England)/Portland (Oregon): Hart Publishing, xviii, 498 p., at pp. 263-284, and see "Intoxication", at pp. 280-281, (series; Studies in International Law; volume 5), ISBN: 1841132810; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KZ 6310 P47 2004;
 

ESER, Albin, "Article 31: Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility" in Otto Triffterer, ed., Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers' Notes, Article by Article, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, xxviii, 1295 p. at pp. 537-554, see "Intoxication" at pp. 546-548, ISBN: 378906173; copy at the Department of External Affairs, Ottawa, call number: legal KZ 6310 .C734 1999; available at http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/3922/pdf/Eser_Grounds_for_excluding_criminal_responsibility.pdf (accessed on 7 March 2008);


GILBERT, Jérémie, "Justice not Revenge: The International  Criminal Court and the 'Grounds to Exclude Criminal Responsibility' -- Defences or Negation  of Criminality?", (June 2006) 10(2) The International Journal of Human Rights 143-160, and on intoxication, see on intoxication, pp. 146-147;
 

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,17 July 1998, in force 1 July 2002, see Part III, General Principles of Criminal Law, available at  http://www.un.org/law/icc/ (accessed on 4 December 2002);
 

___________"Draft Report of the International Meeting from 19 to 30 January 1998 in Zutphen, the Netherlands" in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 221-311, (document number: A/AC.249/1998/L.13, 1998), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
 

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 1, (Proceedings of the Preparatory Committee during March-April and August 1996)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 385-439, (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/(accessed on 15 December 2002);
 

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 2, (Compilation of Proposals)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 441-616 (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at  http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
 

SALAND, Per, "International Criminal Law Principles" in Roy S. Lee, ed., The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute: Issues, Negotiations, Results, The Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999, xxxv, 657 p., at pp. 189-216, ISBN: 904111212X (hardcover) and 904111243X (pbk.); see "XII. Article 31, Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility" at pp. 206-210; copy athe Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa;
 

SCALIOTTI, Massimo, Defences before the International Criminal Court: Substantive grounds for excluding criminal responsibility – Part 2", (2002) 2(1) International Criminal Law Review 1-46, on "intoxication", see pp. 28-38;
 

SCHABAS, William A., "General Principles of Criminal Law in the International Criminal Court Statute (Part III)" (1998) 6(4) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice 400-428, on intoxication, see pp. 423-424; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
 

SLIEDREGT, Elies van, The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003, xxiv, 437 p., see "Intoxication", at pp. 248-254, ISBN: 9067041661; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General, K5064 .S53 2003;
 

__________"Defences in International Criminal Law", 44 p., see "Intoxication", at pp. 8-9, available at  http://www.isrcl.org/Papers/Sliedregt.pdf (accessed on 11 August 2004); important contribution; "Paper to be presented at the conference Convergence of Criminal Justice Systems: Building Bridges Bridging the Gap, The International Society For the Reform of Criminal Law.  17th International Conference, 25 August 2003 -- not for quotation."; available at "This paper is based on the PhD research recently published at T.M.C. Asser Press: E. van Sliedregt, The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law, The Hague, 2003"; research note: this book has been ordered by Ottawa University, Law Faculty, on 20 April 2004 (11 August 2004);

 
VAN DER VYVER, Johan D., "The International Criminal Court and the Concept of Mens Rea in International Criminal Law", (2004) 12 University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review 57-149, and see "Intoxication", at pp. 128-131;


WERLE, Gerhard, in cooperation with Florian Jessberger, Wulf Burchards, Volker Nerlich and Belinda Cooper, Principles of International Criminal Law, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, c2005, xii, 485 p., and see "Intoxication",  pp. 160-163, ISBN: 9067041963 and 9067042021 (pbk.); copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K5000 .W47 2005;
 


Ireland / Irlande

DILLON, Michael, "Intoxicated Automatism is no Defence: Majewski is Law in Ireland", (2004) 14(3) Irish Criminal Law Journal 7-15; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;


THE LAW REFORM COMMISION, Consultation Paper on Intoxication as a Defence to a Criminal Offence, Dublin : The Law Reform Commission, 1995, viii,127p.; important contribution; comparative law; available at http://www.lawreform.ie/publications/consultpapers.htm (accessed on 29 October 2002);
 

___________Report on Intoxication, Dublin: The Law Reform Commission, 1995, 19 p. (series; LRC; 51-1995); copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library; available at  http://www.lawreform.ie/publications/reports.htm (accessed on 29 October 2002);


SPENCER, Keith, "The intoxication 'defence' in Ireland", (2005) 15(1) Irish Criminal Law Journal 2-7; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;
 

Israel

Penal Law of Israel (626/1996) -Unofficial English Translation--"Penal Law--Draft Proposal and New Code," 30 Israel Law Review 5-27 (1996)

34I. (a) A person shall bear no criminal liability for an act done by him in a state of intoxication not caused by him voluntarily or consciously.

(b) Where a person does any act in a state of intoxication caused by him voluntarily and consciously he shall be regarded as doing the act with mens rea if the offence is one of conduct or with indifference if the offence is conditional also upon consequences.

(c) Where a person causes the state of intoxication in order to commit an offence while in that state, he shall be regarded as committing the offence with mens rea, if it is an offence of conduct or with intention if it is conditional also upon consequences.

(d) In this section, "state of intoxication" is a state in which a person is under the influence of an alcoholic substance, a dangerous drug or another intoxicating substance and is, as a result, at the time of the act, unable to actually understand what he is doing or the wrongness of the act or to refrain from doing the act.

(e) Subsections (a), (b) and (c) shall apply also to a person who is not unable as specified in subsection (d) but who, in consequence of partial intoxication, is not, at the time of the act, aware of some ingredient of the offence.

Italy / Italie

CALISSE, Carlo, 1859-1945, A History of Italian Law, by Carlo Calisse ... Translated by Layton B. Register ... with introductions by Frederick Parker Walton ... and Hessel E. Yntema ..., Boston:  Little, Brown, and company, 1928, lix, 827 p. (series; The Continental legal history series; volume 8); reprint in : South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1969; see "Book II - Criminal Law" at pp. 217-491 ("Part I - Germanic Domination" at pp. 217-348; "Part II - Neo-Roman Period" at pp. 349-448; and "Part III - The Philosophic Period" at pp. 449-491);  see "Love, Intoxication" at pp. 363-364;
 

HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

    "La jurisprudence italienne médiévale, les glossateurs, reconnut les moindres degrés d'enivrement comme la raison de mitiger la peine d'un crime commis pendant cet enivrement, et les hauts degrées éliminaient la présomption d'une culpabilité. (Engelmann: Schuldehre, pages 30 et suivantes)

    Mais l'enivrement était punissable, quand il portait à commettre des actes punissables et quelque fois on enseignait que l'enivrement devait être puni et non pas le délit commis pendant cet état.

    'Ebrius punitur non propter delictum, sed propter wbrietatem', dit FARINACIUS." (1934, p. 54)


SILVING, Helen, "Intoxicants and Criminal Conduct" in Helen Silving, Essays on Mental Incapacity and Criminal Conduct, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967, xvi, 379 pp., at pp. 214-337, and more particularly, see the "Italian Draft" at pp. 293-298 and "Evaluation of the Doctrine of the Italian Draft" at pp. 298-299;
 

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs, 1984, infra, see "The Italian Jurists of the Sixteenth
Century" at pp. 6-7;
 

___________Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, infra, see "The Italian Jurists of the Sixteenth Century" at
pp. 5-6 and "Italian Law" at pp. 83-84;
 

STALLYBRASS, W.T.S., "A comparison of the general principles of criminal law in England with the 'progretto definitivo di un nuovo codice penale' of Alfredo Rocco", (1932) 14 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 45-61 and (1933) 15 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 232-241; also with the same title in L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner, eds., The Modern Approach to Criminal Law, London: University of Cambridge, 1945, x, 511 at pp. 390-466, and see "By ereason of drunkenness" at pp. 422-425 (series; English Studies in Criminal Science, Department of Criminal Science, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge; volume iv);
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de l'Italie, les pp. 1352-1353; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 
 

Japan

KIM, Chin, 1926-, "Asian Criminal Law: A Comparison with Proposed Federal Criminal Code", (1973) South Texas Law Journal; also published in Chin Kim, Selected Writings on Asian Law, Littleton (Colorado), 1982, xiii, 573 p., at pp. 453-478, and see "Intoxication (Section 502)" at pp. 465-467, ISBN: 0837707412; note: deals with the Japanese draft (law reform); copy of the book at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KNC 79 K56 1982;
 

LATIN-AMERICAN COUNTRIES

CANALS, Jose M. and Henry Dahl, translated by, " Standard Penal Code for Latin America", (1990) 17 American Journal of Criminal Law 263; available at  http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/Latspc.htm; see articles 19 to 22;
 

RAMIREZ, Juan Bustos and  Manuel Valenzuela Bejas, Le système pénal des pays d'Amérique latine (avec référence au Code pénal type latino-américain),
Traduit de l'espagnol par Jacqueline Bernat De Celis, Paris: Éditions A. Pedone, 1983, 159 p., voir les pp. 97-109 sur les articles 19 à 23 sur l'imputabilité, ISBN: 2233001184;

[Code pénal type latino-américain]

    "ARTICLE 19. -- N'est pas imputable celui qui, au moment de l'action ou de l'omission, et pour cause de maladie mentale, d'un développement psychique incomplet ou retardé ou d'une grave perturbation de la conscience, n'aurait pas la capacité de comprendre le caractère illicite du fait ou de se déterminer conformément à cette compréhension.  Le tribunal ordonnera que l'agent soit soumis à une mesure de sûreté curative, sauf le cas d'une grave perturbation de la conscience sans base pathologique, auquel cas aucune mesure ne sera appliquée.
 

    ARTICLE 20. -- Lorsque l'agent, par l'effet des causes auxquelles se réfère l'article 19, ne possédait pas pleinement au moment de l'action ou de l'omission la capacité de comprendre le caractère illicite du fait, ou celle d'agir conformément à cette compréhension, il lui serra appliqué une peine non inférieure à un tiers du minimum ni supérieure à un tiers du maximum prévus par la loi pour le délit correspondant.

    Lorsque l'application d'une peine sera considérée préjudicielle au traitement adéquat de l'agent du fait de l'existence de causes pathologiques, il lui sera appliqué seulement une mesure de sûreté curative.  Dans les autres cas, il pourra lui être applioqué une peine diminuée, une mesure curative ou les deux, dans l'ordre que le juge indiquera.
 

    ARTICLE 21. -- Lorsque l'agent aura provoqué la grave perturbation de la conscience dont il est question à l'article 19, il répondra du fait commis, en raison du dol ou de la faute qui seront les siens par rapport à ce fait au moment où il se sera placé dans ledit état.

    La peine pourra être aggravée jusqu'à atteindre un tiers de l'échelle pénale correspondante lorsque la perturbation de la conscience aura été provoquée par l'agent pour faciliter la réalisation du fait ou pour se procurer une excuse.
 

    ARTICLE 22. -- La grave perturbation de la conscience occasionnée par l'absorption de boissons alcooliques sera régie par les dispositions des articles 19 et 20 lorsque l'absorption aura été accidentelle ou fortuite, et par l'article 21 lorsqu'elle aura été intentionnelle ou imprudente, ou qu'elle aura eu lieu pour faciliter la réalisation du fait ou pour se procurer une excuse.

    La peine ne sera pas atténuée pour le motif que l'agent n'aurait possédé que partiellement, au moment de l'action ou de l'omission, la capacité de comprendre le caractère illicite du fait ou de se déterminer conformément à cette compréhension, lorsque la perturbation de la conscience aura été occasionnée par l'absorption intentionnelle ou imprudente de boissons alcooliques ou dans le but de réaliser le fait ou de se procurer une excuse.

    Les dispositions du présent article et des trois précédents seront applicables quand la perturbation grave de la conscience proviendra de l'usage de substances stupéfiantes, hallucinogènes ou autres semblables." (pp. 99-100)


Latvia / Lettonie

Criminal Code, available at http://www.legislationline.org/legislations.php?jid=30&ltid=15 (accessed on 24 September 2007);

Section 48. Aggravating Circumstances
(1) The following may be considered to be aggravating circumstances...

    12) the criminal offence was committed under the influence of alcohol, narcotic, psychotropic or other intoxicating substances; and


Mongolia / Mongolie

Criminal Code of Mongolia (revised) of 01 September 2002, available at  http://www.ecoi.net/detail.php?id=29030&linkid=34048&cache=1&iflang=en&country=MN (accessed on 8 December 2005);

"Article 23. Criminal Liability for the Crimes Committed in the State of Drunkenness or
Narcotic Intoxication

23.1. Persons who have committed crime in the state of drunkenness or narcotic intoxication shall not be released from criminal liability.

23.2. A court may apply compulsory measures of medical character specified in this Code to the persons who have committed crime in the state of drunkenness or narcotic intoxication."
 


Netherlands / Pays-Bas
 

Précis des délibérations et discussions du conseil d'État sur le code criminel, traduit de l'original hollandois, Amsterdam, 1810; disponible à http://books.google.com/books?id=KRxCAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (vérifié le 31 août 2010); discussion très inéressante sur l'ivresse!

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs, 1984, infra, see "The Roman-Dutch Jurists" at pp. 11-20 (School of Louvain at 11-13; 17th century authors at 13-17; 18th century authors at 17-20;
 

___________Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, infra, see "The Roman-Dutch Jurists" at pp. 9-19 (School of Louvain at 9-11; 17th century authors at 11-15; 18th century authors at 16-19 and  "Dutch law" at pp. 82-83;
 

VAN KALMTHOUT, Anton, "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility in Dutch Criminal Law", (1998) 4(3) European Addiction Research 102-106;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Hollande, les pp. 1289-1291; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

New Zealand / Nouvelle-Zélande

BUGG, Stuart, "Intoxication and Liability: A Criminal Law Cocktail", (1984-87) 5 Auckland University Law Review 144-163;
 

CAMERON, Neil, "Defences and the Crimes Bill" in Neil  Cameron and Simon France, eds., Essays on Criminal Law in New Zealand: Towards Reform?, Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Law Review in conjunction with Victoria University Press, 1990,  [iii], 243 p., at 57-82, see "Involuntary intoxication (clause 29)" at pp. 67-68 (series; Victoria University of Wellington Law Review Monograph; number 3), ISBN: 0864732066;
 

CATO, Charles,  "Violent Offending and the Crimes Bill 1989: A Criticism",  [1989] New Zealand Law Journal 246-252, see "Intoxication" at pp. 250-251;
 

CRIMINAL LAW REFORM COMMITTEE, Report on Intoxication as a Defence To a Criminal Charge, Wellington : The Criminal Law Reform Committee, 1984, 55 p. (Chairman: Mr. P.G.S. Penlington);
 

NEW ZEALAND,  Government, Crimes Bill 1989, introduced in May 1989, xxvii, 156 p., see on clause 29, "Intoxication", pp. vii and 17-18;
 

___________Crimes Consultative Committee, Crimes Bill 1989 - Report of the Crimes Consultative Committee: Presented to the Minister of Justice, [Wellington]: [The Crimes Consultative Committee], 1991, 123 p., ISBN: 0477076165, see pp. 19-20 on clause 29, "Intoxication" (Chairman: Mr. Justice Casey);
 

ORCHARD, Gerald F., "Aspects of Intoxication and Self-Defence in Crime - A Note to Viro v The Queen", [1978] New Zealand Law Journal 478-486;
 

___________"Criminal Responsibility and Intoxication -- The Australian Rejection of Majewski", [1980] New Zealand Law Journal 532-539;
 

___________"Drunkenness as a 'Defence' to Crime - Part I and Part II", (1977) 1 Criminal Law Journal 59-70 and 132-143;
 

___________"Drunkenness, Drugs, and Manslaughter", [1970] Criminal Law Review 132-139 and 211-218;
 

___________"The Law Commission Consultation Paper on Intoxication and Criminal Liability -- (2) Surviving without Majewski - A View from Down Under",  [1993] Criminal Law Review 426-431;
 

R v Kamipeli [1975] 2 New Zealand Law Reports 610 (CA);
 

TOLMIE, Julia, “Alcoholism and Criminal Liability”, (2001) 64(5) The Modern Law Review 688-709;
 

WALKER, G. R., "Intoxication at the Crossroads", [1977] New Zealand Law Journal 401-408;
 

WALKER, Gordon, "Volontary Intoxication - The Australian Response to Majewski's Case", (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 13-26;
 

WILLIAMS, David A.R., "Drunkenness and the Criminal Law in New Zealand", (1966-67) 2 New Zealand Universities Law Review 297-325;
 

Nigeria / Nigéria

Shari'ah Penal Code Law, 2000, Zamfara State of Nigeria, available at http://www.zamfaraonline.com/sharia/introduction.html (accessed on 24 April 2006);


VUKOR-QUARSHIE, G.N., "Intoxication and criminal responsibility under the criminal and penal codes of Nigeria", (1986) Jahrbuch für afrikanisches Recht /  Annuaire de droit  africain / Yearbook of African law 159-175; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 17 November 2005);
 

Norway / Norvège

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Norvège, les pp. 1306-1309; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

Poland / Pologne

POLAND, Penal Code, 1997;

"[Translation] Article 31. § 1. Whoever, at the time of the commission of a prohibited act, was incapable of recognising its significance or controlling his conduct because of a mental disease, mental deficiency or other mental disturbance, shall not commit an offence.

§ 2. If at the time of the commission of an offence the ability to recognise the significance of the act or to control one's conduct was diminished to a significant extent, the court may apply an extraordinary mitigation of the penalty.

§ 3. The provisions of § 1 and 2 shall not be applied when the perpetrator has brought himself to a state of insobriety or intoxication, causing the exclusion or reduction of accountability which he has or could have foreseen. (available at  http://www.era.int/domains/corpus-juris/public_pdf/polish_penal_code1.pdf, accessed on 26 September 2003)
 


Portugal

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit du Portugal, la p. 1349; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 
 

Roman Law / Droit romain
 

HARBOE, Nicolai, 1876-, Les conditions subjectives de la culpabilité, Oslo: I. Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad, 1930-34 (series; Skrifter Utgitt Av Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi i Oslo. Historisk-filosofisk klasse; 1930: no.4, 1931: no.1, and 1934: no.1); livre rare au Canada; copie à l'Université Queens, Kingston, Ontario;

    "Le droit romain considérait (après Quintilien) l'ivresse, montré publiquement, un acte reprochable et punissable.

    Si l'ivresse menait à un acte criminel, l'ivresse diminuait ou éliminait la punition de l'acte en question, mais l'ivresse elle-même fut alors punie.

    On lit dans 11 -- 12  D  48 -- 19: 'Delinquatur autem aut proposito, aut impetu, aut casu ...... impetu autem cim per ebrietatem ad manus aut ad ferrum venitur'.  Ainsi 6 -- 7  D 49 -- 16 et 12 pr. D 48 -- 3." (1934, pp. 55-56)

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs, 1984, infra, see "The Roman Law" at pp. 5-6;
 

___________Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, infra, see "The Roman Law" at pp. 4-5;
 

WATSON, A., "Drunkenness in Roman Law" in Sein und Werden im Recht. Festgabe fur Ulrich von Lubtow zum 70.Geburstag am 21. Aug. 1970. Hrsg. von Walter G[ustav] Becker und Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Berlin: Duncker und Humblot [1970],  ix, 862 pp. at p. 381-387; text not consulted; may only deal with civil law;
 

Romania / Roumanie

Penal Code, available at http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/18/e2/c1cc95d23be999896581124f9dd8.htm (accessed on 24 September 2007);

"Inebriety

Art.32 – (1) An act provided in the criminal law shall not be an offence if the perpetrator, was, at the time of perpetration, due to circumstances beyond his/her will, in a state of total inebriety caused by alcohol or other substances.

(2) A state of voluntary total inebriety caused by alcohol or other substances shall not remove the criminality of acts. It can be, according to case, either a mitigating or an aggravating circumstance."


VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Roumanie, les pp. 1348-1349; copie à l'Université de Montréal; 
 

Russian Federation and Former Soviet Union

BURNHAM, William, 1947-, "The New Russian Criminal Code: A Window unto Democratic Russia", (2000) 26(4) Review of Central and East European Law 365-424, and see "Intoxication", at p. 394; copy at Carleton University; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX periodicals HX 530 .R47;
 

ORLAND, Leonard, "Soviet Justice in the Gorbachev Era: The 1988 Draft Fundamental Principles of Criminal Justice", (1989) 4 Connecticut Journal of
International Law 513-576, see "Responsibility and Intoxication" at pp. 530-532;;

"The treatment of intoxication in the Draft is not entirely clear.  Article 12 of the 1958 Principles states the traditional Soviet rule that 'a person who commits a crime while in a state of intoxication shall not be relieved of criminal responsibility.'  The 1988 Draft does not contain a comparable provision and thus creates the impression (surely not intended) that intoxication might relieve an offender of criminal responsibility.  This is an unlikely result since, under the Draft, 'commission of a crime by a person in a state of alcohol intoxication' is an aggravant." (p. 531; notes omitted)


RUSSIAN FEDERATION, Criminal code of the Russian Federation, Transl. by William E. Butler. Introd. by William E. Butler and Maryann E. Gashi-Butler, 3rd ed., London: Simmonds & Hill; The Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer International, 1999, xxvi, 224 p., ISBN: 1898029407 (Simmonds and Hill) and 9041195025 (Kluwer Law International);  note: see also articles 97-104 on "Compulsory Measures of Medical Character";

"Article 23.  Criminal Responsibility of Persons Who Committed Crime in State of Intoxication

    A person who committed a crime in a state of intoxication caused by the use of alcohol, narcotic means, or other stupefying substances shall be subject to criminal responsibility." (p. 10)

Scotland / Écosse

CLOUSTON, T.S., "Responsibility in Drunkenness", (1894) 6 The Juridical Review 147-157; 
 

FERGUSON, Robert B., "Intoxication and Criminal Liability: Caveat potor", (1977) 22 Journal of the Law Society of Scotland  380-382; discusses Brennan v HM Adv, (1977) Scots Law Times 151;


GERTZ, Renate, Fional Leverick and Steila McLean, "Alcoholism and Criminal Liability", (2008) The Juridical Review, Part 3, 171-191;  
 

GRAY, J.W.R., "The Expulsion of Beard from Scotland: Murder North of the Border", [1979]  Criminal Law Review 369-380;
 

___________"A Purely Temporary Disturbance", (1974) 19 The Juridical Review (N.S.) 227-248;
 

LUNNY, Vincent Thomas, 1973-, A Scottish perspective on the defence of intoxication, LL.M. thesis, University of British Columbia, 1997, v, 113 leaves; thesis noted in my research on 9 November 2001 and not consulted yet; see abstract at  http://www.library.ubc.ca/law/abstracts/lunny.html;
 

McLEAN, Angela M. and W. Arthur Harland, "The Brennan Case: Medico-Legal Insanity?", (1978) 23 Journal of the Law Society of Scotland  344-345 and 347; discusses Brennan v HM Adv, (1977) Scots Law Times 151;
 

PATRICK, Hamish, "Diabetic, Drunk and Disordered: The 'Dole Dilemmas'?", (1986) 31 Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 72-77;
 

SUTHERLAND, J.F., "The Jurisprudence of Intoxication", (1890) 10 The Juridical Review 309-323;
 

THOMSON, J.M., "Drunkenness and the Scots Law of Murder", (1978) 94 The Law Quarterly Review 22-25;
 

W.J.B., "Mens Rea and the Intoxicated Offender", (1968)  The Juridical Review (N.S.) 48-53;
 

Serbia / Serbie

SERBIA, Criminal Code, 2005, available at  http://www.legislationline.org/upload/legislations/dc/a9/576c23dc41967e427086bf4c2b45.pdf (accessed on 5 July 2006);

"Self-induced Incompetence
Article 24

(1) The guilt of the perpetrator of a criminal offence who by consumption of alcohol, drugs or otherwise induced such a state of mind where they could not understand the significance of their act or control their actions shall be determined according to the time directly preceding the induced state.

(2) A perpetrator who under the circumstances referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article committed a criminal offence in the state of substantially reduced competence may not receive mitigated punishment on these grounds."

Singapore / Singapour

CHEANG, Molly, "The intoxicated offender under Singapore law", (1986) 35 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 106-127;
 

___________"Voluntary Intoxication and murder in Singapore and Malaysia", (1992) 21(2) Anglo-American Law Review 175-201;
 

Penal Code of Singapore, available at  http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/ (accessed on 9 August 2005);

"Intoxication when a defence.
85. —(1) Except as provided in this section and in section 86, intoxication shall not constitute a defence to any
criminal charge.

(2) Intoxication shall be a defence to any criminal charge if by reason thereof the person charged at the time of the
act or omission complained of did not know that such act or omission was wrong or did not know what he was
doing and —

     (a) the state of intoxication was caused without his consent by the malicious or negligent act of another
     person; or

     (b) the person charged was, by reason of intoxication, insane, temporarily or otherwise, at the time of such
     act or omission.
 

Effect of defence of intoxication when established.
86. —(1) Where the defence under section 85 is established, then in a case falling under section 85 (2) (a) the
accused person shall be acquitted, and in a case falling under section 85 (2) (b), section 84 of this Code and
sections 314 and 315 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall apply.

(2) Intoxication shall be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether the person charged had formed
any intention, specific or otherwise, in the absence of which he would not be guilty of the offence.

Interpretation.
(3) For the purposes of this section and section 85 “intoxication” shall be deemed to include a state produced by
narcotics or drugs."


YEO, Stanley, Note, "Intoxication and Mental Disorder Defences", (2004) 16 Singapore Academy of Law Journal 488-500;
 

South Africa / L'Afrique du Sud
 

BENNETT, T.W., "Alcohol, Drugs and the Criminal Law", (1973) 90 South African Law Journal 69-85;
 

BURCHELL, J.M., "Intoxication and the Criminal Law", (1981) 98 South African Law Journal  177-193;


BURCHELL, Jonathan, "Intoxication after Chretien -- Parliament intervenes", (1988) 2 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 274-280; the libary of Sécurité publique et Protection civile Canada, Bibliothèque et Centre d'information/Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, Library and Information Centre
  may have a copy -- verify (31 March 2006);


__________"Unravelling compulsion draws provocation and intoxication into focus", (2001) 14 South African Journal of Criminal Justice 363-372;
 

The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1 of 1988;
 

DU PLESSIS, J.R., "Chretien: Guest Uninvited, Geographer Extraordinary, Witness First Class", (1982) 99 South African Law Journal 189-203;
 

PAIN, J.H., "Specific Intent" (1974) 91 South African Law Journal  467-490;
 

PAIZES, Andrew. "Intoxication Through the Looking-Glass" (1988), 105 South African Law Journal  776-788;
 

S v Chretien (1981) (1)SA 1097 (A);
 

SKEEN, A. St. Q., "Chretien: A Riposte and Certain Tentative Sugestions for Reform", (1982) 99  South African Law Journal  547-552;
 

___________"Intoxication is No Longer a Complete Defence in Bophuthatswana: Will South Africa Follow Suit?" (1984), 101 South African Law Journal 707-713;
 

SNYMAN, C.R., "The tension between legal theory and policy considerations in the general principles of criminal law", (2003) Acta Juridica 1-22, see "The Defence of Voluntary Intoxication", at pp. 6-9; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada; also published in Jonathan Burchell and Adele Erasmus, eds., Criminal justice in a new society : essays in honour of Solly Leeman, Lansdowne, Juta, [2003?], xii, 359 p., at pp. 1-22, ISBN: 0702163589; available at http://search.sabinet.co.za/images/ejour/ju_jur/ju_jur_2003_a3.pdf  (accessed on 13 April 2008);
 

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs, [Pretoria] : South African Law Commission, January 1984,  vi, 118 p. (series; Working Paper 5 and Project number 49); copy at Ottawa University, Fauteux General Library, KTL 4400 .S687 1984;
 

___________Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, [Pretoria] : The Commission, [1986], vii, 132 p. (series;  project number 49),  ISBN: 0621102075 (pbk.); copy at Ottawa University, FTX General, KTL 4400 .S687 1986;
 

THOM, J.B., "The Effects of Intoxication as a Defence in Criminal Law", (1963) 80 South African Law Journal 356-360;
 
 

Spain / Espagne
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de l'Espagne, les pp. 1350-1351; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 
 

Sweden / Suède

BERGMAN, Bo, "Responsibility for Crime and injury when drunk", (1997) 92(9) Addiction 1183-1188;
 

The Sweedish Penal Code, available at  http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/sweden.pdf (accessed on 27 May 2005);

"GENERAL PROVISIONS

Chapter 1
On Crimes and Sanctions for Crime ...

Section 2
Unless otherwise stated, an act shall be regarded as a crime only if it is committed intentionally.

If the act has been committed during self-induced intoxication or if the perpetrator has in some other way himself brought about the temporary loss of the use of his senses, this shall not cause the act to be considered non-criminal. (Law 1994:458)"


VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal de la Suède, les pp. 1299-1300; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

Switzerland / Suisse
 

Code pénal suisse ( http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c311_0.html), voir l'art.10 (Responsabilité, irresponsables), art.11 (Responsabilité restreinte), art.12 (exception) et  l'art. 263 (Actes commis en état d'irresponsabilté fautive);
 

HURTADO POZO,  "Commentaire d'un arrêt du Tribunal fédéral ATF 85 IV 1",  Séminaire de droit pénal, Pully, 19 juin 1999, 26 p.; disponible à http://www.unifr.ch/sdp/Chaire1/documents/sem_virieux.pdf (visionné le 7 mai 2006);

KILLIAS, Martin en collaboration avec Bernard A. Dénéréaz, Précis de droit pénal général, Berne: Staempfli, 1998, xlv, 300 p., (collection; Précis de droit Staempfli),  ISBN:  3727209895; il existe aussi une 2e édition, Berne, 2001;

"L'irresponsabilité (die Unzurechnungsfähigkeit) et la responsabilité restreinte (die verminderte Zurechnungsfaähigkeit)
[...]
    Le traitement de l'intoxication -- notamment sous la forme d'une consommation excessive d'alcool -- ressemble à ce qui vient d'être constaté pour la psychopathie.  Dans ce cas, on sent dans la jurisprudence une certaine crainte que l'admission trop facile d'une responsabilité restreinte, voire d'une irresponsabilité, conduise à disculper trop de criminels, vu le grand nombre d'infractions commises sous l'influence de l'alcool.  Selon la jurisprudence, le taux d'alcoolémie n'est pas à lui seul déterminant puisqu'il existe d'importantes différences d'une personne à l'autre en ce qui concerne la tolérance et la réaction à une concentration donnée d'alcool.  Ainsi, les seuils constatés ne donnent qu'un point de départ qu'il s'agit de nuancer en fonction de données individuelles.  Si le taux d'alcoolémie dépasse 3%, il y a présomption d'irresponsabilité totale, alors qu'au-dessous de 2%, la responsabilité est présumée entière; entre ces deux seuils se situent les cas où une responsabilité restreinte peut entrer en ligne de compte." (pp. 140-141, notes omises, édition 1998)
 

"L'art 263 CP - une solution originale du droit suisse
[...]
    Contrairement à ces législations, le droit pénal suisse reconnaît 'l'altération de la conscience' (art. 10 CP) ou le 'trouble dans la conscience' (art. 11 CP) comme des éléments excluant ou diminuant la responsabilité pénale.  Malgré la jurisprudence plutôt restrictive, le droit suisse reconnaît donc en principe que l'ivresse peut diminuer, voire exclure la responsabilité pénale, mis à part les cas de l'actio libera in causa.  Cela soulève le problème de la réponse pénale à donner à celui qui a commis une infraction dans un état d'irresponsabilité résultant de l'ivresse.  Alors que la plupart des législations contemporaines appliqueraient dans ce cas de figure les peines prévues pour l'infraction prévues pour l'infraction commise, ceci souvent sans atténuation, le droit suisse connaît à son art. 263 CP une règle originale et bien réfléchie [...] ." (p. 146, note omise, édition 1998)


SCHWENTER, Jean-Marc, L'irresponsabilité fautive selon l'art. 263 du Code pénal suisse, Lausanne: Imprimeries populaires, 1971, 151 p., thèse licence droit Lausanne; texte non consulté;
 

SOUTH AFRICAN LAW COMMISSION, Offences Committed under the influence of Liquor or Drugs: Report, 1986, supra, see "Swiss Law" at pp. 80-81;
 

THÉLIN, Marc-Henri, "L'alcool, facteur de crime et d'antisociabilité", (1961) 15 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 39-46; note de recherche: explique brièvement le droit suisse;
 

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal suisse, les pp. 1318-1324; copie à l'Université de Montréal;
 

Tajikistan/Tadjikistan

 Criminal Code, available at http://www.legislationline.org/legislations.php?jid=50&ltid=15

"Article 26. Criminal Liability of Persons who Committed a Crime in the State of Intoxication

(1) A person who committed a crime in a state of intoxication caused by use of alcohol and drugs shall not be released from criminal liability.

(2) In case of committing a crime by a drunkard or drug addict the Court along with a sentence may impose compulsory measures of medical character provided for by the present Code."

Thailand/Thailande

KIM, Chin, 1926-, "Asian Criminal Law: A Comparison with Proposed Federal Criminal Code", (1973) South Texas Law Journal; also published in Chin Kim, Selected Writings on Asian Law, Littleton (Colorado), 1982, xiii, 573 p., at pp. 453-478, and see "Intoxication (Section 502)" at pp. 465-467, ISBN: 0837707412; copy of the book at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KNC 79 K56 1982;
 

United States of America  / États Unis d'Amérique

ALLEN, Ronald J., "Forward: Montana V. Egelhoff - Reflections on the Limits of Legislative Imagination and Judicial Authority", (1996-97) Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 633-691; discusses Montana v. Egelhoff 518 U.S. 37 (1996);
 

ALMANZOR, M. Christina, "The effect of intoxication as a 'mitigating factor' to murder and manslaughter", (1996-97) 31 New England Law Review 1079-1112;
 

THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE, Model Penal Code and Commentaries (Official Draft and Revised Comments), Part I - General Provisions §§1.01 to 2.13, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1985, liii, 420 p., see § 2.08, "Intoxication"  at pp. 349-366;
 

__________Model Penal Code: Proposed Official Draft, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1962, xxii, 346 p., see § 2.08, "Intoxication" at pp.38-40;
 

___________ Model Penal Code: Tentative Draft No. 9,  Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1959, xvi, 220, [84] p.,  see "Section 2.08.  Intoxication"  at pp. 1-13;
 

ANDEREGG, Scott A., Note, "The Voluntary Intoxication Defense in Iowa", (1987-88) 73 Iowa Law Review 935-959;
 

BARBER, Catherine M., Jurors' responses to different versions of diminished capacity and intoxication defenses, Thesis (Ph. D.)--Temple University, 1993, x, 135 p.; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, volume: 54-02, Section: B, p. 1148; title of thesis noted in my research but not consulted yet;
 

BAUMGARTNER, Kenneth, "The Effect of Drugs on Criminal Responsibility, Specific Intent and Mental Competency", (1970) 8 American Criminal Law Quarterly 118-127;
 

BENTIL, J. Kodwo, "A Jurisprudentially Obscure and Confusing Distinction Made by the Superior Courts Between Crimes of Basic Intent and Those of Specific Intent", (1981) 10 The Anglo-American Law Review 129-158;
 

BENTON, Edward Henry et al., "Special Project: Drugs and Criminal Responsibility", (1980) 33 Vanderbilt Law Review 1145-1218;
 

BOETTCHER, Matthew J., "Voluntary Intoxication: A Defense to Specific Intent Crimes", (1987-88) 65 University of Detroit Law Review 33-71;
 

BOLDT, Richard C., "The Construction of Responsibility in the Criminal Law", (1992) 140 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 2245-2332;
 

BROOKMAN, Howard J.,  Note, "To Drink or Not to Drink: The Supreme Court Delivers a Sobering Blow to the Intoxication Defense by Placing Due Process on the Rocks", (1997-98) 28  Seton Hall Law Review 514-539; available at http://law.shu.edu/journals/lawreview/library/28_2/brookma.pdf (accessed on 18 January 2006);

BURKE, Susan D., Note, "The Defence of Voluntary Intoxication: Now You See It, Now You Don't", (1986) 19 Indiana Law Review 147-158;
 

BUTTLES, Lewis, Note, "Criminal Law -- Defenses -- Involuntary Intoxication Is a Defense in Texas: Torres v. State 585 S.W.2d 746 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979)", (1980-81) 12 St Mary's Law Journal 232-243;
 

CARTER, Derrick Augustus, "Bifurcations of Consciousness: The Elimination of the Self-induced Intoxication Excuse", (1999) 64 Missouri Law Review 383-436;
 

CARTER-YAMAUCHI, Charlotte A., Drugs, alcohol, and the insanity defense : the debate over "settled" insanity, Honolulu, Hawaii : Legislative Reference Bureau, 1998, v, 63 p.; (series; Report ; no. 7);  text not consulted;


Case-law on intoxication from "Penal Law: A Web", available at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/web/caseixtop.htm (accessed on 10 April 2008);

CHANG, Sherman J.K., "Drunkenness and criminal responsibility in the Anglo-American Law", (1932) 5 The China Law Review 155-169; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa area libraries according to my verification of the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (14 July 2005);
 

COHEN, Neil P., Michael G. Johnson, and Tracy B. Henley, "The Prevalence and use of Criminal Defenses: A Preliminary Study", (1992-93) 60 Tennessee Law Review 957-982;
 

DEDDENS, Robert L., "Volitional Fault and the Intoxicated Criminal Offender", (1967) 36 University of Cincinnati Law Review 258-305;
 

E.H.B., Notes to Leading Criminal Cases",  (1854), 16 The Monthly Law Reporter 552-568; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library;
 

ELLIS, Alton Travis, "Montana v. Egelhoff: The Supreme Court gives states the green light to get tough on intoxicated offenders", (1996-97) 6 Widener Journal of Public Law 501-544;
 

ESTRIN, Philip A., "People v. Kelly and the M'Naughton Rule: Should Drug-Induced Mdness Constitute a Complete Criminal Defense?"(1974) 6 University of West Los Angeles Law Review 71-91;
 

FINGARETTE, Herbert, "Addiction and Criminal Responsability", (1974-75) 84 The Yale Law Journal 413-444;
 

___________"Alcoholism: Can Honest Mistake About One's Capacity for Self-Control Be an Excuse?", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 77 (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);
 

___________"How an Alcoholism Defense Works Under the ALI Insanity Test", (1979) 2 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 299-322;
 

FINGARETTE, Herbert and Ann Fingarette Hasse, "Excuse: 5. Intoxication" in Sanford H. Kadish, ed., Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, volume 2 of 4, New York: The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan Inc. and London: Collier Macmillan, 1983 pp. 742-745, ISBN: 002018110 (set of four volumes); as of 2000, there is a second edition in preparation;
 

___________Mental Disabilities and Criminal Responsibilities, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979, xi, 321 p., see Chapter 6, "Alcohol Intoxication: The 'Specific Intent Exception'" at pp. 77-116, ISBN: 0520036301;
 

FITZPATRICK, Ashaki, "Erosion of the Right to Put a Defense: The Disallowance of Use of Volontary Intoxication Evidence in Criminal Defenses", [1998] Detroit College of Law at Michigan State University Law Review 1241-1269;


GASCOYNE, R.W., Annotation, "Modern Status of the Rules as to Voluntary Intoxication as Defense to Criminal Charge", (1966) 8 A.L.R.3d 1236-1268; and ALR3d Supplement, 2005, at pp. 120-183;  
 

GEORGE, B.J., "A Guide to State Criminal Code Revision" in Edward M. Wise and Gerhard O.W. Mueller, eds., Studies in Comparative Criminal Law, Springfield (Illinois): Charles C. Thomas, 1975, x, 328 p., chapter 6 at  pp. 65-88, and see "Intoxication" at pp. 79-81 (series; Publications of the Criminal Law Education and Research Center; vol. 11), ISBN: 0398031681;
 

GOLDING, Jonathan M. and Gregory S. Bradshaw, "Alcohol in the Courtroom: The Intoxication Defense", (2005) 26(1) American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 37-57;
 

HALL, Jerome, "Drunkenness as a Criminal Offense", (1941-42) 32  The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 297-309; also at (1941) 1 Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 751-766;
 

___________"Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", (1944) 57 Harvard Law Review 1045-1084;
 

HAMMOND, Nancy Lynne, The Legal Implications of the Disease Model of Alcoholism, Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota, 1981, 213 p.; title noted in my research (29 December 2001) but not consulted yet; see Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 42-10, Section: B, p. 4193;
 

HASSE, Ann Fingarette, "Drug Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility: Old Dilemmas and a New Proposal", (1975-76) 16 Santa Clara Law Review 249-265;
 

HASSMAN, Philip E., Annotation, "Effect of Voluntary Drug Intoxication upon Criminal Responsibility", (1976) 73 ALR3d 98-182; and ALR3d Supplement, Issue June 2005, at pp. 5-17;


___________Annotation, "When Intoxication Deemed Involuntary so as to Constitute a Defense to Criminal Charge", (1976) 73 ALR (3d) 195-243; and ALR3d Supplement, 2005, at pp. 17-22; ALR = American Law Reports 3d Cases Annotations
 

HUTT, Peter Barton and Richard A. Merrill, "Criminal Responsibility and the Right to Treatment for Intoxication and Alcoholism", (1968-69) 57 Georgetown Law Journal 835-847; deals with drunkenness offences;
 

INGLE, Meghan Paulk, "Law on the Rocks: The Intoxication Defenses Are Being Eighty-Sixed", (2002) 55(2) Vanderbilt Law Review 607-645;
 

JOINT Committee on Continuing Legal Education (U.S.), The problem of intoxication as a defense to crime.  Monrad G. Paulsen, reporter, [Philadelphia, c1961], viii, 77 p., (Series; Joint Committee on Continuing Legal Education (U.S.). Problems in criminal law and its administration, no. 6); (series; Its Problems in criminal law and its administration, no. 6); text not consulted; copy at Université McGill, Bibliothèque de droit Nahum Gelber/McGill University, Nahum Gelber Law Library, HV;5076;J65;1961 law;
 

KACZYNSKI, Stephen J., "'I Did What?' The Defense of Involuntary Intoxication", (1983) 36(4) Army Lawyer 1-14; available at  http://www.jagcnet.army.mil/JAGCNETINTERNET/HOMEPAGES/AC/ARMYLAWYER.NSF/AL?OpenForm&BaseTarget=NotesView (accessed on 11 July 2005);
 

KADISH, Sanford H., "Fifty Years of Criminal Law", (1999) 87 California Law Review 945-982;
 

KEITER, Mitchell, "Just Say No Excuse: The Rise and Fall of the Intoxication Defense", (1996-97) 87 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 482-520;
 

LaFAVE, Wayne R., Substantive Criminal Law, 2nd ed., [St. Paul, Minn.] : Thomson/West Group, 2003, vol. 2, "Intoxication" at pp. 41-62, ISBN: 031410805X; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KV 9219 L382 2003 v. 2;

[Contents]
"§ 9.5 Intoxication
      Analysis
Subsec.
(a) Intoxication Negativing Intention or Knowledge.
(b) Intoxication Negativing Premeditation and Deliberation.
(c) Intoxication and Recklessness or Negligence.
(d) Intoxication and Self-Defense.
(e) Intoxication and Voluntary Manslaughter.
(f) Prohibiting Evidence of Volontary Intoxication.
(g) Involuntary Intoxication as a Defense.
(h) Intoxication and Insanity.
(i) Narcotics Addiction and Chronic Alcoholism.
(j) Procedure for Intoxication Defense." (p. 41)


LAYTON, Chad J., "No More Excuses: Closing the Door on the Voluntary Intoxication Defense", (1996-97) 30 John Marshall Law Review 535-565;
 

LAWSON, John Davison, 1852-1921, "Drunkenness as an Excuse for Crime", (1884) 23 The American Law Register, New Series 217-239; vol. 23 corresponds to vol. 32 in the old series; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library, Ottawa;
 

__________Defences to crime: the adjudged cases in the American and English reports wherein the different defences to  crimes are contained : with notes, San Francisco: S. Whitney, 1885-1886, 5 volumes, see v. 2, Insanity and drunkenness;
 

LUNTER, Gary W., "The Effect of Drug - Induced Intoxication on the Issue of Criminal Responsibility", (1972) 8 Criminal Law Bulletin 731-747;
 

MANDIBERG, Susan F., "Protecting Society and Defendants Too: The Constitutional Dilemma of Mental Abnormality and Intoxication Defenses", (1984-85) 53 Fordham Law Review 221-277;
 

MARLOWE, Douglas B., Jenniofer B. Lambert, Robert G. Thompson, "Voluntary Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", (1999) 17(2) Behavioral Sciences & the Law 195-217;
 

MASSEY, Renelle F., "Intoxication as a Defense Against Criminal Charges in Florida: The Research and the Law", (1989) 16 Criminal Justice and Behaviour: An International Journal 325-344;
 

McCORD, David, "The English and American History of Volontary Intoxication to Negate Mens Rea", (1990) 11 The Journal of Legal History 372-395;
 

McDONOUGH, Molly, "Sobering Up: Michigan Joins Growing List of States to Limit Intoxication Defense", (August 2002) 88 American Bar Association Journal 28 (1 p. only); important contribution to the subject as it lists the other states that have adopted similar legislation;
 

McMANUS, Robert J., Note, "Montana v. Egelhoff: Voluntary Intoxication, Morality, and the Constitution", (1996-97) 46 American University Law Review 1245-1288;
 

MELOY, J. Reid, "Volontary Intoxication and the Insanity Defense", (1992) 20 Journal of Psychiatry and Law 439-457;
 

MENDEZ, Miguel Angel, "A Susyphean Task: The Common Law Approach to Mens Rea", (1994-95) UC Davis Law Review [University of California Davis Law Review] 407-443;
 

MERRILL, Richard A., "Drunkenness and Reform of the Criminal Law", (1968) 54 Virginia Law Review 1135-1164; deals with alcoholism and offences of drunkenness, not the defence as such;
 

MILHIZER, Eugene R., "Voluntary Intoxication as a Criminal Defense Under Military Law", (1990) 127 Military Law Review 131-168; available at  http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Military_Law_Review/pdf-files/27707D%7E1.pdf (accessed on 18 December 2003);

MILLER, Kyndra K., "Criminal Law -- Intoxication as a Defense: The Drunk and Dangerous Model.  Montana v. Egelhoff, 116 S. Ct. 2013 (1996)", (1998) 33 Land & Water Law Review 749-762; 
 

Montana v. Egelhoff  518 U.S. 37 (1996)
 

MURPHY, Arthur A., "Has Pennsylvania Found a Satisfactory Intoxication Defense?", (1976-77) 81 Dickinson Law Review 199-215;
 

___________"The Intoxication Defense: An Introduction to Mr. Smith's Article", (1971) 76 Dickinson Law Review 1-14;
 

MYERS, Wade C. and Monica A. Vondruska, "Murder, Minors, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, and the Involuntary Intoxication Defense", (1998) 26(3) The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 487-496;
 

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON REFORM OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAWS, Final Report of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws - A Proposed New Federal Criminal Code (Title 18, United States Code), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, xxv, 364 p., see see § 502, "Intoxication"  at pp. 38-39; the proposed code is available on the internet at the   http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/codein.htm along with  other "Materials on Federal Criminal Code Reform" at http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/bclc/material.htm(Buffalo Criminal Law Center);
 

NEMERSON, Steven S., "Alcoholism, Intoxication, and the Criminal Law", (1988-89) 10 Cardozo Law Review 393-473;
 

Notes, "Alcohol Abuse and the Law", (1981) 94 Harvard Law Review 1660-1712;
 

Notes, "Constructive Murder - Drunkenness in Relation to Mens Rea", (1920-21) 34 Harvard Law Review 78-81;
 

Notes, "Intoxication as a Criminal Defense", (1955) 55 Columbia Law Review 1210-1221;


OKO, Okechukwu, "Unveiling the Cloak of Deception: Determining When Ignorance or Mistake Should Excuse Criminal Responsibility in Louisiana", (1995-96) 23 Southern University Law Review 213-256, and see "Mistake and Intoxication", at pp. 247-254;   
 

O'NEIL, Timothy P., "Illinois' Latest Version of the Defense of Voluntary  Intoxication: Is it Wise? Is it Constitutional?", (1989-90) 39 DePaul Law Review 15-42;
 

PAULSEN, Monrad G., "Intoxication as a Defense to Crime", (1961) University of Illinois Law Forum 1-24;
 

PFEIFFER, Richard, " Proposed Affirmative Defenses of Forced Perpretration, Entrapment, Intoxication and Insanity ", (1972) 33 Ohio State Journal 397-421, see "Intoxication", at pp. 409-415; note: Student Symposium: The Proposed Ohio Criminal Code--Reform and Regression;
 

PILLSBURY, Samuel H., Herbert Fingarette and Ann Fingarette Hasse, "Excuse: Intoxication", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief,  Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002,  4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 2, at pp. 657-661, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653211 (vol. 2);
 

Recent Cases, "Criminal Law - Pennsylvania's Intoxication Defense to Specific Intent Crimes Explained - Commonwealth v. Graves, -- PA. --, 334A. 2d 661 (1975)", (1975-76) 80 Dickinson Law Review 640-651;


R.E.H., Annotation, "Drunkenness as affecting existence of elements essential to murder in second degree", (1920) 8  A.L.R. 1052-1058;   
 

RINALDI, Fiori, Commentary, "Intoxication - Reduction of murder to manslaughter - Relevant jury directions - Fuller and Slater, Court of Criminal Appeal, Sydney: Glass, J.A., Nagle C.J. at C.L. and O'Brien C.J. of Cr. D.: 12th November 1982 ((1982) 6 A.Crim.R. 424)", (1983) 7 Criminal Law Journal 221-222;
 

ROBINETTE, Jeffrey Scott, Note, "Montana v. Egelhoff: Abandoning a Defendant's Fundamental Right to Present a Defense", (1997) 46 Catholic University Law Review 1349-1385;
 

ROBINSON, David and Green, "Consultants Report on Intoxication Defense: Section 502", June 23, 1969 in Working Papers of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, vol. 1 of 2, Relating to Chapters 1-13 of the Study Draft of a new Federal Criminal Code, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, xxxv, 742, vii, at pp. 223-228;
 

ROBINSON, Paul H., 1948-, and John M., Darley, Justice, Liability, and  Blame: Community Views and the Criminal Law, Boulder (Colorado, USA): Westview Press, 1995, xvii, 299 p., ISBN: 0813324505, (Series: New directions in social psychology); see: Chapter 4, "Doctrines of Culpability: When Is One's Violation of a Legal Rule Blameworthgy?", at pp. 83-125 and, in particular, "Study 10: Voluntary Intoxication" at pp. 105-115 and the "Chapter Summary" at pp. 121-123; see also Chapter 5, "Doctrines of Excuse: When Is One's Rule Violation Blameless?" at pp. 127-155, and,  in particular, "Study 13: Immaturity and Involuntary Intoxication" at pp. 139-147 and the "Chapter Summary" at p. 155;
 

ROBINSON, Paul H., "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Doctrine", (1985) 71 Virginia Law Review 1-63; the article is discussed in HERMANN, Joachim, "Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: The Multifaceted Approach of German Law," supra, Germany;
 

__________"Imputed Criminal Liability", (1984) 93 Yale Law Journal 609-676; see "Causing Oneself To Engage in Criminal Conduct" at pp. 639-642 and "Volontary Intoxication" at pp. 660-663;
 

ROTH, William, "General vs. Specific Intent: A Time for Terminological Understanding in California", (1979-80) 7 Pepperdine Law Review 67-84;
 

SINGER, Richard and Douglas Husak, "Of Innocence and Innocents: The Supreme Court and Mens Rea Since Herbert Packer", (1999) 2  Buffalo Criminal Law Review 859-943; discusses  Montana v. Egelhoff 518 U.S. 37 (1996);
 

SINGH, Ram Ugrah, History of the Defense of Drunkenness in English Criminal Law, Administration of Criminal Justice Thesis, Law School of Harvard            University, 1931-32, 32 leaves;
 

SMITH, Charles W., "Intoxication as a Defense to a Criminal Charge in Pennsylvania", (1971-72) 76 Dickinson Law Review 15-58;
 

___________Note, "Intoxication as a Defense to a Criminal Charge in Pennsylvania -- A Sequence", (1971-72) 76 Dickinson Law Review 324-332;
 

STARRS, James E., "The Disease Concept of Alcoholism and Traditional Criminal Law Theory", (1967) 19 South Carolina Law Review 349-369;
 

SWEITER, Brett G., "Implicit Redefinitions, Evidentiary Proscriptions, and Guilty Minds: Intoxicated Wrongdoers After Montana v. Elgelhoff", (1997) 146 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 269-321; discusses Montana v. Egelhoff 518 U.S. 37 (1996);
 

TAO, L.S., "Alcoholism as a Defense to Crime", (1969-70) 45 Notre Dame Lawyer 68-88;


___________"Drunkenness and Criminal Law", (1966-67) 13 Wayne Law Review 530-548;
 

__________"Psychiatry and the Utility of the Traditional Criminal Law Approach to Drunkenness Offenses", (1969) 57 Georgetown Law Journal  818-834;
 

TIFFANY, Lawrence P. and Mary Tiffany, The Legal Defense of Pathological Intoxication with Related  Issues of Temporary and Self-inflicted Insanity, New York: Quorum Books, 1990, xviii, 542 p.,  ISBN: 0899305482;
 

___________"Nosologic Objections to the Criminal Defense of Pathological Intoxication: What do the Doubters Doubt?", (1990) 13 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 49-75  (Part of the Special Issue: "Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility", vol. 13, numbers 1/2, 1990);
 

TIFFANY, Lawrence P., "The Drunk, the Insane, and the Criminal Courts: Deciding What to Make of Self-Induced Insanity", (1991) 69 Washington University Law Quarterly 221-242;
 

___________"Pathological Intoxication and The Model Penal Code", (1990) 69 Nebraska Law Review 763-790;
 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society: A Report by the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1967, 340 p., see Chapter 9 "Drunkenness Offenses", at pp. 233-237  (Chairman: Nicholas deB. Katzenbach);  notes: Commonly known as the Crime commission report; does not deal with the defence of intoxication but contains useful information for research; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT General: HV 6789 .A33 1967;
 

WEISS,  Kenneth J., " 'Wet' and wild: PCP and criminal responsibility", (April 2005) 29 Melbourne University Law Review 361 to approx. 384; with the same title in (Fall 2004) 32 The Journal of Psychiatry and Law 361-384; I have not consulted the Melbourne University Law Review (19 January 2006);
  

VIDAL, George, "Enquête sur l'alcoolisme", (1896) 20 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 1268-1357 et voir sur le droit pénal des États-Unis, les pp. 1342-1343; copie à l'Université de Montréal;


WALD, Patricia M., "Judicial Activism in the Law of Criminal responsibility.  Alcohol, Drugs and Criminal Responsibility", (1974-75) 63 Georgetown Law Journal 69-86;  
 

WARRAL, John L., "Intoxication as a Defense to Criminal Liability",  in Richard A. Wright and J. Mitchell Miller, eds., Encyclopedia of Criminology,  Scarborough: Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2004, vol. 2, at pp. 825-826; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, HV 61017 E53 2005 REF;
 

WEBSTER, Thomas, "End Justifies the Means?  Montana v. Egelhoff  Intoxicates the Right to Present a Defense", (1997-98) 73 Chicago-Kent Law Review 425-463;
 

WESTERN, Peter, "Engelhoff Again", (1999) 36(4) American Criminal Law Review 1203-1278; copy at the University of Ottawa, KF 9202 .A425  Location: FTX Periodicals;
 

Vietnam

Code pénal de la République socialiste du Vietnam, 1990 disponible à  http://www.maisondudroit.org/CodePenal_versionFr/Mdvf.htm (visionné le 9 avril 2004);

"Article 14. Responsabilité pénale en état d'ivresse provoquée par la prise d'alcool ou d'autres substances stimulantes
L’auteur d’une infraction commise en état d’ivresse provoquée par la prise d’alcool ou de toute autre substance stimulante est pénalement responsable."


Penal Code, available at http://www.worldlii.org/vn/legis/pc66/index.html  (accessed on 24 September 2007);

Article 14.- Committing crimes while in the state of being intoxicated due to the use of alcohol or other strong stimulants

Persons who commit crimes while in the state of being intoxicated due to the use of alcohol or other strong stimulants shall still bear penal liability therefor.


Zambia / Zambie

HATCHARD, John, "The Law of Intoxication in Zambia", (1982) 15 Comparative and International Law Journal of South Africa 92-101;
 

___________"The Law Concerning Intoxication in Zambia", (1983) 12 The Anglo-American Law Review 41-51;
 

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