last  amendment: 17 May 2008

by © François Lareau, 2001-, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Croatia / Croatie -- 1998

"Croatia" in Council of Europe, Judicial organisation in Europe, Strasbourg : Council of Europe Publishing, 2000, 348 p. at pp. 59-74, ISBN: 9287142459; also published in French / aussi publié en français: "Croatie" dans Conseil de L'Europe, L'Europe judiciaire, Strasbourg : Éditions du Conseil de l'Europe, 2000, 352 p. aux pp. 91-106, ISBN: 9287142440;

Criminal Code in English, available at http://www.vsrh.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV/Files/Legislation__Criminal-Code.doc, (accessed on 26 September 2007), at http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=46&lid=2667  and at http://www.e-hrvatska.hr/sdu/en/Zakonodavstvo/RH/categoryParagraph/017/document/criminal_code.pdf (accessed on 28 September 2007); also available at http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=46&lid=2667&less=false (accessed on 17 May 2008);

CVJETKO, Boti_ca (Bozica), "Croatia. Criminal Responsibility of Minors in the Republic of Croatia", (2004) 75(1-2) International Review of Penal Law 263-275; note: XVIIth International Congress of Penal Law -- Preparatory Colloquium, Section I : Criminal Responsibility of Minors in National and International Legal Order, September 26-28, 2002, Vienna (Austria);
 

HORVATIC and Derencinovic, Criminal justice systems in Europe and North America: Croatia, Helsinki (Finland): HEUNI, the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control affiliated with the United Nations, 2002, 94 p.; available at  http://www.heuni.fi/uploads/mwfxnvrtdty5w.pdf (accessed on 1 January 2003);
 

JOSIPOVIC,  Ivo Josipovic, The Hague implementing criminal law : the comparative and Croatian implementing legislation and the Constitution Act on the cooperation of the Republic of Croatia with the International Criminal Tribunal and the commentary, Zagreb : Informator Hrvatski Pravni Centar, 2000. - xxxii, 874 p.; copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library KZ1203 J67 2000;

KRAPAC, Davor, "The Victim's Procedural Role in the Croatian Criminal Procedure",  (2002) 73(1-2) Revue internationale de droit pénal 155-166; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, K 5012 .R47  Location: FTX Periodicals; available at http://www.cairn.info/sommaire.php?ID_REVUE=RIDP&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RIDP_731 (accessed on 17 July 2007);  
 

KUTNJAK IVKOVIC, Sanja, "Lay participation in decision-making: A Croatian perspective on mixed tribunals", (1997) 36(4) The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 406-423;

___________"Mixed Tribunals in Croatia",  (2001) 72 (1-2) Revue internationale de droit pénal  57-85; available at http://www.cairn.info/sommaire.php?ID_REVUE=RIDP&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RIDP_721  (accessed on 15 July 2007);
 

SIEBER, Ulrich, The Punishment of Serious Crimes, Freiburg: Edition Iuscrim, 2004, 2 vol.s (276 and 570 p.), ISBN: 3861138859;

A comparative analysis of sentencing law and practice

This two-volume publication contains the Expert Report and the annexed country reports cited in the Dragan Nikolic judgment delivered on 18 December 2003 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). In this case, the commander of a detention camp in Bosnia pleaded guilty to numerous crimes committed in 1992. Among other offences, he admitted to murdering detainees by means of severe physical abuse or simply by shooting them, to torturing detainees by beating them with axe handles and iron bars, and to allowing women to be taken out of the camp and subjected to sexual assaults, including rape.

 In its pursuit of a just punishment in this case, the Dragan Nikolic sentencing judgment has become a milestone in the jurisprudence of international sentencing. With a view towards both comparative and criminological  methods, the ICTY approached Prof. Dr. Ulrich Sieber with a request to address in an expert report questions such as: What would the applicable sentencing range be if the accused had been sentenced according to the criminal laws of the various republics of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)? What  would the corresponding sentencing ranges be in other European and non-European countries for the serious crimes to which the accused peaded gulity? To what extent would the accused's guilty plea be considered a  mitigating factor in the sentencing of serious crimes in each of the legal systems considered? And: What concrete sentences would judges on the territory of the former SFRY impose today on the basis of current law?

For the analysis of international sentencing law and sentencing practice, Prof. Sieber and his collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law carried out in-depth research on the legal situation between 1992 and 2003 in the states on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. In addition, the  researchers conducted interviews with judges world, 23 country reports were specifically prepared for this study, dealing primarily with legal systems in Europe, but also with countries in North and South America, Australia, Asia, and Africa." (source:  http://www.iuscrim.mpg.de/verlag/arbeitsberichte.html , accessed on 10 July 2004)

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