Bibliography on attempt / bibliographie sur la tentative

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Selected Bibliography on Attempt /
Bibliographie choisie sur la tentative
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See also/voir aussi: Canadian Law/ Droit canadien
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ALEXANDER, Larry, 1943-, and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan with contributions by Stephen J. Morse, Crime and culpability : a theory of criminal law, Cambridge, U.K. ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2008, 372 p., ISBN: 9780521518772 (hardback) and 9780521739610 (pbk.);

THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE, Model Penal Code and Commentaries (Official Draft and Revised Comments), Part I - General Provisions §§3.01 to 5.07, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1985, xl, 506 p., see "Section 5.01. Criminal Attempt", at pp. 295-364;

___________Model Penal Code: Proposed Official Draft, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1962, xxii, 346 p., see "Section 5.01. Criminal Attempt" at pp. 81-83;

___________ Model Penal Code: Tentative Draft No. 10, Philadelphia: The American Law Institute, 1960, xii, 197 p., see pp. xi, 17-19, 24-26 and "Section 5.01. Criminal Attempt" at pp. 26-81;

ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT PÉNAL (AIDP) (International Association of Penal Law) and Istituto Superiore Internazionale di Scienze Criminali (ISISC) (International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences) and Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (MPI), Draft Statute
for an International Criminal Court -- Alternative to the ILC-Draft -- (Siracusa-Draft), prepared by a Committee of Experts Siracusa/Freiburg, July 1995, 88 p.; available at http://www.iuscrim.mpg.de/forsch/straf/referate/sach/hispint/siracusa.pdf (accessed on 10 December 2005);

___________Review of Commonwealth Criminal Law, Attempts, Canberra : The Review, 1987, 24 leaves (series; Discussion Paper; number7);

BEIN, Dan, The Intent in Criminal Attempt, thèse de droit, Université de Jérusalem, 1964, 4 ff., xxiv, 242 p.;

BRUN, Catherine, La préparation de l'infraction, Thèse de doctorat : Droit privé et science criminelle : Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 2000, 479 p., Numéro national de thèse: Thèse : 2000NICE0059; directeur de thèse: Roger Bernardini; titre noté dans mes recherches mais non consulté;

CALON, Paul, Étude sur la tentative des crimes impossibles, Aix-en-Provence: imprimerie de P. Pourcel, 1907, 150 p., Université d'Aix-Marseille. Faculté de droit d'Aix. Ed.; bibliothèque nationale de France, Notice n° : FRBNF31900244;

CASSESE, Antonio, International criminal law, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, lvi, 472 p., see Chapter 9, "Perpetration and Other Modalities of Criminal Conduct" at pp. 179-199, ISBN: 0199261288 and 0199259119 (pbk); copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K5000 C37 2003 c. 01;

CHAWLA, Monica, Criminal attempt and punishment, New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publ., 2006, xvi, 191 p., ISBN: 8176298158; title noted in my research but book not consulted; no copy shows up in the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 13 July 2006);

"CONTENTS:- Introduction to criminal attempts; Mens rea in criminal attempt; Actus reus in criminal attempt; Provisions concerning criminal attempt under the Indian penal code and other criminal acts; Provision of criminal attempt under other legal systems; Criminal attempt to commit impossible offences; Quantum of punishment for criminal attempt; Table of cases; Bibliography; Index." (source: http://www.saujanyabooks.com/BookDetail.asp?BookCode=30215, accessed on 13 July 2006)

CHEMLI, Walid, La théorie générale du commencement d'exécution et son application en droit pénal tunisien, Perpignan : Faculté pluridisciplinaire des sciences humaines juridiques économiques et sociales, 130 p., Mémoire DEA : Droit, institutions, société, Islam et Afrique francophones : Perpignan : 1999; thèse non consulté; information du catalogue SystèmeUniversitaire de documentation (France);

CHRISTIE, Sarah Ann, Inchoate Crimes: Incitement, Conspiracy and Attempts in Scottish Criminal Law, Edinburgh : W. Green/Sweet & Maxwell, 2001, xvii, 214 p., ISBN: 0414013905 (hbk); title noted in my research but book not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue, Library and Archives Canada (verification of 4 July 2006); copy at McGill University, Nahum Gelber Law Library, KDC 920 I53 C47 2001;

"[Contents]1. Law, Crime and Inchoate offences -- 2. Incitement to Commit Crime -- 3. Criminal Conspiracies -- 4. Intentional Aspects of Conspiracy -- 5. Actus Reus in Attempted Crimes -- 6. Mens Rea in Attempted Crimes -- 7. The Possibility of Impossible Attempts -- 8. The Justification of Punishment -- 9. The Way Forward. (Source: AMICUS cataloge, Library and Archives Canada)"

(1) Whoever intentionally commences to execute a criminal offense but does not consummate it shall be punished for the attempt only of a criminal offense for which a punishment of five years of imprisonment or a more serious penalty is prescribed by law, while the attempt of another criminal offense is punishable only if the law expressly provides for the punishment for an attempt.

(2) The perpetrator who attempts to commit a criminal offense shall be punished as if the offense had been completed, but the punishment can also be mitigated.

(3) If the perpetrator attempts to commit a criminal offense by means that are inappropriate to accomplish the ends sought, or against an object upon which a criminal offense could not have been committed, the court may remit the punishment.

(2) The perpetrator abandons the execution of a punishable attempt if he voluntarily interrupts further execution of a commenced criminal offense, aware that, according to all circumstances, he could have completed the act, or, if after the completion of such an act, he prevents the occurrence of consequences."

DALIGNY, Maurice-Parfait, Essai sur les principes de législation pénale en matière de tentative de crime et de délit, Paris: B. Warée, 1826, 30 p.; titre noté dans mes recherches mais document non consulté (source http://www.criminocorpus.cnrs.fr/article.php3?id_article=30, site visité le 25 août 2007);

DUBBER, Dirk, "Commentary" in Don Stuart, 1943-, R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., at pp. 156-182, ISBN: 045927077X; ResearchNote : commentary on Don Stuart's article "A Case for a General Part",infra ;

__________Intention, Agency & Criminal Liability: Philosophy of Action and the Criminal Law, Cambridge, Mass. and Oxford, U.K.:Basil Blackwell, 1990, xii, 219 p., see on criminal attempts, pp.180-206, (Series; Philosophical introductions), ISBN: 063115311X and 0631153128 (pbk.);

DUFRÈCHE, A., Droit romain: Des risques dans les contrats. Droit francais: De la tentative en matière criminelle et correctionnelle, Paris: Imprimerie de la H. Jouve, 1889, 99 p., thèse pour le doctorat; information de la Bibliothèque nationale de France,notice n° : FRBNF30368987; also copy at Harvard University;

ESCOFFIER, Amédée, De l'élément matériel dans la tentative, Lyon : imprimerie de Waltener, 1899, 138 p., thèse pour le doctorat, Université de Lyon. Faculté de droit. Ed.; information de la Bibliothèque nationale de la France, Notice n° : FRBNF30405452;

FILANGIERI, Gaetano, 1752-1788, Oeuvres de G. Filangieri, traduites de l'italien, Nouv. éd., accompagnée d'un commentaire, par Benjamin Constant, et de l'éloge de Filangieri, par Salfi, Paris, J. P. Aillaud, 1840, 3 tomes.; translated by J. A. Gauvin Gallois; note: .-t.1. Éloge de Filangieri. Des règles générales de la science de la législation. Des lois politiques et économiques. Des lois criminelles. 1. tie.- t.2. Des lois criminelles. 2. ptie. Des lois relatives à l'éducation, aux moeurs, et à l'instruction publique. 1-2. ptie.- t.3. Suite du précédent. 3. ptie. Des lois qui concernent la religion. Opuscules inédits. Commentaire sur l'ouvrage de Filangieri, par Benjamin Constant.copie à la Bibliothèque du Parlement, Ottawa, JC 183 F54;

FITZGERALD, P.J., Criminal law and punishment, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962, xi, 278 p., see "Attempts to commit crimes" at pp. 98-101;

FLETCHER, George, P., Rethinking Criminal Law, Boston: Little, Brown, 1978, xxviii, 898 p., see on "Atempts", pp. 131-197;

___________Basic Principles of Criminal Law, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, xi, 223 p., see Chapter 10, "Attempts versus Completed Offences" at pp. 171-187, ISBN: 019512708 and 0195121716 (pbk.);

La personne qui a tenté de commettre un crime ou un délit est, dans les cas prévus par la loi, exempte de peine si, ayant averti l'autorité administrative ou judiciaire, elle a permis d'éviter la réalisation de l'infraction et, le cas échéant, d'identifier les autres auteurs ou complices.

Dans les cas prévus par la loi, la durée de la peine privative de liberté encourue par une personne ayant commis un crime ou un délit est réduite si, ayant averti l'autorité administrative ou judiciaire, elle a permis de faire cesser l'infraction, d'éviter que l'infraction ne produise un dommage ou d'identifier les autres auteurs ou complices.

Les dispositions de l'alinéa précédent sont également applicables lorsque la personne a permis soit d'éviter la réalisation d'une infraction connexe de même nature que le crime ou le délit pour lequel elle était poursuivie, soit de faire cesser une telle infraction, d'éviter qu'elle ne produise un dommage ou d'en identifier les auteurs ou complices.

Aucune condamnation ne peut être prononcée sur le seul fondement de déclarations émanant de personnes ayant fait l'objet des dispositions du présent article." source: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/RechercheSimpleArticleCode)

GALLET, Henri, La notion de la tentative punissable (essai critique), Paris: Rousseau, 1898, xxvii, 363 p., thèse pour le doctorat, Université de Caen, Faculté de droit; information du catalogue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Notice n°: FRBNF30476961;

GAROFALO, Raffaele, barone, 1851-1934, La criminologie, 5e éd. ent. ref. et augm., Paris : Alcan, 1905, xv, 479 p. (Collection; Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine); copie à l'Université de Montréal, 364/G237c;

___________ Criminology. Translated by Robert Wyness Millar. With an introd. by E. Ray Stevens, Montclair, N.J., Patterson Smith, 1968 [c1914], xl, 478 p., see "§ 8. Criminal Attempt", at pp. 308-321 (series; Patterson Smith reprint series in criminology, law enforcement, and social problems. Publication no. 12); copy at Ottawa University, FTX General, HV 6038 .G35 1968;

GARRAUD, R. (René), 1849-, Précis de droit criminel, contenant l'explication élémentaire de la partie générale du Code pénal, du Code d'instruction criminelle, et des lois qui ont modifié ces deux codes, par R. Garraud ..., 15. éd. refondue et mise au courant, par Pierre Garraud ..., Paris, Librairie du Recueil Sirey (société anonyme) 1934, xxi p. 1 l., 1210 p.; voir l'extrait sur la tentative aux pp. 194 et suivantes préparées par le professeur Doucet à http://ledroitcriminel.free.fr/morceaux_choisis/la_loi_penale/garraud_tentative.htm (visionné le 8 février 2003);

GENIN, Jean-Claude, La répression des actes de tentative endroit criminel romain: contribution à l'étude de la subjectivité répressive à Rome, Lyon: Imprimerie Audin, 1968, xiv, 341 p., thèse de droit, Lyon , 1968; informations provenant du catalogue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Notice n°: FRBNF33023114;

GOMEZ NIEVES, Maria Teresa, Les rapports entre la tentative et la complicité : le minimum de criminalité, thèse, droit pénal, Paris 2, 1984, 163 p.; publié à : Lille 3: ANRT, 2 microfiches;

GRAVEN, Philippe, L'infraction pénale punissable, Berne: Éditions Staemplfi, 1993, xv, 346 p., (Collection; Précis de droit Staempfli), ISBN: 372720978X;okokokokokok

"Toute infraction porte par définition atteinte à un intérêt pénalement protégé; cette atteinte (Rechtsgutverletzung) ne doit pas être considérée comme un 'résultat' [...]

Plus la valeur d'un bien juridique est élevée, plus est large la protection dont il jouit. Aussi la loi réprime-t-elle souvent, par le biais de ces 'délits-obstacles' que sont les infractions de mise en danger (Gefährdungsdelikte), la création d'un risque de lésion pour les intérêts les plus précieux, notamment la vie et l'intégrité corporelle. Il s'agit donc alors d'intervenir pénalement avant qu'une atteinte effective survienne, de manière à l'empêcher si possible; la répression de la tentative (art. 21 [du Code pénal suisse], de certains actes préparatoires [...] obéit d'ailleurs à des considérations comparables [...]" (pp. 82 et 84)

GREAVES, Charles Sprengel, 1801-1881, et al., The criminal law consolidation acts, with notes of the cases decided on their construction, by Edward W. Cox and Thomas William Saunders, 3rd ed., containing ... The principles of punishment, by E.W. Cox; The law of arrests without a warrent, and the law as to attempts to commit crimes, by C.S. Greaves; A table of crimes and their punishments, by H.F. Purcell, London, Law Times Office, 1870, clv, 504 p.; text not consulted; rare book;

HASNAS, John, 1953-, Attempting the Impossible The Conditions for Culpability, Ph.D,., Duke University, 1988, 399 p., call number: Ph.D.H352A 1988, Perkins Library, Duke University;

HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, The Common Law, Boston: Little, Brown,1881 (56th printing, year?), xvi, 422, see Lecture II, "The Criminal Law", pp. 39-76 and more particularly pp. 65-70 for discussion on attempts;

HUDA, Syed Shamsul, 1862-1922, The principles of the law of crimes in British India, Calcutta ; Winnipeg : Butterworth, 1919, xv, 455 p. (Tagore Law Lectures - 1902); see Lecture 3: "Inchoate Crimes - Attempts", at pp. 46-87;
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- Table of Contents, Index and Index of Cases Cited;
- i-xv and 1-215;
- 216-455;

HUMBERT, Gustave, De la tentative en droit criminel romain, Toulouse, 1863, 23 p., notes: "Extrait du recueil des Mémoires de l'Académie de législation de Toulouse", 1862, à la p.406; copie à l'Université Harvard;

HUSTIN-DENIES, Nathalie et Dean Spielmann, L'infraction inachevée en droit pénal comparé, Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1997, 163 p. (Collection; Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculté de droit), ISBN: 2802710710; touche au droit de l'Angleterre, France, Luxembourg, Belgique, Allemagne, Italie et Espagne;

IRELAND, Law Reform Commission, Inchoate Offences, Dublin : Law Reform Commission, 2008, xvii, 125 p. (series; LRC CP -- 2008); available at http://www.lawreform.ie/publications/InchoateCP%20online.pdf (accessed on 29 February 2008); part deals with incitement;

JENSEN, O.G. (Otto Christian), The nature of legal argument, Oxford : Blackwell, 1957, xv, 166 p., see Part III, "Attempt", at pp. 127-166; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K 212 .J46 1957;

KIM, Chin, 1926-, "Asian Criminal Law: A Comparison with Proposed Federal Criminal Code", (1973) South Texas Law Journal; also published in Chin Kim, Selected Writings on Asian Law, Littleton (Colorado), 1982, xiii, 573 p., at pp. 453-478, and see "Criminal Attempt (Section 1001)" at pp. 469-471, ISBN: 0837707412; copy of the book at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KNC 79 K56 1982;

LAINGUI, André, La responsabilité pénale dans l'ancien droit (XVIe - XVIIIe siècle), Paris : Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1970, xii, 366 p. (Collection; Bibliothèque d'histoire du droit et droit romain; tomeXVII), voir sur la tentative, les pp. 127-163; note de recherche: importante contribution au sujet;

LAUD-HAMMOND, Archibald and Nil Maatei, Legal and Moral Problems in Criminal Attempts, Ph.D. thesis, University of Virginia, 1988, ii, 262 p., call number: Diss. Phil. 1988 .L38, University of Virginia Library; text not consulted;

THE LAW COMMISSION, Attempt, and Impossibility in Relation to Attempt, Conspiracy and Incitement, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1980, v, 107 p., (series; Report; 102), ISBN: 0102646805;

___________Conspiracy and Attempt: A Consultation Paper, [London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 2007, xi, 276 p., (series; Consultation paper; 183); available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/cp183_web.pdf (accessed on 13 October 2007);

___________Inchoate Liability for Assisting and Encouraging Crime, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 2006, x, 166 p. (series; Law Com. No. 300), ISBN: 0101687826, available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/lc300.pdf (accessed on 17 July 2006);

___________ Inchoate Offences. Conspiracy, Attempt and Incitement 5 June 1973, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1973, xiii, 117 p., ISBN: 0117300810 (series; Working Paper; number 50);

___________Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide, London: TSO (The Stationery Office), 2006, x, 265 p. (series; Law Com; 304), available at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/lc304.pdf (accessed on 4 December 2006);

LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF HONG KONG, Report on codification : the preliminary offences of incitement, conspiracy and attempt (Topic 26)/ Preliminary offences of incitement, conspiracy and attempt, [Hong Kong] : Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong, 1994, 79 p.(series; topic 26); available at http://www.hkreform.gov.hk/reports/rcodification-e.pdf (accessed on 31 July 2005);

LAZEU DE PEYRALADE, B., De Furtis?, en droit romain. De la Tentative, en droit français, Toulouse : imprimerie de Douladoure,1876, 181 p., Faculté de droit de Toulouse. Ed., Thèse pourle doctorat, Faculté de droit de Toulouse, catalogue de la Bibliothèquenationale de France, Notice n° : FRBNF30757823;

LÉCHOT, Roland, De la tentative, spécialement dansles travaux préparatoires du CPS [Code pénal suisse] et sa pénalité dans le CPS, Genève, 1947, 95 p., thèse de droit, Berne, 1946; informations de RERO, le Réseau des bibliothèques romandes et tessinoises, en Suisse à http://www.rero.ch/;

LEGEAIS, Raymond, Les grands systèmes de droit contemporain: une approche comparative, Paris : Litec : Éd. Juris Classeur, 2004, xiii, 457 p., et voir "La tentaive" aux pp. 339-340, SBN: 2711004368; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX General, K559 .L43 2004;

LEVENBROOK, Barbara Baum, 1949-, Criminal Attempts: A Philosophical Analysis, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Arizona, 1977, viii, 346 pp., call number E9791 1977 82, The University of Arizona Library;

LEVY, Ken, "The Solution to the Problem of Outcome Luck: Why Harm is Just as Punishable as the Wrongful Action That Causes It", (2005) 24 Law and Philosophy 263–303;

LUDT, Henri, Le délit impossible, Mémoire de DES : Sc. criminelles : Poitiers : 1972, 106 p.; document non consulté;

MARÉCHAL, Jean-Yves, Essai sur le résultat dans la théorie de l'infraction pénale, Thèse Doctorat : DROIT PENAL : LILLE 2 : 1999, 587 p.; directeur de thèse: Alain Prothais et voir Protais, infra; thèse non consultée;

__________ Essai sur le résultat dans la théorie de l'infraction pénale...préface de Alain Prothais, Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003, 559 p., ISBN: 2747545490; note: Texte remanié de : Thèse Doctorat : Droit pénal : Lille 2 : 1999; titre noté dans mes recherches mais livre non consulté; aucune copie de ce livre dans les bibliothèques comprises dans le catalogue AMICUS de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (vérification du 15 avril 2005);

MATHIS, Stephen Eugene, Criminal attempts and the formal requirements of criminal liability, Ph.D. thesis Philosophy, University of Kansas, 1999, viii, 260 p.; text not consulted and the information is from the University of Kansas Libraries;

___________"Criminal Attempts and the Suibjectivism/Objectivism Debate", (September 2004) 17(3) Ratio Juris 328-345;

MERCIER, André (Docteur en droit), De la tentative et spécialement du délit impossible : histoire, législations, jurisprudence, Lausanne: Payot, 1901, 86 p.; informations de RERO, le Réseau des bibliothèques romandes et tessinoises, en Suisse à http://www.rero.ch/;

MERLE, Roger, 1922-, et André Vitu, Traité de Droit Criminel, t. 1, Problèmes généraux de la science criminelle - Droit pénal général, 7e éd., Paris: Cujas, 1997, 1068 p.; voir l'extrait sur la "tentative infructueuse" préparé par le professeur Doucet, à http://ledroitcriminel.free.fr/morceaux_choisis/la_loi_penale/vitu_delit_impossible.htm (visionné le 8 février 2003);

METTRAUX, Guénaël, International Crimes and the ad hoc Tribunals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, xxxii, 442 p., and see "Attempt?", at pp. 293-295, ISBN: 0199271550;

MEYLAN, Jean-François, Les actes préparatoires délictueux en droit pénal suisse (art. 260 bis CP), [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990 (Lausanne : Imprimerie de la Cité), 192 p., Thèse de droit, Université de Lausanne, 1990; voir l'article 260 bis;

MEZIANE, Kaddour, La théorie de l'infraction impossible, Mém. de D.E.A. : Sci. crim. Toulouse 1 : 1987, 26 feuilles; mémoire non consulté;

MILLAUD, René, Du principe de l'identité de peine en matière de tentative et d'infraction consommée, Paris, imprimerie de L. Boyer, 1902, 100 p., thèse pour le doctorat, Faculté de droit de l'Université de Paris. Ed.; information du catalogue de la Bibliothèque de France, notice n° : FRBNF30947323;

MOITESSIER, Pierre, De la Tentative d'escroquerie, Aix-en-Provence : imprimerie de P. Pourcel, 1907, iv, 147 p., thèse pour le doctorat juridique, Université d'Aix-Marseille. Faculté de droit d'Aix-en-Provence. Ed.; informations de la Bibliothèque nationalede France, Notice n° : FRBNF30957248;

MUSY, Jean, La tentative complexe et le désistement volontaire, Fribourg : Imprimerie de l'Oeuvre de Saint-Paul, 1905, 92 p., Thèse de droit, Fribourg, Suisse; informations de Helveticat - Catalogueen ligne de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Suisse;

NABOKOW, Vladimir, 1869-1922, Rapport de M. Vladimir Nabokow : au congrès international des membres de l'Union internationale de droitpénal sur la pénalité de la tentative, St-Petersbourg: Senatskaia tip., 1902, 17 p.; copy and information from Harvard University Hollis Catalogue;

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON REFORM OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAWS (THE), Final Report of the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws -A Proposed New Federal Criminal Code (Title 18, United States Code),Washington (D.C.): U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, xxv, 364 p.,see "§ 1001. Criminal Attempt" at pp. 67-68;

NÉGRIÉ, Georges, Le délit impossible, Toulouse, Marqués, 1907, 104 p.; thèse de doctorat, droit, Université de Toulouse : 1907-1908; thèse non consulté; copie à University of Toronto, John P. Robarts Research Library (Humanities and Social Sciences);

NEW ZEALAND, Criminal Law Reform Committee, The Law Relating to the Frustation of Attempts by Impossibility, Wellington, New Zealand: The Criminal Law Reform Committee, 1973, 22 p. (series; report);

___________"Responding to Acts Preparatory to the Commission of a Crime: Criminalization or Prevention?", (Summer/Fall 2006) 25(2) Criminal Justice Ethics 23-39;

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD), Country Reports on the Implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 1997 Revised Recommendation; note: eaxh report contains precious information on attempt; see http://www.oecd.org/document/24/0,2340,en_2649_34855_1933144_1_1_1_1,00.html (accessed on 20 December 2003); also published in French / aussi publié en français: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OECD), Rapports par pays sur la mise en oeuvre de la convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales et la recommendation révisée de 1997, chaque rapport rapport contient des renseignements importants sur la tentative, voir: http://www.oecd.org/document/24/0,2340,fr_2649_34855_2759409_1_1_1_1,00.html (visionné le 20 décembre 2004);

O'REGAN, Robin S, Essays on the Australian Criminal Codes, Sydney: The Law Book, 1979, xix, 152 p., see Essay IX, "Criminal Attempts in the Griffith Code" at pp. 137-150, ISBN: 0455199558;

PRADEL, Jean, Histoire des doctrines pénales, deuxième édition corrigée, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991, 126 p. (Collection; "que sais-je"; numéro 2484), ISBN: 2130432735;

PROTHAIS, Alain, Tentative et attentat, Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1985, ix, 501 p. (Collection;Bibliothèque de sciences criminelles; vol. 24), thèse Lille1981, ISBN: 2275009469;

RIPSTEIN, Arthur, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law, Cambridge and in New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xii, 307 p., see Chapter 7, "Recklessness and Attempts" at pp. 218-245 (Series; Cambridge studiesin philosophy and law), ISBN: 0521584523;

ROBINSON, O.F., The Criminal Law of Ancient Rome, Baltimore (Maryland): The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995, x, 212 p., see "The actus reus and attempted crimes" at pp. 17-19 and notes at p. 114, ISBN:0801853184;

ROBINSON, Paul H., 1948-, and John M., Darley, Justice, Liability, and Blame: Community Views and the Criminal Law, Boulder (Colorado, USA): Westview Press, 1995, xvii, 299 p., ISBN: 0813324505, (Series: New directions in social psychology); see Chapter 2, "Doctrines of Criminalization: What Conduct Should be Criminal?" at pp. 13-51, and, in particular, "Study 1: Objective Requirements of Attempt" at pp. 14-28 and "Chapter Summary" at pp. 50-51;

ROGER, Stéphanie, L'infraction impossible, Mémoire de DEA : Droit pénal et sciences pénales / Paris II ; session de 2000, 61 feuilles; texte non consulté;

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,17 July 1998, in force 1 July 2002, see Part III, General Principles of Criminal Law, available at http://www.un.org/law/icc/ (accessed on 4 December 2002);

___________"Draft Report of the International Meeting from 19 to 30 January 1998 in Zutphen, the Netherlands" in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 221-311, (document number: A/AC.249/1998/L.13, 1998), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 1, (Proceedings of the Preparatory Committee during March-April and August 1996)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by,The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 385-439, (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);

___________"Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, vol. 2, (Compilation of Proposals)", in M. Cherfif Bassiouni, 1937-, compiled by, The Statute of the International Criminal Court : a documentary history, Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1998, xxii, 793 pp., at pp. 441-616 (document number: G.A., 51 st Sess., Supp. No. 22, A/51/22, 1996), ISBN:1571050957; copy at the Library of Parliament, KZ6310 S72 (library Br.B.); available at http://www.npwj.org/iccrome/cdrom/ (accessed on 15 December 2002);
ROPARS, Frédérique, 1979-, Théorie de la tentative et répression de l'infraction impossible contre les personnes, Mémoire DEA : Droit pénal et sciences criminelles: Bordeaux 4 : 2003, 81 feuilles; note catalogue Abès; titre npté dans mes recherches mais mémoire non consulté; aucune copie dans les bibliothèques canadiennes comprises dans le catalogue AMICUS de la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada (vérification du 10 juillet 2004);

SCOTLAND, Scottish Law Commission, Attempted Homicide, Edinburgh: Scottish Law Commission, 1984, 52 p. (series; Consultative Memorandum; No. 61);

SMITH, K. J. M. (Keith John Michael), Lawyers, legislators, and theorists : developments in English criminal jurisprudence 1800-1957, Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, xxvi, 394 p., (series; Oxford monographs on criminal law and criminal justice), ISBN: 0198257236; Contents: Table of Cases, xvii-xxvi; Ch. 1, Introductory Observations: Objectives and Limitations, 1-6; Pt. I: 1800-1832, p. 7; Ch. 2, Legal Theory and Legal Culture, 9-54; Ch. 3, Developments in Criminal Theory, 55-117; Pt. II: 1833-1907, p. 119; Ch. 4, Notions of Subjective Criminal Fault, 121-172; Ch. 5, Objective and Constructive Criminal Fault, 173-203; Ch. 6, Excluding the Presumption of Fault: Strict and Vicarious Responsibility - Nineteenth-century Developments, 204-217; Ch. 7, Moral Agency: The Necessary Characteristics of the Criminal Actor, 218-262; Ch. 8, Attempt: Contracting Consequentialism - Expanding the Notion of Criminal Harm?, 263-275; Pt. III: 1908-1957, p. 277; Ch. 9, Criminal Fault, 279-321; Ch. 10, Moral Agency: The Necessary Characteristics of the Criminal Actor, 322-350; Ch. 11, Attempt: Contracting Consequentialism - Expanding the Notion of Criminal Harm?, 351-360; Ch. 12, Summary Observations and Speculations: General and Particular, 361-378; Bibliography, 379-386; Index, 387-394;

The Statutory Criminal law of Germany: With Comments: a Translation of the German Criminal Code of 1871 With Amendments, Together with theMost Important Supplementary Penal Statutes and With the Laws Nos. 1 and11 and Proclamation no. 3 of the Control Council for Germany, Washington,D.C. : War Deptartment,1946, xx, 276 p., see "Chapter 2 Attempt -Versuch" at pp. 32-35 (Series; War Department pamphlet; number 31-122);Notes: At head of title: "Military government information guide"; copyat Nahum Gelber Law Library, McGill University;

STEPHEN, Sir James Fitzjames, A History of the Criminal Law of England, vol. 2, London: MacMillan, 1883, vi, 497, see on attempt, pp. 221-227;

STUART, Don R., A Comparative Study of the Law and Police Practice in England Relating to the Prosecution of Inchoate and Preventive Crimes, unpublished D. Phil. candidate thesis, Oxford University, 1974, 406, 26 leaves; title noted in my research but thesis not consulted; copy at University of Alberta, Cameron Library, KF 9223 S93 1974;

TABURET, Augustin-Marie, Jus romanum : De Furtis. - Droit français (Code pénal.) De la Tentative ; du complot et de l'attentat..., Rennes: impr. de T. Hauvespre, 1868, 54 p.; Université impériale de France. Académie de Rennes. -Faculté de droit. Thèse pour la licence; disponible à http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5661164p.r=.langEN (vérifié le 24 août 2009);

TARDE, Gabriel, 1843-1904, La philosophie pénale, Lyon: A. Storck et Paris: G. Masson, 1890, 566 p., voir les pp. 462-465; livre aussi publié en anglais/book also published in English, Penal philosophy, by Gabriel Tarde. Translated by Rapelje Howell. With an editorial pref. by Edward Lindsey and an introd. by Robert H. Gault, Montclair, N.J., Patterson Smith, 1968 [c1912], xxxii, 581 p. (series; Patterson Smith reprint series in criminology, law enforcement, and social problems; Publication number 16), copy at Ottawa University, FTX General HV 6035 .T33 1968;

VAN DEN WYNGAERT, Christine, editor, and Guy Stessens and Liesbeth Janssens, assistant editors, International Criminal Law: A Collection of International and European Instruments, 3rd ed., Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2005, xviii, 1542 p., see the index, at pp. 1534-1535, under "Attempt" where the authors refer to 69 instruments, ISBN: 900414232 and 9004142940 (pbk.); copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K5301 A35 I58 2005;

YAFFE, Gideon, 1971-, Attempts: in the philosophy of action and the criminal law, New York : Oxford University Press, 2010, x, 349 p., ISBN: 9780199590667 (hbk.) and 0199590664 (hbk.); copy at Fauteux Library Branch, University of Ottawa;

WERLE, Gerhard, in cooperation with Florian Jessberger, Wulf Burchards, Volker Nerlich and Belinda Cooper, Principles of International Criminal Law, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, c2005, xii, 485 p., and see "Inchoate Crimes", pp. 165-170, with "Attempt", at pp. 168-169 and "Abandonment" at pppp. 169-170, ISBN: 9067041963 and 9067042021 (pbk.); copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K5000 .W47 2005;

WHITE, Alan R., Misleading Cases, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991, [vi], 144 p., see chapter 2, "Attempting the Impossible", pp. 11-29, ISBN: 0198256884; with the same title in R.G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris, eds., Liability and responsibility : essays in law and morals, Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991, x, 430 p. at pp. 65-86, being chapter 3 of the book (Series: Cambridge studies in philosophy and law), ISBN: 0521392160 (hardcover);

WILSON, Williams, Central Issues in Criminal Theory, Oxford (England)/Portland (Oregon): Hart Publishing, 2002, ix, 380 p., see Chapter 8, "Criminal Attempts", at pp. 225-257, ISBN: 1841130621; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada K5018 W55 2002 c. 01;

ZEMMEL, Mohamed Abbes, La tentative à la lumière de la législation et la jurisprudence pénale arabe, thèse: Mém. DEA : Droit, institutions, société, Islam et Afrique francophones : Perpignan : 2000, 93 feuilles; information du catalogue Système universitaire de documentation (France);

ADAMS, David M., "The Problem of the Incomplete Attempt", (1998) 24 Social Theory and Practice 317-343;

ALEXANDER, Larry and Kimberley Ferzan, "When Are Inchoate Crimes Culpable and Why?", in Anthony Duff and Christoffer Wong, eds., Foundational Issues in the Philosophy of Criminal Law, Special Workshop at the 23rd IVR Congress, 1-6 August 2007, Krakow, Poland, at pp. 3-14; available at http://cracow.nordstraff.net/omnes_02.pdf (accessed on 24 February 2008);

ALEXANDER, Larry and Kimberly D. Kessler, "Mens Rea and Inchoate Crimes", (1997) 87 The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1138-1193;

ALEXANDER, Larry, Book Review, "Arthur Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 368 pp.", (November 2001) 20(6) Law & Philosophy, 19-42, see "Manifest Criminality and Attempts: Wrapping an Enigma in a Mystery", 630-634;

___________"Crime and Culpability", (1994) 5 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 1-30;

___________"Duff on Attempts", in M. Reiff, M. Kramer and C. Cruft, eds., Crime, Punishment and Responsibility, Oxford: Ocford University Press, 2011, 408 p., ISBN: 978-0-19-959281-4; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet, 1 November 2011;

___________"The Philosophy of Criminal Law" in Jules L. Coleman and Scott Shapiro, eds., and associate editor, Kenneth Einar Himma, The Oxford handbook of jurisprudence and philosophy of law, New York: Oxford University Press, c2002, x, 1050 p., at pp. 815-867; on attempt, see pp. 832-841, ISBN: 0198298242;

___________"Unknowingly Justified Actors and the Attempt/Sucess Distinction", (Summer 2004) 38(4) Tulsa Law Review 851-859;

ALEXIADIS, Peter, "The Impossibility of Performance in Criminal Law: English and Australian Efforts to Tackle the Problem", (1980-82) 9 Sydney Law Review 477-496;

AMBOS, Kai, "General Principles of Criminal Law in the Rome Statute", (1999) 10(1) Criminal Law Forum 1-32, and see "Attempt and Abandonment" at pp. 14-16;

Annotation, "What Conduct Amounts to an Overt Act or Acts Done Toward Commission of Larceny so as to Sustain Charge of Attempt to Commit Larceny", (1977) 76 ALR3d 842-879, and see also 76 ALR3d Supplement, June 2006, pp. 113-116;

ANTONIU, G., "Tentative et désistement en cas de participation pénale"(1986) 30 Sciences juridiques/Legal Sciences 71-76; Romanian Law Review; Index of Foreign periodicals; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non consulté; aucune copie de ce périodique dans la région d'Ottawa, selon ma vérification du catalogue AMICUS, de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada; copie à l'Université McGill, Bibliothèque de droit Nahum Gelber/McGill University, Nahum Gelber Law Library;

ARENSON, Kenneth J., "The Pitfalls in the Law of Attempt: A New Perspective", (April 2005) 69(2) The Journal of Criminal Law 146-167; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KD 7862 .J653;

ARNOLD, Thurman W., "Criminal Attempts - The Rise and Fall of an Abstraction", (1930-31) 40 Yale Law Journal 53-80;

ASHWORTH, Andrew , "Belief, Intent and Criminal Liability", in John Eekelaar & John Bell, eds., Oxford Essays in JurisprudenceThird Series , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987, 267 p. at pp. 1-31, ISBN: 0198255071;

___________"Criminal Attempts and the Role of Resulting Harm, Under the Code, and in the Common Law", (1987-88) 19 Rutgers Law Journal 725-772;

___________"The Criminal Law Ambivalence about Outcomes", in M. Reiff, M. Kramer and C. Cruft, eds., Crime, Punishment and Responsibility, Oxford: Ocford University Press, 2011, 408 p., ISBN: 978-0-19-959281-4; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet, 1 November 2011;

___________"Defining Criminal Offences without Harm" in P. Smith, ed., Criminal Law: Essays in Honour of J.C. Smith, London: Butterworths, 1987, xxvii, 234 p. at pp. 7-23, ISBN: 0406501106;

___________"The Draft Code, Complicity and the Inchoate Offences", [1986] Criminal Law Review 303-314;

___________"Taking the Consequences", in Stephen Shute, John Gardner and Jeremy Horder, eds., Action and Value in Criminal Law, Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1993, [x], 314 p., at pp. 107-124, ISBN: 0198258062 and 0198260792 (pbk.);

ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT PÉNAL (AIDP) (International Association of Penal Law), "Projet de Code pénal international", (1981) 52(1-2) Revue internationale de droit pénal;

9.0. Une personne commet une tentative si, dans l'intention de commettre une infraction spécifique, elle se livre à un comportement non équivoque et direct qui forme une étape substantielle vers la commission de cette infraction et qui, s'il n'y avait pas eu un événement fortuit ou une erreur de l'auteur, aurait abouti à l'accomplissement du crime." (source: http://www.penal.org/pdf/livr-annexe-11.pdf et voir aussi http://www.penal.org/new/activites.php?Doc_zone=ACTIVITE&langage=fr&ID_doc=30; sites vérifiés le 13 novembre 2007)

"[Recent Decisions] Attempt-Overt Act Constituting", (1924) 24 Columbia Law Review 790; no author cited and one page only;

AVINOR, Shaul, "The Fallacy of the Conventional Theory on the Historical Development of the Concept of Criminal Liability", (2004) 15 Criminal Law Forum 411-466;

AZIZ, Davinia Filza Abdul , "Punishment as Response to Harm: Why the Attempt Warrants Lesser Punishment Than the Completed Crime", (2002) Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 604-616;

BACIGALUPO, Enrique, "Responsabilité criminelle", in Peter J. Cullen, ed., Enlarging the fight against fraud in the European Union : penal and administrative sanctions, settlement, whistleblowing and corpus juris in the candidate countries / [ERA, Europäische Rechtsakademie], Köln : Bundesanzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, c2004, c2003, 447 p., aux pp. 75-89, et voir "Tentative", aux pp. 86-89 (series; Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Rechtsakademie Trier ; Bd. 36 = Serie de publications de l'Academie de Droit Europeen de Treves; Bd.36 = Series of publications by the Academy of European Law Trier; Bd. 36), ISBN: 3898173658; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, KJE 8643 .E55 2004; note: touche aux droits de la Bulgarie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lituanie, Pologne, Roumanie, Slovaquie, Slovénie et de la R.publique tchèque; contribution importante au sujet;

BAYLES, Michael D., "Punishment for Attempts", (1982) 8 Social Theory and Practice 21-29;

BECKER, Lawrence C., "Criminal Attempt and the Theory of the Law of Crimes", (1973-74) 3 Philosophy & Public Affairs 262-294;

BEIN, Dan, "The 'Completed Offence' and the Attempt - Some Problems in Criminal Law Interpretation", (1969) 4 Israel Law Review 216-228;

BELL, Linda P., Comment, Criminally Attempting the Medically Improbable, (1994-95) 20 Thurgood Marshall Law Review 243-267;

BELLO, Christopher, Annotation, "Construction and application of state statute governing impossibility of consummation as defense to prosecution for attempt to commit crime", (1985) 41 A.L.R. (4th) 588-601 with ALR4th Supplement, August 2005, at pp. 125-126;;

BEN-SHAHAR, Omri and Alon Harel, "The Economics of the Law of Criminal Attempts: A Victim - Centered Perspective", (1996-97) 145 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 299-351;

BENNION, Francis, "Framing the Crime of Attempt", (1980) 130 New Law Journal 725-726 (issue of 14 August 1980);

BENTIL, John K., "Criminal Attempt", (1974) 118 Solicitors' Journal 710-712 (issue of 18 October 1974);

BERNARD, Maurice, "Notes sur le crime impossible", (1902) 26 Revue pénitentiaire et de droit pénal 1006; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non consulté;

BESSON, André, "Le délit impossible", (1929) Revue critique de législation 332-373; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, Ottawa;

BIERSCHBACH, Richard A. and Alex Stein, "Mediating Rules in Criminal Law", (September 2007) 93(5) Virginia Law Review 1197-1258, and see "Preparation Versus Attempt", at pp. 1234-1241; available at http://www.virginialawreview.org/content/pdfs/93/1197.pdf (accessed 16 March 2008);

BLOSS, William P., "Attempted and Incomplete Offences", in Richard A. Wright and J. Mitchell Miller, eds., Encyclopedia of Criminology, Scarborough : Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2004, vol. 1, at pp. 77-78; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, HV 61017 E53 2005 REF;

BLOUSTEIN, Edward J., "Criminal Attempts and the 'Clear and Present Danger' Theory of the First Amendment", (1988-89) 74 Cornell Law Review 1118-1150;

BODSON, P.L. , Bibliographie, "TENTATIVE ET ATTENTAT par Alain Prothais, Paris, Librarie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1985 (501 p.)", (1986) 66(12) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 978-982; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, K 21 .D725;

BOHLANDER, Michael, "Federal Court of Justice of Germany (Ordinary Jurisdiction) (Bundesgerichtshof -- BGH), 1st Criminal Senate. Attempts: Withdrawal Case No. 1 StR 503/04, 14 June 2005", (April 2006) 70(2) The Journal of Criminal Law 135-138;

BRAZIER, Rodney, "Reformulation of Criminal Attempts", (1974) 37 The Modern Law Review 329-335;

BROADIE, Frederick, "Trying and Doing", (1965-66) 66 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 27-40;

BRODIE, Kyle S., "The Obviously Impossible Attempt: A Proposed Revision to the Model Penal Code", (1994-95) 15 Northen Illinois University Law Review 237-256;

BURKHARDT, Björn., "Is There a Rational Justification for Punishing An Accomplished Crime More Severely Than an Attempted Crime?", [1986] BrighamYoung University Law Review 553- 571; important paper on the subject; available at http://lawreview.byu.edu/archives/1986/3/bur.pdf (accessed on 24 March 2008);

BURCHELL, E.M., "[Recent Cases] Attempt to Commit the Impossible"], (1956) 73 South African Law Journal 361-365;

BURGER, Deanna, Notes and Comments, "Criminal Law: Impossibility of Criminal Attempt", (1960) 13 Oklahoma Law Review 61-64;

BUXTON, Richard, "Circumstances, Consequences and Attempted Rape", [1984] Criminal Law Review 25-34;

___________ "The Working Paper on Inchoate Offences: (1) Incitement and Attempt", [1973] Criminal Law Review 656-673;

CAHILL, Michael T., "Attempt by Omission", (2009) 94 Iowa Law Review; Brooklyn Law School, Legal Studies Paper No. 128. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1333205; see http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1333205 (accessed on 31 January 2009);

___________ "Attempt, Reckless Homicide, and the Structure of Criminal Law", 2006, Brooklyn law School, Legal Studies Paper No. 56; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=894379 (accessed on 3 April 2006);

CABATUANDO, J.R., "Should Impossible Crimes be Punished" (1933) 13 Philippine Law Journal 18; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, microfilm; not consulted yet;

CARR, Charles R., "Punishing Attempts", (1981) 62 Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 61-68;

CATHALA, Fernand, "La tentative de vol", (mars-avril 1962) numéro 42 Revue de la sûreté nationale 5-15.; titre noté dans mes recherches mais document non consulté (source http://www.criminocorpus.cnrs.fr/article.php3?id_article=30, site visité le 25 août 2007);

CHAMPCOMMUNAL, J., "Étude critique de législation comparée sur la tentative", (1895) 24 Revue critique de législation et de jurisprudence 41-62 et 94-114; copie de cette publication à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;

CHAN, Wing-Cheong, "Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy and Attempt", in Wing-Cheong Chan, Barry Wright, and Stanley Yeo, eds., Codification, Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code : the legacies and modern challenges of criminal law reform, Farnham, Surrey, England ; Burlington, VT, USA : Ashgate, c2011, xiii, 379 p., at pp.129 to approx. 154; ISBN: 9781409424420 (hardback); title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (7 November 2011);

CHATURVEDI, M.D., "The concept of criminal attempt", in K.D. Gaur, 1937-, ed., Criminal Law and Criminology, New Delhi, Deep & Deep, 2002, xx, 955 p., ISBN: 8176294101; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy of this book shows up in the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 14 July 2006);

CHRISTIE, Sarah Ann, "Impossible Attempts -- Settled at Last", (April 1997) 42(4) The Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 157-158 and 161; case of Docherty v Brown 1996 SCCR 136; 1996 SLT 325; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

CHRISTOPHER, Russell L., "Control and Desert: A Comment on Moore's View of Attempts", (1994) 5 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 111-115;

___________"Does Attempted Murder Deserve Greater Punishment than Murder? Moral Luck and the Duty to Prevent Harm", (2004) 18(2) Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy 419-435; copy at Ottawa University, K 123 .A13 N67 Location: FTX Periodicals;

__________"Tripartite Structures of Criminal Law in Germany and Other Civil Law Jurisdictions", (May 2007) 28(6) Cardozo Law Review 2675 to approx. 2696; draft paper is available at http://fletchersgrammar.com/speakersfromtheus.html (accessed on 19 July 2007);

"Code pénal européen", [2003] Revue pénitentiaire et de droit pénal 289-308;

COHEN, Michael, "The Law Commission Report on Attempt and Impossibility in Relation to Attempt, Conspiracy and Incitement. (2) Questions of Impossibility", [1980] Criminal Law Review 773-779;

___________"Letter to the Editor: Framing the Crime of Attempt", (1980) 130 New Law Journal 1102 (issue of 20 November 1980, # 5977);

COHN, Haim H., "Penal Law" in Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem, Encyclopaedia Judaica; [New York] Macmillan [c1971-72, v. 1, c1972], 16 vol., at vol. 13, pp. 222-228, and see "Attempts and Inchoate Offenses", at p. 224; note: the article is signed "H.H.C."; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Reference: DS 102.8 .E496 1972;

COLE, Kevin, "TheVoodoo We Do: Harm, Impossibility, and the Reductionist Impulse", (1994) 5 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 31-64;

COMBALDIEU, R., "Le problème de la tentative de complicité ou le hasard peut-il être arbitre de la répression?", (1959) 14 Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 454-458;

CONDE, Francisco Munoz, "'Rethinking' the Universal Structure of Criminal Law", (Summer 2004) 39(4) Tulsa Law Review 941-953;

CORBOZ, Bernard, "Éditorial: Les actes préparatoires", (1982) 35 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique 5-8;

COWLEY, David, "Attempt and Impossibility Re-considered: R. v. Shivpuri"; (1986) 50 Journal of Criminal Law 370-374;

___________"Attempt - The Problem of Proximity: R. v. Widdowson", (1987) 51 Journal of Criminal Law 25-28;

___________"Incitement and Impossibility", (1983) 47 Journal of Criminal Law 30-32;

CRAWFORD, Stanley E., "Criminal Law - Attempt - Rejection of the Doctrine of Legal Impossibility and Adoption of a New Objective Test. United States v. Oviedo", 525 F.2d 881 (5th Cir. 1976)", (1976) 4 American Journal of Criminal Law 317-333;

CREW, Michael H., "Note. Should Voluntary Abandonment Be a Defence to Attempted Crime?", (1988-89) 26 American Criminal Law Review 441-461;

"Criminal Law: Attempts (The Proximity Rule)", (1955) New Zealand Law Journal 33--36;

"Criminal Law Notebook: Attempt", (1967) 101 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 243-244;

"Criminal Law Notebook: Inchoate Crimes - Attempt", (1968) 102 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 364 (1 p. only);

CROCKER, Lawrence, "Justice in Criminal Liability: Decriminalizing Harmless Attempts", (1992) 53 Ohio State Law Journal 1057-1110;

CRYER, Robert, "Attempt" in Dinah L. Shelton, editor in Chief, Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, Vol. 1, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, at pp. 95-96, ISBN: 0028658477 (set), 0028658485 (v. 1), 0028658493 (v. 2) and 0028658507 (v. 3); copy at Bibliothèque University Saint Paul Library - Reference REF HV 6322.7 E53S44 2005; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Reference;

___________"General Principles of Liability in International Criminal Law", in Dominic McGoldrick, Peter Rowe, and Eric Donnelly, eds., The Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal and Policy Issues, Oxford (England)/Portland (Oregon): Hart Publishing, xviii, 498 p., at pp. 233-262, and see "Attempts", at pp. 253-254 (series; Studies in International Law; volume 5), ISBN: 1841132810; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KZ 6310 P47 2004;

CRYSTAL-KIRK, David, "The Actus Reus in Attempted Crimes", (1986) 150 Justice of the Peace 68-72 (issue of 1 February 1986);

CULVER, Keith, "Analyzing Criminal Attempts: Critical Notice: Criminal Attempts by R.A. Duff", (1998) 11 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 441-456; book review;

CURRAN, John W., "Criminal and Non-Criminal Attempts", (1930-31) 19 Georgetown Law Journal 185-202 and 316-337; notes: Part I has the title: "The Law Today and the Historical Development Before the Nineteenth Century". Part II has the title: "The Historical Development from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century to the Present Times";

DAMASKA, Mirjan, "Comment by Dr. Mirjan Damaska Comparing Study Draftof Proposed New Federal Criminal Code to European Penal Codes (Prof. MirjanDamaska, Professor of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, September 26, 1970)" in Working Papers of the National Commission onReform of Federal Criminal Laws, vol. 3, Washington, July 1971 at pp.1477-141505, see "Attempt" at pp. 1496-1497;

DAVIS, Michael, "Why Attempts Deserve Less Punishment Than Complete Crimes", (1986) 5 Law & Philosophy 1-32; also published by the same author in his book To Make the punishment fit the crime:essays in the theory of criminal justice, Boulder: Westview Press,1992, xiii, 265 p. at pp. 101-120, ISBN: 0813314348;

DAWKINS, K.E., "Attempting to Have in Possession", (1981) 5 Otago Law Review 172-181;

___________"Parties, conspiracies and attempts" in Neil Cameron and Simon France, eds., Essays on Criminal Law in New Zealand: TowardsReform? , Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Law Review inconjunction with Victoria University Press, 1990, [iii], 243 p.,at 117-146 (series; Victoria University of Wellington Law Review Monograph;number 3), ISBN: 0864732066;

DAWKINS, Kevin and Margaret Briggs, Criminal Law", [2007] Part 1 New Zealand Law Review 131-177, and see "The Mental Element in Attempt", at pp. 161-166; deals with R v L [2006] 3 NZLR 291 (Suprme Court);

DENNIS, Ian H.,"The Criminal Attempts Act 1981", [1982] Criminal Law Review 5-16;

___________"The Law Commission Report on Attempt and Impossibility inRelation to Attempt, Conspiracy and Incitement: (1) The Elements of Attempt", [1980] Criminal Law Review 758-772;

___________"Preliminary Crimes and Impossibility", [1978] 31 Current Legal Problems 31-54;

DERBY, Augustin, "Criminal Attempt - A Discussion of Some New York Cases", (1931-32) 9 New York University Law Quarterly Review 464-474;

DEUSNER, Edwin E., "The Doctrine of Impossibility in the Law of Criminal Attempts", (1968) 4 Criminal Law Bulletin 398-403;

DEVÈZE, Jean, "Le commencement d'exécution de l'infraction en jurisprudence", (1981) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 777-812;

Digest of criminal law cases, "Homicide -- Murder proof and evidence -- 'Desisting of one's own motion' -- Criminal Code 1899 (Qld), s. 538", (October 2005) 29(5) Criminal law Journal 317; case of R. v. Witchard; Ex parte Attorney-General (Qld) [2004] QCA 429, 12 November 2004 (Qld rep Ct CA);

DILLOF, Anthony M., Modal Retributivism: A Theory of Sanctions for Attempts and Other Criminal Wrongs (November 4, 2009). Wayne State University Law School Research Paper No. 09-25. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1499990; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1499990 (accessed on 8 November 2009);

DONNELLY, Bebhinn, "Possibly, Impossibility and Extraordinariness in Attempts", (January 2010) 23(1) The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 47-69;

DOUGLAS, G.R., "Criminal Attempts: One Down, Two to Go", (1988) 132 Solicitors Journal 552-553;

DUFF, R.A., 1945-, "Acting, Trying, and Criminal Liability" in Stephen Shute, John Gardner and Jeremy Horder, eds., Action and Valuein Criminal Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, [x], 314 p.,at pp. 75-106, ISBN: 0198258062 and 0198260792 (pbk.);

___________"Attempts and the Problem of the Missing Circumstance", (1991) Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 87-108;

___________"Auctions, Lotteries, and the Punishment of Attempts", (1990-91) 9 Law and Philosophy 1-37;

___________"The Circumstances of an Attempt", (1991) 50 Cambridge Law Journal 100-119;

___________"Duff on Attempts (September, 08 2011)" in Crime, Punishment and Responsibility: The Jurisprudence of Anthony Duff, Rowan Cruft, Matthew H. Kramer and Mark R. Reiff, eds., Oxford University Press, September 2011; San Diego Legal Studies Paper No. 11-069. Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1924575 (accessed on 14 September 2011);

___________"Recklessness in Attempts (Again)", (1995) 15 Oxford Journalof Legal Studies 309-325:

___________"Regarding Intention: The Criminal Attempts Act 1991 s. 1(3)" (1990) 12 Liverpool Law Review 161-171; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article non consulté; aucune bibliothèque dans la région d'Ottawa a ce périodique;

__________"Subjectivism, Objectivism and Attempts" in A.P. Simester and A.T.H. Smith, eds., Harm and Culpability, Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1966, xi, 280 p. at pp.19-44, ISBN: 0198260571;

DUFFY, "After Shivpuri -- What?" (1987) New Zeland Law Journal 118-119; number at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

DURAND, Bernard, "Le conseil souverain de Rouissillon et la répression de la tentative" (1976) Revue historique de Droit français et étranger 203-227;

DUTILE, Fernand N. and Harold F. Moore, "Mistake and Impossibility:Arranging a Marriage Between Two Difficult Partners", (1979) 74 Northwestern University Law Review 166-201;

DWORKIN, Gerald and David Blumenfeld, "Punishment for Intentions", (1966) 75 Mind 396-404;

EDWARDS, J.LL.J, "Notes of Cases: Criminal Attempts", (1952) 15 Modern Law Review 345-348;

ELKIND, Jerome B., "Impossibility in Criminal Attempts: A Theorist's Headache", (1968) 54 Virginia Law Review 20-36;

ENKER, Arnold N., "Impossibility in Criminal Attempts - Legality and the Legal Process", (1968-69) 53 Minnesota Law Review 665-710;

___________"Mens Rea and Criminal Attempt", [1977] American Bar Foundation Research Journal 845-879;

ERNEST, George D., "Comments: The Attempt As A Responsive Verdict", (1946-47) 7 Louisiana Law Review 127-133;

ESER, Albin, "The Principle of 'Harm' in the Concept of Crime: A Comparative Analysis of the Criminally Protected Legal Interests", (1964-65) Duquesne University Law Review 345-417;

___________ ESER, Albin, "Individual Criminal Responsibility", in Antonio Cassese, Paola Gaeta and John R.W.D. Jones, eds., The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, volume I, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, cxl, 1048 p., Chapter 20, at pp. 767-822, and see at pp. 807-818; copy at Ottawa University, FTX General: KZ 6310 .R64 2002 v. 1; available at http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/3909/pdf/Eser_Individual_criminal_responsibility.pdf (accessed on 26 January 2008);

FEINBERG, Joel, 1926-, "Equal Punishment for Failed Attempts: Some Bad but Instructive Arguments Against It", (1995) 37 Arizona Law Review117-133; also published in Joel Feinberg, Problems at the Roots of Law: Essays in Legal and Political Theory, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2003, viii, 220 p., see Essay 4, at pp. 77-102, ISBN: 0195155262, copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, K230 F45 P76 2003;;

FELLER, S.Z., and M. Kremnitzer, "Withdrawal from attempt", Israeli reports to the XII International Congress of Comparative Law / edited by Stephen Goldstein, Jerusalem : Harry Sacher Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, 1986, 427 p.; at pp. 354-367, University of Toronto Robarts Library: K/555/I86/1986; Université de Montréal, droit AAZF C749r 1986is; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet; I am not sure if article in Hebrew or English;

FERGUSON, P.W., "Attempt and Impossibility Re-considered: R. v. Shivpuri", (1986) 50 Journal of Criminal Law 374-376;

FINKELSTEIN, Claire, "No Harm No Foul? Objectivism and the Law of Attempts" (1999) 18 Law and Philosophy 69-84; Research Note: the article reviews Duff's Criminal Attempts, 1996, supra;

FLETCHER, George P., Basic Concepts of Criminal Law, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, xi, 223 p., see chapter 10,"Attempts versus Completed Offenses" at pp. 171-187, ISBN: 0195121708 and0195121716 (pbk.);

___________"Constructing a Theory of Impossible Attempts" in Patrick Fitzgerald, ed., Crime, Justice & Codification: - Essays in Commemoration of Jacques Fortin, Toronto: Carswell, 1986, [xi], 196 p. at pp. 87-113, ISBN: 0459388800; also published in (Winter/Spring 1986) 5 Criminal Justice Ethics 53-69;

___________"The Fall and Rise of Criminal Theory", (1998) 1 Buffalo Law Review 275-328, see at pp. 288-290;

___________"Legality as Privacy" in Robert L. Cunningham, ed., Liberty and the Rule of Law, College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, c1979, xi, 349 p., (series; The Texas A & M University economics series; no. 3), ISBN: 0890960569; note: Papers from a conference held in San Francisco in 1976;

FREELEY, Mary B., "Criminal Law - Supreme Court of Rhode Island Adopts Model Penal Code Definition of Criminal Attempt - State v. Latraverse, 443 A. 2d 890 (R.I. 1982)", (1983) 17 Suffolk University Law Review 339-350;

FREIJ-DALLOZ, Isabelle, "Répression de la tentative de complicité: commentaires de l'article 28 du code pénal ivoirien", (1993) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 73-85;

FRIEDMAN, David D., "Impossibility, Subjective Probability and Punishment for Attempts", (1991) 20 The Journal of Legal Studies 179-186;

GARVEY, Stephen P., "Are Attempts Like Treason?" (November 23, 2009). Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1511193; now published at (Spring 2011) 14(2) New Criminal Law Review : An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 173-212;

GAUTHIER, A., "Sur l'impunité des actes préparatoires", in Festgabe für Emil Zürcher zu seinem siebzigsten Geburtstage: 11. Juni 1920 / dargebracht von Freunden und Schülern / Mélanges. Zürcher, Emil, Bern : Stämpfli, 1920, 195 p., à la p. 1;

GERTHOFFER, "La tentative et la complicité" dans [Mélanges Patin] La Chambre criminelle et sa jurisprudence, recueil d'études en hommage à la mémoire de Maurice Patin, [Paris,] : Éditions Cujas, [1967?], 772 p. à la p. 153;

GERVASE Jr., Richard G., "Grading Criminal Attempts - A Proposed Solution for Statutory Reform in Sentencing", (1988-89) 20 Rutgers Law Journal 479-511;

GHENT, Jeffrey F., Annotation, "Comment Note. -- Impossibility of Consummation of Substantive Crimes as Defense in Criminal Prosecution for Conspiracy or Attempt to Commit Crime", (1971) 37 ALR3d 375-413 with ALR3d Supplement, June 2006, at pp. 32-35;

GILL, Brian, "Impossibility in Criminal Attempts", (1965) 10 Juridical Review 137-153;

GIVANOVITCH, Thomas, "La situation du désistement volontaire dans le système du droit criminel", (1927) 4 Revue internationale de droit pénal 187-210; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article pas encore consulté;

GLAZEBROOK, P.R., "Attempted Law Reform", (1985) 44 Cambridge Law Journal 339-341;

___________"Should We Have a Law of Attempted Crime?", (1969) 85 Law Quarterly Review 28-49;

___________"Thought Crimes: Some Afterthoughts", (1986) 45 Cambridge Law Journal 363-366;

GLEDHILL, A., "'Attempt' in Indian Criminal Law", (1955) 4 The Indian Year Book of International Affairs 304-315;

GLENN, B.H., Annotation, "Attempts to Commit Offenses of Larceny by Trick, Confidence Games, False Pretenses, and the Like", (1966) 6 ALR3d 241-292, and see also 6 ALR3d Supplement, June 2006, pp. 37-42;

GOBERT, James J., "The Fortuity of Consequence", (1993) 4 Criminal Law Forum 1-46;

GORDON, Gerald H., "Another Attempt at the Impossible R v Smith (Roger)", (August 1974) 19 The Journal of Law Society of Scotland 246, 248-253; copy at the Library of the Supreme court of Canada;

GOTI, Jaimie Malamud, "Rethinking Punishment and Luck", (2003-2004) 39 Tulsa Law Review 861-873;

GREEN, Richard D. and Daniel J. Pochoda, "Comment on Criminal Attemptand Criminal Solicitation: Section 1001 and 1003" in Working Papersof the National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, vol.1, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, xxv, 742 p., at pp.351-379; the authors' paper is dated April 10, 1968;

GRIEW, E.J., "[Commentary on] The Criminal Attempts Act 1981" (1984)1 Current Law Statutes Annotated, chapter 47, 21 p.; Research Note : contains useful references on the procededings and debates in the House of Commons, House of Lords and the Special Standing Committee;

GRUBB, Andrew, "The Criminal Attempts Act", (1982) 41 Cambridge Law Journal 21-27;

HALL, Jerome, "Criminal Attempt - A Study of Foundations of Criminal Liability", (1939-40) 49 Yale Law Journal 789-840;

HALLEVY, Gabriel, "Counter-Terrorism Law and Inchoate Offences", 17 May 2009, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1406042 (accessed on 22 May 2009);

HART, H.L.A. (Herbert Lionel Adolphus), 1907-, "The House of Lords on attempting the impossible" in C.F.H. Tapper, ed., Crime, Proof and Punishment:Essays in Memory of Sir Rupert Cross, London: Butterworths, 1981,xxvi, 336 p., essay 1 at pp. 1-20, ISBN: 0406569991; also in H.L.A. Hart, Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983, viii, 396 p., at pp. 367-391, ISBN: 0198253877 and 0198253885 (pbk.); also published in (1981) 1 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 149-166;

HASNAS, John, "Once More unto the Breach: The Inherent Liberalism of the Criminal Law and Liability for Attempting the Impossible", (2002)54(1) Hastings Law Journal 1-77; available at http://mason.gmu.edu/~jhasnas/Hasnas15.pdf (accessed on 22 May 2005);

HEATH, Peter, "Trying and attempting", (1971) Supplementary Volume XLV, 1971 [Proceedings of the] Aristotelian Society 193-208

HENNEQUIN, “Du complot, des préparatifs, de l’attentat”, (avril – septembre 1835) Revue de législation et de jurisprudence 25-31; copie à la bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;

HERLIHY, J. McR., "Attempts and Impossibility Under the Queensland Criminal Code", (1980) 11 University of Queensland Law Journal 160-167;

HERMANN, Barbara, "Feinberg on Luck and Failed Attempts", (1995) 37 Arizona Law Review 143-149;

HERSHENOV, David B., "Punishing Failed Attempts Less Severely than Successes", (December 2000) 34(4) The Journal of Value Inquiry 479-489;

HITCHLER, W.H. (Walter Harrison), 1883-, "Criminal Attempts", (1938-39) 43 Dickinson Law Review 211-223;

HOEBER, Paul R., "The Abandonment Defense to Criminal Attempt and Other Problems of Temporal Individuation", (1986) 74 California Law Review377-427;

HOGAN, Brian, "Attempting the Impossible and the Principle of Legality", (1984) 135 New Law Journal 454-456;

___________"Attempting the Impossible (Impossibility of Performance)", (1986) 10 Trent Law Journal 1-14; titre d'un article noté dans ma recherche mais pas encore consulté; ce périodique ne se trouve pas dans les bibliothèques de la région d'Ottawa;

___________"The Criminal Attempts Act and Attempting the Impossible", [1984] Criminal Law Review 584-591;

HORDER, Jeremy, "Varieties of intention, criminal attempts and endangerment", (1994) 14 Legal Studies 335-344;

HOWARD, Colin, "[Notes of Cases] More Successful Attempts" (1962) 25 ModernLaw Review 483-486;

___________"[Notes of Cases] The Successful Attempt", (1961) 24 Modern Law Review 166-170;

HOYLES, N.W., "Criminal Law: The Essentials of Crime", (1910) 46 Canada Law Journal 393-416 [Contents: "I. An Act of the Will: 1. Generally; 2. Somnambulism; 3. Hypnotism; II. Malice - Criminal Intention; III. An Attempt, or Overt Act: 1. Generally; 2. What amounts to an Attempt. 3. Some of the rules for determining whether a given act is an attempt;4. Acts done in contemplation of the Subject; IV. The ruleunder the Criminal Code"];

HUBER, B., and G. Restle, “Developments of Criminal Law in Europe”, (1994) 2(3) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 291-306, see “Attempt” at pp. 303-305;

HUBER, B., “Developments of Criminal Law in Europe: an Overview”, (1993) 1(1) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 57-80, see “Attempt” at pp. 70-71;

HUGHES, Graham, "One Further Footnote on Attempting the Impossible", (1967) 42 New York University Law Review 1005-1034;

HUMBERT, Gustave, De la tentative en droit criminel romain, Toulouse, 1863; note: "Extrait du recueil des Mémoires de l'Académie de législation de Toulouse", 1862; copy at Harvard University;

HUMBERT, Michel, "La peine en droit romain" dans La peine, Première partie: Antiquité / Punishment - First Part: Antiquity, Bruxelles: De Boeck Université, 1991, 199 p., aux pp. 133-183, voir "La tentative" aux pp.172-173 (Collection; Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l'histoire comparative des institutions; vol. 55), (series; Transactions of the Jean Bodin Society for Comparative Institutional History; vol. 55), ISBN: 2804115232;

HURD, Heidi M., "What In the World is Wrong?", (1994) 5 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 157-216;

HUSAK, Douglas, "Attempts and the Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Liability - Review of R.A. Duff, Criminal Attempts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996, 420 pp.", (1997) 8 Criminal Law Forum 293-310;

___________"The Nature and Justifiability of Nonconsumate Offenses", (1995) 37 Arizona Law Review 151-183;

IBRAHIM, D.A., "Attempts in Islamic law: Javed Iqbal v. The State", (1986) The Malayan Law Journal lxxxiv-xci; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 3 July 2006);

JACKSON, J.D., "The Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (NI) Order 1983", (1984) 35 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 274-292;

JAREBORG, Nils, 1938-, "Criminal Attempts and Moral Luck", (1993) 27 Israel Law Review 213-226;

___________"Criminal attempts and penal value", in Rättsvetenskapliga studier tillägnade Carl Hemström av professorkolleger i Uppsala, Stockholm: Iustus förlag, 1996. 346 p., at pp. 117-134, ISBN: 9176783308; title noted in my research but article not read; no copy of this book in the Canadian libraries included in the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 29 August 2004); also with the same title in Nils Jareborg, Scraps of Penal Theory, Uppsala : Iustus, 2002, 122 p. (series; Skrifter fran Juridiska fakulten i Uppsala; 90), ISBN: 9176785157; no copy of this book in the Canadian libraries included in the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 24 June 2006);

JENSEN, Ronald H,., "Reflections on on United States v. Leona Helmsley: Should 'Impossibility' Be a Defense to Attempted Income Tax Evasion", (1993) Virginia Tax Review 335-396;

- "Elements of attempt (eg)", Egyptian law; available at http://en.jurispedia.org/index.php/Elements_of_attempt_%28eg%29 (accessed on 27 July 2006);
- "Tentative d'infraction (fr)", droit français, disponible à http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Tentative_d%27infraction_%28fr%29 (visité le 27 juillet 2006);

KADISH, Sanford H., "Foreword - The Criminal Law and the Luck of the Draw", (1993-94) 84 Journal Law and Criminology 679-702;

KAPLAN, R.J., "Attempt, Solicitation, and Conspiracy Under the Proposed California Criminal Code", (1971-72) 19 University of California at Los Angeles Law Review 603-621;

KAUFMAN, David, "Joinder of Conspiracy and Attempt", (1939-40) 28 Georgetown Law Journal 608-619;

KATZ, Leo, "Why the Successful Assassin Is More Wicked than the Unsuccessful One", (2000) 88 California Law Review 791-812; see the comments by Paul H. Robinson, "Some Doubts About Argument by Hypothetical", infra ;

KEANE, Adrian, "Attempting the Impossible - The Devil We Know", (1983) 13 Hong Kong Law Journal 39-60;

KEEDY, Edwin R., "Criminal Attempts at Common Law", (1953-54) 102 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 464-489;

KEITER, Mitchell, "With Malice Toward All: The Increased Lethality of Violence Reshapes Transferred Intent and Attempted Murder Law", (2004) 38(2) University of San Francisco Law Review 261-299, and see "Attempted Murder", at pp. 282-297; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KFC 69.S352;

KELMAN, Mark, "Interpretative Construction in the Substantive Criminal Law", (1980-81) 33 Stanford Law Review 591-673, see "Impossible Attempts" at pp. 620-624; "Abandonment" at pp. 611-614 and 628-630; "Attempts at crimes unreasonably believed to be excused" at pp. 625-627; "Preparation versus attempt" at pp. 652-656;

KESSLER, Kimberley, D., "The Role of Luck in the Criminal Law", (1993-94) 142 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 2183-2237;

KEYMAN, S., "Le résultat pénal", (1968) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 781-797;

KIRALFY, Albert, "Taking the Will for the Deed: The Mediaeval Criminal Attempt", (1992) 13 Journal Legal History 95;

KOPPE, J. Melvin, "Criminal Law - Attempts - Mistake of Fact", (1936) 16 Boston University Law Review 199-204;

KRAMER, Samuel, "An Economic Analysis of Criminal Attempt: Marginal Deterrence and the Optimal Structure of Sanctions", (1990) 81 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 398- 417;

KREMNITZER, Mordechai, "Is There a Rational Justification for Punishing an Accomplished Crime more Severely than an Attempted Crime? A commenton Prof. Dr. Bjorn Burkhardt's Paper", (1990) 4 Brigham YoungUniversity Journal of Public Law 81-95;

___________"The Punishability of Impossible Attempts", (1984) 19 Israel Law Review 340-387;

LARGUIER, J., "Chroniques A. Chronique de jurisprudence. I. Droit pénal général", (1976) Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 407-413, voir "1. La notion de tentative" aux pp. 407-409;

"Law Commission and Criminal Attempts: Summary of Recommendations", (1980) 124 Solicitors Journal 476; being Part V, "Summary of Recommendations" of The Law Commission's report, Attempt, and Impossibility in Relation to Attempt, Conspiracy and Incitement, supra; Part I;

LEBLOIS-HAPPE, Jocelyne, Éric Mathias, Xavier Pin et Julien Walther, "Chronique de droit pénal allemand", (2002) 73(3-4) Revue internationale de droit pénal 1229-1259, voir "La tentative", aux pp. 1236-1240;

LEFORT, Joseph, "De la tentative des crimes impossibles", (1878) 2 Revue générale de droit, de la législation et de la jurisprudence en France et à l'étranger 159-167; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;

LÉGAL, Alfred, "Chroniques A. Chronique de jurisprudence 1. Droit pénal général", (1952) 7 Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 439, voir "1. Notion de tentative punissable" aux pp. 439-442;

___________"Chroniques A. Chronique de jurisprudence 1.Droit pénal général", (1959) 14 Revue de sciencecriminelle et de droit pénal comparé 839-847, voir "2.La notion de commencement d'exécution" aux pp. 842-844;

___________"Chroniques A. Chronique de jurisprudence 1.Droit pénal général", (1963) 18 Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 553-559, voir "1.La tentative de complicité peut-elle être retenue comme uncommencement d'exécution au sens de l'art. 2 du Code pénal?"aux pp. 553-556;

___________"Chroniques A. Chronique de jurisprudence 1.Droit pénal général", [1972] Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 97-103, voir "2. La notionde tentative punissable" aux pp. 842-844;

LÉGAL, R., "La notion de tentative punissable", (1972) 88 Revue pénale suisse 422; .

___________"La notion de tentative punissable d'après la jurisprudence française", (1963) Revue pénale suisse 293;

LEGROS, R., "Tentative, participation, désistement", Rapports belges au XIIe Congrès de l'Académie internationale de Droit Comparé, , Sydney (Australie), 18-27 août 1986, Anvers: Kluwer; Bruxelles: Émile Brylant, 1986-1988, 2 volumes, à la , p. 462; Université de Montréal, Faculté de droit, AAZF C749r 1986b v.1; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article pas encore consulté;

LEVENBROOK, Barbara Baum, 1949-, "Prohibiting Attempts and Preparations", (1980) 49 University of Missouri at Kansas City Law Review 41-63;

__________ "Review Essay / Attempts as Attacks", (1999) 18(1) Criminal Justice Ethics 52-60; Research Note: Reviews Duff's, Criminal Attempts, supra;

LEWIS, David, "The Punishment that Leaves Something to Chance", (1989) 18 Philosophy and Public Affairs 53-67;

LOFTIS, Larry B., "Criminal Law: Requiring the Same Intent for Prosecution of Criminal Attempt and the Consummated Crime", (1984) 36 University of Florida Law Review 545-550;

LUDINGTON, J.P., Annotation, "Attempts to receive stolen property", (1962) 85 ALR2d 259-261;

MADDISON, G., and A.N. Khan, "Incomplete Attempts of Crimes - I andII", (1979) 123 Solicitors Journal 465-466 and 482-483;

MAKINEN, Virpi, and Heikki Pihlajamäki, 1961-, "The Individualization of Crime in Medieval Canon Law", (October 2004) 65(4) Journal of the History of Ideas 525-542, and see pp. 535-536;

MANDILL, Daniel M., "Chance, Freedom, and Criminal Liability", (1987) 87 Columbia Law Review 125-141;

MANN, J. Thomas, "Criminal Law - Attempted Perjury - the Rules of 'Legal ' and 'Factual ' Impossibility as Applied to the Law of Criminal Attempts", (1954-55) 33 North Carolina Law Review 641-653;

MANSHARAM, C., "Attempt and Conspiracy", (1987) 1 Supreme Court Cases (Jour) 69; title noted in my research but article not consulted; title noted in my reserarch but article not consulted; published by the Eastern Book Company (India);

MARCUS, Paul, "Joint Criminal Participation: Establishing Responsibility, Abandonment", (1986) 34 American Journal of Comparative Law -- Supplement 479-490;

MARCUS, "Factual Impossibility and the Attempt to Receive Stolen Property", (1976) 51 California State Bar Journal 493; title noted in my research but article not consulted; no copy in the Ottawa area libraries covered by the AMICUS catalogue of Library and Archives Canada (verification of 3 July 2006);

MARÉ, M.C., "The Liability of the 'joiner-in' for murder", (1990) 3 South African Journal of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 24-38, and see "Liability for attempted murder", at pp. 37-38;

MARLIN, Randal., "Attempts" in Christopher Berry Gray, ed., The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia, New York Garland Publishing, 1999, 2 volumes (xxxviii, 950 p.), in vol. 1, at pp. 59-62 (series; Garlandreference library of the humanities ; vol. 1743), ISBN: 0815313446;

___________"Attempts and the Criminal Law: Three Problems", (1976) 8 Ottawa Law Review 518-535;

MARTIN, D.T., Student Notes, "The effect of impossibility on criminal attempts. A means used must be apparently suitable", (1932-3) 21 Kentucky Law Journal 198-202;

MATHIS, Stephen, "Criminal Attempts and the Subjectivism/Objectivism Debate", (2004) 17(3) Ratio Juris 328-345;

McAULEY, Finbarr, "Relational Liability in Criminal Law", (1999) 34 The Irish Jurist 100-147;

MISNER, Robert L., "The New Attempt Laws: Unsuspected Threat to the Fourth Amendment", (1980-81) 33 Stanford Law Review 201-230;

M.M.C., "Criminal Attempts", (26 September 1879) 9 Central Law Journal 257-258; observations following Wharton's article, infra;

MOORE, Michael S., "The Independent Moral Significance of Wrongdoing", (1994) 5 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 237-281;

MORFORD, Bruce, Student Notes, "Attempts, Preparation a Matter of Degree", (1932-3) 21 Kentucky Law Journal 195-198;

MORIARTY, Daniel G., "Extending the Defense of Renunciation", (1989) 62 Temple Law Review 1-59;

MORRIS, Herbert, "Punishment for Thoughts", (1965) 49 The Monist 342-376; also published in Morris' book, On Guilt and Innocence: Essays in Legal Philosophy and Moral Psychology, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976, x, 161 p., Essay 1, "Punishment for Thoughts", at pp.1-29, ISBN: 0520039440;

MORSE, Stephen J., "Reason, Results, and Criminal Responsibility", (2004) Illinois Law Review 363-444;

MOURULLO, "La punition des actes préparatoires dans le droit pénal espagnol", (1967) 38 Revue internationale de droit pénal 77-120;

NAGEL, Thomas, "Moral Luck", (1971) Supplementary Volume XLV, 1971 [Proceedings of the] Aristotelian Society 137-151; also published in Nagel's book, Mortal Questions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, xiii, 213 p., essay 3 at pp. 24-38, ISBN: 052122360 and 0521294606 (paperback);

NICOLINI, Niccola, 1772-1857, PDF

"De la tentative", (1861) Tome xix -- 11^e année Revue critique de législation et de jurisprudence 217-264; pdf et internet complétés le 26 août 2007; la suite à 1862, p. 472; traduction de Lacointa;

NOONE, Michael, "Preliminary Crimes: The Reform of Attempt and Conspiracy in Papua New Guinea", (1974) 2 Melanesian Law Journal 66-90;

"Notes. Criminal Attempt, Conspiracy, and Solicitation Under the Criminal Code Reform Bill of 1978", (1978-79) 47 George Washington Law Review 550-572; no author mentioned;

"Notes. Effects of the New Illinois Criminal Code on Prosecutions for Inchoate Crimes", [1963] Washington University Law Quarterly 508-522 (no author mentioned);

"Notes of the Week", (1980) 144 Justice of the Peace 533-537,see "Attempt" at pp. 534-536 (comments on the "challenging areas of dificulties" of The Law Commission, Attempt, and Impossibility in Relationto Attempt, Conspiracy and Incitement, supra; Part I);

OCHALLA, Kevin John, "When Does the Crime of Attempted Genocide Begin and When Does the Crime of Attempted Genocide Become Genocide?", April 2000; available at http://www.nesl.edu/center/wcmemos/ochalla.htm (accessed on 21 October 2005); note: New England School of Law International War crimes Project Rwanda Genocide Prosecution;

O'DAY, Ken, "Some Thoughts on Joel Feinberg's Modest Proposal: Is It Really Such a Modest Proposal After All?", (1995) 37 Arizona Law Review 243-249;

O'DONNELL, James, "Comment: Problems with the Texas Penal Code", (1974) 11 Houston Law Review 1229-1249, see "Impossibility as a Defense to Attempt" at pp. 1242-1248;

OEHLER, Dietrich, "Attempted Crimes", (1976) 24 The American Journal of Comparative Law 694-702;

OJUKWU, Chudi Nelson, "Attempts: The Nigerian Perspective", (2002) 13(2) Criminal Law Forum 225-244;

ORCHARD, G.F., Case and Comment, "Impossibility and Inchoate Crimes -- Another hook in a red herring. R v Sew Hoy (Court of Appeal, 10 September 1993, CA 180/93)", [December 1993] New Zealand Law Journal 426-427; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KTC O.B887;

___________"Impossibility and the Inchoate Crimes", [1978] New Zealand Law Journal 403-413;

OVEN, G.J.W. von, "Attempt and Abandonment where there are several participants in the Commission of a Crime", in P.H.M. Gerver, E.H. Hondius, G.J.W. Steenhoff, eds., Netherlands Reports to the Twelft International Congress of Comparative Law, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Instituut, 1987, viii, 325 p. at pp. 297-307, ISBN: 9067040436; copy at McGill University, Nahum Gelber Law Library, K;555;I57;1986e law; copy at Laval University, K 555 C749 1986n; title noted in my reesearch but article not consulted yet;

OXLEY, Leo, "When Does Preparation for Crime Become A Criminal Attempt?", (1944) 32 Kentucky Law Journal 207-212;

PAIN, J.H., "Some Reflections on our Criminal Law", (1960) Acta Juridica 289-311, and see "Attempt", at pp. 310-311;

PALMER, Phil, "Attempt by Act or Omission: Causation and the Problemof the Hypothetical Nurse", (1999) 63 The Journal of Criminal Law158-165;

PANDE, B.B., "An Attempt on 'Attempt' — The case of State v. Mohd. Yakub", (1984) 2 Supreme Court Cases (Jour) 42; title noted in my research but article not consulted; title noted in my reserarch but article not consulted; published by the Eastern Book Company (India);

PARKER, Richard, "Blame, Punishment and the Role of Result", (1984) 21 American Philosophical Quarterly 269-276;

PEIRIS, G.L., "Liability for inchoate crime in commonwealth law", (1984) 4 Legal Studies 30-66;

PELSER, Caroline M., "Preparations to Commit a Crime: The Dutch Approach to Inchoate Offences", (December 2008) 4(3) Utrecht Law Review 57-80; available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1319387 (accessed on 3 January 2009);

PERKINS, Rollin M., "An Analysis of Assault and Attempts to Assaults", (1962-63) 47 Minnesota Law Review 71-91;

___________"Criminal Attempt and Related Problems", (1954-55) 2 University of California Los Angeles Law Review 319-355;

PERLMAN, Mark, "Punishing Acts and Counting Consequences", (1995) 37 Arizona Law Review 227-241;

PICKERING, A.L., "Attempts to Commit Crime", (1932-33) 6 Australian Law Journal 210-213;

PINATEL, V., "La théorie de la tentative devant la criminologie et les sciences de l'homme" 14 Annales de la Faculté de droit de l'Université aristotélienne de Thessalonique 246; aussi dans Mélanges Karanikas, 1966; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non consulté;

POLIQUIN, Beth Anne, "State v. Grant: Is Intent an Essential Elementof Criminal Attempt in Maine", (1982) 34 Maine Law Review 479-494;

PONSOLDT, James F., " Clarifying the Attempt to Monopolize Offense As an Alternative to Protectionist Legislation: The Conditional Relevance of Dangerous Probability of Success", (1986) 61 Notre Dame Law Review 1109-1145;

PRADEL, Jean, "Tentative et abandon en cas de pluralité de participants à la commission du crime", (1986) 38 Revue internationale de droit comparé 735-747;

PREIS, John F., "The Edges of Exculpation in Entrapment Cases", (1999) 6 Vanderbilt Law Review 1869-1909; the author discusses impossible attempt and entrapment;

1re Conférence d'unification du droit pénal (Varsovie, 1er-5 novembre 1927) Actes de la conférence, publiés sous la direction de m. le prof. Emil-Stanislaw Rappaport ... et avec le concours de m. Vespasien V. Pella ... par Michel Potulicki ... secrétaire général adjoint de la conférence, Paris: RecueilSirey, 1929; copy at the US Library of Congress;

REBUT, Didier, "Tentative", Encyclopédie juridique Dalloz - Répertoire de droit pénal et de procédure pénale, tome VI, article publié en juin 1999, 11 p.;

Recent cases, "Criminal Law - Attempts -Degree of Proximity of Overt Acts Necessary to Constitute Attempt", (1928) 12 Minnesota Law Review 658-660;

RIBEIRO, Robert A., "Criminal Liability for Attempting the Impossible -- Lady Luck and the Villains", (1979) 4 Hong Kong Law Journal 109-132;

ROBINSON, Paul H., "Competing Theories of Justification: Deeds Versus Reasons", in A.P. Simester and A.T.H. Smith, eds., Harm and Culpability, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996, viii, 280 p., atpp. 44-70 (series; Oxford monographs in criminal law and justice), ISBN: 0198260571; available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=10142 and DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.10142 (accessed on 26 March 2008);

___________"A Functional Analysis of Criminal Law", (1994) 88 Northwestern University Law Review 857-913, and see pp. 890-896; also published in Thomas Morawetz, 1942-, ed., Criminal Law, 2nd ed., Aldershot (England): Darmouth, Ashgate, 2000, xvi, 478 p. at pp. 3-59 (series; The international library of essays in law and legal theory; 2nd ser.; volume 5), ISBN: 184014775X; available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=662024 (accessed on 26 March 2008);

___________"Some Doubts About Argument by Hypothetical", (2000) 88 California Law Review 813-825; comments on Katz, supra; available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=662061 (accessed on 26 March 2008);

ROBINSON, Paul H. and Jane A. Grall, "Element Analysis in Defining Criminal Liability: The Model Penal Code and Beyond", (1983) 35 Stanford Law Review 681-762, see "Element Analysis in Attempt" at pp. 744-751; available at available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=662025 (accessed on 26 March 2008);

ROBBINS, Ira P., "Attempting the Impossible: The Emerging Consensus", (1986) 23 Harvard Journal on Legislation 377- 443;

___________"Double Inchoate Crimes", (1989) 26 Harvard Journal on Legislation 1-116;

ROGERS, Audrey, "New Technology, Old Defenses: Internet Sting Operations and Attempt Liability", (2003-2004) 38 University of Richmond Law Review 477-523;

ROGERS, Showell, "Some recent decisions concerning attempt and intent", (1894) 10 Law Quarterly Review 161-175;

ROTENBERG, Daniel L., "Withdrawal as a Defense to Relational Crimes", [1962] Wisconsin Law Review 596-607;

ROUJOU DE BOUBÉE, Gabriel, "La genèse de l'acte infractionnel" in Colloque de science criminelle (Toulouse 1969), Confrontation de la théorie générale de la responsabilité pénale avec les données de la criminologie / travaux du Colloque de science criminelle (Toulouse, 30, 31 janvier, 1er février 1969), Paris : Dalloz, 1969, iii, 198 p. aux pp. 61-79 (Collection; Institut de criminologie et de sciences pénales de la Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques de Toulouse); copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, HV 6010 .C53 1969 FTX;

ROWELL, M.S., "Impossible Attempts - An Alternative Solution", (1978) 128 New Law Journal 716-719;

ROZES, Louis, "L'infraction consommée", [1975] Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 603-632;

RYU, Paul Kichyun, "Contemporary Problems of Criminal Attempts", (1957) 32 New York University Law Review 1170-1201;

SACHS, Joshua, "Is Attempt to Commit Voluntary Manslaughter a Possible Crime?", (1982) 71 Illinois Bar Journal 166-172;

SADASIVAN NAIR, G., "Criminal Attempt in India", (1979) 3 Cochin University Law Review 17; this periodical is from India; title noted in my research but not consulted yet; no copy of this periodical in the Ottawa region libraries;

SALEILLES, R., "Essai sur la tentative et plus particulièrement sur la tentative irréalisable (Étude de Droit Pénal Comparé)", (1897) 21 Bulletin de la Societé générale des prisons 53-88 et 321-357; copie à l'Université de Montréal;

SAMUELS, Alec, "Conditional Intent and Attempting the Impossible - Letting the Wicked Escape", (1979) 143 Justice of the Peace 187-190;

___________"Criminal Attempts Act 1981", (1981) 125 Solicitors Journal 615-617; Research Note: contains useful references to the British Standing Committee that examined the Bill;

___________"The Sentence for Attempt", (13 October 1984) 148(41) Justice of the Peace 643-644; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

SAVEY-CASARD, "Le repentir actif en droit pénal français", [1972] Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 515-536;

SAYRE, Francis Bowes, 1885-1972, "Criminal Attempts", (1927-28) 41 Harvard Law Review 821-859;

SCHACHAR, Yoram, "The Fortuitous Gap in Law and Morality", (Summer/Fall 1987) 6(2) Criminal Justice Ethics 12-36;

SCHULLHOFER, Stephen J., and Dan M. Kahan, "Attempt", in Joshua Dressler, editor in chief, Encyclopedia of crime & justice, 2nd ed., New York : Macmillan Reference USA, c2002, 4 v. (xxxvi, 1780 p.), in vol. 1, at pp. 85-92, ISBN : 002865319X (for set of 4 volumes) and 0028653203 (v. 1 );

SCHULLHOFER, Stephen J., "Attempt" in S.H. Kadish, editor, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, vol. 1 of 4, New York: The Free Press, 1983, at pp. 91-97, ISBN: 0029181100 (set);

___________"Harm and Punishment: A Critique of Emphasis on the Results of Conduct in the Criminal Law", (1973-74) 122 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1497-1607; see "Incentive to Desist" at pp. 1519-1522;

SCHURMAN, Isabel J., "Attempted murder" in National criminal law program (2001 : Charlottetown, P.E.I.), ed., National criminal law program / The Federation of Law Societies of Canada, Charlottetown : Federation of Law Societies, 2001, in vol. 2 of 2; copy at Department of Justice Canada, Prairies Region, Edmonton Office, Law Library, call number: KF 9655 N36 2001;

SEGONDS, Marc, "Tentative (Art. 121-4 et 121-5)", 2002, 18 p., in Juris-Classeur pénal, Paris: Éditions du Juris-Classeur, vol. 1, copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, bibliothèque de droit, FTX, General, KJV 7979 .J87 v. 1;

SELFE, David W., "Attempting the impossible: recent developments in the House of Lords", (1987) 9 Liverpool Law Review 69-80; titre noté dans ma recherche mais article non consulté; aucune bibliothèque dans la région d'Ottawa a ce périodique;

SHAFER-LANDAU, Russ, "[Book review of] Feinberg, Joel, Problems at the Root of Law, Oxford University Press, 2002, 232 p., $45.00 (hbk.), ISBN: 0195155262", Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2003.09.05, available at http://ndpr.icaap.org/content/archives/2003/9/shafer-landau-feinberg.html (accessed on 6 February 2004);

SHAVELL, Steven, "Deterrence and the Punishment of Attempts", (1990) 19 Journal of Legal Studies 435-466;

__________ "Two Topics on Criminal Law: Specific v. General Enforcement; A Theory of Attempts", Toronto: University of Toronto, Faculty of Law,Law and Economics Programme, 1989, 33, 39 p. (series; Law and Economicsworkshop series; WS 1988-89 (13)); copy at the University of Ottawa; 39p. for the part of the publication on attempt;

SHELDON, David, "Impossible Attempts and other Oxymorons: Docherty v Brown", (1997) 1(2) Edinburgh Law Review; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet (13 July 2006);

SHIELDS, Marjorie A., "Attempt to Commit Assault as Criminal Offense", (2001) 93 ALR5th 683-701; ALR = American Law Reports; copy at the library of the Supreme Court of Canada;

SHUE, T., "Attempting to Define an Attempt - of Method and Substance:P.P. v. Kee Ah Bah", (1979) 21 Malaya Law Review 128-134;

SIEG, Robert M., "Attempted Possession of Child Pornography — A Proposed Approach for Criminalizing Possession of Child Pornographic Images of Unknown Origin", (2004-2005) 36 The University of Toledo Law Review 263-272;

SIMON, "Sur les cas de délit manqué", (1949) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 317 et Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (1950) 136; titre noté dans mes recherces mais article non consulté; aucune copie de ce volume 1949 dans les bibliothèques de la région d'Ottawa;

SIMONS, Kenneth W., "Mistake and Impossibility, Law and Fact, and Culpability: A Speculative Essay", (1990-91) 81 The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 447-517;

SIMS, P.B.A., "The Actus Reus in Criminal Law Attempts", (1955) 18 The Modern Law Review 620-623;

SINGH, Mool, "Law Relating to Attempts: Need for a Fresh Look", (1991) 33 Journal of the Indian Law Institute 395-409; copy at the University of Ottawa, FTX Periodicals, KPN 0 .J695;

SIRKIN, Pamela, "The Evanescent Actus Reus Requirements: California Penal Code S 647(d) - Criminal Liability for `Loitering with Intent...`Is Punishment for Merely Thinking Certain Thoughts While LoiteringConstitutional?", (1990)19 Southwestern University Law Review 165-203,see "Criminal Attempts" at pp. 195-198;

SKILTON, Robert H., "The Mental Element in a Criminal Attempt", (1936-37) 3 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 181-190;

___________"The Requisite Act in Criminal Attempt", (1936-37) 3 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 308-319;

SMITH, J.C., "Attempts, impossibility and the test of rational motivation", in L.C.B. Gower, ed., Auckland Law School centenary lectures, Auckland (N.Z.): Legal Research Foundation, 1983, at pp. 25-44; title noted in my research but article not consulted (27 April 2007);

___________"Case and Comment: Attempt - Impossibility - s. 1....", [1986] Criminal Law Review 536-542;

___________"RAPE. Consent -- meaning of 'reckless' -- Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1976, s. 1 ... R. v. Pigg Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)...February 5, 1982", [1982] Criminal law Review 446-450 with commentary at pp. 447-450 and see "Attempts and recklessness", at pp. 449-450;

___________"Success and Failure in Criminal Attempts", [1961] Criminal Law Review 436-451;

___________"Two Problems in Criminal Attempts", (1956-57) 70 Harvard Law Review 422-448;

___________"Two Problems in Criminal Attempts Re-Examined - I", [1962] Criminal Law Review 135-144;

___________"Two Problems in Criminal Attempts Re-Examined - II", [1962] Criminal Law Review 212-222;

SMITH, K.J.M., "Macaulay's Utilitarian Penal Code: An Illustration of the Accidental Function of Time, Place and personalities in Law Making" in British Legal History Conference (9th : 1989 : Glasgow, Scotland) and W.M. Gordon and T.D. Fergus, eds., Legal history in the making : Proceedings of the Ninth British Legal History Conference, Glasgow, 1989, London; Rio Grande, Ohio : Hambledon Press, 1991, [viii], 216 p. at pp. 145-164, ISBN: 185285054X; copy at the University of Ottawa, General, KD 506 .B74 1989;

___________"An Objectivist's Account of Criminal Attempts [Book review of R.A. Duff, Criminal Attempts, supra]", (1998) 61 Modern Law Review 438-450;

___________"Proximity in attempt: Lord Lane's 'midway course'", [1991] Criminal Law Review 576-582;

___________"Withdrawal from Criminal Liability for Complicity and Inchoate Offences", (1983) 12 Anglo-American Law Review 200-219;

SMITH, Richard M., Recent Decisions, "Criminal Law -- Attempt -- Factual Impossibility as a Defense", (1960-61) 15 Arkansas Law Review 206-208;

SNEATH, G.R., Case Note, "The Attempt to Draft a Definition of a Criminal 'Attempt': Criminal Attempts Act 1981, s. 1: A Note on Anderson v. Ryan [1985] 2 All E.R. 335 H.L.", (1985) Statute Law Review 175-176;

SOBEL, Nathan R., "The Anticipatory Offences in the New Penal Law: Solicitation, Conspiracy, Attempt and Facilitation", (1965-66) 32 Brooklyn Law Review257-273;

SPENCER, J.N., "Criminal Attempts", (1982) 46 Journal of Criminal Law 238-241;

SPITÉRI, Pierre, "L'infraction formelle", (1966) 21 Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé 497-520;

SPJUT, R.J., "When is an Attempt to Commit an Impossible Crime a Criminal Act?", (1987) 29 Arizona Law Review 247-279;

STALLYBRASS, W.T.S., "A comparison of the general principles of criminal law in England with the 'progretto definitivo di un nuovo codice penale' of Alfredo Rocco", (1932) 14 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 45-61 and (1933) 15 Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 232-241; also with the same title in L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner, eds., The Modern Approach to Criminal Law, London: University of Cambridge, 1945, x, 511 at pp. 390-466, and see on attempt, pp. 400-402 (series; English Studies in Criminal Science, Department of Criminal Science, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge; volume iv);

STANNARD, John E., "Making up for the missing element - a sideways look at attempts", (1987) 7 Legal Studies 194-204;

STERN, Craig A., "Crime, Moral Luck and the Sermon on the Mount", (1999) 48 Catholic Unievrsity Law Review 801-842;

STRAHORN, John S., "The Effect of Impossibility on Criminal Attempts", (1929-30) 78 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 962-998;

___________"Preparation for Crime As a Criminal Attempt", (1939) 1 Washington and Lee Law Review 1-30;

STUART, Don, "The Actus Reus in Attempts", [1970] Criminal Law Review 505-526;

___________"Mens Rea, Negligence and Attempts", [1968] Criminal Law Review 647-662;

SULLIVAN, G.R., "Crossing the Rubicon in Miami", (1978) 41 Modern Law Review 215-219;

SVERDLIK, Steven "Crime and Moral Luck", (1988) 25 American Philosophical Quarterly 79-86; also published in Michael J. Gorr and Sterling Harwood, eds., Controversies in criminal law : philosophical essays on responsibility and procedure, Boulder: Westview Press, 1992, xii, 273 p., at p. 68, ISBN: 0813314836 and 0813314844 (pbk.);

TADROS, Victor, "Obligations and Outcomes", in M. Reiff, M. Kramer and C. Cruft, eds., Crime, Punishment and Responsibility, Oxford: Ocford University Press, 2011, 408 p., ISBN: 978-0-19-959281-4; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet, 1 November 2011;

TEDESCHI, Mark. "[Case and Comment] Attempts - Impossibility. GULYAS & GULYAS, New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal: Street C.J., Lee and Grove, J.J.: 2 May 1985 ((1985) 2 N.S.W.L.R. 260)", (1985) 9 Criminal Law Journal 368-372;

TEMKIN, Jennifer and Graham Zellick, "Attempts in English Criminal Law", (1973-74) 1 Dalhousie Law Journal 581-596;

TEMKIN, Jennifer, "Impossible Attempts - Another View", (1976) 39 The Modern Law Review 55-69;

___________"When Is a Conspiracy Like an Attempt - And Other Impossible Questions", (1978) 94 Law Quarterly Review 534-556;

TEWARI, R.B., "Attempt", in S. Govindarajulu, ed., Essays on the Indian Penal Code: published on the occasion of the centenary of the Indian Penal Code, Bombay: N.M. Tripathi, 1962, pp. 107-116; title noted in my research but article not consulted (27 April 2007);

T.K.H. III, Notes, "Reforming the Law of Inchoate Crimes", (1973) 59 Virginia Law Review 1235-1269, and on attempt, see pp. 1235-1247;

TRIM, Roger, "Comments: Criminal Attempts: Linguitic Equations and Scholastic Camps", (1969-70) 47 Journal of Urban Law 841-867;

TSELENTIS, M., and J.H. Friedman, "Criminal Attempt: A Reappraisal", (1969) 2 Responsa Meridiana 59; titre noté dans mes recherches; article non consulté; aucune copie de ce périodique dans les bibliothèques de la région d'Ottawa; copie à l'Université McGill, Bibliothèque de droit Nahum Gelber/McGill University, Hahum Gelber Law Library;

TURNER, J.W. Cecil, "Attempts to Commit Crimes" (1933-35) 5 Cambridge Law Journal 230; also published in L. Radzinowicz and J.W.C. Turner,eds., The Modern Approach to Criminal Law, London and New York:Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1945, ix, 511p., at pp. 273-291 (Series; Departmentof Criminal Science, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, English Studiesin Criminal Science; vol. 4); (Series; Cambridge studies in criminology.v. 4); there is also a reprint of that book by: Nendeln, Liechtenstein:Kraus Reprints, 1969;

ULLMANN, W., "The Reasons for Punishing Attempted Crimes", (1939) 51 Juridical Review 353-364;

UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION, Guideline Manual, § 3E1.1 (November 2003), available at http://www.ussc.gov/2003guid/2003guid.pdf; see Table of Contents and do word search;

VAN DER LANDEN, D., "Résolutions votées lors des congrès de l'Union internationale de droit pénal (Ordre chronologique)", (1990) 61 Revue internationale de droit pénal 341-353;

VARINARD, André, "La théorie de l'infraction impossible: vers la disparition d'un mythe doctrinal" dans Mélanges offerts à Albert Chavanne - droit pénal propriété industrielle, Paris: Litec, xxii, 328 p. aux pp. 165-178, ISBN: 2711109607;

VIENNOIS, Maurice., "Tentative Art. 121-4 et 121-5", Juris-Classeur pénal, 1994, 19 p.;

VILLEY, Edmond, "Du délit impossible", (1877-78) La France Judiciaire - Première partie: études historiques et juridiques 185-195; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada;

VON HIRSCH, A., "Extending the Harm Principle: 'Remote' Harms and Fair Imputation" in A.P. Simester and A.T.H. Smith, eds., Harm and Culpability ,Oxford: Oxord University Press, 1996, xi, 280 p. at pp.259-276, ISBN: 0198260571;

WAIBLINGER, Max, "La tentative I: Généralités", fiche numéro 1199, 12 p., 1er octobre 1957; "La tentative II", fiche numéro 1200, 12 p., 1er octobre 1957; "La tentative III:Le délit impossible", fiche numéro 1201, 12 p., 1er octobre1957 dans Les Fiches juridiques suisses: documentation fédéraleet cantonale de pratique juridique, économique, sociale et fiscale,publiée sur fiches constamment tenues à jour, Genève: Fiches juridiques suisses, 1941-, (il se peut qu'il y ait des fiches plus à jour car lors de ma vérification, j'ai constaté que la bibliothèque Fauteux, de l'Université d'Ottawa ne tenait plus ces fiches à jour depuis le début de 1993);

WALUCHOW, W.J., “On Criminal Attempts,” in Matthew H. Kramer, ed., 1959-, Rights, Wrongs and Responsibilities, New York: Palgrave, 2001, xv, , 247 p., ISBN: 0333963296;

WASIK, Martin, "Abandoning Criminal Intent", [1980] Criminal Law Review 785-795;

WATTERS, Elizabeth Jean, Comment, "State v. Collins: Is the Impossible Now Possible in Ohio?, (1990) 51 Ohio State Law Journal 307-324;

WECHSLER, Herbert, William Kenneth Jones and Harold L. Korn, "The Treatment of Inchoate Crimes in the Model Penal Code of the American Law Institute: Attempt, Solicitation, and Conspiracy", (1961) 61 Columbia Law Review 571-628 and 957-1030; on attempt, see pp. 571-628 and 1022-1025;

WEIGEND, Thomas, "Why Lady Eldon Should be Acquitted: The Social Harmin Attempting the Impossible", (1977-78) 27 DePaul Law Review231-273;

WEINSTEIN, Seth, "Supreme Court Watch -- Williams: HIV and the Criminal Law", (2003) 24(3) For the Defence -- Criminal Lawyers Association Newsletter 35-37;

WEISMAN, Peter and Steffen Graae, "Comment Statutory Proposal on Inchoate Crimes", (1979) 22 Howard Law Journal 217-242;

WEISS, Deborah, "Note, Scope, Mistake, and Impossibility: The Philosophy of Language and Problems of Mens Rea", (1983) 83 Columbia Law Review 1029-1064;

WESSON, Marianne, "Mens Rea and the Colorado Criminal Code", (1980-81) 52 University of Colorado Law Review 167-221, see "Attempt" at pp. 202-205;

___________"Is Intent Constitutive of Wrongdoing?", in M. Reiff, M. Kramer and C. Cruft, eds., Crime, Punishment and Responsibility, Oxford: Ocford University Press, 2011, 408 p., ISBN: 978-0-19-959281-4; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet, 1 November 2011;

WHARTON, Francis, "Attempts", (18 July 1879) 9 Central Law Journal 42-45; "Unsuitability of Means" at pp. 42-44 and "Attempts on Unsuitable Objects" at pp. 44-45; see observations following this article by M.M.C., supra;

WHITE, Dorcas, "Attempts: Initiatives in the Common Law Carribbean", [1978] Criminal Law Review 780-784;

WHITNEY, A. Grant, "Criminal Law - The Trend Away from Legal Impossibility as a Defense", (1978) 14 Wake Forest Law Review 243-258;

"Why Do Criminal Attempts Fail? A New Defense", (1960-61) 70 Yale Law Journal 160-169; no author mentioned; however, I have read elsewhere that the author-student is Alan Dershowitz;

- "Attempt", available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempt (accessed on 19 July 2006);
- "Attempted Murder", available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_murder (accessed on 19 July 2006);

WILLIAMS, C.R., "Attempt and Abandonment Where There Are Several Participants in the Commission of a Crime" in Law and Australian legal thinking in the 1980s : a collection of the Australian contributions to the 12th International Congress of Comparative Law held at the University of Sydney and Monash University, Melbourne, 18-27 August, 1986, prepared by Alice E.-S.Tay on behalf of the Organising Committee, [Sydney?]: The Committee,1986, xv, 657 p., at pp. 603-615;

WILLIAMS, Glanville, "Attempting the Impossible - A Reply", (1980) 22 Criminal Law Quarterly 49-57;

___________"Attempting the impossible - the last round?" (1985) 135 The New Law Journal 337-338 and 347-348 (issue of 5 April 1985);

___________"Attempts and 'Mere Preparation'", (1981) 145 Justice of the Peace 588-590 (issue of 3 October 1981);

___________"Compounding the Confusion in Inchoate Offences", (1978)128 The New Law Journal 724-727 (issue of 27 July 1978);

___________"Criminal Law - Attempting the Impossible", (1974)33 Cambridge Law Journal 31-36;

___________"Framing the Crime of Attempt - A Reply", (1980) 130 New Law Journal 968-969 (issue of 23 October 1980, #5973);

___________"The Government's Proposals on Criminal Attempts [- I]" (1981) 131 The New Law Journal 80-81 (issue of 22 January 1981, # 5985);

___________"The Government's Proposals on Criminal Attempts - II" (1981) 131 The New Law Journal 104-106 (issue of 29 January 1981, # 5986);

___________"The Government's Proposals on Criminal Attempts - III" (1981) 131 The New Law Journal 128-130 (issue of 5 February 1981, # 5987);

___________"Hijacking the Legality Principle", (1986) 136 The New Law Journal 303-304 (issue of 4 April 1986);

___________"Intents in the Alternative", (1991) 50 Cambridge Law Journal 120-130;

___________"The Lords Achieve the Logically Impossible", (1985)135 The New Law Journal 502-505 (issue of 24 May 1985);

___________"The Lords and Impossible Attempts, or Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?", (1986) 45 Cambridge Law Journal 33-83;

___________"Police Control of Intending Criminals [Part I]", [1955] Criminal Law Review 66-75;

___________"The Problem of Reckless Attempts", [1983] Criminal Law Review 365-375;

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