-
Somalia
Inquiry & Government Reaction
- 1995-1997: Somalia Inquiry
- Departmental
Reaction to Somalia Inquiry
- Special
Advisory Group on Military Justice and Military
Police Investigation Services
January 1997 to July 1997 -
The Special Senate Committee on the Canadian
Airborne Regiment in Somalia (April 1997)
- Report to the Prime Minister on the
Leadership and Management of the Canadian Forces (March 1997)
- Minister's
Monitoring Committee on Change in the Department of
National Defence and the Canadian Forces (October 1997 to
1999)
- Bill
C-25--An Act to amend
the National Defence Act and to make consequential
amendments to other Acts (Royal
Assent, 10 December 1998)
- 2003 -- Five Year Review of Bill C-25
- 2011 -- Second Five Year Review of
Bill C-25
Image
source: http://www.orielchambers.co.uk/barrister/harry-east,
accessed 6 March 2016
Harry East
EAST, Harry, Permission to Die: An Examination of the Law and
Morality of Batllefield Mercy Killing, Ph.D. thesis,
Southampton University, c. 2013, [xii], 312 p. (thesis supervisor:
Hazel Biggs); deals with Canadian law and Semrau; available at
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354406/3.hasCoversheetVersion/Final%20PhD%20thesis%20-%20Harry%20East%20%281%29.pdf
(accessed on 10 August 2014);
Major Darja Eastlake is
the Deputy Judge Advocate of CFB Gagetown. Her career in
the Canadian Forces began in 1988
when she joined the Reserves. Much of her career in the
Reserves focused on human intelligence and she was
deployed
twice to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 1993, Major Eastlake began her undergraduate studies in
languages at the University of Toronto. Upon finishing her
degree, she became a Police Officer with the Halton
Regional Police Service and later with the Toronto Police
Service.
Major Eastlake began her studies in law at the University
of Windsor in 2001. She articled with the Federal
Department
of Justice, completing rotations in Civil Litigation, Tax,
Aboriginal Law, and Prosecutions. She was called t o the
Alberta
Bar in 2006. Upon moving to New Brunswick in 2007, she
joined our provincial bar.
That same year, Major Eastlake became a member of the
Regular Forces as a Legal Officer. In 2008, she was posted
as
the Deputy Judge Advocate for the Combat Training Centre
and later as the Deputy Judge Advocate for 3 ASG/CFB
Gagetown
in July 2011. She returned to this position after
deployment onboard the HMCS Vancouver for operations off
the coast of Libya.
(source: 2012 Annual International Humanitarian Law
Conference, www.unb.ca/fredericton/law/_resources/pdfs/news/2011/ilsconf.pdf;
accessed 16 April 2015)
EBERLE, Donald C., Conscription Policy, Citizenship and
Religious Conscientious Objectors in the United States and
Canada during World War One, A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial
fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, August 2013, viii, 499 p.; available at https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1371657052&disposition=inline
(accessed 4 July 2016); note: He is Adjunct Instructor at Northwest
State Community College
In democratic societies, governments often assume
extraordinary powers during wartime, thus redefining,
at least temporarily, the
relationship between citizens and the State. During
the First World War, the democratic governments of the
United States and
Canada conscripted their citizens to fight on the
distant battlefields of Western Europe. Conscription
created unique challenges for
both governments as a number of eligible men, in both
Canada and the United States, refused to recognize
their government's
authority to compel them to take up arms. Though the
number of conscientious objectors was rather small,
they were a remarkably
diverse group that was highly visible. This created
challenges for policy makers. The war would not wait
and these almost
unprecedented conscription policies was being made and
revised even as they were being implemented.
The war years were a difficult time to oppose
government policy as both Canada and the United States
employed impassioned
rhetoric and expanded coercive powers to encourage all
citizens, and resident aliens, to give the government
their full cooperation.
The young men who would later become religious
conscientious objectors were peaceful, industrious and
law abiding. They were
generally considered to be highly valued members of
society. The war, and specifically conscription,
changed this positive perception.
Complicating matter even further was the fact that
many conscientious objectors were German immigrants,
or the descendents of
German immigrants. They frequently read and spoke
German, often more fluently than they read or spoke
English. These men, and
their co-religionists, were now viewed as unpatriotic,
untrustworthy, ignorant and dangerous.
This dissertation examines the manner in which
conscientious objectors challenged, either directly or
indirectly, the basic authority
of the state. It explores how conscientious objectors
were identified as a threat, and how the governments
of Canada and the United
States tried to contain that threat. It also examines
the ways in which citizenship was a contested and
evolving concept in both Canada
and the United States during the war, and particularly
during the period of conscription, especially for
recent immigrants and their
descendants whose ethnic background and religious
beliefs made them a highly visible minority and set
them apart from the dominant culture.
Examining conscription policy, and how it applied to
conscientious objectors, during this particular moment
in history not only
sheds greater light upon the creation and
implementation of conscription policies, but is
crucial to answering larger questions about
cultural attitudes in the United States and Canada
toward vulnerable and marginalized populations. These
issues remain highly relevant
as both the United States and Canada become more
diverse and continue to attract large numbers of
immigrants.
(source: https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:bgsu1371657052,
accessed 3 October 2016)
Image
source:
http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/253551.Crime_And_Punishment_In_The_Royal_Navy_Of_The_Seven_Years_War_1755_1763,
accessed 3 January 2016
EDER, Markus, 1967-, Crime and punishment in the Royal
Navy of the Seven Years' War, 1755-1763, Aldershot,
Hampshire, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, c2004, vi, 200 p. ;
24 cm. NOTES: Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-194) and
index. ISBN: 0754635074 (alk. paper); copy at the University of
Ottawa, Brian Dickson Law Library
FTX GeneralKD 6320 .E33 2004; noted but
not consulted yet (3 January 2016);
Arthur Eggleton: image source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
EGGLETON, Arthur, "In defence of change", The Ottawa Citizen,
Wednesday, 3 November, 1999, p. A19; the Hon. Eggleton is Minister
of National Defence;
___________Testimony of the Minister of National Defence, Arthur
Eggleton, on Bill C-25, an Act to amend the National Defence
Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts
before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional
Affairs on 6 October 1998, Issue 34, see minutes
and evidence;
EDMISON, J. Alexander,
Major, 1903-1980, lawyer, member of the OJAG during WW II, see
the article "Officier chargé des sans-foyer", La Presse,
23 novembre 1944 à la p.21; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2962828
(consulté le 6 août 2018);
J. Alex Edmison was born in Cheltenham, Ontario
and lived mostly in Toronto as a young boy. He was
Boy Mayor of Toronto. He studied at Queen's University,
Kingston, and did law at McGill University,
Montreal. He was a skilled debater, historian, prison
reformer and book collector. During WWII,
he served in the Black Watch and was cited by General
Eisenhower in dispatches. He was in one of
the first party of liberators to visit Dachau. He worked
tirelessly to help displaced persons. He served
on the board of the Queen's University Theological College
for forty years. Alex served on Canada's
first National Parole Board 1959-1969. Queen's awarded him
an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1974.
One of Alex's passions was working on Edmison family
history.
____________on Edmison, Major A.J., see "French Canadians in Forces
for G.S. Maj. A.J. Edmison Tells Kiwanians Troops All Out for
Active Service", The Gazette, Montreal, 8 December 1944, at
p. 13, available at , accessed 20 June 2020;
[Long title of article omitted from image]
___________photo of Major J. Alex Edmison, in "Promoted Overseas:
Maj. Alex Edmison", The Gazette, Montreal, Monday, 27 March
1944 at p. 13, available at https://www.newspapers.com/image/....,
accessed 27 June 2020;
Image
source: google.com/imgres (accessed 31 August 2018)
John de Chastelain, former CDS
EDMONTON JOURNAL, "Former generals want own lawyers at inquiry", Edmonton Journal, Feb 20,
1997, p.A. 3, available at http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?ct=Next+Page&pag=nxt&pageNumberComingFrom=7&frbg=&indx=61&fn=search&dscnt=0&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe&vid=01LOC&mode=Basic&ct=Next%20Page&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Gilles%20Letourneau%20military&dstmp=1475776201511,
accessed 6 October 2016;
EDWARDS, C.A., Flight Lieutenant, part of the JAG branch, see
"R.C.A.F. Law Officers Arrive in Britain", The Lethbridhe Herald,
14 January 1944 at p. 3; available at
https://www.newspapers.com/...., accessed 19 May 2020;
__________on EDWARDS, C.A. preliminary research indicates that he
may have been a City councillor Prince George BC, see The
Vancouver Sun, 10 June 1964 at p. 11;
__________on EDWARDS, C.A. preliminary research indicates that he
may have resigned from Crown Trust as solicitor to continue in
private practice, National Post, 7 June 1958 at p. 4
___________on EDWARDS, C.A., Flight Lieutenant, see "Flt. Lt.
Edwards Arrives Overseas", The Vancouver Sun, Friday, 14
January 1944 at p. 5, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 17 June 2020;
___________on EDWARDS, C.A., Squadron leader, see "Farewell to Arms:
A Column Dedicated to the Peacetime Activities of Former Fighting
Men", Edmonton Journal, Tuesday, 19 February 1946, at
p. 10, available at https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed
17 June 2020;
Image
source: thestar.com/authors.edwards_peter.html, accessed 11 March
2018
Peter Edwards
EDWARDS, Peter, "Members of Canadian military banned from
associating with outlaw bikers. Move comes four years after report
that found some active and retired troops have an uncomfortably
close alliance with outlaw motorcycle clubs", thestar.com, 9 March
2018; available at https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/03/09/members-of-canadian-military-banned-from-associating-with-outlaw-bikers.html
(accessed 11 March 2018);
Source of
image: http://www.lybrary.com/the-military-leadership-handbook-p-194730.html,
accessed 3 October 2016
EDWARDS, Victoria, "13789 Commander Darren Rich, RRMC Grad, Royal
Military College of Canada COS", e veritas posted by rmcclub on 22
October 2008 2012, available at http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=2329
(accessed on 21 June 2015);
E-Veritas:
Have you found yourself concerned with any facets of cadet
discipline since coming to RMC?
Cdr
Rich: As the Special Assistant to the Commandant
for S133 Brigadier General (Ret’d) Jean Leclerc
and E1607 Brigadier-General Jocelyn Lacroix (RMC
1999),
I conducted summary trials over cadets. Generally, a
Colonel or Lieutenant Colonel would conduct the summary
trial as the Presiding Officer. Until recently, a cadet who
was found guilty could only be fined up to a couple
hundred dollars. Now, however we have more options, for
example fines, extra work and drill and stoppage of leave to
better suit the punishment to crime. With a view to
maintain discipline, the goals are to encourage the cadet to
think about and change his or her behaviour; deter others
from
repeating the same behaviour and rehabilitate the
offending cadet. We encourage cadets who are struggling to
seek support from their Squadron Commanders, peers, the Peer
Assistance Group, the Padres, staff, and medical personnel
(such as the mental health experts on base, etc.). In the
rare case where the police are involved, the issues are
dealt
with either in civil court downtown or via the Court Martial
system. The more serious cases stem almost invariably from
the consequences of the misuse of alcohol.
When I was a cadet at RRMC, senior cadets conducted summary
trials on junior cadets. The senior cadets were learning how
to lead and mete out discipline and didn’t always
get it right. The senior cadets had a few options, for
example extra work and drill, inspections or denial of
leave. I was once assigned extra duties for not showing up
to referee
a ball hockey game that I didn’t even know I’d been
assigned to do. The punishments were designed to take away
the cadets` free time. Cadets could be sentenced to run up
to
6 circles a day at Royal Roads (2 miles).
Alternatively, they may be assigned inspections in the
morning, lunch, evening, and before lights out. They could
lose their [scant]
leave privileges. They may have to wear white belt and
white gaitors all day.
ELDER, W.G. (William G.), was police magistrate in Prince Albert,
Saskatchewan, city police court and left position to serve with the
JAG "department" of the Canadian army overseas, see Eric O. Burt,
"Prairie Justice book recalls familiar names from court beat", The
Star Phoenix, Saskatoon, Saturday, 7 March 1992 at p. B4
Prism, available at https://www.newspapers.com/...., accessed 18 May
2020;
___________on ELDER. W.G., see "Magistrate W.G. Elder Succumbs", Star-Phoenix,
Monday, 10 February 1958, at p. 3, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/...., accessed 13 June 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on ELDER. W.G., see "Magistrate rites held", The
Leader-Post, Regina, 20 February 1958, at p. 14, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 13 June 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Elder, William Gardiner,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, formerly of Athelstane, Quebec.
Occupation: law student. Medals/Honours: Military Medal (MM).
Military Service:
Private [later Lieutenant in the Canadian Expeditionary
Force], M.M., Reg. No. 475453,
4th University Co., PPCLI,Attestation Papers. Diary
Reference: “[W.G.] Elder, [A.R.] Oldford, [W.] Lovegrove and
myself detailed on one stretcher … Poor Elder had worked
like a Trojan the day before digging out men buried by
shells,”2:3 Jun ’16; “Elder, who
was with me at the head of the stretcher said, ‘I guess
this is the end. We can never get
out of here. Let’s shake hands’,” 2:4 Jun ’16; “Elder and
I managed to stagger down to
the dugouts under the ramparts,” 3:4 Jun ’16.
Additional Biographical
Information
Pte. William Gardiner Elder, a
22-year-old law student, enlisted with the 3rd University
Company at Saskatoon on 12 October 1915. According to
Hodder-Williams, he was
wounded on 10 April 1917 and was struck off strength on 15
April 1917. He received
the Military Medal shortly after the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
After he recovered from
his wounds, he served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force
and rose to the rank of
lieutenant.
During a provincial general election, Elections
Nova Scotia will contact the Judge Advocate General’s office
which
will send a message to all units of the Canadian Forces to
inform them of the election, the eligibility requirements
for voting, and the process for applying
to vote by write-in ballot.
ELEMENT, Sandy, Executive Assistant to the Judge Advocate General,
see https://ca.linkedin.com/in/sandy-element-b4713817 (accessed 29
December 2018);
Ivan Elieff, Counsel, Ministry of Social
Development and Social Innovation, Victoria,
BC. Ivan Elieff has over 15 years experience as a lawyer.
He has provided senior policy
advice and gained a detailed understanding of government
processes and operations in
a number of capacities. Ivan joined the Legal Services
Branch in 2007, after serving for
a year and a half as a policy analyst with another
department. He has given solicitor’s
advice primarily to the Ministry of Social Development and
Social Innovation, focusing on
the areas of trusts, administrative law, and statutory
interpretation. He has also provided
similar advice to other branches within the Ministry of
Justice. Ivan has maintained a parallel part
time career in the Canadian Armed Forces Primary Reserve,
and is currently the reserve Deputy Judge
Advocate advising Vancouver Island units through the
office of the Assistant Judge Advocate General,
Pacific Region. Prior to joining government, Ivan articled
and practiced, primarily as a solicitor, at a
private Victoria firm, after receiving his LLB from the
University of Victoria in 2000.
EMANUELLI, Claude, 1946-, "Avant-propos [du numéro de la
revue Études internationales
portant le titre "Le droit international humanitaire (droit
international des conflits armés)"], (1992) 23(4) Études
internationales 717-721; disponible à http://www.erudit.org/revue/ei/1992/v23/n4/703081ar.pdf
(site visité le 28 février 2012);
___________"Comments
on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian
Law", (2006) 44 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 437-449;
___________Les actions militaires de l'ONU et le droit
international humanitaire, Montreal: Wilson &
Lafleur, 1995, 112 p.; 23 cm., ISBN 2891273176
(Collection; La Collection Bleue; Faculté de droit Section de
droit civil Université d'Ottawa);
source de l'image: droit.coop/fr/service.prt?svcid=CO_CATALOG17&page=productDetail.jsp&id=3761,
site visité 27 juin 2017
___________Les conflits armés et le droit, Montréal: Wilson
et Lafleur, 2017, xii, 306 p., 24 cm, 978-2-89689-358-4; voir la Table
des matières;
EMBURY, A.W. (Alan W.), Major, legal officer in 1941,
see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at p. 49, available at i-xii and 1-102;
___________on EMBURY, A.W., Major, who was the prosecutor of the GCM of
Lt. E.G.A. Boulton, see BARRETT, Matthew Kenneth,
Ruin and Redemption: losing and Regaining Honour in the
Canadian Officer Corps, a thesis submitted to the Graduate
Program in History in conformity with the requirements for the
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen's University, KIngston,
Ontario, September 2019, v, 395 leaves at p. 252; available
at https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/26534/Barrett_Matthew_K_201909_PhD.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
(accessed 30 October 21019);
___________on EMBURY, Alan W., see "Prominent Regina lawyer dies
at 71", The Leader-Post, Regina, Saturday, 23 September
1978 at p. 2, available at , accessed 24 May 2020;
---------
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
ENDICOTT, Lieutenant-Colonel T. (Tom) M., "The Social Evolution
of the Canadian Forces -- Post Somalia", CSC 28-018, Master
thesis, Canadian Forces College, May 2002, 73 p.,
thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the degree of Master of Defence Studies; available
at http://wps.cfc.forces.gc.ca/papers/csc/csc28/mds/endicott.pdf
(accessed on 24 July 2008) and at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/288/286/endicott.pdf
(accessed on 8 May 2014);
Maj. Rick Eng (JD’11) deployed with Her Majesty’s
Canadian Ship (HMCS) Toronto as Her Legal Advisor
during
Operation REASSURANCE. During this operation, Toronto
is participating in NATO Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR.
HMCS Toronto is tasked with locating, tracking, reporting
and boarding vessels that are suspected of involvement in or
support of terrorist activities in the Mediterranean Sea.
HMCS Toronto operated in the Black Sea between
6 and 25 September 2014 with vessels from several partner
nations,
including Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Spain, Turkey,
Ukraine and the United States. While in the Black Sea, the
ship
took part in several exercises that focused on
interoperability and maritime situational awareness.
HMCS Toronto departed from Halifax, N.S. on 24
July 2014. Throughout Her deployment, Maj. Eng has
provided legal
advice to the ship in the areas of Operational
Law, Military Administrative Law and Military
Justice.
James Robichaud
ENGEL, Shirlee, "Former Canadian Forces private alleges abuse in
military training", Global News -- Toronto, 4 November 2014,
available at http://globalnews.ca/news/1614086/military-veteran-alleges-abuse-by-drill-sergeant/,
accessed 13 March 2017; includes video; the victim's name is Pte
James Robichaud; has retained lawyer Michel Drapeau;
ENGLAND, L.L. (Leslie Leroy), 1917-1990, LCol, in 1967, was
a member of the office of the Judge Advocate General, and present
at the Special Joint Committee of the Senate and of the House of
Commons on Employer-Employee Relations 'in the Public Service of
Canada.—No. 32; Tuesday, March 14, 1967, at pp. 1567-1612 as
reported in the Canadian Government Publications Catalogue
1967, issued by The Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 1968 at p. 45
(Cat. No. SP6-367), available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/spac-pspc/PF1-4-1967.pdf
(accessed 12 September 2018); also available at http://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.com_SOCHOC_2701_3_2/799?r=0&s=1
(accessed 24 August 2020); NOW AVAILABLE AT https://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.com_SOCHOC_2701_3_2/799?r=0&s=1
(accessed 2 September 2020); subsequently, Mr. England was Chief,
Clemency and Legal Division, National Parole Board, for example in
1971;
___________on ENGLAND, L.L. (Leslie Leroy), see excerpt in
CAMPBELL, Margaret Isabel Catherine, Harmony and
Dissonance. A Study of the Influence of Foreign Policy
Goals on Military Decision-Making with Respect to the Canadian
NATO Brigade in Germany, 1951-1964, Thèse présentée à la
Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval pour
l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.), Département
d'histoire, Faculté des lettres, Université Laval, Québec, 2000.
337 f., à la p. 293, disponible à http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54006.pdf
(vérifié le 11 janvier 2015); aussi disponible à http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54006.pdf
(consulté le 28 octobre 2017);
Major L.L. England, with the Judge Advocate General's
Office, pointed out that, as Canadian soldiers
could have their ranks affected by civil cases in
Germany, civil offenses resulted in more serious
consequences than for similar cases in Canada.741
....
-----
74l Ibid. L.L. England, DJAG to Comd, 4 November 1959.
___________ on ENGLAND, L.L. (Leslie Leroy), he was in 1968,
National Parole Board, Chief, Clemency & Legal Division,
Parole Service, see his article "The Royal Prerogative of Mercy",
13 pages in National Parole Board, Notes of Meetings, Regional
Representatives' Conference, Laval, P.Q., May 12-17, 1968,
available at https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/hv%209502%20d5%201968-eng.pdf
(accessed 12 March 2019);
__________on ENGLAND, Leslie Leroy, see his death notice in The
Ottawa Citizen, 8 June 1990, at p. 67, available at https://www.newspapers.com/image/,
accessed 18 June 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source of image: bookreviews.bbcf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/engle-yves.jpg,
accessed 1 March 2019
Yves Engler
Image
source:
queensu.ca/history/people/facultyinstructors/english-allan,
accessed 20 April 2017
Allan English
ENGLISH, Allan, "Corruption
in the Canadian military? Destroying trust in the chain of
command", (2017) 23 Canadian Foreign Policy Journal
32-46; title noted in my research but article not consulted yet
(20 April 2017); for abstract and résumé, see http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2016.1250654
(accessed 20 April 2017);
ABSTRACT
Corruption
is often seen as being caused by internally motivated
greed leading to prohibited acts in contravention of laws,
rules and regulations.
However, corruption may also be defined as “dishonest
action that destroys people’s trust.” Building on research
conducted by scholars examining
this phenomenon in the United States military, this
article explores questionable actions, which are
externally motivated by systemic factors
embedded in the culture of the Canadian Armed Forces
(CAF), by senior leaders in the CAF that can destroy trust
in its chain of command. It
analyzes two case studies, the Deschamps report into
sexual misconduct in the CAF and the Board of Inquiry into
Afghan sexual assaults witnessed
by CAF members, to identify some key themes and areas for
future research into how the lack of trust in the chain of
command has impacted
negatively on the CAF’s professionalism and culture.
RÉSUMÉ
La corruption est souvent perçue comme un phénomène causé
par la cupidité découlant de motivations internes qui
conduit à des agissements prohibés,
en infraction aux lois, aux règles et aux réglementations.
Mais la corruption peut également être définie comme « un
agissement malhonnête qui mine la
confiance accordée par la population ». S’appuyant sur une
recherche conduite par des universitaires qui ont examiné
ce phénomène dans l’armée
américaine, cet article explore les agissements douteux,
motivés par des facteurs systémiques externes qui,
intégrés à la culture des Forces armées canadiennes
(FAC) par des cadres supérieurs de cette institution,
peuvent miner la confiance en sa chaîne de commandement.
Il analyse deux études de cas - le Rapport
Deschamps sur l’inconduite sexuelle dans l’Armée, et la
Commission d’enquête sur les agressions sexuelles en
Afghanistan, dont des membres de l’Armée ont
été les témoins - afin d’identifier certains thèmes clés
et domaines pour de futures recherches sur la manière dont
le manque de confiance dans la chaîne de
commandement a négativement impacté le professionnalisme
et la culture de la FAC.
____________"Cultural
dissonance: ethical considerations from Afghanistan", (Summer 2016) 22(2) Canadian
Foreign Policy Journal 163-172; title noted in my research
but article not consulted yet (20 April 2017); for
abstract/résumé source: see http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11926422.2016.1176937
(accessed 20 April 2017);
Abstract
The
Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) includes ethical
decision-making as part of its professional development
program. However, the limitations of the CAF
professional development program in ethical
decision-making become evident when CAF members must deal
with coalition members whose ethical norms
differ significantly from those of the CAF. A number of
recent cases in the Afghanistan mission highlight these
limitations. This article examines the ethical
dilemmas faced by senior Canadian decision-makers in one
such case. When confronted with numerous reports, starting
as early as 2005, by members of the
CAF to the chain of command of incidents of sexual assault
of boys by Afghan forces, senior decision-makers were
faced with choices that could fall within
a continuum of actions. At one end of the continuum was to
take immediate and forceful action based on Canadian
values. At the other end was to take no
action since the attitude of most coalition partners was
to do nothing because they accepted that this practice had
been “common” in Afghanistan’s culture.
The article discusses the actions of senior Canadian
decision-makers in this case and focuses on whether or not
the CAF professional development program
adequately prepared them for their decision-making role in
this type of ethical dilemma.
Résumé
Les forces armées canadiennes (FAC) incluent la prise de
décisions éthiques dans leur programme de développement
professionnel. Cependant, les limites
de ce programme dans la prise de décisions éthiques
deviennent évidentes lorsque les membres des FAC ont à
faire à d'autres membres d'une coalition dont
les normes éthiques sont sensiblement différentes de
celles des FAC. Certains exemples récents se rapportant à
la mission en Afghanistan illustrent ces limites.
Cet article examine les dilemmes éthiques auxquels ont été
confrontés des preneurs de décision de haut rang avec l'un
de ces cas. Confrontés à de nombreux
rapports remontant jusqu'à 2005, transmis par des membres
des FAC à leur commandement et concernant des abus sexuels
de garçons par des militaires afghans,
les preneurs de décision de haut rang se sont retrouvés
face à des choix qui pouvaient s'inscrire dans un
continuum de mesures à prendre. À un bout du continuum,
il fallait une intervention immédiate et ferme, fondée sur
les valeurs canadiennes. À l'opposé, aucune action ne
devait être engagée, l'attitude de la plupart des
autres membres de la coalition étant de ne rien faire en
raison de leur acceptation du caractère
« courant » de ces pratiques dans la culture
afghane. L'article discute
des actions engagées dans ce cas précis par les preneurs
de décision de haut rang et s'interroge sur l'adéquation
du programme de développement professionnel
des membres des FAC, en termes de préparation à leur prise
de décision face à ce type de dilemme éthique.
ENGLISH, Allan, 1949-, and Howard Coombs, eds., Effects-Based
Approaches to Operations Canadian Perspectives, and see
"Information Operations: Op Archer, Afghanistan, 2006" (p. 230),
[Ottawa] : National Defence, c2008, v, 256 p., at p. 230 : ill. ;
25 cm. NOTES: Distributed by the Government of Canada
Depository Services Program. Includes bibliographical
references, ISBN: 9781100106274, available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2008/forces/D2-233-2008E.pdf
(accessed 5 April 2017);
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Image
source:
amazon.com/Lament-army-Canadian-professionalism-Contemporary/dp/077252520X/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8,
accessed 29 June 2017
ENGLISH, John A. (John Alan), Canadian Institute of International
Affairs, Lament for an army: the decline of
Canadian military professionalism / John A.
English,
Concord, ON : Irwin, c1998, xiii, 110 p. : 1 ill. ; 23 cm. Series:
Contemporary Affairs no. 3. NOTES: Co-published by Canadian
Institute of International Affairs. Includes bibliographical
references and index.
ISBN: 077252520X;
KNIGHT, Martin, We are not manslaughterers : the Epsom
riot and the murder of station sergeant Thomas Green,
[United Kingdom] : Tontobooks, 2010, xv, 287 pages : color
illustrations ; 21 cm, Includes bibliographical references
(pages 263-264) and index, ISBN: 9781907183140; 1907183140;
Product Description
In genteel Epsom, Surrey in the summer of 1919 a score of
semi-rural police officers fought
a rioting mob of 400 Canadian soldiers in a battle of
Rorke’s Drift proportions. At the end of
it the dependable Station Sergeant Thomas Green lay dead,
bludgeoned by a bar torn from
the police cells.
Green is the only policeman to be murdered in his own police
station on the mainland ever
and was one of only two killed by rioters in the 20th
century – the other being PC Blakelock.
Yet media coverage was subdued and the path to justice
tightly managed. Indeed no person
was charged with murder. A handful of Canadians were quietly
convicted of riot and were
back home for Christmas.
We Are Not Manslaughterers lifts the lid on why the case is
practically unknown and how
political and international considerations deprived Thomas
Green of justice. David Lloyd
George and Winston Churchill were personally involved in
engineering their desired
outcomes. Fraying colonial bonds necessitated a manipulation
of the system nationally
and a backdrop of STDs among the convalescent soldiers
triggered a cover-up locally.
Martin Knight is the author of George Best’s final
autobiography as well as several other
sports, culture and fiction books.
ESAU, Jeff, "Top military officers off base on detainee file", The
Globe and Mail, 22 March 2007 and updated 27 March 2007,
available at
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/top-military-officers-off-base-on-detainee-file/article17993420/
(accessed 21 December 2017);
The ICRC never tells third
parties about its inspections and monitoring of prisoners,
and reports back only to the government holding the
captives.
That principle has been central to its role for nearly 150
years and is crucial to its ability to deal confidentially
with all parties to a conflict.
But according to documents
entitled Advice for the Minister and made public under the
access to information law, a high-level group of half a
dozen senior policy, legal and parliamentary advisers told
the minister to imply that the ICRC would inform Canada if
detainees it handed to
Afghanistan were mistreated.
The group, led by assistant
deputy minister for policy Vincent Rigby, first advised
Mr. O'Connor last May that "if pressed" in the Commons
with questions about detainee follow-up, he should respond
by saying: "If the ICRC advised us of some problems with
transferred detainees,
we would discuss the issue with the government of
Afghanistan."
Other DND officials signing
off on the advice included Brigadier-General Daniel
Gosselin, head of the international security policy
division,
Colonel Neil Anderson, head of the NATO policy directorate
and Colonel Bernard Cathcart from the international law
directorate.
Patrick Ervin
ERVIN, Patrick, notes biographiques suivent:
Patrick Ervin, CD, LLB, MBA
M. Ervin a été nommé membre de la Commission de l'énergie
et des services publics du
Nouveau-Brunswick en 2013.
M. Ervin est membre du Barreau du Nouveau-Brunswick et
est actuellement président
du conseil d'administration de la Fondation pour
l'avancement du droit au Nouveau-Brunswick.
Sa carrière juridique s’étend sur une période de 25 ans,
notamment en tant que partenaire dans
un cabinet d’avocat de Saint John et en tant que
conseiller juridique dans une entreprise de
technologies de l’information.
[...]
M. Ervin a également joui d’une carrière en tant
qu’officier d’artillerie et au sein de la branche du Juge-avocat général de la
Réserve des Forces armées canadiennes
pendant 19 ans. Il a atteint le rang
de major avant sa retraite.
No. 1 Canadian War Crimes Investigation Unit
was established on 4 June 1945 under the command of
Lieutenant-Colonel B.J.S. Macdonald to continue the work
of the SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters,
Allied Expeditionary Forces) Court. Two detachments were
established:
the North West Europe
Detachment at Bad Salzflen, Germany and the U.K.
Detachment at Canadian Army Headquarters,
London, England. Canadian personnel from the SHAEF
Courts were transferred to the new Canadian
Unit whose mandate was to investigate all reports of
war crimes affecting any member of the Canadian
forces. The unit remained active until its disbandment
31 May 1946.
[Source: https://www.archeion.ca/1-canadian-war-crimes-investigation-unit-fonds,
accessed 25 October 2018]
- Photo of Robert Holzer, Walter Weigel and Wilhem Ossenbach,
tried for war crimes in which S/L Eutache was the
assistant prosecutor;
This photo comes from the article by
Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired)
Paul Thobo-Carlsen, CMPA Director of History
and Heritage, "Looking Back: Wartime RCAF Policemen and Post-War
Security
Officer Moe Labrosse" and available at www.cmpa-apmc.org/lb-moe-labrosse.html
(accessed 9 April 2020).
- "Two Nazis Blame Other for Shot Killing RCAF Man", The
Globe and Mail, 2 April 1946, at p. 8:
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 26 October 2018
The documents outline two scenarios. The first
refers to an air attack from "a known terrorist group
that we are in an armed conflict with."
The second was a later addition and refers to a scenario in
which the military would assist law enforcement agencies such
as the RCMP with
"a more traditional hijacking scenario, where a
disgruntled individual may want to take out his agressions on
a company headquarters or
specific person(s), or even the government."
EVRAIRE, Richard, 1938-, "Book Reviews -- Military Justice
in Action: Annotated National Defence Legislation by Mr. Justice
Gilles Létourneau and Professor Michel W. Drapeau", Canadian Military Journal,
vol. 12, number 1, available at http://www.journal.dnd.ca/vol12/no1/72-evraire-eng.asp
(accessed
on 23 January 2012); FRANÇAIS :
EVRAIRE, Richard, "Critique de livres -- Military Justice in
Action: Annotated National Defnce Legislation par l'honorable
Gilles Létourneau et le professeur Michel W. Drapeau", Revue militaire canadienne,
vol. 12, numéro 1, disponible à http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol12/no1/72-evraire-fra.asp
(vérifié le 23 janvier 2012);
John Skirving Ewart
EWART, J.S. (John Skirving), 1849-1933, "Canada and War",
(10 October 1932) 10(8) The Canadian Bar Review
495-506; available at https://cbr.cba.org/index.php/cbr/article/view/168/168
(accessed 28 February 2018);
FAIRBANKS, David Alexander ("Sandy"), Colonel, photos:
---
[source: (Nov-Dec 2000) 4 JAG Newsletter-
[source: (Apr-Jun 2000) 2 JAG Newsletter- Bulletin
d'activités at p. 5]
Bulletin d'activités at p. 7]
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling
the wheel
of
the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page being viewed
___________on FAIRBANKS, David Alexander
("Sandy"), Colonel, see McDONALD, R.
Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers,
Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at pages
182 and 213-214, available at 103-242;
Image
source: http://books.google.ca
FARLEY, Kelly, Rick Walker, Harry Bondy, Dan Mendoza, "Freedom of
Association and the Canadian Forces: Current Status and Future
Trends", in Giuseppe Caforio, Gerhard Kümmel, ed., Military
Missions and their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of
September 11th (Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace
Economics and Development, Volume 2), Emerald Group
Publishing Limited, 2005, 594 p., at pp.497-517, ISBN: 0444519602, 9780444519603;
Extract
Unlike many militaries in Europe, the Canadian Forces (CF) have no
union or representative association. Although two separate studies
have shown that more than one-third of military members
think positively about forming a union (Bradley & Charbonneau,
2004;
Deneumoustier, 1971), there has traditionally been little
movement towards any form of associationism within Canada's
military.
While there is no formal ‘contract’ between the CF and the
government of Canada, an informal social contract has appeared to
be
successful in maintaining the status quo. Critics of the
social contract argue the agreement is one-sided; that is, the
responsibilities
of the member to Canada are well defined in the National
Defence Act and Queen's Regulations and Orders but there is “no
such
articulation of the responsibilities of the Government of
Canada to the men and women of the CF” (Milner, 1998, p. 10).
(source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?chapterid=1784194&show=pdf,
accessed on 11 August 2013); see also http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S1572-8323%2805%2902030-8
(accessed 6 March 2018);
James Farney, image source:
uregina.ca/arts/politics-international-studies/faculty-staff/faculty/03-farney-jim.html,
accessed 4 February 2018
FARNEY, James; S. Bohdan, "The Predicament of Belonging:
The Status of Enemy Aliens in Canada, 1914", (Winter 2005) 39(1) Journal
of Canadian Studies 74-89;
This essay examines Canada's internment of enemy aliens
during the First World War. The internment of thousands
of aliens,
who had been invited to Canada short years before as
immigrants, was not grounded in international law or
xenophobia.
Instead, the decision by the Borden Cabinet to intern
enemy aliens was rooted in an imperialist understanding
of Canada
and the associated understanding of individuals as
subjects of a sovereign. Internment forced the
articulation of these
important categories and, as a result, the decision
casts light on broader notions of "belonging" in pre-war
Canada.
[source: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/200633/pdf,
accessed 6 December 2017);
FARQUHARSON, R.A., "Ralston Slaps Pouliot Down for his
Slurs. Angered Minister Gets Applause of Both Sides in
Denying Disloyalty. Joined by Hanson", Hamilton
Spectator, 1946/01/23; available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5060363
(accessed 15 April 2018); attack by Pouliot included BGen Orde,
JAG;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source
of Image: (2005)1 Les
actualités -- Newsletter at p. 55.
"Our 'honest brokers' in action Major Quiroz-Borrero and Major
Moore in Afghanistan"
FARRELL, Jim, "Afghans' claims
settled by 'honest broker' Canadian military lawyer says his
form of justice works", The Edmonton Journal, Thursday, December 23,
2004; available at http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2004/december/dec232004.html,
accessed 25 February 2015; about Capt. Felipe Quiroz-Borrero; also
published in (2005)1 Les actualités -- Newsletter 55-56;
___________"Gen. Boyle received high-level help, Somalia inquiry
told; OTHER HELP", Edmonton Journal, 25 June 1996, p.
A-8;
Image source: omltjag.blogspot.ca/2007/07/my-name-is-anthony-farris-and-i-will.html,
accessed 18 August 2017
__________http://omltjag.blogspot.ca/
(accessed 10 April 2015); multitude of blogs from Afghanistan;
Image
source: http://www.canadianlawyermag.com/499/Beyond-the-ordinary.html,
accessed 26 August 2015
Maj Anthony Farris (right)
____________on Major Anthony
Farris, see the following article: CARNIOL, Naomi,
"Beyond the Ordinary: Anthony Farris has mentored military lawyers
in Afghanistan and also gets lots of courtroom time as a JAG
prosecutor", (February 2009) 33(2) Canadian Lawyer
14, posted 3 February 2009; available at http://www.canadianlawyermag.com/499/Beyond-the-ordinary.html
(accessed 26 August 2015); about Major Anthony Farris;
_______on Major Anthony
Farris, see the following article: FOX, Brent, "Lessons
in Afghan law -- Kentville native mentoring military lawyers
through changing Afghan life", Kings County Register, 14
February 2008, available at http://www.kingscountynews.ca/Living/2008-02-14/article-588661/Lessons-in-Afghan-law/1,
accessed on 8 April 2015; article about Anthony Farris;
Farris notes the Afghan army is in operations, and it’s
important to introduce these legal concepts so it conducts
its actions
in accordance with international law.
A slow process
Farris acknowledges “mentoring is a slow process.”
Many concepts are foreign to the hosts and require
a large measure of explanation and discussion. Experience
and the
language barrier can also be issues.
But, Farris points out, it has been very
rewarding. “I have witnessed progress. “I have provided the
military lawyers
with a basic understanding of how their system works.
I have worked with key players in the court martial process
to have
those soldiers accused of serious offenses to be tried in
accordance with procedural safeguards recognized
by international law. And, I have taught soldiers at the
basic level some of the simple rules related to military
operations.”
_______on
Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony Farris, see the photo hereunder that
appeared with article "New Sexual Misconduct Action
Response Team and amendments to prosecution policies", The
Maple Leaf, Defence Stories, available at https://ml-fd.caf-fac.ca/en/2018/01/9807
(accessed 10 April 2020);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
FARRIS, John L., member of the JAG Branch during the World war
II, see "British Columbia Telephone Company: John L. Farris", The
Globe and Mail, 25 April 1972, at p. B16:
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 24 November 2018
___________on FARRIS, John L., see "John Farris Joins Sun
Directorate", The Vancouver Sun, Wednesday, 14 December
1960 at p. 22, available at https://www.newspapers.com/image/....,
accessed 27 June 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Image source:
ca.linkedin.com/in/fash-steven-r-431ba1b9, accessed 29 April 2017
Steven R. Fash
FASH, S.R. (Steven R.), "Military Justice by Summary Trial : at What
Cost?", Canadian Forces Command and Staff College, 1995, 22 leaves,
Exercise New Horizons, 28 cm., call number at Canadian Forces
Military College: #: 355.005 C3 1994-95 070; Notes: CSC 21, 1994-95; "This paper argues
that deficiencies exist in the summary trial process and that change
is needed" (From the library catalogue); research note: "Chief of
staff, Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services, 2010-present",
see ca.linkedin.com/in/fash-steven-r-431ba1b9, accessed 29 April
2017;
This bibliography gives an extensive
interdisciplinary overview of studies on gender issues in a
military context. It covers more than 2500 references
of international reviewed articles, reports, books, and theses
from military and non- military institutions. The references
have been categorized in
themes such as “Masculinities”, “Gender, Sexual Harassment and
Abuse in a Military Context”, “Gender, Physical and
Psychological Ability”,
and “Recruitment of Women”. Hence, it represents an
essential tool for military leaders and scholars interested in
gender issues in a military
context. (backcover of the book)
James B. Fay, 2nd row, first on the right,
image from McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's
Military Lawyers,
Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at p.
93, available at pp. i-xii and
1-102.
FAY, James B. (Burbeck), 1930-2007, Canadian Military Criminal Law: An
Examination of Military Justice, LL.M. thesis, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1974, 303 p.; Canadian thesis on
microfiche 22822; available at http://www.lareau-law.ca/Fay.pdf
(accessed on 15 December 2014); married to Mona Rita Lewis, born
in Cape Breton in 1931;
___________"Canadian Military Criminal Law: An Examination of
Military Justice [in Four Parts]", (1975) 23 Chitty's
Law Journal 120-138; 156-175; 195-216; and 228-252; this
article is a copy of LCol Fay's LL.M. (Master of Laws) thesis at
Dalhousie University,
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see
"Appearance of bias seen in court-martial", The Globe and Mail,
27 May 1972, at p. 61;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 3 March 2019
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see Brian
Butters, "Military tries, convicts, jails criminal quietly",
The Citizen, Ottawa, 17 July 1979 at p. 12:
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest, http://biblioottawalibrary.ca.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/
ezproxylogin?url=/docview/2336482407?accountid=46526,
accessed 29 April 2020
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see his
photo hereunder which is a detail of the 1981 JAG conference photo
posted on flickr by Jim Rycroft at https://www.flickr.com/photos/xjag/4528355114/in/album-72157623951146254/lightbox/
(accessed 24 September 2020); a photo of the 1981 JAG conference
photo, in colour, can also be found in McDONALD, R. Arthur,
(Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers, Ottawa
: Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at p. 124,
available at 103-242;
LCol Jim Fay
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see his photo
hereunder (I do not remember where this photo is from, 27 September
2020);
LCol Jim Fay
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim),Brais, Guy,
Major, was Judge-Advocate in the General Court Martial sex case of
the padre Captain McRAE, Angus Alexander, CFB Edmonton, 15-18 July
1980, see the transcript of this General Court Martial
at https://cfbnamao.files.wordpress.com/2020/11/a-2019-00017_transcript.pdf
(accessed 4 November 2020); the transcript was obtained by an
Access to Information Act request, DND, number
A0610347_265-A-2019-00017-00265; this is the number that appears
at the bottom of each page; the prosecutor Major D.J. Boan and
defence counsel was Major Guy Brais;
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see
McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military
Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General,
c2002, at pp. 93, 180, 211 and 212, available at i-xii and 1-102
and
103-242;
___________on FAY, Lieutenant-Colonel James B. (Jim), see
"Obituary/Rubrique nécrologique", (2007) 1 JAG Newsletter --
Les actualités 90;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
source
de l'image:
http://chrs.uqam.ca/professeurs-chercheurs/jean-marie-fecteau,
page visitée 26 septembre 2016
J.-M. Fecteau
FECTEAU, J.-M. (Jean-Marie), "Mesures d'exception et règle de
droit: Les conditions d'application de la loi martiale au Québec
lors des rébellions de 1837-1838", (1986-87) 32 Revue de droit
de McGill / McGill Law Journal 465-495; disponible à http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/userfiles/other/19030-Fecteau.pdf
(vérifié 8 Septembre 2015);
___________“‘This Ultimate Resource’: Martial Law and State Repression in Lower
Canada, 1837-38” in F. Murray Greenwood and Barry Wright, eds., Canadian
State Trials, Vol 2: Rebellion and Invasion in the
Canadas, 1837-38, Toronto: University of
Toronto Press, 2002, pp. 207-247;
FEDERATION OF LAW SOCIETIES OF CANADA, 37th National
criminal law program : substantive criminal law, advocacy
& the administration of justice, [Ottawa:]
Federation of Law Societies of Canada, 2010, 2 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm. + 1 CD
ROM; NOTES: "July 12 to
16, 2010, St. John's, Newfoundland". Includes
bibliographical references; see "Part X. Military law
1. A primer on military law";
Image
source: newmediaubc.wordpress.com/tag/chloe-fedio/, accessed 24
October 2017
Chloé Fedio
FEIGELSON, H.E. (Hyman Eric/Hyman Emil), 1906-1995,
Lieutenant, of Military District number 4 in Montreal, was defence
counsel at the court martial of Pte Skinner, see "Five Buckingham Girls Testify To
Drinking And Dancing With German Prisoners of War in Thurso
Hotel", Sherbrooke Daily Record, Tuesday, 28 mars 1944
at pp. 1 and 2; available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/retrieve/7619561
(accessed 6 April 2018);
....
Mr. Feltham has been a member of the Canadian Armed Forces
(CAF) since 2006. He is
currently training to become a legal officer and is the
first non-commissioned member to
merit a position into the Military Legal Training Plan. He
currently summers with the
Office of the Judge Advocate General and will continue his
career as a legal officer upon
being called to the bar.
"Femme d'un aviateur canadien accusée du meurtre de son bébé", La
Presse, mercredi, 30 janvier 1957, à la p. 32; disponible à
collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2877282
(vérifié le 30 mars 2018);
Pressing(and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
FENRICK, William J. (William John), "The Application of the
Geneva Conventions by the International Criminal Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia", (1999) vol. 81, number 834 International
Review of the Red Cross 317-329;
___________ "Applying IHL Targeting Rules to Practical Situations
Proportionality and Military Objectives" (2009) 27(2) Windsor Yearbook of Access to
Justice 271; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817740
(accessed on 11 February 2015);
Image
source: http://djcil.law.duke.edu/, accessed 12 February 2015
___________ "Attacking the Enemy Civilian as a Punishable
Offense”, (1996-97) 7 Duke
Journal
of Comparative and International Law 539-569; available
at http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?7+Duke+J.+Comp.+&+Int%27l+L.+539
(accessed on 11 December 2011);
___________"The Crime against humanity of persecution in the
jurisprudence of the ICTY”, (2001) 32 Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 81-96;
___________"Crimes in combat: the relationship between crimes
against humanity and war crimes", The Hague, 5 March 2004; Guest
Lecture Series of the Office of the Prosecutor; Mr. Fenrick was
the Senior Legal Adviser, ICTY-OTP; available at http://tamilnation.co/armed_conflict/crimes_in_combat_fenrick.pdf
(accessed at, 11 February 2015);
___________Development in the
Law of Naval Warfare since World War II: The Potential Emergence
of a Law of Naval Warfare for Limited Conflicts, thesis,
Faculty of the National Law Centre, George Washington University,
1983;
__________"The development of the law of armed conflict through
the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia", (1998) 3 Journal of Armed Conflict Law
197-232;
___________"The Exclusion Zone Device in the Law of Naval
Warfare", (1986) 24 Canadian
Year Book of International Law 91-126;
___________"‘ICRC Guidance on Direct Participation in
Hostilities’ (2009) 12 Yearbook Of International Humanitarian
Law 287;
___________"In the Field with UNCOE -- Investigating Atrocities in
the Territory of Former Yugoslavia", (1995) 84 The Military Law and the Law of War
Review 33-66;
Image
source: link.springer.com, accessed 4 February 2015
___________"International Humanitarian Law and Combat
Casualties", (2005) 21 European
Journal of Population 167-186;
___________"International Legal Aspects of Canadian Forces
Experience in the Recent Gulf Conflict", in Canadian Council on
International Law. Conference. (20th: 1991: Ottawa, Ontario), Canada and the Americas :
proceedings, XXth annual conference, October 17-19, 1991,
Ottawa, Ontario = Le Canada et les Amériques : travaux, xxe
congrès annuel, 17-19 octobre, 1991, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa (Ont.) : Canadian
Council on International Law = Conseil canadien de droit
international, [1991], vii, 242 p. at p. 11, ISBN: 0920157181;
copy at the University of Ottawa; title noted in my research but
article not consulted (2 August 2008);
___________"Interdictions et restrictions apportées à
l'utilisation de certains moyens et méthodes de guerre", (1992)
23(4) Études internationales
819-832; disponible à http://www.erudit.org/revue/ei/1992/v23/n4/703086ar.pdf
(site visté le 28 février 2012);
___________"International Humanitarian Law and Criminal Trials",
(1997) 7(1) Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems
23-44;
____________"International Legal Aspects of Canadian Forces
Experience in the Recent Gulf Conflict", (1991) Canadian
Council on International Law 13;
___________"Introductory Report: Military Objectives in the Law of
Naval Warfare", in Round-Table of Experts on International
Humanitarian Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea (1989 :
Ruhr-Universität Bochum) and Wolff Heintschel V. Heinegg.ed., The military objective and the
principle of distinction in the law of naval warfare : report,
commentaries, and proceedings of the Round-Table of Experts on
International Humanitarian Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at
Sea, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 10-14 November 1989 / edited by
Wolff Heintschel , Bochum : UVB-Universitätsverlag
Dr. N. Brockmeyer, 1991, vi, 177 p., at p. 4 (series;
Bochumer Schriften zur Friedenssicherung und zum humanitären
Völkerrecht ; Bd. 7), ISBN: 3883399337;
___________"Intervention by W.J. Fenrick (Canada) -- The Law of
Naval Warfare", (1987) 26 Mil. L. & L. War Rev. 137-140;
___________"The Law of Armed Conflict: The Cushie Weapons
Treaty", (1981) 11 Canadian Defence Quarterly 25-30;
____________ "The Law of War at Sea Today: Perspective from
Canada", (1989) 3 Canadian Forces Judge Advocate General
Journal 17-25; FRANÇAIS :
____________ "Le droit de la guerre en mer de nos jours: Une
perspective canadienne" (1989) 3 Revue du JAG des Forces
canadiennes 19-28;
__________"Legal Advisory Expertise", in Morten Bergsmo,, Klaus
Rackwitz and SONG Tianying, eds., Historical Origins of
International Criminal Law, Brussels:Torkel Opsahl Academic
EPublisher, 2017, xxxix, 1141 p., at pp. 513-514, ISBN:
978-82-8348-106-8 (print) and 978-82-8348-107-5 (e-book),
available at http://www.toaep.org/ps-pdf/24-bergsmo-rackwitz-song
(accessed 1 June 2018);
___________"Legal Aspects of the Falklands Naval Conflict" (1985)
1 Canadian Forces Judge Advocate General Journal
29-50; FRANÇAIS :
___________"Les Aspects Juridiques de la Guerre Navale des
Falklands" (1985) 1 Revue du JAG des Forces canadiennes
31-53;
__________"Legal aspects of use of force in peace time by CF
maritime forces", Ottawa: Office of the Judge Advocate General,
National Defence Headquarters, 1990 , 20 p.;
Image
source: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-the-Law-of-Armed-Conflict/Liivoja-McCormack/p/book/9780415640374,
accessed 11 August 2016
___________"Methods of Land Warfare" in Rain Liivoja and Tim
McCormack, eds., Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed
Conflict, Oxon: Routledge, 2016 at p. 251 to approx. p. 263,
ISBN:978-0-415-64037-4 (hbk) and 978-0-203-79836-2 (ebk);
___________"New Developments in the Law Concerning the Use of
Conventional Weapons in Armed Conflict", (1981) 19 Canadian Yearbook of International
Law / Annuaire canadien de droit international 229-256;
__________on FENRICK, Commander William J. (Bill), see "Fenrick
receives Weldon Award for Work in International Humanitarian
Law", Hearsay: The Schulich School of Law Alumni,
volume 35, winter 2013/14 at p. 30, available at https://cdn.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/law/Alumni/Hearsay_2014.pdf
(accessed 20 August 2019);
___________on FENRICK, Commander William J., see McDONALD, R.
Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers,
Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at pp. 130,
168, 169, 170 and 213, available at 103-242;
___________"The Prosecution of War Criminals in Canada", (1989-90)
12 Dalhousie Law Journal 256-297; available at https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/4d1fda/pdf/
(accessed 27 Ocober 2018);
2. I retired from the CF in 1994. I have had access to no
classified information concerning the mission and my friends
and former colleagues in the CF have
been particularly reticent concerning the detainee
issue. I had an excellent understanding of how the CF
implemented Canada’s International Humanitarian
Law/Law of Armed Conflict (IHL/LOAC) obligations while I
was a member of the CF. In particular: (i) I established the
initial formal IHL/LOAC training
program in the CF when I was Director of Legal Training
and I was actively involved in such training throughout my
career; (ii) I wrote an earlier draft of
the current CF LOAC Manual; (iii) I was the senior
IHL/LOAC adviser at National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ)
during the 1990-91 Gulf Conflict; and
(iv) I was the first Director of Law for Operations from
1991 to 1994. I have had some peripheral involvement with
IHL/LOAC training in the CF since my
retirement and I believe I have a good understanding of
how IHL/LOAC issues have been treated in the CF since my
retirement.
3. The CF has as good an IHL/LOAC training program as any
other country’s armed forces and a better program than the
vast majority of armed forces. There
are ample training materials available. The major
materials are a Joint Doctrine Manual, Law of Armed Conflict
at the Operational and Tactical Levels, which
is a basic legal text book, and a Collection of
Documents on the Law of Armed Conflict which contains the
texts of all relevant treaties and Canadian legislation.
Both of these are accessible by the public. There is
also a Code of Conduct for CF personnel which includes the
following provisions: “4. Treat all civilians
humanely and respect civilian property. 5. Do not attack
those who surrender. Disarm and detain them. 6. Treat all
detained persons humanely in accordance
with the standard set by the Third Geneva Convention.
Any form of abuse, including torture, is prohibited.” All
members of the CF receive training in the Code
of Conduct. It too is accessible to the public. As a
well informed educated guess, I would think all members of the
CF who are deployed on operations such as
Afghanistan would receive additional training in
IHL/LOAC, including the Code of Conduct.
4. The CF also complies with Art 82 of Additional
Protocol I (AP I) which requires that Canada “in time of armed
conflict, shall ensure that legal advisers are
available, when necessary, to advise military commanders
at the appropriate level on the application of (IHL/LOAC) and
on the appropriate instruction to be
given to the armed forces on the subject.” All CF legal
officers, beyond those at the most junior level, will have
received one or more short courses on IHL/LOAC
and, more recently, on Operations Law. Several legal
officers at the intermediate and senior level have post
graduate legal degrees in international law, including
IHL/LOAC. There are legal officers at the NDHQ level who work
full time on international law issues, including IHL/LOAC, and
who have a great deal of expertise
in this area. In addition, legal officers are deployed
on operations and some or all their time is devoted to
advising on IHL/LOAC. Some legal officers in DFAIT also
possess a high level of expertise in IHL/LOAC.
1. Professor of International Humanitarian Law and
International Criminal Law, Dalhousie University, Schulich
School of Law,
Halifax Nova Scotia, 2005-2011
2. Senior Legal Adviser, Office of the Prosecutor,
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
(1994-2004).
3. Member United Nations Commission of Experts Established
Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 and Special
Rapporteur
for On-Site Investigations and for Legal Issues (part
time only) (1992-94).
4. Member of Canadian Forces (1962-70, 1973-94) Retired with
rank of Commander in Legal Branch.
5. Director of Law for Operations and Training, National
Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, 1991-94.
6. Director of International Law, National Defence
Headquarters, Ottawa, 1984-1991.
7. Director of Law for Training, National Defence
Headquarters, Ottawa, 1983-1985.
8. Director of International Law, National Defence
Headquarters, Ottawa, 1979-82.
9. Legal Officer, International Law Directorate, National
Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, 1977-79.
10. Assistant Deputy Judge Advocate (primarily employed as
prosecutor or defending officer at courts martial), Halifax,
1973-1977.
11. Naval Officer, National Defence Headquarters and HMCS
Skeena, 1967-70
___________"The Prosecution of International Crimes in Relation
to the Conduct of Military Operations", in Terry Gill and Dieter
Fleck, eds., Handbook of the
International Law of Military Operations, Oxford/New
York: Oxford University Press, 2011, xxviii, 657 p., at pp.
501-514, ISBN13:
9780199545896; ISBN10: 0199545898; copy
at Université Laval, Bibliothèque des sciences humaines et
sociales; see also 2nd edition, 2015 as chapter 29,
ISBN: 978-0-19-874462-7 and ebook ISBN: 978-0-19-106208-7;
___________"The Prosecution of Unlawful Attack Cases Before the
ICTY", (2004) 7 Yearbook
of International Humanitarian Law 153-189;
"The Sarajevo Op Justice Team. Back row, from left: Maj Van
Veen, Sgt Lamothe,
WO Murray-Ford, MCpl McCoomb, LCol Carter, PO Ross. Front
row: Maj Boutin, Cdr Fenrick" (text and image
from McDONALD, R. Arthur McDonald, Canada's
Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate
General, c2002, at p. 169 available at pp. 103-242.
___________"Report of Sarajevo On-Site Investigation" to the
Commission of Experts under United Nations Security Council
Resolution 780, 25 August 1993, 12 p.; Mr. Fenrick was the Special
Rapporteur for On-Site Investigations; available at http://digitalcase.case.edu:9000/fedora/get/ksl:mps17-LtrToComm1993082500/mps17-LtrToComm1993082500.pdf
(accessed 5 March 2015);
image
source: http://iclr.bclawreview.org/
___________"Riding the Rhino : Attempting to Develop Usable Legal
Standards for Combat Activities", (2007) 30(1) Boston College International and
Comparative Law Review 111-137; available at http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1090&context=iclr
(accessed on 8 March 2012);
__________"The Rule of Proportionality and
Protocol I in Conventional Warfare", (1982) 98Military Law Review 91-127;
___________"Should Crimes Against Humanity Replace War Crimes?",
(1999) 37 Columbia Journal of
Transnational Law 767-785;
___________"Should the Laws of War Apply to
Terrorists, Proceedings", (1985) 79th
Annual Meeting of ASIL 112-114;
___________"Specific methods of warfare" in Elizabeth
Wilmshurst and Susan Breau, eds., Perspectives on the ICRC study on customary
international humanitarian law, Cambridge ; New
York : Cambridge University Press, 2007, at p. 238;
Image source:
www.esil.sedi.eu, accessed 5 February 2015
___________"Targetting and Proportionality during the NATO Bombing
Campaign Against Yougoslavia", (2001) 12 European Journal of International Law 489-502;
available at http://207.57.19.226/journal/Vol12/No3/120489.pdf
(accessed 22 January 2015);
___________“The Rule of Proportionality and Protocol I in
Conventional Warfare”, (1982) 98 Military Law Review 91-127;
___________"The Targeted Killings Judgment and the Scope of
Direct Participation in Hostilities", (2007) 5(2) Journal of International Criminal
Justice 332-338;
___________under the direction of, and prepared by Members of
Canada's Contributed Personnel to the Commission of Experts
(Canadian War Crimes Investigation Team),"Incident study
report regarding mortar shelling Dobrinja, Sarajevo", United
Nations, Security Council, S/1994/674/Add.2 (Vol. III), 28
December 1994, Annex VI.A of Final report of the United Nations
Commission of Experts established pursuant to security council
resolution 780 (1992), available at http://archive.li/RZi0b#selection-213.0-217.39
(accessed 17 July 2017);
___________"The United Nations Commission of
Experts on War Crimes in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia:
A Personal Assessment", published in
Proceedings of 1994 Canadian Council of International Law Annual
Meeting;
FENRICK, William J., Member and Rapporteur on On-Site
Investigations, Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to
Security Council Resolution 780 (1992), and contributors: Major J.
Holland, Canadian Armed Forces, Member of Canada's Contributed
Personnel to the Commission of Experts; Major P. Olson, Canadian
Armed Forces, Member of Canada's Contributed Personnel to the
Commission of Experts, and others, Final Report of the United
Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security
Council Resolution 780 (1992), Annex X.B Mass Graves, Pakracka
Poljana, Unpa Sector West, Croatia, notes:
S/1994/674/Annex X.B; available at http://digitalcase.case.edu:9000/fedora/get/ksl:mps17-FRAnnex10b000000000/mps17-FRAnnex10b000000000.pdf
(accessed on 5 March 2015);
FENRICK, William J. and Major A.J. van Veen, The battle of
Sarajevo and the law of armed conflict, Final report of the United
Nations Commission of Experts established pursuant to security
council resolution 780 (1992), S/1994/674/Add.2 (Vol. I), 28
December 1994; note: William J. Fenrick Member and Rapporteur on
On-Site Investigations, Commission of Experts Established Pursuant
to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) and Major A.J. van Veen,
Canadian Armed Forces; Member of Canada's Contributed Personnel to
the Commission of Experts; available at http://www.phdn.org/archives/www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/VI-B.htm
(accessed 3 Ocober 2015);
FENSKE, Allan F., Biographical notes on Allan Fenske:
Colonel (Retired) Allan Fenske has been appointed
part-time member of the Military Grievances External Review
Committee
for a three-year term, starting June 13, 2014.
Mr. Fenske brings to the Committee extensive experience in
military law and security issues, as well as substantial
knowledge of
the terms and conditions pertaining to military service.
From 1968 to 1975, Mr. Fenske served as air navigator and
completed operational tours on the Argus maritime patrol
aircraft, as
well as on Sea King ship-borne helicopters.
On completion of his legal training, in 1980, he joined the
Office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG). As part of the JAG
organization, Mr. Fenske served, for 25 years, in positions
of increasing rank and responsibility, in Canada and abroad.
His senior appointments included Deputy JAG Human Resources, Deputy JAG Advisory and
Legislation, Team Leader of the National
Defence Act Amendment Team and Advisor to the Special
Advisory Group on Military Justice chaired by former Chief
Justice of Canada, Brian Dickson.
As well, he served, from 1998 to 2000, as Deputy Legal
Advisor and General Counsel in the Office of the Department
of National Defence/Canadian Armed
Forces Legal Advisor and, from 2003 to 2005, as
Director General Canadian Forces Grievance Authority.
Mr. Fenske holds a Master’s Degree in Public Administration
from Harvard University, a Diploma in Legislative Drafting
from the University of Ottawa, a
Bachelor of Laws from Dalhousie University and a
Bachelor of Arts from Saint Mary’s University. He is a
graduate of the NATO Defence College
and the Rotman School of Management’s Advanced Program
in Human Resource Management (source: http://mgerc-ceegm.gc.ca/ab-pc/cm-mc/fenske-eng.html
(accessed on 5 August 2014)
------
Le colonel à la retraite Allan Fenske a été nommé membre à
temps partiel du Comité externe d’examen des griefs
militaires. Son mandat de trois ans a
débuté le 13 juin 2014.
M. Fenske possède une vaste expérience dans le domaine du
droit militaire et dans les questions de sécurité; il a
aussi une excellente connaissance des
termes et des conditions applicables au service
militaire.
De 1968 à 1975, M. Fenske était navigateur aérien et a
participé à des affectations opérationnelles à bord de
l’avion de patrouille maritime Argus et des
hélicoptères embarqués Sea King.
En 1980, après avoir complété ses études en droit, il s’est
joint au cabinet du juge-avocat général (JAG) où il a travaillé
pendant 25 ans occupant divers
postes au Canada et à l’étranger et se voyant confier
de plus en plus de responsabilités.
M. Fenske a occupé plusieurs postes supérieurs au bureau du
JAG: JAG adjoint -
Ressources humaines, JAG
adjoint - Consultations et lois, chef d’équipe
au sein de l’équipe chargée des modifications à la Loi
sur la défense nationale et conseiller auprès du
groupe consultatif spécial sur la justice militaire
présidé par l’ancien juge en chef du Canada, Brian
Dickson.
De plus, M. Fenske a travaillé de 1998 à 2000 comme
conseiller juridique adjoint et comme avocat général au
bureau du conseiller juridique du ministère
de la Défense nationale et des Forces armées
canadiennes, puis de 2003 à 2005 comme directeur général –
Autorité des griefs des Forces canadiennes.
M. Fenske détient une maîtrise en administration publique
de l’Université Harvard, un diplôme en rédaction législative
de l’Université d’Ottawa, un
baccalauréat en droit de l’Université de Dalhousie et
un baccalauréat ès arts de la Saint Mary’s University. Il
est diplômé du Collège de défense de
l’OTAN et de la Rotman School of Management
(programme avancé) en gestion des ressources humaines.
(source: http://mgerc-ceegm.gc.ca/ab-pc/cm-mc/fenske-fra.html,
5 août 2014)
___________Biographical notes on Allan Fenske:
June 27, 2014
Mr. Allan Fenske has been appointed as part-time member
of the Military Grievances External Review Committee. As
such, Mr. Fenske will
review grievances referred to the Committee by the
Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) and will issue findings and
recommendations to the
CDS
and to the military member who submitted the grievance.
Mr. Fenske, a retired Colonel, has extensive
legal expertise in military law and security issues. He held
various positions within National
Defence, particularly within the Judge Advocate
General’s (JAG) organization, as Deputy JAG Advisory and
Legislation and Deputy JAG
Human Resources. He also occupied the position
of Director General Canadian Forces Grievance Authority and
worked as legal advisor for
other federal government departments. Mr. Fenske holds
a Masters in Public Administration from Harvard University,
a Bachelor of Laws
and a Bachelor of Arts (Political Science)
respectively from Dalhousie University and Saint Mary’s
University.
(source: http://mgerc-ceegm.gc.ca/mr-sm/wn-qn/2014/140627-eng.html,
accessed 3 May 2015);
____________"Evolution of the Code of Service Discipline into the
twenty-first Century: A Canadian Perspective", Address to the
Canadian Bar Association, Commonwealth Association of Armed Forces
Lawyers, 28 August 1996, unpublished paper, mentioned in Jerry
S.T. Pitzul, Brigadier-General, and John C. Maguire,
Commander, "A Perspective on Canada's Code of Service Discipline",
JAG Newsletter, Vol.IV: Oct-Dec 1999, pp. 6-16 at p. 12, note
44;
____________"Grievance reform : from
insight to action in search of alignment [presentation slides]",
in Military Law Section, CLE
Conference : unravelling the mystery : the key to military
administrative law = Conférence de la FJP de la Section du droit
militaire : les Secrets du droit administrative dévoilés, Ottawa : Canadian Bar Association, 2003, 1 v. (various
pagings) ; 28 cm; Note: "October 22, 2003/22 octobrer [sic] 2003
Ottawa, Ontario"; source: http://library.lsuc.on.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=612&recCount=10&recPointer=3&bibId=43343&searchType=7,
accessed 9 October 2017;
___________"The Law of War: Legal Limitations on the Use of
Weapons?" (1987) 2 Canadian Forces Judge Advocate General
Journal 31-58; FRANÇAIS :
___________"Le droit de la guerre: limitations juridiques sur
l'utilisation des armes nucléaires?", (1987) 2 Revue du JAG
des Forces canadiennes 33-62;
___________"Military Justice: A Progress Report on Current
Concerns and Directions for Reform" "- Overheads", p. 14",
MJ 031F, mentioned in the Report of the Special Advisory
Group on Military Justice and Military Police Investigation
Services, supra, p.
36, note 22;
___________on FENSKE, Colonel Alan, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald
Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office
of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at pp. 163 and 184, available
at 103-242;
___________Photo: from the left: Allan Fenske, Pierre Boutet and
Bill Reed, Mixed Dining-In, 10 April 2003, photo reproduced from JAG
Newsletter, 2004, volume 1 at p. 5
___________"Retirement Colonel Allan Fenske, OMM, CD, QC", (2006) 1
JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 6; FRANÇAIS :
___________"Retraite du colonel Allan Fenske, O.M.M., CD, c.r.",
(2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 6;
___________Testimony of Col. A.F. Fenske, Office of the Judge
Advocate General on Bill C-25, an Act to amend the National
Defence Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts
Before the Standing Committee on National Defence and
Veterans Affairs:
- Meeting number 49, 22 April 1998, see minutes
and evidence;
"There are two aspects I would raise for you. The first one
is that at the end of November 1997 regulations were issued
with respect to
summary trials. The summary trials process, as many of
you know, in fact deals with about 90% of our discipline. A
lot of change has
been built into that already, and there's training
ongoing for that now.
The second thing is that one of the
recommendations—and this was made in different ways, but
both from the commission and the
Dickson review group—was that there be more training
with respect to military justice responsibilities. This is
a big job, but we're
working on it now."
Before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs:
- Issue number 33, 1 October 1998, see minutes
and evidence;
- Issue number 39, 29 October 1998, see minutes
and evidence;
- Issue number 40, 4 November 1998, see minutes
and evidence;
- Issue number 41, 5 November 1998, see minutes
and evidence;
Warren Fenson, photo source: JAG Newsletter / Les actualités,
vol. 1, 2003 at p. 53
FENSON, Major Warren, "Afghanistan: A JAG Officers Field Primer"
(2003) vol. 1 JAG Newswletter 71-75;
for Counter Piracy Deployed on short
notice as on board legal advisor to the Commander
including over 60 days uninterrupted sea-time in the Gulf
of Aden and off the Coast of
Somalia. This Anti-Piracy mission was the first time that
the Royal Canadian Navy was directly focused on such a
task. Provided legal advice concerning the law of piracy
and the
use of force including advice to the Commander while
on the bridge during active encounters with pirates.
2007 to 2011 Deputy Judge Advocate: Esquimalt British
Columbia When not otherwise deployed, provided legal
advice on all matters of military issues including boards
of
inquiry, discipline and operational issues. - In
2010 deployed aboard HMCS Vancouver for a 5 day domestic
operation to support the RCMP with the interception and
seizure
of an illegal immigrate vessel.
2006 to 2007 Legal Advisor to Administrative Support
Investigation Centre (ASIC; Was the first full time legal
officer dedicated to ASIC to support their aim of
improving
boards of inquiries and other administrative
investigations for the Canadian Forces. - In that
capacity, was the officer responsible for the development
of a Administrative
Law Boards of Inquiry Course for the Office of the
Judge Advocate General.
2005 to 2006 Language Training Ottawa: - French language.
2002 to 2005 Directorate of Training: Ottawa was the
officer responsible for the development of Law of Armed
Conflict Training for the Canadian Forces. Was the lead
officer for many LOAC courses delivered across
Canada for 3 years. Lead a team to Jamaica three times to
provide the LOAC course to the Jamaican Defence Force and
forces from other Caribbean Nations. Presented on
the topic of the Canadian Forces system in development of
LOAC in Geneva. In 2004, deployed for 30 days. [Excerpt,
https://ca.linkedin.com/in/warren-fensom-0901812b,
accessed 13 January 2016]
___________on Warren Fensom, see Farrell, Jim, "Duty called
Canadian to 'Kandahar Bar' Practice", Edmonton Journal 19
February 2002 at p. A2, available at https://www.newspapers.com/
(accessed 15 May 2020);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Maj Warren Fenson
___________on Warren Fensom, see GREEN, Ben "Lawyer brings
occupational skills and hockey to Afghanistan", Lookout, 26
April 2011, at pp. 13 and 14; available at http://www.lookoutnewspaper.com/issues/56/2011-04-26-17.pdf
(accessed 15 August 2018); about Maj Warren Fensom;
___________"Op Apollo--Six Weeks in Adfhanistan", (2003) 1 JAG
Newsletter -- Les actualités 62-63; FRANÇAIS
___________ "Op Apollo -- Six semaines en Afghanistan",
(2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les actualités 64-65;
___________"Rules of Engagement Training -- A JAG's Perspective"
in Army Lessons Learned Center,
Dispatches, Lessons Learned for Soldiers -- Rules of Engagement,
Vol. 7, No. 1, October 2000 (Kingston, ON: Canada Communications
Group, 2000).; available at http://web.mac.com/dmlast/DavidMLast/Mongolia_files/vol7no1-ROE-_e.pdf
(accessed on 29 March 2012); ce document est aussi disponible en
français dans la publication Dépêches,
volume 7, numéro 1, octobre 2000; publiée par le Centre des Leçons
Retenues de L'armée est situé à Kingston, Ontario;
Francesca Ferguson
FERGUSON, Francesca, "From Reservist to Full-time Professional in
the Forces", Get to Know Your Forces, available at
http://www.forces.ca/en/profile/gettoknowyourforces-213?pedisable=true
(accessed 8 August 2016);
-------
Francesca
Ferguson
Image source for the above: https://twitter.com/forcesjobs/status/770966076096217088,
accessed 3 June 2017
Capt Francesca Ferguson
___________on Ferguson, Francesca, see CANADIAN ARMED FORCES,
"Legal Officer in the Canadian Armed Forces", You Tube published 6
August 2016; officers involved in the video are Lt(N) Derek
Schroeder and Capt Francesca Ferguson available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTfB1jFpxcU
(accessed 8 August 2016);
___________photo of Francesca Ferguson with other JAG members:
"From left, Marc-Andre Vary, Francesca Ferguson and Gary
Pattison, lawyers
with the Canadian Armed Forces, were out to support the
band Lateby10 at
Rockable Hours, held at Babylon nightclub on Bank Street
on Friday, Sept. 21,
2018. Photo by Caroline Phillips", source: obj.ca/article/legal-community-amps-it-rockable- hours-benefit-ottawa-food-bank,
accessed 7 June 2019.
FERGUSSON, Alex S., died in 1956, legal officer during
World War II, see "[Death notice] Alex S. Fergusson", The
Globe and Mail, 30 January 1956, at p. 4:
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________Capt A.S. Fergusson was the prosecutor in the
following court martial referred in the article: "Three Officers
Before General Court-Martial. Charge of Negligence Following
Death of Soldier. Plea of Not Guilty Entered By Capt. G.G.
Alleyn", Hamilton Spectator, 1944/01/06, available
at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5028992
(accessed 4 June 2019);
[Title of the article omitted from the image of the
article.]
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
-------------
Stéphanie von
Hlatky
Viviana Fernandez
Source of images: www.wiiscanada.org/
(accessed 16 September 2016)
FERNANDEZ, Viviana, Stéphanie von Hlatky, Women in International
Security Canada, Gender Mainstreaming in the Canadian Armed
Forces : Benchmarking with NATO Allies and Partners, Executive
Summary from the Workshop: Gender and the Armed Forces, Women
in International Security Canada, 23 November 2015, 3 p.;
available at http://www.wiiscanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/WIISLogoExecutive-Summary-SVH-Fernandez_SvH.pdf
(accessed 16 September 2016); note:"The workshop was sponsored by
the Centre for International and Defence Policy, the Defence
Engagement Program and the Conference on Defence Associations
Institute";
.
Harry Ferne, source of image: The Ottawa Citizen, 22 May 2003, at p. D16.
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/docview/....
FERNE Harry Curtis, Colonel CD
(Ret'd) born January 26, 1918 in Fort MacLeod, Alberta
passed away on May 17, 2003 at Victoria General Hospital
with his loving family by his side. Predeceased by his
parents Ernest and Doris, twin brother Ernest and his
beloved wife Jessie. Harry is survived by
his devoted children, Ernie (Jill), Don (Judi), Doug
(Ruth), Barbara (Chris) Valentine. His grandchildren
Sandra, Tracy, Andrew, Jessie, Jillian, Kim
(Peter), Katie (Dave), Mark (Tammie), Kevin (Darcie),
Mandy, Curtis and great grandson Owen. Also survived by
his brother Dave (Joy) and their
families. Harry received his teacher's certificate in
1940. He joined the Royal Canadian Navy September 1940 and
served at sea for the duration of
the Second World War. Harry received his law degree from
the University of British Columbia in 1950 and was
accepted to the Law Society of
British Columbia. In 1952 he returned to the Armed Forces
as a member of the Judge Advocate General's Branch,
retiring from the Armed Forces
in 1972. He became a Commissioner with the Canadian
Pension Commission in Ottawa until 1974. Harry then
returned to British Columbia as a
solicitor with the AttorneyGeneral's Department, until
1982. During his retirement years, Harry served on the
Board of the Victoria College
Craigdarroch Alumni Association as Vice-President. He
began writing poetry and has been published by the
International Poet's Society. The
cornerstone of Harry's life was his family. He embraced
the concept of family and the strength of the family unit.
In his words "the family is my
joy forever". Visitation for family and friends will be
held at McCALL BROS., Johnson and Vancouver Streets,
Victoria, B.C. on Wednesday,
May 21st from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Funeral Service will be
held Thursday, May 22nd, at 1:00 p.m. at McCall Bros.
Floral Chapel. Interment will
follow at Royal Oak Burial Park, 4673 Falaise Drive. If
desired, donations may be made in memory of Harry Ferne to
the Craigdarroch Castle
Historical Society, 1050 Joan Crescent, Victoria, B.C. V8S
3L5
He joined the Royal Canadian Navy September
1940 and served at sea for theduration of the Second World
War. Harry received his law degree from the University of
British Columbia in 1950 and was accepted to the Law Society
of British Columbia. In 1952 he returned to the Armed Forces
as a member of the Judge Advocate General's Branch, retiring
from the Armed Forces in 1972. He became a Commissioner with
the Canadian Pension Commission in Ottawa until 1974. Harry
then returned to British Columbia as a solicitor with the
AttorneyGeneral's Department, until 1982.
___________on FERNE, Captain(N) Harold (Harry), see
McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military
Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General,
c2002, at pages 90 and 213, available at 103-242;
___________on FERNE, Commander H.C., from Ottawa, as the
Judge-Advocate in the court martial referred to in the article:
"Severe Rerimand issued--Captain Guilty of negligence in
grounding", The Globe and Mail, 17 October 1968, at p. 8:
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Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 24 November 2018
___________photo of FERNE, Harry C., Commander, see "Now, Let Me
Consider This...", The Windsor Star, Windsor,
Ontario, 23 January 1965 at p. 12, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/...., accessed 28 May 2020;
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FERNET, Roseline, Capitaine avocate, membre du Barreau du Québec
et du Cabinet du Juge-avocat général, admise au Barreau du Québec
en 2018;
Image
source: , accessed 2 June 2017
James Ferrabe
FERRABE, James, Southam News, "[ A Canadian military judge ruled
Tuesday that... ]", CanWest
News, Mar 7, 1989, p.1; note: court martial held in Lahr,
Federal Republic of Germany; pleaded guilty to manslaughter;
LCol Alain Ménard, defending officer;
FERRON, Marc-André, Capitaine,
membre de l'étude du JAG, travaille pour le Directeur des
poursuites dans Obele Ngoudni F. (Caporal-chef), R. c.,
2017 CM 4019 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/hqf4p>,
consulté le 8 mai 2018;
__________sur FERRON, Marc-André, voir JUNG, Delphine, "Un
avocat [Marc-André Ferron] au service des militaires",
http://www.droit-inc.com/DROIT-INC, nouvelles, 7 septembre 2017
disponible à http://www.droit-inc.com/article21085-Un-avocat-au-service-des-militaires
(site consulté le 9 septembre 2017);
Le jeune homme [Marc-André Ferron] originaire de Repentigny se
lance alors en droit, à l’Université de Sherbrooke. Barreau 2011,
il fait ensuite une maîtrise
en droit international. C’est là que ses
professeurs lui parlent du juge-avocat général, le JAG, dans les
Forces armées canadiennes.
Après avoir travaillé au DPCP et au Tribunal spécial pour le Liban à
La Haye, le Capitaine Ferron pose sa candidature pour entrer dans
les Forces armées en 2014.
Après avoir brièvement pratiqué le
droit criminel comme procureur, j’ai fait partie de
la première cohorte de la maîtrise en droit international
et politique internationale
appliqués (DIPIA). Cette maîtrise a pourobjectif de
développer les compétences
nécessaires pour devenir un acteur de la scène
internationale. J’ai rédigé des avis
juridiques, participé à une simulation de négociation et
plaidé devant un banc de
juges internationaux lors du Concours de droit
international Charles-Rousseau tenu
en Roumanie.
FERRON, Martin, avocat, membre du Barreau du Québec (2012),
membre du Cabinet du Juge-avocat général (renseignements en date
du 28 juin 2018); travaille au Cabinet du Juge-avocat général, Selfkant-Kaserne,
Quimperlestrasse 100, Geilenkirchen
52511, ALLEMAGNE (renseignements en
date du 31 décembre 2018);
FETTERLY, R. W. (Robert Warren --"Bob"), Lieutenant-Commander, legal
officer with the OJAG (reserve force in 2009 and LCdr); was with
the Directorate of Military Prosecutions and counsel for Her
Majesty The Queen in the case of McKoena D.K.K. (Captain), R. v.,
2005 CM 6 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/282kt>
(accessed 10 May 2018);
Mr. Fetterly, a native of Oromocto, N.B., is a 1983
graduate of the University of Victoria
Law School,
in Victoria, B.C. In 2002,he
received a master in of public administration from
DalhousieUniversity.
Before joining the Nova Scotia Public ProsecutionService in 1989, he was in private
practice in British
Columbiaand later in Nova
Scotia. He was appointed senior Crown attorneyin 1995 and in 2002 he was
appointed senior Crown counsel. In2003 he was appointed acting chief Crown
attorney for Dartmouth and then Queen's counsel. Since 1978,
Mr. Fetterly has also beenin
the naval reserve. He is currently a
lieutenant-commander and a reserve military
prosecutor in the Judge Advocate General reserve. He will
help manage the Dartmouth office of 13 Crownattorneys and eight support staff.
____________photo hereunder of
Rob Fetterly with Commander Peter Lamont, image source: publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2010/forces/D1-16-2009-eng.pdf,
at p. 125:
LCdr Rob Fetterly,
legal officer, Reserve Force, right, with
military judge, Commander Peter Lamont
____________research note on Rob Fetterly: as of 2019, Robert W.
Fetterly was a Crown Attorney in Orangeville, Ontario, see https://www.lawyerscanada.net/robert-w-fetterly/,
accessed 20 July 2020;
Stew Fettes
FETTES, Stew, "Civilian courts should handle military accused of
crime", Regina Reader Post, 14 October 2016; available
at (accessed 25 October 2016); Mr. Fettes is President of
the Regina Civil Liberties Association;
The Canadian Forces is pondering the idea of those
accused of military sex crimes being tried in civilian
courts rather than in a court martial.
What that means is those accused of atrocious acts will
go to a public trial. If convicted, they will feel the
wrath of Canadians, the embarrassment that goes along with
it, fines, jail time and other penalties.
The old paramilitary organization we call the RCMP should
also switch to a civilian process.
Obituary
FERNE, Harry Curtis
Colonel CD (Ret'd) Born January 26, 1918 in
Fort MacLeod, Alberta, passed away on May 17,
2003 at Victoria General Hospital with his
loving family by his side. Predeceased by his
parents Ernest and Doris, his twin brother
Ernest and his beloved wife Jessie. Harry is
survived by his devoted children, Ernie
(Jill), Don (Judi), Doug (Ruth), Barbara
(Chris) Valentine; his grandchildren Sandra,
Tracy, Andrew, Jessie, Jillian, Kim (Peter),
Katie (Dave), Mark (Tammie), Kevin (Darcie),
Mandy, Curtis and great-grandson Owen. Also
survived by his brother Dave (Joy) and their
families. Harry received his teacher's
certificate in 1940. He joined the Royal
Canadian Navy in September 1940 and served at
sea for the duration of the Second World War.
Harry received his law degree from the
University of British Columbia in 1950 and was
accepted to the Law Society of British
Columbia. In 1952 he returned to the Armed
Forces as a member of the Judge Advocate
General's Branch, retiring from the Armed
Forces in 1972. He became a Commissioner with
the Canadian Pension Commission in Ottawa
until 1974. Harry then returned to British
Columbia as a solicitor with the Attorney
General's Department, until 1982. During his
retirement years, Harry served on the Board of
the Victoria College Craigdarroch Alumni
Association as Vice-President. He began
writing poetry and has been published by the
International Poet's Society. The cornerstone
of Harry's life was his family. He embraced
the concept of family and the strength of the
family unit. In his words "the family is my
joy forever". Funeral Service will be held
Thursday, May 22nd, at 1:00 p.m. at McCall
Bros. Floral Chapel, 1400 Vancouver Street,
Victoria, B.C. A memorial service will be held
in Ottawa at a later date. If desired,
donations may be made in memory of Harry Ferne
to the Craigdarroch Castle Historical Society,
1050 Joan Crescent, Victoria, B.C. V8S 3L5
McCall Bros. of Victoria 250-385-4465
Published in The Ottawa Citizen on
May 21, 2003
- See more at:
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=harry-ferne&pid=157402693#sthash.KxIC9UC3.dpuf
FERNE, Harry Curtis Colonel CD
(Ret'd) Born January 26, 1918 in Fort MacLeod, Alberta,
passed away on May 17, 2003 at Victoria General Hospital
with his loving family by his side. Predeceased by his
parents Ernest and Doris, his twin brother Ernest and
his beloved wife Jessie. Harry is survived by his
devoted children, Ernie (Jill), Don (Judi), Doug (Ruth),
Barbara (Chris) Valentine; his grandchildren Sandra,
Tracy, Andrew, Jessie, Jillian, Kim (Peter), Katie
(Dave), Mark (Tammie), Kevin (Darcie), Mandy, Curtis and
great-grandson Owen. Also survived by his brother Dave
(Joy) and their families. Harry received his teacher's
certificate in 1940. He joined the Royal Canadian Navy
in September 1940 and served at sea for the duration of
the Second World War. Harry received his law degree from
the University of British Columbia in 1950 and was
accepted to the Law Society of British Columbia. In 1952
he returned to the Armed Forces as a member of the Judge
Advocate General's Branch, retiring from the Armed
Forces in 1972. He became a Commissioner with the
Canadian Pension Commission in Ottawa until 1974. Harry
then returned to British Columbia as a solicitor with
the Attorney General's Department, until 1982. During
his retirement years, Harry served on the Board of the
Victoria College Craigdarroch Alumni Association as
Vice-President. He began writing poetry and has been
published by the International Poet's Society. The
cornerstone of Harry's life was his family. He embraced
the concept of family and the strength of the family
unit. In his words "the family is my joy forever".
Funeral Service will be held Thursday, May 22nd, at 1:00
p.m. at McCall Bros. Floral Chapel, 1400 Vancouver
Street, Victoria, B.C. A memorial service will be held
in Ottawa at a later date. If desired, donations may be
made in memory of Harry Ferne to the Craigdarroch Castle
Historical Society, 1050 Joan Crescent, Victoria, B.C.
V8S 3L5 McCall Bros. of Victoria 250-385-4465
Published in
The Ottawa Citizen on May 21, 2003
- See more at:
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/ottawacitizen/obituary.aspx?n=harry-ferne&pid=157402693#sthash.1AQfNvgX.dpuf
FIDELL, Eugene R., "A case of the slows", Global Military Justice
Reform web site, blog, 14 April 2016, available at http://globalmjreform.blogspot.ca/2016/04/a-case-of-slows.html
(accessed on 15 April 2016); replies by Michel Drapeau and Pascal
Lévesque;
The Star has this powerful editorial about the
Canadian Forces investigation into inaction
in the face of the sexual abuse of children by Afghan
forces.
The Ontario Superior Court, per Judge Martin James,
has granted a stay of proceedings in a case that began as a
military justice matter. The reason:
unreasonable delay by the Canadian Armed Forces, in
violation of s. 11(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms. The decision is R. v. Ward,
2015 ONSC 83, available here.
The Daily Observer has the
story.
Justice Letourneau's comments are more personal in tone
than I would have preferred. As editor, as well as someone
who has followed CF military justice as closely
as an observer can from a distance, I would like to offer
a different perspective. There have been major
developments in Canadian military law over the last
several
years, and it is undeniable that the Canadian
Forces' position has been sustained in several major cases
in the Supreme Court of Canada. To the extent that some or
all of those cases should have come out differently,
Parliament could enact corrective legislation (I can think
of at least one example where it ought to do so).
Reference should also be made to the laudable efforts at
outreach under Gen. Cathcart's leadership with respect to
potential areas of reform.
One wonders how many of the 40 cases said to be of
concern could be transferred to the civilian courts, where
the
accused's right to a jury trial could be honored.
Permitting those cases to proceed in the military courts
would mean
they would have to be retried in the event the Supreme
Court affirms the judgment in Beaudry. If you were
on the
Supreme Court would you grant the requested stay? What if
some of the 40 affected defendants preferred to continue
in military proceedings; can't they waive their right to a
trial by jury? And finally, how much of a burden on the
civilian
courts of Canada would it be to add 40 more?
In an interesting decision, the Court Martial
Appeal Court of Canada, on an appeal by the government, has
held that the prosecution need not prove actual prejudice
where the offense is conduct to the prejudice of good order
and discipline. The case is R.
v. Golzari, 2017 CMAC 3. Justice Richard
Mosley wrote for a unanimous court: ...
Documents
made available on the web by Global News reveal
a 2011 effort by the Judge Advocate General of the Canadian
Armed Forces to call into question public remarks by
now-retired Justice Gilles Létourneau. Justice
Létourneau, who served on the Federal Court of Appeal and the
Court Martial Appeal Court, has been an articulate, respected
voice for military justice reform, and responded firmly to a
letter the JAG sent to the late Edmond P. Blanchard,
who was at the time Chief Justice of the Court Martial Appeal
Court.
The report of the March 23-24, 2018 Yale Law School
workshop on the Draft UN Principles Governing the
Administration of Justice Through Military Tribunals -- "The
Yale Draft" -- can be found here.
___________"The European Court of Human Rights and Military
Justice", in
Michel Drapeau Law Office, ed., Winds
of Change: Conference and Debate on
Canadian Military Law, [Ottawa:]
Michel Drapeau Law Office, 2016, 102 p., at
pp. 35-43, NOTES: Conference held at the
University of Ottawa, 13 November 2015; "For
the first time an international academic
conference on military law was held in
Canada at the University of Ottawa with the
focus on reform and comparative law" (Gilles
Létourneau, Preface, p. 7);
"(Organizing Committee for the Conference:
Michel W. Drapeau, Joshua M. Juneau, Walter
Semianiw and Sylvie Corbin)"; "Speech
transcribed by Joshua M. Juneau, p. 31;
available at mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2015-Conference-Proceedings.pdf
(accessed 20 January
2016);
The decision, which is subject to further
appellate review, is pertinent to court-martial subject
matter
jurisdiction issues that are currently pending in
Canada.
Image
source:
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/military-justice-9780199303496?cc=us&lang=en&,
accessed 18 June 2016
___________Military Justice: A Very Short Introduction,
Oxford University Press, FORTHCOMING BOOK -- SEPTEMBER 2016
An issue of prosecutorial independence has been
raised in two cases pending before the Court Martial Appeal
Court of Canada, Thibault
(CMAC-581) and Gagnon (CMAC-577). The thrust of the
argument in each case is that the provisions of the National
Defence Act and
the Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian
Forces that authorize the Minister of National Defence to
appeal are invalid under
s. 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. In a nutshell,
these parties contend that the Minister is not independent, as
a prosecutor must be,
and as a consequence his notices of appeal in the two
cases must be quashed. An unsuspended declaration of
invalidity is sought. The
core question is stated as follows:
Would a reasonable person who is
aware of the relationship that exists between the Executive
and the prosecutor conclude that the
prosecutor is free from pressure by the Executive?
The Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada has
handed down its ruling in R.
v. Hoekstra, 2017 CMAC 5, an appeal by the
government on
the ground that the sentence was too lenient. The unanimous
decision, written by Justice Patrick Gleeson,
usefully articulates the governing
principles -- and increases the sentence from 60 days to 14
months' confinement, while staying the unserved portion
Of possible interest to readers of Global Military
Justice Reform: the motion for intervention in support of
the application for leave to appeal to the
Supreme Court of Canada in Stillman v. H.M. The Queen,
SCC No. 37701, filed by Ottawa attorneys Michel W.
Drapeau and Joshua Juneau on
behalf of the editor. It is available here.
At issue is whether the military nexus test must be met in
order for a court-martial to exercise jurisdiction over
offenses under § 130(1)(a) of the National Defence Act. The
decision of the Court Martial Appeal Court can be found here.
FIDELL, Eugene R., Dwight Hall Sullivan, Elizabeth Lutes Hillman,
Military justice: cases and materials, 2nd ed., New
Providence, NJ : LexisNexis, c2012, xxxiii, 1327, [16] p. : ill. ;
27 cm;
-------------------------
Robert Fife, image
source:
Steven Chase, image source:
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/robert-fife
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/steven-chase
An Ontario Superior Court
justice has issued a ruling to lift a publication ban and
unseal large sections of a redacted RCMP affidavit
concerning
the criminal investigation of Vice-Admiral Mark Norman for
alleged breach of trust in leaking government secrets.
....
In a ruling released late on
Friday, Justice Kevin Phillips said the RCMP affidavit can
be released, although details involving cabinet secrets
will remain redacted.
Image
source: cbc.ca/news/politics/norman-military-relieved-1.3937401,
accessed 25 April 2017
Vice Admiral Mark Norman, December 2015 (CBC)
FINDLATER, V.G. (Vic), Major, lawyer, member of the OJAG,
photo in "Lethal weapon", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les
actualités 76-77 (reproduced above);
__________photo of Major Vic Findlater, DJA Cold Lake, from
(2004) 1 Les actualités -- JAG --Newsletter at p. 7:
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
FINDLAY, Trevor, 1951-, Stockholm International
PeaceResearch Institute, The Use of Force in UN Peace
Operations, Solna, Sweden : SIPRI; Oxford ; New York :
Oxford University Press, 2002, xii, 486 p. ; 24 cm,
ISBN: 0198292821 (hardback); available at https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/books/SIPRI02Findlay.pdf
(accessed 5 July 2018);
Biographical Information:
Harry Finkle, or Finklestein, was one of the first
generation of Jewish lawyers in Ontario. In his early
career, he worked in the office of the Judge
Advocate General in the Department of Militia and Defence.
He also practised with Jacob Pearlstein, another early
Jewish lawyer.
Source: Arthur D. Hart, ed., The Jew in Canada
(Jewish Publications Ltd., 1926), 402.
FIRTH, L.M. (Lorne Miller), Colonel, member of the OJAG, was
Director (Administrator) of Estates (Navy, Army and Air Force),
see The Quarter Army List, August 1946, London: Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, at p. 175 (digitalized page number) https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/90102855,
accessed 20 March 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on FIRTH, L.M. (Lorne Miller), Colonel, see his death
notice at The Ottawa Citizen, Friday, 27 May 1983, available
at https://www.newspapers.com/image/...
, accessed 19 June 2020;
FISHER, John R., Major, Bail
or Jail, Release or Retention Pending Trial under Military
Justice in Canada, Canadian Forces College, 2010, 90, [8]
p., JCSP 35 DL, Master of Defence Studies Research Project,
C/PR-500/IRP/RP-02; available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/papers/csc/csc35/mds/fisher.pdf
(accessed on 4 April 2011);
Summary
In 1982, enshrining the Charter of Rights and Freedoms into the
new Canadian Constitution created supreme law by imposing
consistency
and full judicial review upon all legislation across the country
and recognizing military law as a distinct division of law. Since
then, the
military justice system has undergone a major evolution that is
still underway to meet changes resulting from constitutional
challenges
under the Charter. Within military justice procedures, provisions
for pre-trial custody and release considerations have recently
been part
of this evolution and reflect ongoing developments in the law of
bail, driven primarily by criminal cases decided by the Supreme
Court
of Canada. In examining the evolution of military bail, this paper
provides an historical treatment of the law of bail in Canada as
it
pertains to the military justice system, explores the present
legislative framework and finally compares the military and
criminal justice
systems in certain key areas. The long held quasi-judicial role of
commissioned officers within the armed forces provides the
foundation
for the duties and responsibilities of Custody Review Officers
(CRO) within the legislative framework of military bail. Has the
military
justice system kept pace with the criminal justice system in
meeting the demands of the Charter, or is it lagging, thus risking
a perception
of inequality of justice for those in custody awaiting trial for
service and civil offences tried before military courts? In actual
fact, criminal
law has a natural lead role in the evolution of the law of bail
and military law is on a consistent course and keeping pace with
it. The
combined efforts of Parliament and the Department of National
Defence through the Office of the Judge Advocate General, as well
as
through the decisions of military judges, continue to ensure that
Canada’s military justice system is responsive to the demands of a
free
and democratic society. - Author's abstract [Source: http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 January 2012]
Summary
In this lecture, John Fisher covers basic summary trial
proceedings, as well as Canadian Forces personnel’s entitlements
under the system of Canadian
military justice. The programme consists of a lecture and
Powerpoint presentation. Such topics as the purpose of military
justice, the legal basis for
military justice in terms of national and international
legislation, members’ rights under the Code of Service Discipline,
procedure under the CSD,
the difference between summary trials and court-martial,
punishment, and the provision of legal advice, are discussed.
[Source: http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 January 2011]
___________“The Right to Legal Counsel at Summary Trial” a paper
solicited by the Office of the Judge Advocate General concerning
Recommendation No. 7 to the Prime Minister by the Special Advisory
Committee on Military Justice and Military Police Investigation
Services. Barrie, 1997; title noted in my research but document
not consulted (18 December 2011);
___________“Worst Case Scenario, a Brief to the Special Advisory
Committee on Military Justice and Policing.” Barrie, 1997, 13, 2,
8 p. [Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General, Dept. of
National Defence, 1997];
Summary
The aim of this brief is to provide the members of the Special
Advisory Group with some insight into the perceptions of military
justice and
policing from a personal perspective gained “in the trenches” of
both the military and civilian justice systems. The Canadian Armed
Forces,
including its justice and policing systems, are presently in a
state of crisis, causing concerns in public confidence. The
problems appear to
stem from a decline in moral integrity related to the military
principles of loyalty, duty and honour. These are issues of
professional attitude,
leadership and accountability. The public has been inundated with
allegations of bizarre behaviour, criminal acts and breaches of
trust. What
is required is a long-term, well-thought-through solution, and not
a quick-fix for the sake of expediency in meeting short-term
political
exigencies. A long-term solution is proposed through formal
education and training within the military system, to create and
ensure that a
military justice system, to create and ensure that a military
justice system is in place and capable of functioning in the worst
case scenario.
In the short term, immediate steps should be taken to create a
system of credible and tangible checks and balances, including a
proper
judicial bench within the federal courts system for military
judges and an autonomous military police organization under the
aegis of the
Minister of Justice and the Solicitor General, respectively.
Additionally, military police should undergo training at civilian
police colleges
to augment their military training. - Executive Summary
[source: ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 January 2012]
FISHER, Luke,“Armed and Gay:
Homosexuals in the Military Face an Uneasy Welcome”, Maclean’s [Toronto
ed.], May 24, 1993, pp. 14-15;
“Canada lifted
the ban on gays serving in the military in Oct. 1992 after a
lesbian lieutenant sued the military for discrimination.She won her case and the armed forces were quietly integrated.There has been
little publicoutcry,
but gays say social stigma makes it hard to be open” –
summary in Expanded Academic ASAP electronic index.Includes brief
comparisonswith
policies of six other countries.
(source:
http://library2.usask.ca/srsd/gaycanada/misc/MILITARY.htm,
accessed 18 August 2016)
Image
source: https://www.cigionline.org/person/oonagh-fitzgerald,
accessed 8 February 2016
Oonagh Fitzgerald
__________ "Oonagh Fitzgerald, Background", available at http://www.cigionline.org/person/oonagh-fitzgerald,
accessed on 24 November 2014;
Oonagh Fitzgerald is director of CIGI’s International Law
Research Program, effective April 2014. She oversees the
research direction of the
program and related activities.
Oonagh has extensive experience as a senior executive of
various departments of the federal government. In
October 2011, she was appointed
national security coordinator for the Department of Justice
Canada. In this role she ensured strategic leadership and
integration of the department’s
policy, advisory and litigation work in relation to national
security.
From 2007–2011, Oonagh served as the Department of
National Defence and Canadian Forces legal adviser,
leading a
large corporate counsel team of civilian Department of
Justice lawyers, military lawyers and Department of
National
Defence administrative professionals. Prior to
this she served as acting chief legal counsel for the Public
Law Sector of the Department
of Justice (2004-2005), and before that was special adviser
for international law (2003). From 2000 to 2002, she
was assistant secretary to Cabinet,
Legislation and House Planning/Counsel, Privy Council
Office, Canada. Oonagh has held a number of other
positions in the Department of Justice:
senior general counsel and director general, Human Resources
Development Canada Legal Services Unit (1998–2000); general
counsel and director,
International Law and Activities Section (1997-1998); senior
counsel for Regulatory Reform (1994-1996); and legal
adviser, Human Rights Law
Section (1987–1994). She began her career in the federal
government as a consultant at the Law Reform Commission of
Canada; then as a
commerce officer, Marketing Practices Branch, Bureau of
Competition Policy; and legal adviser at the Immigration
Appeal Board. (emphasis in
bold added; source: http://www.cigionline.org/person/oonagh-fitzgerald,
accessed on 24 November 2014).
I
provided legal leadership to the Department of National
Defence and Canadian Forces, a client with significant
land, infrastructure, materiel
and equipment holdings and an annual budget of over $20
Billion. I led a staff of 108 comprised of Department of
Justice lawyers, DND civilians
and CF JAG military lawyers providing public law,
compliance and governance, procurement, contract,
intellectual property, real property, oil & gas,
environmental, labour, human rights and national
security law advisory services, claims and litigation
support, and legislative and regulatory drafting
services.
___________FITZGERALD, Oonagh, principal consultant, Law Reform
Commission of Canada, et al., Crimes against the State,
Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1986, [viii], 72 p.,
(series; Working Paper; 49), ISBN: 066254241X; pdf conversion
finished on 10 November 2006; information on the French
version/informations sur la version française, FITZGERALD,
Oonagh, conseillière principale, Commission de réforme du droit du
Canada, et al., Les crimes contre l'État, Ottawa:
Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1986, [viii], 76 p.,
(Collection; Document de travail; 49), ISBN: 066254241X; ENGLISH VERSION (Reproduced with the permission of the
Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2006)
VERSION FRANÇAISE ( Reproduit avec la permission
du ministre des Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada,
2010)
- Table des
matières;
-[i-viii]
et 1-76;
___________DND/CF LA Level 1 Business Plan 2009-2010, 38 p.;
available at http://lareau-legal.ca/A-2015-00726.pdf
(posted 6 October 2015); Oonagh Fitzgerald was then the Legal
Advisor to the Department of National Defence and the Canadian
Forces; François Lareau obtained this document after an Access to
Information request, see http://www.lareau-law.ca/Access1Oct15.pdf;
FITZGERALD, Thomas E.K., Canadian Military Sentencing Digest,
2016, Carswell, 2016, xxxvii, 178 pages, ISBN: 978-0-7798-7199-5l;
see
http://www.carswell.com/product-detail/canadian-military-sentencing-digest-2016/,
accessed 29 June 2016; see table of contents at http://www.carswell.com/product-detail/canadian-military-sentencing-digest-2016/
(accessed 23 September 2017); copy at Ottawa University: Brian Dickson Law Library FTX
GeneralKE 7146 .F58 2016;
The Canadian Military Sentencing Digest,
2016 provides a comprehensive digest service on
sentencing in the Canadian Military.
The book provides an up to date collection of Canadian
military sentences at the Court Martial Court of Canada
(CMC) and
Canadian Military Court of Appeal (CMAC) levels as they
arise. Semi-annual updates of current decisions from the
Court
Martial Court, the Court Martial Appeal Court, the Federal
Court and Supreme Court of Canada will also be provided. The
Canadian Military Sentencing Digest, 2016 will not only
provide a systematic listing of court decisions by military
offence
but will set out military sentencing principles and other
useful information.
-----------------------------
Major (Ret) Thomas E.K Fitzgerald, M.A.,
LL.B has a distinguished career as a Prosecutor, both in the
Ontario Public Service
and in the Office of the Judge Advocate General (OJAG). He
graduated with a Master of Laws from Queen's University
(Kingston)
and a Bachelor of Laws from the same university. He was
written numerous articles on criminal law, constitutional
law and military
history. In 2012, he was appointed Senior Counsel with the
Ministry of the Attorney General. In 2015 he received the
Courage and
Perseverance Award from the Federal, Provincial and
Territorial Heads of Prosecution.
____________"The Nexus Disconnected : The Demise of the Military
Nexus Doctrine", (December 2017) 65(1 and 2) The Criminal Law
Quarterly 155 to aprox. 163;
___________obituary, FITZGERALD,
Thomas Ernest Keith (Tom), 6 March 1956-14 July 2017, former JAG
officer;
We are deeply
saddened to announce the passing of Tom Fitzgerald,
affectionately known as Tommy, Major Tom or simply
Fitz.
...
After articling at the
Ministry of the Attorney General, Crown Law
Criminal, he became an Assistant Crown Attorney in
Durham
Region in 1985 and in 1993 he was appointed as the
Crown Attorney in North Bay and later the Director
of Crown Operations in
the North Region where he mentored junior lawyers
and was a respected member of the legal community.
...
Tom was born
into a military family. He joined the Canadian
Forces himself at the tenderage of 50 where he
completed basic
training as a member of the 2nd Battalion of the
Irish Regiment alongside soldiers who were half
his age.
Tom was
commissioned an officer and seconded to the Judge
Advocate General’s staff in Ottawa for several
years.
His legal
experience made him an enormous asset in assisting
with the prosecution of a widely-watched homicide
case in Kandahar.
Later, Tom deployed for nine months to the NATO
Training Mission Afghanistan, Kabul Military
Training Centre Advisory Group, Camp
Alamo Afghanistan where he helped develop local
legal structures and procedures.
On returning
to the Crown Attorney’s office, Tom was appointed
General Counsel for Central East and worked out of
the Durham
Region office where he renewed many personal and
professional relationships. After a reluctant
early retirement and despite his
illness, Tom continued his teaching efforts by
authoring the first book-length treatment of
sentencing guidelines for offenders in the
military justice system. (source: http://www.canadianobituaries.com/durham/67405-thomas-fitzgerald-july-14-2017,
accessed 18 July 2017)
FITZ-JAMES, D. Michael, Editor's Desk, "Rejigging the JAG" (February
2001) Canadian Lawyer 4; **** research note: author died on
27 March 2005 (age 54)and was the founder of the Lawyers Weekly, see
http://micheladrien.blogspot.com/2005/03/in-memoriam-michael-fitz-james.html;
published by H. P. Publications, 1977-; the SCC library has one
number PER 2001 V. 25; see web site https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/
and to subscribe Please call 1-800-387-5164; thomson reuters; Canadian Lawyer and its sister
publications Canadian Lawyer
InHouse, Canadian Lawyer
4Students, and Law Times
have been bought by Carswell, a Thomson Reuters business
headquartered in Toronto;
Launched in 1977, Canadian Lawyer delivers
unbiased reporting and analysis of the legal
landscape from coast to coast and across all areas of
practice. Focused on both the practice
and the profession, Canadian Lawyer
delivers award-winning editorial content that informs,
inspires and occasionally inflames the lawyers, corporate
counsel, judges, law professors,
and students-at-law who consider it a "must-read." It is
published in print and digitally
11 times a year. www.canadianlawyermag.com
Image
source: cbc.ca/mediacentre/bio/meagan-fitzpatrick,
accessed 27 April 2017
Meegan Fitzpatrick
FITZPATRICK, Meegan, "Military justice system faces revamp", Calgary
Herald, 25 April 2008; title noted in my research but document
not consulted yet;
___________ "Military justice system faces shakeup; Defendants
should choose type of court martial", 25 April 2008 Edmonton Journal p. A.9;
title noted in my research but article not consulted;
"Five Buckingham Girls Testify To Drinking And Dancing With German
Prisoners of War in Thurso Hotel", Sherbrooke Daily Record,
Tuesday, 28 mars 1944 at pp. 1 and 2; available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/retrieve/7619561
(accessed 6 April 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
FLAHERTY, Elaine, "[ The Canadian Armed Forces goes to
the... ]", CanWest News, Jan 30, 1994, p.1,
FLAVIN, Thomas, Commander, member of the JAG office; photo
of LCdr Flavin hereunder, Lookout, vol. 55, number 46, 15
November 2010, at p.12:
"At the annual Office of the Judge Advocate General
legal conference, the Assistance Judge Advocate
General (AJAG) Office for Pacific Region won the
award for the Top AJAG office. The award recognizes
their efforts throughout the past year. Left
to right: Lt(N) Heather Fogo, CPO1 Brian Forsyth,
LCol RandyCallan,
LCdr Thomas Flavin , Alix
McKenzie and Kevin Stewart."
___________on Flavin, Thomas, see DEROSA, Katie, " Photos and
Stories of 16 Military Workers at the Base", Times Colonist, 30
May 2012, available at pressreader.com/canada/times-colonist/20100530/281517927354430
(accessed 25 April 2017); one of the 16 military worker is
Lt.-Cmdr. Thomas Flavin, "The Lawyer";
Thomas Flavin
___________photo of FLAVIN, Thomas, Commander with others:
We are pleased to quite often host law
students in our offices as interns. Seen here are @UAlbertaLaw
students Sarah Offredi and Luke Stretch with Cdr
Thomas Flavin [second
from left] ]and the AJAG team in Edmonton."
Image
source:
https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Law-Visiting-Forces/dp/0198268947,
accessed 26 September 2016
FLECK, Dieter, ed., The handbook
of the law of visiting forces / edited by Dieter Fleck ; in
collaboration with Stuart Addy ... [et al.], Oxford; New
York : Oxford University Press, 2001, xxxv, 625 p. ; 24 cm, ISBN:
0198268947; now there is a second edition in 2018;
FLEMING, Stephan B. (Stephan Bernard), 1961-, The
civilianization theory of civil-military relations [microform] :
they have met the enemy and he is us, thesis sunmitted
to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts,
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, May
1989, iv, 149 leaves; available at https://curve.carleton.ca/c9ce89fe-7c66-4a10-bd6c-98ac42145235
(accessed 5 October 2016);
This study
critiques assumptions of the dominant paradigm in North
American civil-military relations theory. The
civilianization
model portrays historical change in civil- military
relations as encompassing the decline of military
institutional traditions by the
penetration of civilian administration, and the erosion
of military professionalism as soldiers adopt the
materialistic ethos.
War and society theory was employed in the conduct of
three critical research strategies. The first examined
the underestimated
impact of military forces
in the emergence of the nation-state, bureaucracy, and
capitalism. The second considered documentary
data, arguing that the prediction of the imminent
collapse of the martial spirit reflects an enduring
moral panic blaming the victim,
the soldier. Finally, the belief that remunerative and
normative techniques have limited reliance on coercion
in disciplining Canadian troops was tested with using post-Korean War
period data. The study concludes that military decline
has been greatly exaggerated.
FLETCHER, E.A. (Ernest Angus), Major, Assistant Judge
Advocate-General, in military district number 10 with Headquarters
in Winnipeg in 1946, see The Quarterly Army List, April
1946, Part I, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1946
at p. 183 (bottom page number) or pp. 181-182 (top page number),
available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8964/89641296.23.pdf
(accessed 21 March 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on Fletcher, E.A. (Ernest Angus), see his article "M.D.
10 Personalities: Military Law Assures Soldier of Justice No. 14
Major E.A, Fletcher" at The Winnipeg Tribune, 13
March 1944, p. 4, available at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10917913/the-winnipeg-tribune/(accessed
19 April 2020);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on Fletcher, E.A. (Ernest Angus), see "Major Fletcher
Leaves Prairie Command Post", The Winnipeg Tribune, 4 September
1947 at p. 5; available at https://www.newspapers.com/...,
accessed 21 May 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
FLEURY, J.G. (Jean-Guy), The Canadian Soldier And The State:
The Chief Of Defense Staff And The National Security Policy The
Need For A More Formal Relationship, Canadian Forces College
NSSC 4, March 2002, 30 p.,; available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/281/274/fleury.pdf
(accessed 28 December 2016);
FLYNN, P.J., Major, General List, Assistant Judge
Advocate-General, in military district number 2 with Headquarters
in Toronto in 1946, see The Quarterly Army List, April
1946, Part I, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1946
at p. 180 (bottom page number) or p. 178 (top page number),
available at https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8964/89641296.23.pdf
(accessed 21 March 2019);
___________the case of Re Thompson, 1945 CanLII 122 (ON SC), <http://canlii.ca/t/g12tp>,
discloses that Major P.J. Flynn, Assistant Judge Advocate General,
Military District No. 2, made an affidavit;
FOGO, Heather S., "A Legal Mirage: State Responsibility for
Non-State Actor Interference with Space Systems", (October 2018)
55 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 180-214;
Abstract
Outer space is becoming a more accessible and less
expensive domain in which
to operate. Consequently, growing numbers of state and
non-state actors (NSAs)
are operating in, to, and through space. At the same
time, instances of space-based
and ground-based interference with space systems are
also increasing, disrupting
crucial space-supported services and applications relied
on by millions, with great
financial and operational costs. The increased
participation of NSAs in space
activities raises particular concerns, especially the
threat of intentional interference
with space systems by nefarious actors like terrorist
organizations. It also requires
consideration of whether states bear responsibility
and/or liability for the acts of
NSAs with a nexus to those states. At first glance, it
is tempting to conclude that
one or more normative legal regimes would apply. The
potential regimes include
international space law, international
telecommunications law, and the law of state
responsibility. On further examination, however, when it
comes to interference,
there appears to be no effective legal mechanism to hold
states accountable for
NSA interference with space systems, which can be
exploited by NSAs and
challenge efforts by states to enforce “good” behaviour.
___________on FOGO, Heather, see PITMAN, Teresa, "Lawyer's Career
Follows Military Path: Guelph Grads on the Go--Providing legal
advice is part of the job", Tuesday, 7 January 2014, University of
Guelph; article about JAG officer Heather Fogo; available at http://atguelph.uoguelph.ca/2014/01/lawyers-career-follows-military-path/
(accessed on 28 January 2014);
source
de l'image:
https://www.amazon.ca/GRENADE-VERTE-HUGO-FONTAINE/dp/2923681819,
visité 26 aot 2017
FONTAINE, Hugo, La grenade verte. Valcartier 1974 : les
oubliés de la compagnie D, Montréal, Éditions La Presse,
2011, 199 pages;
"Forces Agree to End Anti-Gay Policies: Ottawa Pays Former Officer
$100,000to Settle
Rights Suit”, The Globe and Mail, 28 October 1992, pp. A1,
A8 (source:
http://library2.usask.ca/srsd/gaycanada/misc/MILITARY.htm, accessed
10 May 2017); about lesbian lieutenant's case that ended the
interdiction of homosexuality in the CF; Federal Court decision of
27 October 1992, by Justice William A. MacKay;
FORCESE, Craig, "10 Minute Primer: Assessment of National
Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians
Functions", June 2016, available at https://vimeo.com/172601622
(accessed on 21 August 2016);
___________“Balancing the Right to Full Answer and Defence with
need to Protect Sensitive Information, in the Context of National
Security Proceedings”, Annual Conference of the Judge
Advocate General, Canada (Ottawa), October 2007;
___________“National Security Law”, Annual Conference of the Judge
Advocate General, Canada (Ottawa), October 2006;
___________National Security Law
: Canadian Practice in International Perspective,
Toronto: Irwin Law, 2007, xxix, 655 p.;
___________"Nutshell Primer: National Security Accountability Review
in Canada", June 2016, available at https://vimeo.com/171962586
(accessed on 21 August 2016);
___________Research Report:
Assessment of Complainants’ Legal Claims [concerning
international law and the actions of Canadian Forces in relation
to Afghan detainees], Prepared for the
Military Police Complaints Commission in relation to MPCC
2008-042, 2010; available at http://craigforcese.squarespace.com/national-security-law-blog/?currentPage=24
(accessed on 16 December 2013);
FORCESE, Craig, Leah West Sherriff, INTRIPID, A Podcast
called, by Stephanie Carvin and Craig Forcese, at itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/intrepid/id1289996203#,
accessed 5 July 2018 (accessed 6 July 2018);
Image
source: ca.linkedin.com/in/leah-west-sherriff-61152868,
accessed 25 November 2017
Leah West Sherriff
___________"Killing Citizens: Core Legal Dilemmas in the Targeted
Killing of Canadian Foreign Terrorist Fighters (August 26, 2016)"
(2017) 54 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 134-187,
available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2830602;
Abstract
For the first time since the introduction of
the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canada is an
armed conflict with an insurgency that has actively
recruited Canadians
and directed them to use or promote violence against Canada. In the
result, the Canadian government may ask its soldiers to
target and kill fellow Canadians, or to assist allies
in doing so. This situation raises a host of novel legal
issues, including the question of “targeted killing”
confronted by the United Kingdom in 2015 when it
directed military force
against several Britons believed to plotting a terrorist
attack. That incident sparked a report from the British
Parliament highlighting legal dilemmas. This article
does the same for Canada by
focusing on the legal implications surrounding a
targeted killing by the Canadian government of a
Canadian citizen. It examines how a Canadian policy of
targeted
killing
would oblige Canada
to make choices on many weighty legal matters. First, it
discusses the Canadian public law rules that apply when
the Canadian Armed Forces deploy
in armed conflicts overseas. It then analyzes the
international laws governing military force, scrutinized
from the perspective of use of force (jus ad bellum) and
the law of armed
conflict (jus in bello). It also examines an alternative
body of international law: that governing peacetime uses
of lethal force. The article concludes by weaving
together these areas
of law into a single set of legal questions that would
necessarily need to be addressed prior to a targeted
killing of a Canadian.
FORCESE, Craig, Kent Roach, "Bridging the National Security
Accountability Gap: A Three-Part System to Modernize Canada’s
Inadequate Review of National Security,” Canadian Network
for Research on Terrorism, Security and Society, April 2016;
series: TSAS Working Paper No. 16-04; available at http://tsas.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/TSASWP16-04_Forcese-Roach.pdf
(accessed 21 August 2016); excellent
bibliography on the topic;
___________False Security: The Radicalization of Canadian
Anti-terrorism, Toronto [Ontario] : Irwin Law, 2015;
___________ "Stumbling toward Total Information Awareness: The
Security of Canada Information Sharing Act", (June 2015) 12(7) Canadian
Privacy Law Review 65-76; available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2622703
(accessed on 11 August 2016);
Just
before dawn on 25 June 1940, and while working
in the
office of the Deputy Judge Advocate
General (DJAG),
Lieutenant-Colonel R.S.W. Fordham received
instructions
to proceed immediately to Camp Borden just
outside Barrie,
Ontario. Upon his arrival Fordham’s
superiors designated
him Commandant of a new Prisoner of War
(POW) camp, which would be established shortly at
Mimico, Ontario. Fordham’s superiors stressed
that the organization and
administrative work was to begin as
soon as possible, since
they expected the first prisoners to arrive
within several days.20 The following day, Fordham visited the
former Ontario
Reformatory in Mimico and supervised the
initial renovations necessary to transform the site into
an internment camp.
[at p. 96]
___________member of the Income Tax Board and author of the Canadian
Income Tax Appeal Board Practice, Toronto: CCH Canadian
Limited, 1958, xx, 220 p.;
Lieutenant-Colonel Reginald Sydney Walter
Fordham, Commissioner of Refugee Camps from
1940 to 1943. (Library and Archives Canada/
Photographer Unknown/Eric Koch Fonds/e010963518)
___________on
LCol R.S.W. Fordham see Michael O'Hagan, Beyond the
Barbed Wire: POW Labour Projects in Canada during the Second
World War, Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontarion
2020, at p. 62; available at https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9207&context=etd
(accessed 18 April 2020);
With P.C. 2326 placing the
administration of POW labour in the hands
of the Department of Labour,
Cabinet authorized the department to
establish the Directorate of Labour
Projects on June 2, 1943 and the
department soon after appointed Lt.-Col. Reginald
Sidney Walter Fordham as
Director. A lawyer from Niagara Falls, Fordham had spent two years as a POW in Germany in
the First World War and
had served as the Commissioner
of Refugee Camps in Canada
since 1941. at https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9207&context=etd
Video
still (made 23 August 2016)
On the far right, representing Canada, Colonel Rob Holman
Foro Interamericano sobre Justicia Militar, "Video de
introduccion del II Foro Interamerican sobre Justicia Militar", August 2014, You Tube video, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHe9GqigQBc
(accessed 23 August 2016);
Image
source: ca.linkedin.com/in/keith-reichert-94227537, accessed 5
November 2016
Major Keith Reichert, one of the
speakers at the conference
The 1st International Conference
on Military Law in South Africa, hosted by the South
African National Defence Force and the Defence
Legal Services Division over the period 31 October to
4 November 2016 at the CSIR International Convention Centre
in Pretoria, has concluded.
The conference theme (“Contemporary Military Law”)
was explored with sub-themes relating to International
Military Law, Human Rights Law,
Operational Law and the Administration of Military
Justice. The objectives of the conference – to raise
public awareness of the importance of
Military Law in a democracy and to stimulate interest in
academic research in this specialised field of Public Law
to strengthen the development
of South African Military Law – were successfully met with
a number of international and local academics and military
professionals presenting
research papers regarding the conference theme.
With delegates and presenters arriving for accreditation
on Monday, 31 October 2016, the conference was officially
opened on Tuesday, 1 November
2016 by Gen Solly Shoke (the Chief of the South African
National Defence Force), who in his address welcomed the
opportunity provided by the
conference for South African military lawyers to benchmark
local approaches with that of other armed forces, and
expressing the wish that the
conference would also provide a basis for evaluating
whether any amendments to military- and other legislation
may be necessary to empower
commanders to instil and maintain military discipline.
......
The Administration of Military Justice sub-them [sic]
commenced with a presentation by Major General Blaise
Cathcart, the Judge Advocate General
of the Canadian Armed Forces wherein he outlined the
features of the Canadian military justice system, where
after Major Keith Reichert, the
Assistant Chief of Staff (Strategic) on Major General
Cathcart’s staff, reported on the Court Martial
Comprehensive Review process presently being
conducted to evaluate whether any revision of the Canadian
military justice system is required to enhance its
effectiveness or legality.
Image
source: https://www.google.com, accessed 6 August 2018
Maryse Forget
FORGET, Maryse, Avocate pour Justice Canada, travaille pour
OFFICE OF THE LEGAL ADVISOR TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
AND THE CANADIAN FORCES -- DND/CF LA --LSDAODRS (Legislative
Support and DAOD Review Services)/CABINET DE LA CONSEILLÈRE
JURIDIQUE AUPRÈS DU MINISTÈRE DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE ET DES
FORCES CANADIENNES -- CJ MDN/FC --SSLSRDOAD (Soutien des services
législatifs et service de révision des DOAD); research note by
François Lareau: I had the chance to work with Maryse at the House
of Commons;
Maryse Forget, LL.B., M.A., C. Trad. Après des
études en droit à l’Université de Montréal et un bref
passage en pratique
privée où elle exerce dans le domaine du droit du travail,
Maryse Forget quitte le droit actif pour se consacrer à sa
grande
passion : la langue française. Elle obtient une maîtrise
en Études françaises à l’Université de Montréal grâce
à l’analyse juridique d’un texte de littérature médiévale,
puis un certificat en traduction à l’Université McGill,
avant de
terminer sa scolarité de doctorat en Littérature française
à l’Université d’Ottawa. Son intérêt pour la
jurilinguistique
dans la société bilingue et bijuridique du Canada l’amène
alors à dédier sa carrière à la rédaction et à la
traduction juridiques,
domaines où l’exactitude et le mot juste sont rois.
Image
source:
forces.gc.ca/en/news/article.page?doc=operation-impact-technical-briefing/i520ieam,
accessed 11 April 2017
Paul W. Forget
------
Scott
Forster
Scott Forster; this photo comes from the document
"Celebration
of Life" distributed at the military Beechwood
Cemetery for
Scott’s burial service on 26 June 2018
FORSTER, S.H. (Scott Hurst), 1942-2018, Colonel, former JAG
officer:
Scott Hurst Forster had a distinguished, 40-year
career with the Canadian Armed Forces. Born in Toronto
in 1942,
he graduated with a B.A. degree from York University and
an LL.B. degree from Queen’s University. Scott enrolled
at the Royal Canadian Military College in 1964, and
served three years as a Pilot Officer, Reserve in the
Royal
Canadian Air Force (RCAF). In 1967, as a newly minted
lawyer, he joined the Office of the Judge Advocate
General
(JAG), the senior judicial authority for the Canadian
Armed Forces.
For the next 30 years, Scott served around the world in
a series of increasingly responsible positions with
commensurate
rank. He was a Legal Officer for Trenton, Ontario;
National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa; Bonn, Cologne,
Soest and
Lahr in West Germany; the Royal Canadian Navy base in
Victoria, B.C.; and the Royal Canadian Army base in
Gagetown,
N.B. He was stationed to United Nations bases for
peacekeeping missions in Cairo, Egypt and Nicosia,
Cyprus, and
subsequently appointed Assistant to the Judge Advocate
General for the Prairie Region, Northwest Territories
and
Northwestern Ontario. He appeared on behalf of the Crown
in Court Martial Appeal Court in Edmonton, Calgary and
Winnipeg. He attended Staff Officer School for
Intelligence Gathering, and Staff Officer College for
Strategic Planning,
both in Toronto. Scott was ultimately posted to National
Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, where he was appointed
Deputy Judge Advocate General and Director of Legal
Services Claims, Defence and Prosecutions. He retired in
1997
with the rank of full Colonel.
From 1997 – 2004, Scott served on the Veterans Review
and Appeal Board (VRAB). Based first in Charlottetown,
P.E.I.
and then in Ottawa, he travelled across Canada hearing
and presiding over appeals.
In 1971, Scott married Dawn Stevens after a whirlwind
courtship. Over the decades that followed, they proved
to be a
fun-loving couple and a formidable team. Dawn adapted
superbly to their life in various locations while
maintaining her
own career in the travel industry. In 1999, Scott and
Dawn moved to Cobourg, Ontario. Scott retired from VRAB
in
December 2004 as a result of health issues. In August
2004, he had suffered a devastating stroke. For the next
14 years,
Scott and Dawn battled valiantly to regain Scott‘s
quality of life, including dealing with his further
diagnosis in 2014 of lung cancer.
Scott had the heart of a lion, and maintained his
courage and his fight to the end.
Friends are welcome to join the family for a
Celebration of Life Wednesday June 20, from 2 – 4 p.m.
in the MacCoubrey
Funeral Home Reception Centre.
___________on FORSTER, Colonel Scott, see
McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military
Lawyers, Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General,
c2002, at pages 98, 106 and 213, available at i-xii and 1-102
and
103-242;
FORTIER, Laval, né en 1904 et décédé le 16 mars 1983,
ancien membre du Bureau du Juge-avocat général;
[... ]Notre nouveau commissaire en chef naquit à Québec le 18
avril 1904. En 1917,
il entrait au petit Séminaire de Québec où il obtint son
baccalauréat ès sciences,
en 1925.
Trois ans plus tard, il obtenait un degré en loi et était admis au
Barreau
de la Province de Québec. Pendant l’année 1928-29. il poursuivait
des études avancées,
en journalisme, publicité et finance à l’université Columbia
de New-York.
Vivement intéressé dans la publication de journaux, M. Fortier s’est occupé de
journalisme pendant les vacances d’été 1925, 1926 et 1927.
Il fut aussi affecté
au tirage au departement commercial du quotidien l’Evénement
Journal de
l’ancienne
capitale. Il devint par la suite un directeur de ce journal,
pour y demeurer
jusqu’en 1937. Il fut aussi directeur de “ La Compagnie de
Publication Le Nouvelliste
Limitée” de
Trois-Rivières de 1926 à 1941.
Entre temps, il fit partie de l’unité de réserve “Les Voltigeurs
de Québec”, soit de
1926 à 1941, au moment où il entrait dans l’armée active du
Canada. Dès son engagement,
il fut appointé Juge Avocat Général adjoint pour le district
militaire numéro 5. En
octobre 1942, il
fut transféré à Ottawa comme assistant du Juge Avocat Général aux
Quartiers-Généraux avec le rang de Lieutenant-Colonel, et deux ans
plus tard, il était
appointé adjoint du Juge Avocat Général. Il partit pour outre-mer
à l’automne de 1944,.
où il fut attaché aux Quartiers-Généraux de l’armée canadienne à
Londres comme
assistant du Juge Avocat Général. En février 1945, il
fut attaché à la 21e armée
sur le continent et servit en France, Belgique, Allemagne et
Hollande. Pendant cetemps,
il avait été créé Conseiller du Roi en 1942. En 1944,
l'honneur d’officier de l'Ordre de
l’Empire Britannique lui était conféré.
C’est en 1947 que M. Fortier entre
à nouveau au service du gouvernement à titre de
Commissaire associé de l’Immigration. Au 1er décembre 1949,
il devenait commissaire
de l’Immigration,
service d'outre-mer. C'est le 18 janvier 1950 qu'il devenait
sous-ministre
du nouveau ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration, poste
qu'il occupera jusqu'au
moment de sa nomination comme nouveau comissaire en chef [de la
Commission d'Assurance-
Chômage].
Anciennement directeur de plusieurs sociétés d’affaires, M. Fortier a aussi été, pendant deux
ans,
vice-président de la succursale numéro 13 de la Légion
Canadienne, et aussi directeur de
l’institut Militaire de Québec. Il est un membre fondateur
du Cercle Universitaire d’Ottawa
et en était le Président pendant 1958 et 1959.
Il est marié à Claire Tellier, fille du Colonel et de madame E. H.
Tellier de Montréal. Il a deux
filles, l'une madame Gustave (Josette) Denis et l’autre Paule.
[Source: "À la Commission d'Assurance-Chômage. Grande visite
du commissaire en chef", L'Action
populaire, 21 juin 1961, pp. 1-2, à la p. 2; L'Action
populaire est un journal de Joliette;
recherche effectuée le 21 mars 2018*]
___________on Fortier, Laval, see the following biographical
notes in "Many From Ottawa Are Included in King's Birthday Honors
List", The Evening Citizen, Thursday , 8 June 1944 at p.
8, available at https://www.newspapers.com/ (accessed 16 May
2020);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on FORTIER, Laval, see "Acquit Veteran Guard on Trio
of Six Charges", Globe and Mail, 1944/03/29, available
at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5064672
(accessed 5 June 2019); court martial of Cpl William Lee of
Montreal; Lieutenant-Colonel R. Fortier was the Judge-Advocate
(note initial is R.?); Capt. L.C. Carroll was the prosecutor;
Capt. T.B. Brown was defence counsel;
____________sur FORTIER, Laval, voir également l'article du
Lieutenant Jean-Charles Daoust, des Relations extérieures de
l'armée: "Le colonel L. Fortier loue les Anglais", Le
nouvelliste, samedi 10 février 1945, à la p. 9,
disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3213699
(consulté le 19 octobre 2018);
___________sur FORTIER, Laval, voir "Le col. Laval Fortier nommé à
l'immigration", La presse, Montréal, jeudi 9 octobre 1947,
à la p. 17; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2959574
(vérifié le 24 janvier 2019);
___________sur FORTIER, Laval, voir l'article du lieutenant
Jean-Charles Daoust, "Une tâche importante est confiée au Lt-col L
Fortier outre-mer", Le soleil, Québec, samedi 10 février
1945 à la p. 9, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3439352
(consulté le 15 mars 2019); remarquons les noms de d'autres
avocats militaires dans l'article;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________sur FORTIER, Laval, voir "Une causerie de M. Laval
Fortier ici le 26 avril", Le nouvelliste, jeudi, 27 mars
1952, à la p. 17; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3211886
(consulté le 28 janvier 2019);
-------
Marie-Christine
Fortin
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF23h23
hours ago [2018]
Legal Officers Captain Akis Vitsentzatos (left) and
Lieutenant (Navy) Marie-Christine Fortin (center) participated recently
in Exercise FINAL DRIVE, the final exercise for the Army
Operations Course at the @CanadianArmy
Command and Staff College in Kingston, Ont.
(accessed 12 June 2016)"
FORTIN, Marie-Christine, consellière juridique au
Cabinet du Juge-avocat général, depuis juin 2017, voir https://ca.linkedin.com/in/marie-christine-fortin-99570450
(site consulté le 9 Septembre 2017); member of the Law Society of
Ontario;
Nadine Fortin, source de l'image: Google
Image, site visité le 18 Mai 2014
Source de
l'image: www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-reports-pubs-military-law-annual-2010-11/ch-3-military-justice-system.page,
visité 11 mai 2016
Nadine Fortin avec un client
Captain Nadine Fortin-Office of the Judge Advocate General,
Canadian Armed
Forces:
Major
Fortin began her legal career with Cain, Lamarre, Wells
in 1994 before moving to the
University of Quebec (TELUQ) where
she developed courses and acted as a
tutor. After
obtaining a master's degree in law from Laval University,
Major Fortin joined the Canadian
Armed Forces (CAF) and served in the office of the Judge
Advocate General (OJAG) as
deputy judge advocate with the 35thCanadian Brigade Group and the Naval
Reserve Headquarter in Quebec. Major Fortin
will then advise units of the 5th Canadian
Mechanized Brigade Group and the 5th
Canadian Service Battalion at Valcartier Garrison.
In 2009, Major Fortin was deployed to Kandahar, Afghanistan, as
the Canadian Battle
Group legal advisor.
Upon her return, Maj Fortin
was posted to the Canadian Forces Military Law Center in
Kingston where she teaches,
in particular, the law of armed conflict and air and
space
law at the Royal Military
College of Canada. In 2012, Maj
Fortin was posted to the
Directorate of law military personnel and then was
assigned to the position of assistant
chief of staff-personal. She is Deputy Director of
the Law of Armed Conflict course
offered by the Institute
of international Humanitarian Law at Salon-de-Provence since
2016 and currently holds the position of Acting
Director in the Directorate of International
Law of the OJAG
___________photo de Nadine Fortin enseignant à l'École des
Commissaires des Armées, France:
One of our Legal Officers, Major Nadine Fortin, is at
the Defense School of Joint Supply Corps Officers in
Salon-de-Provence,
France, for two weeks, instructing international
francophonie government,
military, academic, and NGO experts, on the law of armed
conflict. #IHL",
accessed 17 May 2019.
Et si la major Fortin juge que l'état-major prend
une décision qui contrevient aux règles internationales lors
d'une mission?
L'avocate affirme avoir le droit de monter dans la chaîne de
commandement pour dénoncer certains comportements.
«Si à mes yeux c'est complètement illégal, je peux passer à un
autre niveau», dit-elle.
La major Fortin en sera à son premier déploiement en
Afghanistan et sera confrontée à la réalité d'un conflit
difficile
où l'ennemi n'est pas toujours identifiable. Elle se dit
consciente que la tâche est lourde.
Mais elle aura, en cas de doute, l'aide de quatre autres
avocats canadiens à Kandahar, qui seront dispersés avec
d'autres unités: le commandement régional de l'OTAN, le
commandement canadien, l'équipe de reconstruction provinciale
et le mentorat de l'armée afghane.
Source
de l'image: commonlaw.uottawa.ca/15/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9485&Itemid=78&lang=fr,
visité 21 mai 2016
Major M.S. Nadine Fortin, Forces canadiennes et Collège militaire
royal de Kingston
FORTIN, Pierre (J.P./J.A.P.), Captain, was the prosecutor
(possibly the assisting prosecutor) in R. v.
Vézina 1989 CM 81, Standing Court Martial, 29 August
1973, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark
Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1989-13? and APP2: 1989-14? (verify again the page
numbers in Mr. Madsen's book);
__________on FORTIN, Pierre, Captain, was defence counsel
in R. v. Duguay 1987 CM 100, Special
General Court Martial, Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany, 12
June 987, source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark
Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1987-25);
___________sur Fortin, Pierre, voir les notes biographiques
suivantes:
Pierre Fortin
This individual was born in beautiful Montréal on 21
June 1960. He graduated from law
school in 1982 and was called to the Québec bar the
following year. After two years of
private practice as a partner in a Montréal law firm, he
joined the Canadian Forces as a
legal officer. Four years later, he left the service and
undertook a Master's degree in air
and space law at McGill University in Montréal. His
thesis is titled "Artificial Space
Debris and International Law" and should be completed by
the end of 1990.
Other interests include international relations, nature
(in all its forms), hockey, and squash.
FOURNIER,
Michèle, 1976-, Homosexualité, armée et police: État de
la question et expériences vécues par les militaires, policiers et
policières
gais selon leur propre point de vue,Ph.D. thesis in criminology,
Université de Montréal, 2006; directeurs: Jean-Paul Brodeur et
Marie-Marthe Cousineau;
Abstract (summary)
With regards to employment, certain working environments
are accessible to sexual diversity, whereas others are
still closed or hostile
towards those who choose to live openly with their
homosexuality. Amongst the latter, it is considered that
with respect to employment,
which traditionally requires male oriented skills wherein
virility is valued, such as in the military or police
corps, although differing on
certain points, they do share common characteristics which
are often cited as obstacles to the integration of
homosexuals.
This thesis delves into the question of the
homosexuality in the military as well as various police
forces. The objective herein would be
to acknowledge the fact that within the army and police
forces in various countries where homosexuality is
evident, it is imperative that
we consider the thought pattern of gay soldiers, and gay
police officers in Quebec, according to their own
particular point of view.
Current listed research indicates that the armed forces
as well as police forces of several western countries
permit the individual recruitment
and hiring of homosexuals, and that more recently, they
are granting the same rights to these groups that they
allocate to their heterosexual
personnel. The experience of the gay military and police
personnel of these countries however, is marked by
episodes of homophobia, and
although their presence does not harm the effectiveness of
said services, they are still far from being completely
accepted within these
environments.
In Quebec, twenty-one interviews realized with
homosexuals stemming from military and police circles has
given us a greater understanding
of their lives and the way they deal with their
working environment. The qualitative analysis arrives at
conclusions pertaining to their experiences:
As the homosexuality aspect has been condemned for
decades within these environments and as such, it being
unthinkable to publicly
display homosexuality, it would appear that the
military and police institutions have since made
considerable progress in the acceptance of
homosexuality within their ranks.
The organizational culture, and more particularly the
male chauvinism which reigns within the army, restricts
the integration of gay servicemen
and women. It is considered however, that their
situation continues to improve and that it is believed
that in future years, homosexuality within
the Armed forces will be more generally accepted.
Insofar as the gay policemen and women are concerned,
those groups describe their
experience in the forces as positive, while
underlining the openness of their organization enabling
them, although in a limited fashion, display
their homosexuality in their work environment. Quite
like gay military personnel, they believe that relations
between the police and the gay
community have greatly improved over recent years
and that the Montreal police organization is striving for
even closer relationships with
the diverse communities it serves.
The difficulties faced by some gay policemen and women
and specifically some gay servicemen and women, however,
cannot be ignored. It is
understood that their situation has largely improved
and that irrespective of the pitfalls, it is now possible
for homosexuals to have a careen in
these working environments, wherein such a career
choice would have been unavailable to them a short time
ago.
(source: http://search.proquest.com/docview/304922941,
accessed 23 August 2016).
Source de
l'image: linkedin.com/in/nicolas-fournier-25108b161, consulté le 13
mars 2019
Nicolas Fournier
FOURNIER, Nicolas, Punir la désertion en Nouvelle-France:
justice, pouvoir et institution militaire de 1742 à 1761,
mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maitrise en
histoire, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2013; disponible
à http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5900/1/M13113.pdf
(vérifié le 25 mai 2015);
Résumé
Cette recherche porte sur la question des déserteurs en
Nouvelle-France durant les vingt dernières années du régime
français. Il n'y a aucun ouvrage
complet sur ce thème, tandis que les études existantes se
limitent souvent à l'analyse des causes ou des lieux de la
fuite. L'historiographie ne s'est
pas intéressée à l'importance et à la complexité de la
désertion pour les soldats ni pour les élites militaires. Nous
avons donc analysé la situation des
déserteurs en Nouvelle-France en utilisant les procès pour
désertion et les journaux militaires. En plus d'étudier ce
comportement, nous voulions
étudier sa prise en charge par la discipline militaire et par
le Conseil de guerre pour réduire son ampleur, mais surtout
pour construire le pouvoir de
l'armée. Ainsi, la désertion est un phénomène commun dans les
armées européennes de l'époque. Toutefois, la fuite des
soldats en Nouvelle-France
est caractérisée par les particularités propres à la situation
coloniale. En plus de causes généralisées, telles que la
guerre ou l'alcool, l'Amérique
impose des conditions de vie particulières au soldat, par
exemple les conditions météorologiques, la géographie et les
Amérindiens. Par ailleurs, la
désertion est un phénomène qui comporte des particularités qui
ne peuvent être généralisées pour l'ensemble de la
Nouvelle-France. La façon de
déserter et la signification de la désertion sont modulées
grandement selon le lieu, le moment et les circonstances de la
fuite du soldat. De plus, les
impacts de la désertion sont nombreux sur l'armée, ce qui
explique l'importance de ce phénomène. Les élites dénoncent
officiellement la désertion,
cependant les mesures instaurées pour la contrer sont
insuffisantes ou mal gérées. Bien que difficile à analyser, la
discipline militaire demeure la
principale méthode pour gérer les soldats. Puis, la justice
militaire intervient dans un certain nombre de cas. Le Conseil
de guerre juge surtout par
contumace, cependant les déserteurs présents durant notre
période semblent plus sévèrement punis qu'en Europe. Enfin, la
grâce permet de réintégrer
quelques déserteurs dans les rangs, alors que les déserteurs
intégrés à la colonie semblent éviter plus facilement la
répression. Au-delà du contrôle de
la désertion, la justice militaire et l'octroi de la grâce
contribuent à la construction du pouvoir. La dynamique de la
prise en charge de la désertion
permet aux élites militaires de gagner une certaine autonomie
par rapport à la métropole, tout en se distinguant du pouvoir
« civil ». Puis, les élites
militaires confirment leur pouvoir sur l'armée. Toutefois, la
justice militaire est aussi utilisée par un groupe restreint
d'officiers de l'élite militaire
pour construire leur pouvoir personnel. Le rituel judiciaire
contribue ainsi à la formation des réseaux de contacts,
permettant à certains d'obtenir des
postes, des distinctions et des grades.(source du résumé: http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5900/,
vérification 3 février 2015;
Cet article reprend l’argumentaire
d’une partie du mémoire de maîtrise du même titre déposé
en 2013 par l’auteur.
Résumé
La désertion est un phénomène
important pour les élites militaires. Lorsque la
discipline militaire ne parvient pas à contrôler les
soldats, les officiers recourent au Conseil de guerre.
Au-delà du contrôle de la désertion, la justice
militaire et l’octroi de la grâce
contribuent à la construction du pouvoir. La gestion de
la désertion permet aux élites militaires de gagner une
certaine autonomie
par rapport à la métropole et de confirmer leur pouvoir
sur l’armée. La justice militaire est aussi utilisée par
des membres de
l’élite militaire pour construire leur pouvoir
personnel. Le rituel judiciaire contribue ainsi à la
formation des réseaux de contacts,
permettant à certains d’obtenir des postes, des
distinctions et des grades.
FOURNIER, Pierre, avocat de la défense à une cour martiale, voir
, "Militaire traduit en cour martiale", Le soleil, lundi 9
juillet 1951 à la p. 11, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3176080,
vérifié le 2 juillet 2020;
___________"Fourth Working Session -
Role Change of a Security-Force: How to Deal with the Legal
Aspects of Emerging Additional and Different Tasks of a Security
Force", 44 Mil. L. & L. War Rev. 134 (2005);
I haven't read these pages;
Image
source: In the article "Ici au Timor Oriental -- Here in East
Timor"
___________"Ici au Timor Oriental -- Here in East Timor", JAG
Newsletter/Bulletin d'actualités, volume III -- 1999 at pp.
47-52;
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the procedure for the
redress of grievances in the Canadian Armed Forces. A comparative
study of the parallel system under the American law will be
undertaken. The author's wish is to highlight deficiencies in the
Canadian grievance procedure and to suggest changes which
would improve the procedure. The military context is reviewed in
the first two parts of the thesis, it being the view of the
author that the grievance procedure evolves in a work environment
and
as part of an institution which are unique. In the following
parts, the thesis will situate the military personnel within the
legal
framework in which it operates and will trace the origins of
the grievance procedure. A detailed examination of the procedure
will then be presented. The last two parts of the thesis
deal with judicial review of decision made in the grievance
process and
with a critical appraisal of the process. An overview of
criticisms which may be leveled at this process in the Canadian
Armed
Forces will be followed by observations on the advantages of
a system integrating positive features of the Canadian and
American
systems. (source:, accessed on 6 January 2012);
__________Notes biographiques (non nécessairement écrites par
monsieur Fournier):
[Member of the editorial board, The Military
Law and the Law of War Review / La revue de droit
militaire et de droit de la guerre]
Sylvain Fournier LL.M. is member of the
Quebec Bar presently working as a consultant in Belgium.
During the last few years he
provided IHL and NATO legal training for different
organizations including the International Committee of
Military Medicine (ICMM),
HPCR International, the NATO School and the Defense
Institute of International Legal Studies (DIILS). Currently
he is developing an
experimental web Portal for the NATO legal community
under the direction of NATO Allied Command Transformation.
For 22 years
he served as a military officer in the Office of the
Judge Advocate General in the Canadian Forces (CF),
occupying different legal
positions and serving on operational deployments in
Macedonia, East Timor and Bosnia Herzegovina. Assigned in
Germany for 8
years he became senior legal counsel for the CF in
Europe and Canada Head-of-Mission to Sending States. His
last military assignment
was at NATO HQ in Brussels where he served as legal
advisor to the Chairman of the Military Committee and the
Director of International
Military Staff. He is member of the Advisory Board of
the Reference Centre of Excellence on IHL and Military
Ethics and of the ISMLLW
where he presided the Committee on IHL from 2003 to
2007. (source: http://www.mllwr.org/editorial-board/,
accessed on 20 February 2015)
Sylvain Fournier
___________on FOURNIER, Sylvain, see the following biographical
notes:
Sylvain Fournier is a Lecturer
in Law and Politics at University of Sherbrooke where he
studied law (LL.B.). Member of the Quebec Bar he
holds an LL.M. from McGill University. For 22 years
Sylvain served as military officer in the Office of the
Judge Advocate General in the
Canadian Forces (CF) occupying different legal positions
and serving on operational deployments in Macedonia,
East-Timor and Bosnia
Herzegovina. Assigned in Germany for 8 years he became
Senior Legal Counsel for the CF in Europe. His last
military duty was at NATO
HQ in Brussels where he served as Legal Advisor to the
Chairman of the Military Committee. After retirement
Sylvain worked as a Consultant
in Belgium for HPCR International (Humanitarian Policy and
Conflict Research), DILLS (Defense Institute of
International Legal Studies) and
NATO Allied Command Transformation where he developed the
web legal portal CLOVIS. Since 2000 he provides for the
ICMM (International
Committee of Military Medicine) IHL training to military
doctors in Africa, Arabia, Asia and Europe. (source: http://www.ismllw.org/REVIEW/mllwr%20EB.php,
vérifié le 4 août 2017)
___________on FOURNIER, Sylvain, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald
Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office
of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at p. 178 (East Timor),
available at 103-242;
Source
de l'image: (Juillet-Octobre 2000) 3 JAG Newsletter-Bulletin
d'actualités 5
Le major Fournier recevant sa déco-
ration CD1 des mains du JAG
2005-2008 Conseiller juridique
principal / Président du Comité Militaire de l’OTAN (Bruxelles) .Agit
comme conseiller juridique du président sur tous les aspects de la
mission militaire de l'OTAN . Rédige,
négocie
et passe en revue divers contrats / accords internationaux.
(Statut des Forces, ROE) . Prodigue
des
conseils ciblés pour atteindre les objectifs politiques et
militaires stratégiques. . Membre
de
différents comités de travail au sein de l’état major
international à l’OTAN. . Rédige
un
document de travail sur les applications pratiques de la
Convention des Nations Unis sur le droit de la mer aux opérations
militaires de l'OTAN.
2001-2005 Conseiller Juridique
Principal / Forces Canadiennes en Europe (CFE) (Allemagne) .
Responsable de toutes les questions juridiques (Statut des
forces et des personnes à charge, réclamations, fiscalité,
emploi, discipline,
télécommunications) des Forces canadiennes stationnées en
Europe. .
Chef de Mission du Canada auprès des États d’Origines (BEL, FRA,
NLD, GBR, USA) en Allemagne. .
Assure le bon fonctionnement d'une équipe de six juristes, deux
consultants et un agent de liaison. .
Supervise la mise en œuvre de contrats de services de plusieurs
firmes de génie conseil. .
Renégocie un accord international sur la présence des FCE avec
les autorités allemandes. .
Préside un groupe de travail international sur les
problématiques environnementales communes. .
Agit comme conseiller juridique au Quartier Général de la SFOR à
Sarajevo (BiH) et responsable de toutes les questions liées à la
mission de l'OTAN. (6 mois)
___________"Breaking the Deadlock: Independence of the Military
Judiciary and the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada", 5January
5, 2021, available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract= (available at 8
January 2020);
___________ "The Canadian Forces Grievance Process: How Adequate
an alternative is it?", (October 2014) 27(3) Canadian Journal
of Administrative Law and Practice/Revue canadienne de droit
administratif et de pratique 277-307;
Abstract
A recent Reference initiated before the Federal Court
(but not yet decided) concerning a grievance by an officer
of the CanadianForces (CF)
offers an opportunity to re-examine the unique legal
dimensions of the Crown-soldier relationship. This
relationship remains grounded in a
Victorian perspective – some might say ‘antiquated’ – in
which members of the armedforces are
viewed as being in a ‘unilateral commitment
in return for which the Queen assumes no obligations’,
thus limiting recourse for perceived wrongs on the part of
the Crown. One of the principal
failings of much of the case law concerning this
‘employment’ relationship is that it tends to state what
the relationship is not, rather than what it
is. Using the issues raised by the Reference, this paper
proposes to examine how the Crown-soldier relationship may
be viewed in the context of
modern public law, focusing on the circumstances under
which the Crown might be liable for damages or
compensation where members of the armedforces are subject
to flawed decision-making. One of the principal
conclusions drawn by the author is that the Federal Court
is unlikely
to signal a paradigm shift in this relationship and,
barring legislative reform, the courts will take an
incrementalist approach to modernization.
___________"Charging the wrong person -- a 'rookie' mistake
in the Canadian military justice system", Global Military Justice Reform web
site, blog, 23 April 2020, available at https://globalmjreform.blogspot.com/search?q=Fowler,
accessed 21 August 2020;
___________"Damages, the
Crown-Soldier Relationship, and the CanadianForces Grievance Process",
12 July 2017, available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3001106;
___________LCol Fowler’s
retirement announcement/ Retraite du lieutenant-colonel Rory G.
Fowler,
received by me on 18 November 2016:
1. Lieutenant-Colonel Rory Fowler will retire on 25
January 2017 after more than
27 years of loyal and dedicated service to Canada and
to the Canadian Armed Forces.
His last day of work will be on Friday, 2 December
2016.
2.
Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler joined the Canadian
Armed Forces in 1989 under
the Regular Officer Training Plan while
attending Queen’s University in Kingston.
Since then, he has been engaged in a unilateral
commitment with the Crown in return
for which the Queen has assumed no
obligations. Commissioned in 1991,
following
Basic Infantry Officer Training, he joined 1
PPCLI in Calgary, where he served as a
rifle platoon and reconnaissance platoon
commander. He deployed with the 1 PPCLI
Battle Group on Op HARMONY in Croatia in
1994. In 1996, he was posted to 2 R22eR
as the PPCLI Exchange Officer, serving as the
Assistant Operations Officer and a rifle
company second-in-command. He deployed on
Op CONSTABLE in Haiti in 1997 and
participated in Op ASSISTANCE in Manitoba in
1997 and Op RECUPERATION in
Quebec in 1998. Posted to the Land Force
Western Area Training Centre in 1999, (then)
Captain Fowler served as a Militia Training
Support Team Leader – Infantry, Second-
in-Command Basic Training Company, Training
Co-ordination Officer and Technical
Adjutant. In 2001, he was selected for the
Military Legal Training Plan and attended
the University of Western Ontario Law School.
3.
Graduating in 2004, Captain Fowler was selected
for the Dean Ivan C. Rand
Honour Society based upon meritorious academic
standing throughout his undergraduate
studies in law and his outstanding contributions
in the service of the students of the Faculty
of Law. Captain Fowler articled with the
Middlesex County Crown Attorney and, upon
Call to the Bar of Ontario in 2005, was posted
to the Directorate of Law – Administrative
Law in Ottawa, where he advised Director General
Canadian Forces Grievance Authority
on matters arising in the context of CF
grievances and on judicial review of decisions
by
the final authority in the grievance
process. He was promoted to major in 2006
and, in
2007, was posted to the Directorate of Law –
Compensation, Benefits, Pensions and
Estates and was appointed Acting Director in
September of that year. He served in this
capacity until July 2010, interrupted by a
deployment to Afghanistan from September
2008 to April 2009 where he served as the legal
mentor to 205 Corps of the Afghan
National Army.
4.
In July 2010, (then) Major Fowler was posted to
CFB Kingston as the Base
Deputy Judge Advocate. In particular, upon
its ‘stand up’, he advised 1st Canadian
Division Headquarters, principally on matters of
operational law and also supported
training at the Canadian Army Command and Staff
College, including mentoring junior
legal officers in the context of operational
exercises held at the Staff College. He
also
advised on myriad disciplinary and
administrative legal matters arising on this
diverse
Base. From July to October 2011, Major
Fowler deployed as the Task Force Legal
Advisor for Task Force Libeccio, the Air
Component to Operation MOBILE, Canada’s
effort to protect civilians in Libya pursuant to
UN Security Council Resolution 1973.
5.
In
2012, Major Fowler was selected for post graduate
education and completed
an LLM (with Merit) at University College
London, where his studies focused on Public
and Administrative Law. In 2013, he was
posted to the Canadian Forces Military Law
Centre as Standards Officer, where he co-ordinated
the development of the new Legal
Officer Qualification Standard and the inaugural
Legal Officer Qualification course.
In 2014, Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler was promoted to
his current rank and posted to
Ottawa as the Director of Law – Administrative
Law. Upon retiring, Lieutenant-Colonel
Fowler
and his wife Erin (née Olizar) will reside in Kingston,
Ontario, where Lieutenant-
Colonel Fowler will continue practising
public and administrative law. ....
.....
1.
Le lieutenant-colonel Rory Fowler prendra sa
retraite le 25 janvier 2017 après
plus de 27 années de service loyal et dévoué au
Canada et aux forces armées canadiennes.
Le 2 décembre 2016 sera sa dernière journée au
travail.
2.
Le lieutenant-colonel Fowler s’est enrôlé dans les
Forces canadiennes en 1989 dans
le cadre du Programme de formation des officiers de
la Force régulière à l'Université Queen’s
de Kingston. Depuis, il a servi dans un
engagement unilatéral avec la Couronne en échange de
quoi la Reine n’a assumé aucune obligation.
Suite à sa formation initiale d'officier
d'infanterie,
il reçoit sa commission d’officier avant d’être
affecté au 1er PPCLI à Calgary, où il servira
d’abord comme commandant de peloton de fusiliers et
de peloton de reconnaissance. Il a été
déployé avec le groupement tactique du 1er
PPCLI sur l’Op HARMONY en Croatie en 1994.
En 1996, il a été muté au 2e R22eR comme
officier d'échange du PPCLI, servant d’abord
comme officier adjoint
des opérations, puis en tant que commandant en second
d’une
compagnie de fusiliers. Il est déployé sur l'Op
CONSTABLE en Haïti en 1997 et a participé à
l'Op ASSISTANCE au Manitoba en 1997 et Op RECUPERATION au
Québec en 1998. Muté
au Centre de formation de la Force terrestre du
Secteur de l'Ouest en 1999, le capitaine Fowler
(tel qu’il était alors) a servi à titre de chef
d’équipe pour le soutien à l’entraînement de la
Milice
(infanterie), en tant que commandant en second de la
compagnie de formation élémentaire,
officier de coordination de la formation et en tant
que capitaine-adjudant technique. En 2001,
il a été choisi pour le Programme militaire d’études
en droit et a fréquenté l'Université Western
Ontario Law School.
3.
Diplômé en 2004, le capitaine Fowler a reçu le prix
de la Société honorifique du doyen
Ivan C. Rand en reconnaissance de ses résultats
scolaires méritoires tout au long de ses études
de premier cycle en droit et ses contributions
exceptionnelles au service des étudiants de la
Faculté de droit. Le capitaine Fowler a
complété son stage en droit avec le procureur de la
Couronne du comté de Middlesex et, suite à son
assermentation au Barreau de l'Ontario en
2005, il est affecté à la Direction juridique -
droit administratif à Ottawa, où il a conseillé le
Directeur général - Autorité des griefs des Forces
canadiennes sur les questions soulevées
dans le cadre des griefs des FC ainsi que préparer
la défense de décisions prises par l'autorité
de dernière instance dans le processus de règlement
des griefs soumises à un contrôle judiciaire
en Cour fédérale. En 2006, il est promu au
grade de major. En 2007, il est affecté à la
Direction juridique - rémunération, avantages
sociaux, pensions et successions et a été
nommé directeur par intérim en septembre de cette
année. Il occupera ces fonctions jusqu'à
juillet 2010, prenant seulement une pause pour un
déploiement en Afghanistan de septembre
2008 à avril 2009, où il a servi comme mentor
juridique auprès du 205e Corps de l’armée
nationale afghane.
4.
En juillet 2010, le major Fowler a été affecté à
la BFC Kingston comme juge-avocat
adjoint, où il conseillera notamment la 1ère
Division du Canada, suite à sa constitution,
principalement sur les questions de droit
opérationnel, en plus de soutenir le Collège d’état-
major et de commandement de l'Armée canadienne, y
compris le mentorat des avocats militaires
subalternes dans le cadre d'exercices opérationnels
tenus au Collège d’état-major. Il a également
fourni des avis juridiques sur une pléthore de
questions disciplinaires et administratives.
De juillet
à octobre 2011, le major Fowler fut déployé en tant
que conseiller juridique auprès de la Force
opérationnelle Libeccio, la composante aérienne de
l'Op MOBILE, soit la contribution canadienne
pour protéger les civils en Libye, conformément à la
Résolution 1973 du Conseil de sécurité de
l'ONU.
5.
En 2012, le major Fowler a été choisi pour le
programme d’études supérieures et il
obtiendra une maîtrise en droit (avec mention) à
l'University College London, où ses études
ont porté sur le droit public et administratif.
En 2013, il est affecté au Centre de droit militaire
des Forces canadiennes en tant qu’officier des normes,
où il a coordonné le développement de
la nouvelle norme de qualification d’avocat militaire,
ainsi que le premier cours de la qualification
d’avocat militaire. En 2014, le
lieutenant-colonel Fowler a été promu à son grade
actuel et affecté
à Ottawa en tant que Directeur juridique - Droit
administratif. À sa retraite, le
lieutenant-colonel
Fowler et son épouse Erin (née Olizar) retourneront à
Kingston, où il continuera sa pratique en
droit public et administratif. [...]
___________on FOWLER, Rory, see "Rory Fowler on Mark Norman", CTV
News, circa 15 May 2019, available at https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1679050
(accessed 21 May 2019); video
___________on FOWLER, Rory, see the article by Pugliese, David, "Military
quietly ends policy of promptly investigating sexual misconduct
cases. Military police policy formerly required that
investigations of potential criminal cases be closed and the
results delivered in 30 days or less", National Post, 22
November 2018; available at https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/military-quietly-ends-policy-of-promptly-investigating-sexual-misconduct-cases(accessed
22 November 2018);
But a former senior officer in the military’s
Judge Advocate General’s office says military police are
taking far
longer than their civilian police counterparts to
investigate sex assaults and other criminal cases.
“When I compare the speed of investigations, civilian
police are markedly faster to (where) military police
investigations are
taking four to six times as long to complete,”
lawyer Rory Fowler, a retired lieutenant colonel, said
Wednesday.
“That is not a small deviation.”
He said the situation is made even worse as further time
is needed for military officials to review whether charges
should
proceed. Movement on some cases can take as much as
two years, Fowler added.
Rory Fowler, a lawyer from Kingston, Ont. and a retired
lieutenant colonel, said the military is on solid
ground legally in citing privacy laws as the cases
proceeded using internal administrative measures.
If disciplinary action had been taken and a court
martial held then the information would be required
to be released to the public.
What is cause for concern, Fowler said, is the
military’s increasing use of such administrative action
instead of the more formal process. “That way, you’re
not going to have public scrutiny and it’s not
something that will be discussed in the public domain,”
he said. “That, I think, is a problem as it stifles
public debate and public discussion about what the
issues are.”
___________on FOWLER, Rory, see the following articles by Murray
Brewster:
___________on FOWLER, Rory, see his participation in the
video in FERRERAS, Jesse and Abigail Bimman, "Canadian victims
gain new rights in military courts, they just can’t use them yet",
Global News, 19 July 2019, available at https://globalnews.ca/news/5656820/canada-victims-rights-military-justice/
(accessed 20 July 2019); on Bill C-77;
Yesterday, 13 March 2020, Royal
Military College of Canada (RMC) announced
that it would suspend classes and would take the
extraordinary step of ordering
Cadets to remain on the grounds of the RMC campus as well
as closing the campus
grounds to visitors.
__________Testimony and photo-still of Lieutenant-Colonel (Ret'd)
Rory Fowler as an individual before the Senate Standing
Committee on National Security and Defence, on Bill C-77,
An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to
make related and consequential amendments to other Acts,
27 May 2019, available at https://senvucloud.parl.gc.ca/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/PowerBrowserV2/20190527/-1/9143
(accessed 30 May 2019);
___________Testimony of Major Rory Fowler before the
Military Police Complaints Commission, Fynes Public Interest
Hearings, Transcript of Proceedings, Ottawa, 22 May 2012, volume
25, at pp. 16 to 111; available at http://mdlo.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2012-05-22-Maj-Fowler-LCol-King.doc
(accessed 20 August 2017);
It appears that the Chief of the Defence Staff
(CDS) of the Canadian Forces has,
in fact, suspended his order of 2 October 2019, entitled:
Designation of Commanding
Officers with respect to Officers and Non-Commissioned
Members on the Strength
of the Office of the Chief Military Judge Dept ID 3763 (the
'Designation Order').
__________Web site from the law firm of Cunningham Swan Lawyers,
web site, available at http://cswan.com/lawyers/rory-fowler/
(accessed 4 May 2017);
Today, the Office of the JAG exists as an ‘other
element’ of the Canadian Forces4. It is not
precisely a unit; nor is it a Formation
or a Command (although the JAG has been granted the powers
of an Officer Commanding a Command)5. All legal officers
whose
duty it is to provide legal advice are–and must be–posted
to the Office of the JAG.6 Make no mistake:
notwithstanding their sand-
coloured berets, even the legal officers who advise the
various units of CANSOFCOM and the Command itself are
posted to the
Office of the JAG, and not to their supported Command. It
is something that distinguishes Canadian Legal Officers
from American
Staff Judge Advocates–the chain of command for legal
advisors of the Canadian Forces is through the Office of
the JAG. It is not a
‘Tech Net’. It is their actual chain of command.
......
4 Ministerial Organization Order 96-082 Re: Office of the
Judge Advocate General, dated 1 August 1996.
5 Ibid.
6 QR&O 4.081.
FOWLER, Roy G. and Baker Mike, lecturers, "Royal Military College
of Canada, Department of Political and Economic Science POE
488A--Law of Armed Conflict, Winter 2013-14 Syllabus", version: 12
Jan 2015, 9 pages; obtained under Access to Information Act
reply to request file A-2015-00669, 22 July 2015, available
at http://www.lareau-legal.ca/A-2015-00669.pdf
(accessed 29 July 2015);
FOX, Michael, sur, voir l'article "Un Recours Collectif
Extraordinaire: Comment a été approuvée la plus importante
récompense pour la discrimination historique LGBT dans le monde?",
Avocat TV, disponible à https://avocat-tv.com/un-recours-collectif-extraordinaire/
(consulté le 22 septembre 2019)
Les avocats n’étaient pas non plus à l’abri de la
discrimination. En 1974, Michael Fox, âgé de 17 ans,
s’est enrôlé dans la réserve de l’armée puis a servi pendant
un an comme Casque bleu de l’ONU.
“Je soupçonnais que j’étais homosexuel, mais à cet âge et à
cette époque, je pensais que, puisqu’il
n’avait été décriminalisé que récemment et qu’il était
encore contraire au droit militaire, c’était tout
à fait immoral et je me suis juré de rester célibataire “,
se souvient-il. Alors qu’il poursuivait ses
études et commençait sa formation d’officier de marine, Fox
s’est rendu compte qu’il serait impossible
de garder ce vœu de célibat, même si ” mon attitude à
l’époque, et elle l’est toujours, est que le
meilleur antidote aux préjugés est d’être dehors et
discrètement compétent. Malheureusement, être
dehors n’était pas une option à l’époque.” Il a vu l’UES
mener des opérations anti-gay à Halifax,
arrêtant et déchargeant des marins. “J’ai toujours attendu
l’arrestation et l’expulsion avec une
certaine humiliation, même si ce n’était pas de la disgrâce
“, dit Fox.
Décidé à combattre de telles politiques, il a fait des
études de droit. Peu de temps après l’obtention
de son diplôme, dit Fox, il s’est présenté à son
commandant. Il avait également postulé et s’est vu
offrir un emploi au bureau du Juge-avocat général. Mais le
fond s’est effondré lorsqu’il a reçu un
appel disant que son supérieur avait dit au JAG qu’il
était gai et qu’il ferait donc l’objet d’une
enquête. “Je n’avais pas d’autre choix que de démissionner
de la réserve et de retirer ma
candidature.” Fox a poursuivi une longue et fructueuse
carrière en tant que procureur de la
Couronne à Hamilton, en Ontario, où il travaille toujours.
Pourtant, même après tout ce
temps, il trouve ces événements extrêmement difficiles à
discuter.
FOY, James, Autonomous Weapons Systems: Taking the Human out
of International Humanitarian Law, 2013,
Canadian Bar Association's (CBA) National Military Law Section
Law School Sword and Scale Essay Prize/Lauréat du
Concours de dissertation 2013 du Salut militaire;
available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2290995
and http://www.cba.org/CBA/sections_military/pdf/2014-essay.pdf
(accessed on 26 July 2014); also published in (2014) 23
Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies 49-70;
FRADETTE, Jean-Marc et Frédéric Tremblay , "Entrevue avec Me
Jean-Marc Fradette: Comment fonctionne la cour martiale?,
émission, "C'est jamais pareil", ICI Radio-Canada.ca
Première, en semaine de 6 à 9 heures, avec Frédéric
Tremblay, rattrapage de vendredi, 22 novembre 2019, à 07h48, 10
minutes et 48 secondes; traite en partie de la cour martiale du
Major Duquette qui a lieu à Bagotville cette semaine;
disponible à https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/cest-jamais-pareil/episodes/448736/rattrapage-du-vendredi-22-novembre-2019
, émission écoutée le 23 novembe 2019; excellente vulgarisation du
sujet par Me Fradette;
____________"Entrevue avec Me Jean-Marc Fradette: Les impacts de
la culpabilité du major Duquette, émission, "C'est jamais
pareil", ICI Radio-Canada.ca Première, en semaine de 6
à 9 heures, avec Frédéric Tremblay, audio fil du lundi 25 novembre
2019, à 07h45, 13 minutes et 56 secondes; traite de la cour
martiale du Major Duquette qui a lieu à Bagotville;
disponible à https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/cest-jamais-pareil/segments/entrevue/143512/cour-martiale-bagotville,
émission écoutée le 26 novembe 2019;
A delegation from the French Defence General Inspection
Board met the Canadian Forces Judge
Advocate General in Ottawa on 15 and 16 January 2007.
The purpose of the meeting was to study the way the
Canadian Forces include juridical aspects into
the conduct of operational and administrative
responsibilities
FRASER, Colonel David, "The Perception of War Versus the Reality
of Law", AMSC 5 (Advanced Military Studies Course 5), Canadian
Forces College, 30 p.; available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/260/265/275.pdf
(accessed
on 19 June 2012);
FRASER, N.C., Captain, legal officer, see "Lt.-Col. Gillespie
Named to Command Armored Regiment--Number of Appointments And
Other Changes Announced by National Defence Department", The
Ottawa Citizen, Wednesday, 23 April 1941 at p. 3, available
at https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 9 July 2020;
___________on FRASER, N.C., research note: there was a Mr.
Justice N.C. Fraser of the Ontario Supreme Court in the aearly
1970's;
Image
source: thestar.com/entertainment/2014/03/24/walter_gordon_symposium_looks_at_massey_report_legacy.html,
accessed 18 December 2017
John Fraser
FRASER, John, "Judicial gamesmanship played out at courtmartial",
Toronto Star, Aug 4, 1996, p. F.1;
FRENCH, Leonard, "Who would win? Supreme Court vs. Canadian
Army (In re Norton)", 14 December 2018, available on YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CbM10vGrQE&t=373s,
accessed 25 December 2019;
Lawful Masses with Leonard French
110K subscribers
What is the
source of a Court's power? What happens if the
military decided not to follow the law? Let's see how
Chief
Judge Harvey handled the Canadian Army when they
refused
to obey Court Orders regarding military
discharge/exemptions.
Robert
Fricke, image source: https://www.linkedin.com/pub/robert-fricke/45/1aa/586,
accessed on 14 November 2014
FRICKE, Major Robert K., United States Marine Corps, "I'll
Decide What Cases to Prosecute and You Decide What Infantry
Tactics to Employ" A Proposal to Eliminate the
Commander's Power to Refer Charges to Trial by Court
Martial -- Another Step Toward Dissociating the Word
"Military" from Justice, thesis for the LL.M. degree
in military law, The Judge Advocate General's School, 47th Judge
Advocate Officer Graduate Course, April 1999, 144 p., Appendix A
and B; available at http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA439860
(accessed on 7 March 2012); on the subject of reform in
other countries, see "Canada & The Somalia Experience", at pp.
85-103;
FRIEDGUT, A.H. (Abe), Major, lawyer and member of the JAG Branch,
see "Major Friedgut To Leave Post", Star-Phoenix, Saskatoon, 5 May
1945 at p. 7, available at https://www.newspapers.com/, accessed
17 May 2020;
when he entered the army. During his services
with the armed forces, his practice was looked
after by the firm of Hodges and Noonan, to
whom he wishes to convey his thanks.
___________on FRIEDGUT, A.H. (Abe), see Austin F. Cross, "A.H.
Friedgut Tells of Life in Holy Land", The Ottawa Citizen,
Tuesday, February 8, 1955 at p. 7; retrive from
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/docview/2338073290/2C8D71A637B045CBPQ/2?accountid=46526,
accessed 17 May 2020; hereunder is an extract of the article:
-------
Excerpt
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
.........
FRIEDLAND, Martin L., 1932-, Controlling Misconduct in the
Military: a Study prepared for the Commission of Inquiry
into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, [Ottawa]:
Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 1997, vi,
181 p., ISBN: 0660168685, cat. No. CP32-64/2-1997E; Source: Reproduced with the permission of the Minister
of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2012; also available
on the Commission's CD-ROM 1997, Information Legacy: A
Compendium of Source Material from the Commission of Inquiry into
the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, supra;
- Table of
Contents;
- pp. i-vii
and 1-102;
- pp. 103-181; FRANÇAIS :
FRIEDLAND, Martin L., 1932-, Contrôle de l'inconduite dans les
forces armées: Étude préparée pour la Commission d'enquête sur le
déploiement des Forces canadiennes en Somalie, [Ottawa]:
Ministre des Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada,
1997, vi, 208 p., ISBN: 0660955490, no. de cat.
CP32-64/2-1997F; Source: Reproduit avec la permission du ministre des
Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, 2012; aussi
disponible sur le CD-ROM 1997 de la Commission, Un héritage
documentaire - Recueil des ressources de la Commission d'enquête
sur le déploiement des Forces canadiennes en Somalie, supra;
- Table des
matières;
- pp. i-vii
et 1-118;
- pp.
119-208;
FRIEDLAND, Martin L., 1932-, "Military Justice and the
Somalia Affair", (1997) 40 The Criminal Law Quarterly
360-399; see also the work of Mr. Friedland for the Somalia
Commission of Inquiry;
Image
source: ca.linkedin.com/in/deborah-friedman-ll-b-b4a27133,
accessed 11 August 2017
Deborah Friedman
FRIEDMAN, Deborah, General Counsel and Deputy Legal Advisor, Office
of the Legal Advisor to DND and the CF
General Counsel and Deputy Legal
Advisor
Deborah Friedman is the General Counsel and Deputy Legal
Advisor to the Department of National Defence and the
Canadian Armed Forces where she is responsible for
overseeing the delivery of high quality legal services on
a wide
range of areas of law including, civil liability (tort and
contract law), contracting, procurement, real property and
intellectual property, legislative and regulatory drafting
support, administrative and Charter law, as well as
matters
of national security. ...
[source: www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-org-structure/dnd-cf-deputy-legal-advisor-bio.page,
accessed 11 August 2017]
FRISCOLANTI, Michael, "Behind Robert
Semrau’s dismissal. His removal from the Canadian
Forces sends a clear message through the ranks", Maclean’s,
5 October 2010, p. 1, available at http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/no-mercy/
(accessed 15 April 2017);
___________ "Capt. Robert Semrau Dismissed from the Forces.
Canadian soldier avoids jail time for shooting a wounded insurgent
in Afghanistan (Updated)", Maclean’s, 5 October
2010, p. 1, available at macleans.ca/news/canada/capt-robert-semrau-dismissed-from-the-forces/
(accessed 15 April 2017);
___________"What's a life worth? Canadian military payments
for death and destruction in Afghanistan have tripled", MacLean's,
10 January 2011; available at macleans.ca/news/canada/whats-a-life-worth/
(accessed 12 February 2015);
FRIESEN, David D., Exemption of the Mennonites from military
service in Canada, [Winnipeg]: Faculty of law, [University
of Manitoba, 1939], [24] leaves. NOTES: Thesis (LL.B.) --
University of Manitoba; not consulted yet (3 January 2016);
------------------
Ian Froese, the author, image
source:
LCdr Saloumeh (Sally)Torani, the prosecutor in this case; on the
photo, she is
https://twitter.com/ianfroese (accessed 2 November
2017)
"receiving a General Campaign Star for service in Afghanistan".
image source: Department of National Defence
Report on Plans and Priorities
2011-12, at p. 49 at
tbs-sct.gc.ca/rpp/2011-2012/inst/dnd/dnd-eng.pdf (accessed
2 November 2017)
FROESE, Ian, "Ex-Shilo soldier not guilty of sex crime", The
Brandon Sun, 2 November 2017, available at (accessed 2
November 2017); accused: retired warrant officer Jason
Buenacruz; prosecutor: LCdr Saloumeh Torani; presiding judge:
Commander Martin Pelletier; defence counsel: not identified at
this time;
-------Image detail: www.combatcamera.forces.gc.ca/gallery/cc_photos/detail/?filename=AR2005-A01-356&assetId=2952
Paul Frost, legal officer, 5 Dec. 2005, PRT Site Kandahar,
Afghanistan,
FROST, Paul, JAG officer; the above image appeared in the
following article: Major Brad Coates, "Alternate Dispute
Resolution and the Canadian Forces", Canadian Military Journal,
volume 7, number 2, available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo7/no2/coates-eng.asp
(accessed 15 January 2017);
available
at redcross.ca/crc/documents/How-We-Help/International-Humanitarian-
"Lt Col Paul Frost, Office of the Judge Advocate General,
Canadian Law/International-Humanitarian-Law-Conference-EXTERNAL-Report-Ottawa-January-24-2018.pdf
(accessed 13 June 2018);
Armed Forces delivering his presentation", on 24 January 2018,
International Law Conference, Ottawa
___________ notes on Paul Frost from 2017 Canadian Council on
International Law (CIL), 2017 CCIL Conference November 2-3 in
Ottawa, “Canada at 150: The Return
of History for International Law”, 2017 Speaker
Biographies, Keynote Speakers, available at http://www.ccil-ccdi.ca/speakerbios,
accessed 26 October 2017:
Paul Frost
(Speaker) is a Lieutenant-Colonel serving with the
Office of the Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Armed
Forces. He is
currently the Director of International and Operational Law
at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, where he works
as the principal
military legal advisor on international law issues, with a
particular focus on international humanitarian law. LCol
Frost has previously served
as legal advisor to the military’s Strategic Joint Staff, as
the senior regional supervising legal advisor for Central
Canada, and as a tactical unit
legal advisor with Canadian Special Operations Forces
Command. His operational experience includes international
deployments as the Canadian
Task Force Legal Advisor in Afghanistan, Haiti, and the
Mediterranean, and domestic deployments with the military
legal teams supporting civil
authorities at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games and
the Toronto G8/G20 conference. LCol Frost holds a master’s
degree in law from
Columbia University. (E)
Photo by
Sgt Jerry Kean/DND, AR2005-A01-378a
Major Paul Frost, left, legal advisor, PRT Site Kandahar,
Afghanistan,
17 December 2005
Major Paul Frost, the legal advisor to the Provincial Reconstruction Team, counts out Afghani currency for settling an Afghan’s claim for reimbursement as a result of damage to his vehicle by Canadian soldiers. The Canadian Forces provides monetary compensation to Afghan locals where it is demonstrated that the actions of Canadian soldiers have caused damage to personnel or property.
----------
Le Major Paul Frost, conseiller juridique de l’Équipe provinciale de reconstruction, compte des devises afghanes pourégler la demande de remboursement d’un Afghan pour les dommages causés à son véhicule par des soldats canadiens. Les Forces canadiennes versent une compensation monétaire aux Afghans lorsqu’il est prouvé que les gestes de soldats canadiens ont causé des dommages aux personnes et aux biens.
FUKUSHIMA, C.J. (Christopher/Chris), captain, lawyer, member of the
OJAG; appeared as co-counsel for the Director of Military
Prosecutions in D’Arcy N.C. (Captain), R. v., 2021 CM 4004 (CanLII),
<https://canlii.ca/t/jfszc>,
accessed 13 May 2021; member of the Law SWociety of BRish Columbia;
___________photo of Christopher Fukushima with others, in Lookout,
MARPAC NEWS, CFB Esquimalt, vol. 66, number 5, 8 February 2021
at p. 14, available at lookoutnewspaper.com/issues/66/2021-02-08-05.pdf
(accessed 14 May 2021);
---------------
FULLERTON, Colonel
D.K.
Colonel Fullerton, in the middle, between Capt Semrau and his wife
Amélie; on the right is
image source:
http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-org-
Capt David Hodson who was also part of the defence team (2010).
structure/judge-advocate-general-command.page
[image source: www.ottawacitizen.com/news/disastrous+week+leaves+military+vets+wondering+they+there/3640828/story.html]
(accessed 1 July 2017)
FULLERTON, Colonel D. (Delano) K., Director of Counsel Services,
OJAG;
To provide the legal services prescribed at Queen's
Regulations and Orders (QR&O) article
101.20(2) to persons subject to the Code of Service
Discipline charged or liable to be charged under
that Code. Those services include:
Provision of legal advice to a person arrested or
detained in respect of a service offence
Provision of legal counsel to an accused person
where there is reasonable grounds to believe the
accused person is unfit to stand trial
Provision of legal advice of a general nature to an
assisting officer or accused person on matters
relating to summary trials
Provision of legal advice with respect to the making
of an election to be tried by court martial
Provision of legal counsel in respect of a bail
hearing before a military judge
Provision of legal counsel to an accused person
which includes
representation at a court martial
representation for release pending appeal
representation at a hearing as to the
sufficiency of evidence to put an accused person
on trial where a finding of unfit to stand trial
has been made
representation in respect of an application to a
referral authority made in accordance with Queen's
Regulations and Orders article 109.03
Provision of counsel, where the Minister of National
Defence appeals the legality of a finding or sentence
or the severity of a sentence awarded by a court
martial
Provision of legal counsel to a person on an appeal
or an application for leave to appeal under sections
230 or 245 of the National Defence Act with
the approval of the Appeal Committee established under
article 101.21 of the Queen's Regulations and
Orders
Provision of legal advice to a person who is the
subject of an investigation under the Code of
Service Discipline, a summary investigation or
a board of inquiry.
Our Lawyers
DDCS is comprised of the Director and other legal
officers performing defence counsel services. When a
person subject to the Code of Service Discipline has the
right to be represented in the manner prescribed in
regulations made by the Governor in Council he or she
may request to have a particular legal officer assisting
the Director to act as legal counsel or any legal
officer assisting the Director. If available the
Director shall appoint him/her a legal officer of
his/her choice, if not, the Director shall insure ensure
that another legal officer assisting the Director is
made available.
Our Approach
Our services are provided in the official language of
the client's choice and in a manner that allows the
client to clearly understand the disciplinary process.
There are many points during the disciplinary process
when clients must make certain choices and give
instructions to their lawyer on how their defence should
be conducted. Our objective as defence counsel is to
ensure that these choices are informed choices.
Request for Counsel
Under current regulations you are entitled to full
representation by a military defence lawyer once the
charges are sent to a Referral Authority.
Prepare a memorandum to your commanding officer
requesting military defence counsel and it will be
forwarded to our office. A lawyer will normally, be
appointed to act on your behalf once the request and the
Record of Disciplinary Proceedings, including election
of language of trial have been received. The Director of
Defence Counsel Services shall, always, endeavor to
appoint counsel in a timely fashion so as not to
compromise the right of an accused person to a full
answer and defence.
Points To Remember
"If you are the subject of an investigation or
suspected of an offence, you are not, under the
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, obliged to
provide a statement to the police or other military
authorities.
When you are suspected of having committed an
offence, the military police should, according to law,
offer you an opportunity to speak to counsel before
proceeding with the interview. Your right to counsel
is very important, and you should call the duty
counsel or counsel of your choice before speaking to
the military police."
You may be asked by the police to take a polygraph,
commonly known as a "lie detector" test. Remember that
you are not obliged to submit to this test, and that the
results are not admissible in court to prove either your
guilt or your innocence. However, the polygraph
procedure includes interviews before and after the test
itself. What you say to the examiner during these
interviews may be used as evidence against you at the
trial.
Information for Persons Charged with a Service Offence
or Being Investigated for Service Offences
Entitlement to Counsel
As a rule, Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members charged
with an offence under the Code of Service
Discipline are entitled under QR&O 109.04 to
a military lawyer to represent them, when a charge is
forwarded to a Referral Authority for disposal
by court martial. In exceptional circumstances, a lawyer
may be appointed at an earlier time. The services of a
defence lawyer are provided without cost to the Canadian
Armed Forces member.
Information: Duty Telephone Numbers
For legal advice on your right to counsel on
arrest or interrogation by the police: 1-613-292-2137
For legal advice on summary trials and
elections: 1-888-715-9636, or in Ottawa: (613) 997-8985
[Source:
http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-legal-services/defence-counsel-services.page,
accessed 1 July 2017]
____________"Defence Counsel Services and the Court Martial
Comprehensive Review", memorandum, Gatineau (Québec), 13 February
2017, 24 p.; obtained under Access to Information Act, file number
at DND: A-2017-00890 at pp. 00129-00152; available at lareau-legal.ca/A-2017-Bis00890.pdf
(put on line on 3 February 2019);
FULTON, D.W., Major, former member of the OJAG; was defence counsel
in R. v. Tobjinski, 1989 CM 9, Standing Court
Martial, Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany, 21 March 1989, source of
information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2:
1989-8;
Image
source: www.gordon.army.mil/osja/history.htm, accessed 8 July 2017
FULTON, William S., Jr., 1925-2015, Command Authority in Selected
Aspects of the Court-Martial Process, ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE
BARRACKS PA 1971, Identifier: Accession
Number: AD0772292, source: United States Defense Technical
Information Center; document not consulted but noted 3 July 2016;
RESEARCH NOTE: site
accessed 3 July 2016 -- "PRIMO CENTRAL -- Access provided
by the Library of Congress Research Service & Library
Services Divisions" ***EXECELLENT
SITE!!!
Absolute power apparently does corrupt and that is
at the root of the problem. Soldiers are subjected to a closed
military justice system which in our
experience protects the chain of command and political masters
and is impermeable to civilian oversight. As a result the
military is not answerable
or open in their actions. It is unclear if they are simply
rogue or falling on their sword when their conduct has become
arrogant and egregious.
The non-combat death of our son should have been investigated
by the police of local jurisdiction not by the military
followed by a coroner’s
inquest. (source: http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/military-needs-to-be-transparent,
accessed 7 March 2015)
Photo
source: https://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/part-2-when-the-trauma-of-war-won-t-let-go-1.773088,
accessed 2 November 2018
"Victoria couple Shaun and Sheila Fynes have been outspoken
critics of the way the Canadian Forces treats soldiers suffering
with post-traumatic stress disorder. Their son, Cpl. Stuart
Langridge,
hanged himself in 2008 after tours in Bosnia and Afghanistan.
Photograph By DARREN STONE, Times
Colonist"
FYSON, Donald, with the assistance of Evelyn Kolish and Virginia
Schweitzer, The Court Structure of Quebec and Lower Canada,
1764-1830 (Montreal: Montreal History Group,
1994/1997/2012). http://www.profs.hst.ulaval.ca/dfyson/courtstr/
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
GAGE, Conolly Hugh, Lieutenant-Colonel, was defence counsel of
Brigadier General J.F.A. Lister, see BOSS, William, "Restrict
Crown in Examination of Gen. Simonds", Globe and Mail,
1946/05/10, available at https://collections.museedelhistoire.ca/warclip/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=5081808
(accessed on 5 June 2019); on court martial of Grigadier-General
Lister;
___________on GAGE, Conolly, see in CANADIAN PRESS, "Huntley
Sinclair Among Canadians in U.K. Contest [House of Commons]", The
Evening Citizen, Ottawa, Tuesday, 7 February 1950 at p. 6;
Col. Conolly Gage, Ulster Unionist (Conservative)
candidate in Belfast, was assistant deputy judge
advocate general with the Canadian Forces in Belgium.
Retrieved from
http://biblioottawalibrary.ca.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/
ezproxylogin?url=/docview/2338026447?accountid=46526,
accessed 30 April 2020.
___________on GAGE, Conolly, born 10 November 1905-3 October
1984, see "Conolly Gage" in WIKIPEDIA, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conolly_Gage,
accessed 14 June 2020;
___________on GAGE, Conolly, see "Hearing Tuesday in Case
of Lister", The Gazette, Montreal, Monday, 22 April 1946,
at p. 7; available at , accessed 18 June 2020;
[Excerpt only]
___________on GAGE, Conolly, was also listed with the British
OJAG, see Quarterly Army Lists (Second series), 1942, Third
Quarter, Part 1, p. 27, at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=121315
(accessed 14 June 2020);
Photo of Alyssa Gagne, thitd from the left; photo reproduced from
article by Captain Robert W.
Mackenzie, with Major Jen Campbell, "Air and Space Power
Operations Course breaks down
'stovepipes' ", 7 January 2019 at skiesmag.com/news/air-and-space-power-operations-course-breaks-down-stovepipes/
(accessed 9 April 2023).
GAGNE, Alyssa, legal officer with the office of the JAG,
articling at Halifax, future member of the Nova Scotia Barristers'
Society (research done on 9 April 2023);
GAGNÉ, Isabelle, Capitaine, co-avocate de la défense avec le
major B.L.J. Tremblay dans Morissette J.N.S. (Sergent), R. c.,
2020 CM 5008 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/j8zpn>,
BFC Valcartier, site consulté le 15 août 2020;
___________photo hereunder of Major Gagné with Major McGarva:
"After 6 months in Baghdad, Major Andrew McGarva
welcomes
his replacement as NATO Mission Iraq’s Legal Advisor
(International
Law), Maj Isabelle Gagne. Safe trip home, Maj McGarva –
excellent
work! Welcome to Baghdad, Maj Gagne!" image source: mobile.twitter.com/ JAGCAF/status/1526267897621925888/photo/1
(put on line on 30 May 2022).***
GAGNON, Charles, capitaine, Discipline,
loi
et devoirs militaires : précis élémentaire, [Lévis,
Québec? : s.n., 1941?] (Lévis [Québec] : Le Quotidien), 30
p., 19 cm.; copie à Bibliothèque et Archives Canada; voir aussi le
catalogue CUBIQ; ****
GAL-OR, Noemi, "Book Review: Another kind of justice:
Canadian military law from Confederation to Somalia by Madsen,
Chris", Canadian Foreign Policy, 01/1999; title noted in
my research but article not consulted yet (4 March 2019);
GALE, A.N. (Andrew N.), Governance
of
the Canadian Forces Military Police, Toronto: Canadian
Forces College, CSC 28, Exercise New Horizons, MDS Thesis, 6 May
2002, 68 p.; available at wps.cfc.forces.gc.ca/papers/csc/csc28/mds/gale.doc
(accessed on 11 July 2008);
Summary
"This paper examines the governance of the Canadian Forces
Military Police demonstrating that the preferred governance of
military
police is vested in the Canadian Forces Provost Marshal and not
the established chain of command. Indeed, this change in
governance
is required for the military police to evolve into a professional
policing service necessary to support a Constitutionally compliant
and
modern military force. Reviewing the concept of police
independence in Canadian society furthers this position. The
significance of
this concept is pertinent to the evolution of policing in Canada
and is a benchmark for future discussion on military police
governance.
Following a brief review of the evolution of military policing,
the paper presents recent developments in Canadian military
justice,
military police powers, and core military police functions.
Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen
military
police service to the Canadian Forces under the new governance
relationship."- Abstract, p. 2.
[Source: http://ares.cfc.forces.gc.ca/rooms/portal/media-type/html/language/en/country/US/user/anon/page/Sirsi_AdvancedCatalogSearch,
accessed on 1 December 2011]
GALAHER, J.G., Private et al., equivalent charges to treason etc.
courts martial in 1949:
-
Canadian Press, The Globe and
Mail, Saturday, 29 September 1945, p.
1
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Trial of Private John
Gordon. Galaher notes from
newspapers -- work in progress:
- John Gordon. Galaher, 34 year
old
- from Windsor Ontario, member of Essex Scottish
Regiment
- charged on 20 August 1945 in Farnborough, Corunna
Barracks, England
- trial held in camera, trial by General Court martial
- Defence counsel LCol M.W. Andres
- Prosecutor is LCol G.D. / J.D. Watt
- The president of the court martial is Col. M.B.K.
Gordon from Ottawa
- arrested in France about 5 months ago by the Canadian
Special Investigation Service
- confined at Reading jail for the last 2 1/2
months
- "Galaher landed in Dieppe with men of the 2nd Canadian
Divison in the raid
on Aug 19, 1942 and was taken prisoner by the Germans."
- trial finished on 23 August 1945: "The findings and
sentence, being subject to confirmation
by a higher authority will be promulgated in due
course."
- "The form of the announcement is tantamount to a
verdict of guilty. Without any need
for appeal by the prisoner, however, the verdict
and sentence are subject to revision by
higher authorities and are, therefore, not promulgated
till conformation is reserved. If the verdict
is not guilty it is so announced by the court and the
accused set free."
- sentenced to life
- charged under Section 4(5) of the Army Act
with "having been made a prisoner of war,
voluntarily aiding the enemy in Germany between January,
1943, and December, 1944 and
acting as an informer for the enemy of information
useful to the enemy obtained by him
from Allied prisoners of war." "Army authorities
said the charge was equivalent to treason."
"Canadian Military Headquarters claimed that the
reason for the security blackout was that the evidence
would reveal 'hughly secret methods used by the military
intelligence to pass information from prisoners
of war to [the] authorities in England."
- see also "Story Ninety-Eight:
Treason", 15 Jan 2009
"In 1944 the Nazi created the Britisches Freikorps or
British Free Corps which was the brainchild of John
Amery
a son of a British cabinet minister. This Nazi
recruitment effort focused on recruiting POW’s which
included three Canadians.
Edwin Barnard Martin of the Essex Scottish
Regiment(Captured at Dieppe in 1942) , CPL. John Gordon
Galaher, Pvt. George Hale.
At a military trial on Sept 28, 1945 they were sentenced
to life imprisonment.
All were given a royal pardon in 1954
(Source documents of WW 2 Court Martial Records at
Ottawa Federal Records Centre in Tunney’s Pasture,
microfilm Lot 44, Accession 72R6)"
available at: https://oshawaremembers.wordpress.com/2009/01/15/story-ninety-eight-treason/,
accessed 9 April 2018
-------- Source:
(2003) 1 JAG Newsletter--Les actualités at p. 8
Ed
Gallagher
"Le lcol Léveillé, AJAG Edmonton, remet la Médaille
canadienne du maintien de la paix au lcol Gallagher [à droite]."
GALLAGHER, Edward, former JAG officer, 1992-2001, web site
at http://patriotlaw.com/our-people/ (accessed 2 June 2016);
appeared as co-counsel for the Appellant Her Majesty the Queen in R.
v. Boland, 1995 CanLII 10771 (CMAC), <http://canlii.ca/t/ggpvc> (accessed 11 May 2018);
___________on GALLAGHER, Ed, Major, see McDONALD, R. Arthur, (Ronald
Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers, Ottawa : Office
of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at p. 173, available at 103-242;
___________on GALLANT, Ryan C., acted as prosecutor in the court
martial of Kanaar J.R. (Private), R. v., 2020 CM 5009 (CanLII),
<http://canlii.ca/t/j94jp>;
accessed 15 August 2020;
___________on GALLANT, Ryan C., member of the PEI Bar, posted to
Edmonton as of December 2020; see (accessed 25 December
2020);
Image
source:
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/gloria-galloway, accessed 26
May 2016
Gloria Galloway
Mr. Dorais, 43, has filed a
complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission
alleging that the Canadian
Armed Forces is discriminating against him on the basis of
a disability by refusing to allow him to return to the
reserves.
The military says his PTSD
prevents him from being deployed anywhere at any time –
the universality of service rule that
sees many permanently disabled soldiers handed their
discharge papers. But Mr. Dorais says that is not true,
that he has the
condition under control and that his PTSD would not
impede his performance as a nursing officer.
...
A few weeks later, he received
a form letter from a recruitment medical evaluator
confirming that he was being rejected as
a result of the rules around universality of service.
Because of his medical history, Mr. Dorais was told that
he remains “at
increased risk for a recurrence of symptoms, especially if
again subject to the stress of a military environment.”
So, last week, Mr. Dorais
appealed to the Human Rights Commission, saying that the
Forces can no more predict the behaviour
risk associated with his mental-health history than
it can predict that a soldier will be maimed or mortally
wounded during military
service.
Successive federal governments have said they
would help disabled veterans get public-service jobs, but a
long-time advocate says the civil
service is not co-operative and he questions whether anyone
ensures that discharged military personnel are considered
when openings arise.
...
The former Conservative government brought in the Veterans
Hiring Act on Canada Day of last year that said veterans who
were released
for medical reasons were to be first in line for any
civil-service job, and that all veterans would get “priority
entitlement” to advertised
government vacancies.
....
----
Elizabeth Richards, lawyer from the Department
of
Wayne Stickland of Larmer Stickland,
image source:
Justice, image source: google image search from Thehttp://larmerstickland.com/ Ottawa Citizen
A veteran who was forced to wait more than six
months for his first pension cheque is the lead plaintiff
in a proposed class-action
lawsuit that accuses the federal government of breaching
its obligations to former soldiers, sailors and aviators
by being slow to
deliver their retirement benefits.
......
The suit asks for interest on money that was delayed and
other costs as well as compensation for pain and
suffering. Mr. Jost’s lawyer,
Jody Brown of Koskie Minsky LLP, said more information
will be needed from the government to calculate the total
amount of the
damages.
GAMACHE, Pierre, L'indépendance et l'impartialité
institutionnelles des organismes administratifs autonomes
unifonctionnels et multifonctionnels, Mémoire présenté à la
Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval pour
l'obtention du grade de maître ès droit, Faculté de droit,
Université Laval, mai 1999, v, 141 p.; disponible à https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ41905.pdf
(consulté le 16 octobre 2018); discute de la décision de la C.S.C.
Généreux; Me Gamache travaille à Revenu Québec
(renseignement en date du 31 décembre 2018);
GANS, Arthur E. (Major), Loyalty:A Military
Ethicist Looks at the Problem of Conflits, 24 p.;
available at http://isme.tamu.edu/JSCOPE88/Gans88.pdf
(accessed 2 November 2017); Mr. Gans is a reverend;
____________ "Vocation or Job: A Warrior's Place in a Rights Place
in a Rights-Driven Society", (Winter 1994) 24(2) Canadian
Defence Quarterly 10-13;
GARDNER, Dan, "Semrau verdict exposes flawed law", The Ottawa Citizen, Friday,
July 30, 2010 at p. A13;
As these cases have shown repeatedly,
most people see a profound moral distinction between mercy killing
and
murder. But the law recognizes no such distinction.
It is not people's moral sense that
is flawed. It is the law. How the law should be
changed is debatable. I would
prefer that someone like Semrau be praised, not convicted, but a
reasonable case can be made for the creation of
a lesser charge of "compassionate homicide."
What is not debatable is that the law
as it stands is unacceptable. And verdicts like that
rendered against Capt.
Robert Semrau are dishonest and indefensible.
Source of
image and text: http://journalservir.com/nouvelle.php?id=895,
visité 14 décembre 2015
De gauche à droite: lcol Richard Garon, commandant sortant
du 2 RAC,
col Dan Chafaï, commandant du 34 GBC et lcol Sylvie Pelletier,
commandant
entrant du 2 RAC. (Photo: bdrc Ferreira, 2nd Fd Regt)
Cet article vise à déterminer les principaux
facteurs des défaillances des Forces canadiennes (FC) en
matière de leadership lors de leur intervention de 1993 en
Somalie. L'auteur s'appuie sur l'hypothèse
que les FC ne
disposaient pas des outils conceptuels nécessaires pour
mesurer les compétences de leurs chefs.
[source: http://www.cmrsj-rmcsj.forces.gc.ca/cb-bk/art-art/2012/art-art-fra.asp,
visité le 4 décembre 2015]
GARSTANG, Edward John, Crime and punishment on the Western
Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army Discipline,
thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch
University, 2009, xvi, 265 p.; available at https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/728/2/02Whole.pdf
(accessed 22 April 2020);
GAUDREAULT, Cynthia, lawyer, member of the OJAG; Major Gaudreault is
a member of the Quebec Bar and is posted at AJAG
Prairie Region Office, Winnipeg (3 June 2018);
The 10th annual @RCAFRun
in support of @SoldierOnCAN
and @CDNForceSupport
took place at CFB Winnipeg last weekend. Representing
our Prairie region team were Maj
Cynthia Gaudreault, Grant MacLeod, Maj
Sherry
MacLeod, Signy Vallentgoed and CWO Sandra Spragg.
"Maj Cynthia Gaudreault (RCAF), is
attending an operational Law of Armed
Conflict course in Paris, designed for French officers
prior to deploying as legal
advisors. The group is discussing the legalities for
engagement with a particular
unit, location or subject."
___________GAUDREAULT, Cynthia, lawyer, member of the OJAG, see
Twitter account at https://twitter.com/CynGau
(accessed 30 March 2020);
GAUGH, M.H., Captain, member of the OJAG; was co-counsel with
Major M.L.P.P. Germain for the Director of Military Prosecutions in
the case Carlyon R. Y. (Lieutenant-Commander), R. v., 2017 CM 4013
(CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/hp4h9> (accessed 10 May 2018);
Image
source: missingpeople.net/pickton_murder_trial_could_start.htm,
accessed 3 June 2018
Geoffrey Gaul
GAUL, Geoffrey, former legal officer, LCdr, (reserve
force) in 2009 named Justice of the B.C. Supreme Court:
In 2000, he joined the reserves of the Canadian Forces,
working in the office of the Judge Advocate General (JAG)
and was commissioned as a lieutenant (navy). He was
promoted to the rank of lieutenant-commander in 2004. His
practice expertise is in criminal law, environmental law,
and first nations/aboriginal law
[source: Hall, Neal, "New judges named to B.C. Supreme
Court", The Vancouver Sun, 2 February 2008, available at
pressreader.com/canada/vancouver-sun/20080202/281973193339407,
accessed 21 December 2017]
___________photo of Lt(N) Gaul, Geoffrey with other JAG officers
from the article of PETTIGREW, Leishia, "Canada-NZ Exchange
2007 -- Legal Staff Officer Captain Leisha Pettigrew, from HQ 3rd
Land Force Group, Took Part in the Annual Exchange in Canada
(CANEX). It proved to be a Joint-Service Experience",
(2007) 126 Navy Today 14-15; available at http://navy.mil.nz/downloads/pdf/navy-today/nt126-web.pdf
(accessed 4 November 2015);
From the left: Capt Leishia Pettigrew, Maj Sean Raleigh, Lt Geoff Gaul, Lt Col Randy Callan, Maj Phillip
Drew, Maj Tammy Tremblay
& Lt Cdr Mary Wardam; Image source: p. 15 of the
article.
Image source: , accessed 17 January 2016
Alain Gauthier
GAUTHIER, Alain, testimony of Alain Gauthier, director general of
operations, Office of the ombudsman, National Defence and Canadian
Forces Ombusman, on Bill C-15,An Act to amend the
National Defence Act and to make consequential amendments to
other Acts -- this Bill has the Short Title:Strengthening
Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act, before the
House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence,
meeting number 63, 4 February 2013, minutes
and evidence;
GAUTHIER, J. René, "Nécrologie: Me J. René Gauthier, C.R.",
La Presse, 20 avril 1971 à la p. 16; officier légal dans
CARC, 1941-1945 disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2716457
(consulté le 20 août 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
____________sur le chef d'escadre René Gauthier, voir aussi:
"...Inauguration d'un service juridique dans la troisième région
d'aviation...Service juridique", Le devoir, mardi 26
janvier 1943, at p. 2; available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2804853
(accessed 20 August 2018);
____________sur le chef d'escadre René Gauthier, voir
aussi: "La 3e région d'entrainement aérien possède
maintenant son propre service juridique", La Tribune,
Sherbrooke, mercredi 27 janvier 1943, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3541273
(vérifié le 27 janvier 2019);
___________sur Me Jean-René Gauthier, voir aussi les notes
biographiques de Jean-Jacques
Lefebvre, 1971 Revue du Barreau 500-502; ****
___________sur le chef
d'escadre René Gauthier, voir aussi: "Service juridique de
l'aviation", La presse, Montréal, lundi, 25 janvier 1943
à la 17; contient aussi d'autres photos et des notes
biographiques; disponible au permalien http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2962059,
site consulté le 24 février 2020;
Image
source: www.nauticapedia.ca/dbase/Query/Biolist3.php?&name=Gauvin%2C%20Jacques%20J.&id=5290&Page=8&input=1,
accessed 26 May 2016
Jacques J. Gauvin
GAUVIN, Jacques J., Captain (N), The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the
Canadian Forces : social experimentation or a revival of the
Canadian military ethos?, Toronto: Canadian Forces
College, National Security Studies Course Paper, 2000, 27 p.
(series; NSSC paper; NSSC 2, 2000);
GAUVIN, R.J. (Robert Joseph), Major, member of the OJAG, employed
by the Director of Military Prosecutions in R. v. Burton,
2018 CM 2002, available at (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/hqlq0>
(accessed 8 May 2018); member of the Law Society of Ontario;
GEDDES, R.R and Emergency Preparedness Canada Directorate of
Emergency Operations Coordination and the Advisory Committee on
Vital Points Contract Study Report on Protecting Category II
Vital Points during Time of War or Serious civil Crisis,
Ottawa, 28 March 1988, available at https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/jf%201525.c74%20g43%201988-eng.pdf
(accessed 4 October 2020);
Summary [excerpt]
The role of the Canadian Forces is to defend Canada from external
military aggression. The normal, first line
protection of property
against criminal acts is an owner's responsibility.Sabotage is an
offence under the Criminal Code of
Canada. Therefore, the protection
of civil vital points' property against acts
of sabotage is considered
to be a civil law and order function in which
the owners or occupants
are responsible for providing the normal, first line protection.
The
various levels of government having jurisdiction
are responsible for
the provision of appropriate emergency response,
backup protective services. That
concept is current policy for the Vital Points Program. Because it appears to be the only practicable approach, that policy
for the protection of Category
II Vital Points should be confirmed
and reinforced.
From the left: LCol A. Dufour, LCdr M.
Geiger-Wolf,
Roma Stevenson, Maj. Powers, Joy Beghin, and Thea Haut (source of
image: (July-Oct 2000) 3 JAG Newsletter--Bulletin
d'actualités at p. 7)
GEIGER-WOLF, Michele, member of the Law Society of Manitoba since
1992, legal officer with the OJAG:
In
this position I provided legal advice and assistance
to senior members of the military chain of command on
all aspects of the law that arose, similar to
corporate counsel. Key areas include administrative
law, military justice, international law, agreements
and memoranda of understanding, statutory
interpretation, The Privacy Act and Access to
Information. I was also able to teach legal subjects
to non-lawyers, including in the areas of military
justice, the law of armed conflict, and military
administrative law. I was privileged to teach at the
Jamaican Defence College and to an international group
of military officers [source: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/michele-geiger-wolf-288a402b,
accessed 21 February 2018]
____________on GEIGER-WOLF, Michele, see following photo:
GEIGER-WOLF, Michele, LCol is on the left.
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF1h1
hour ago [22 November 2018]
Congratulations to AJAG
Prairie Chief Warrant Officer Sandra Spragg for receiving
the "Volunteer Extraordinaire" award
from the @assiniboinezoo.
CWO Spragg has generously volunteered more than 1000 hours
of her
off-duty time in the past 14 months!" (site accessed 22
November 2018)
___________ "Roma Stevenson -- 35 Years of Outstanding service",
(2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 2; Commander
Geiger-Wolf is a JAG officer since 1996, see https://ca.linkedin.com/in/michele-geiger-wolf-288a402b); FRANÇAIS: ___________ "Roma Stevenson -- 35 ans de service
exemplaire", (2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 3;
-----
Claudia Berthiaume, journaliste et auteure de
l'article
De la g.,: Julie Lemieux, Guillaume Gélinas et Luc Gélinas
("(photo tirée
Source de l'image: https://twitter.com/cberthiaumejdm,
de la page Facebook de Luc Gélinas), source:
consulté le 13 mars
2018
45enord.ca/2016/10/le-reserviste-guillaume-gelinas-finalement-cite-a-son-proces-pour-deux-meurtres-au-1er-degre/
GÉLINAS, Guillaume, voir l'article de BERTHIAUME, Claudia,
"Un ex-militaire admet avoir tué son père et sa belle-mère.
Il a été condamné à la prison à vie lundi, sans possibilité de
libération avant 18 ans", Journal de Montréal, 12 mars
2018; accusé est un ancien militaire [réserve] Luc Gélinas; juge:
Michel Pennou; avocat de la défense: Marc Labelle; procureur de la
couronne: Éric Côté; incident 13 février 2014; les victimes: Luc
Gélinas et Julie Lemieux;
Il semble que le tueur, qui a servi dans les
Forces armées canadiennes, peinait à conserver un emploi
depuis son retour
d’une mission en Afghanistan, trois ans auparavant.
[...]
D’après son avocat, Marc Labelle, un événement aurait «
débalancé » Guillaume Gélinas lorsqu’il a œuvré en
Afghanistan.
Un de ses amis proches a été « déchiqueté » tout près de lui
lorsque sa propre grenade a explosé.
[source: journaldemontreal.com/2018/03/12/lex-membre-des-forces-armees-canadiennes-guillaume-gelinas-plaide-coupable-1,
consulté le 13 mars 2018]
[Note de recherche: ci-dessous un interview
entre Isabelle Richer et l'avocat de Guillaume Gélinas,
Me Marc Labelle; cependant l'interview n'est
pas sur le cas de Guillaume Gélinas mais sur la façon de
défendre de Me Labelle ]
___________sur GÉLINAS, Guillaume, voir RADIO-CANADA, "Guillaume
Gélinas condamné à perpétuité pour les meurtres de son père et de
sa belle-mère", 12 mars 2018 avec un video d'un entretien entre
Isabelle Richer et le dr. Gilles Chamberland, psychiatre et
directeur dex xervices professionnels Institut Philippe Pinel de
Montréal sur le stress post-traumatqie et disponible à https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1088667/guillaume-gelinas-coupable-meurtres-pere-belle-mere
(consulté le 6 octobre 2020);
Image
source: facebook.com/alexandre.gelinasproulx, accessed 16 March
2018
Alexandre Gélinas-Proulx
GÉLINAS-PROULX, Alexandre, Les droits internationaux de la
personne: un cadre conceptuel ne
pouvant faire abstraction des entités non humaines /
Alexandre Gélinas-Proulx ; sous la direction de Syméon Karagiannis,
Mémoire de Master 2, Université Robert
Schuman (Strasbourg), Faculté de droit, de sciences
politiques, et de gestion, 2008, 79 pages; voir http://www.sudoc.abes.fr//DB=2.1/SET=3/TTL=1/CLK?IKT=1016&TRM=Les+droits+internationaux+de+la+personne
(accessed 28 August 2017);
Master seaman Daniel Cooper, a naval communicator
at Canadian Forces Base Halifax, briefly appeared before
military judge Col. Mario
Dutil on Tuesday in Halifax.
After a delay of several hours as lawyers met behind
closed doors, Cooper's lawyer, Maj. Alexandre
Gelinas-Proulx, told Dutil he was
applying to withdraw due to "irreconcilable differences."
Dutil agreed to the request, and told Cooper to
retain another lawyer as quickly as possible.
GELLY, Pierre, décédé le 1er mars 1972, Major, assistant-juge
avocat, voir l'article de Lucien Plante, "Les noms des 19 accusés
sont révélés et d'autres personnes mises en cause", L'Action
catholique : organe de l'Action sociale catholique,
samedi 24 juillet 1954, à la p. 1; disponible au permalien
suivant: http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3526328,
page consultée le 2 juillet 2020;
___________sur Gelly, Pierre, avocat de la défense à une cour
martiale, voir , "Militaire traduit en cour martiale", Le
soleil, lundi 9 juillet 1951 à la p. 11, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3176080,
vérifié le 2 juillet 2020;
___________sur Gelly, Pierre,voir son avis de décès dans Le
soleil, vendredi 3 mars 1972, à la p. 33, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2639064,
site visité le 2 juillet 2020; notez l'erreur "vierge noire"!;
monsieur Gelly a été gentilhomme huissier de la verge noire de 1948
à 1968;
___________sur Gelly, Pierre, il est "avocat au
quartiers-généraux du district militaire numéro 5", voir "Feu Mme
Emile Gelly", Le devoir, lundi 9 août 1943, à la p.
5, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2805020,
site visité le 2 juillet 2020;
Mark
Gendron, image source:
http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-org-structure/judge-advocate-general-command.page,
accessed 1 August 2015
GENDRON, Mark, on https://ca.linkedin.com/pub/mark-gendron/88/976/22b
(accessed 1 August 2015);
Image
source:
https://ipolitics.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Nov.40171.jpg,
accessed 2 October 2016
Colonel Mark Gendron, left, with Major-General Michael Hood
_____________The legal and strategic paradigms of the United
Nations' intervention in Somalia, Thesis, Master of Arts in
War Studies, Royal Military College of Canada, 1994, iv, 198
leaves; Includes bibliographical references; thesis advisor: Joel
Sokolsky; available at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22766.pdf
(accessed 8 July 2016);
___________on Mark Gendron, see Sean M. Maloney, "Operational
Manoeuvre Group Operation SOHIL LARAM II, Kandahar Province,
February 2008", (2009) 18 Canadian Military History
60-78, at p. 68;
Colonel David Antonyshyn, DJAG Military
Justice, is in #Geneva
teaching a CENTROC @TheGCSP
workshop that focuses on the role
of commanders and legal advisers when implementing the
Law of
Armed Conflict, Human Rights Law and rules governing the
Use of
Force in military operations." (accessed 31 August 2018)
GERMAIN, Alban, Capitaine, avocat, en 1918, voir "Une grave
accusation", Le devoir, mercredi le 11 décembre
1918, à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800192
(consulté le 27 juillet 2018); sur cet avocat voir Revue du
Barreau, 1941 à la p. 78; décédé en février 1941;
___________sur GERMAIN, Alban, avocat qui représente le ministère
de la milice, dans la cour martiale dont parle l'article suivant:
"Trois autres inculpés", Le devoir, Montréal, 18 décembre
1918 à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800198
(consulté le 14 mars 2019);
22 février 1941 : Meurt à cause
d’un incendie dans sa bibliothèque d’Outremont Alban
Germain,
avocat criminaliste. Né en 1873 et natif du comté de
Wright, province d’Ontario, il fait ses études
au séminaire de Sainte-Thérèse, puis au séminaire de
Joliette, ensuite à la Faculté de droit de
l’Université Laval de Montréal. Il commence à pratiquer le
droit en 1900, comme associé
d’Albert Théberge et il devient l’un des avocats
criminalistes les plus connus au Québec.
___________sur Germain, Alban, voir l'article "Me Alban
Germain périt dans un incendie qui éclate à sa demeure", L'illustration
nouvelle, Montréal, 24 février 1941 à la p. 3, reproduit de
http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/...., site consulté le 26
mai 2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
GERMAIN, Patrice (M.L.P.P.), Captain, acted as co-counsel with
Captain L. Langlois for the Director of Military Prosecutions in
the case of Edmunds N.S. (Master Corporal), R. v., 2017 CM 3016
(CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/hnzwk>
(accessed 9 May 2018); membre du Barreau du Québec; member of the
OJAG since 2014;
___________on GERMAIN Patrice, was the prosecutor in the court
martial referred to in the article by Campbell, Francis, "Fondling
of frigate-mates aboard HMCS Charlottetown earns navy officer a
reprimand", The Chronicle Herald, Halifax, 29 August 2019;
available at https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/news/halifax/fondling-of-frigate-mates-earns-navy-officer-a-reprimand-346626/
(accessed 4 August 2019); defence counsel was Lieutenant-Commander
Brent Walden; Commander Sandra Sukstorf, was the presiding judge
at that Standing Court martial; charges were behaving in a
disgraceful manner while aboard HMCS Charlottetown;
A female navy officer [Sub-Lieutenant Aidan
Brownlee] who several times grabbed the genitals of male
colleagues
aboard HMCS Charlottetown was handed a severe reprimand and a
$3,000 fine at a Halifax court martial Thursday.
....
Germain said a severe reprimand is often used in
conjunction with a fine to provide more impact.
“It can delay some progression,” Germain said. “I cannot
give you a mathematical answer and I
do not want to say that it is purely Victorian era heritage
where you’ve been reprimanded and you
hide in your room. It is a punishment in itself ... actually
a more serious punishment than a fine,
whatever the amount of the fine is.”
Germain said the sentence is a “great resolution” for the
offence committed.
Walter Dorn, a professor at the Canadian Forces College in
Toronto, said he agrees some of the progress made after Somalia
is being allowed to languish, particularly since Canada no
longer seems to embrace its traditional role as a peacekeeper.
“It means that Canadian soldiers are less experienced and less
knowledgeable and less well-prepared for peacekeeping and our
peace operations in general,” said Dorn, noting that he doesn’t
think Canada suffers from the same institutional failings that
enabled Arone’s torture and death.
The federal government’s forthcoming Bill C-15, which proposes
changes to the military justice system, could pose just such a
risk, warned Peter Tinsley, the chief prosecutor for the Somalia
cases in the 1990s.
The bill — which seeks to balance military police independence
against the ability of commanders to hold them to account —
files in the face of two decades of effort spent making military
police more independent, Tinsley said.
“None of (the prosecutors) were proud of the events that took
place,” he said. “But we did our jobs.”
Last month, Glenn Stannard, chairman of the Military Police
Complaints Commission,told a Commons committee the bill would
curtail guidelines that have been in place “since the period
following the troubled Somalia deployment,which specifically
sought to safeguard MP investigations from interference by the
chain of command.”
The bill “doesn’t bode well and doesn’t recognize the lessons
that should have been learned in Somalia,” Tinsley said.
GIBSON, Michael R., "Armed forces abroad, peacekeeping
operations and military tribunals", Internal Commission of
Jurists, Human Rights and the Administration of Justice Through
Military Tribunals, Geneva, 26-28 January 2004, 7 p.; available
at http://www.icj.org/IMG/pdf/28_January_2004.pdf
(accessed on 27 July 2008); "Colonel Gibson is a
graduate of the Royal Military College of Canada (Honours B.A.
Political Science and History), the University of Toronto Faculty
of Law (LLB) and the London School of Economics and Political
Science (M.Sc. International Relations, and LLM Public
International Law)", see http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dsa-dns/sa-ns/ab/sobv-vbos-eng.asp?mAction=View&mBiographyID=1015
(accessed on 16 January 2012); he is a member of the Ontario Bar;
his LL.M. would be circa 2006;
___________Biographical notes (not necessarily written by Michael
Gibson) / notes biographiques (pas n/cessairement composées par
Michael Gibson):
Originally from Strathroy, Ontario, Colonel
Michael Gibson joined the Canadian Forces in 1980. He
initially flew as an Air Navigator
in the Air Force doing passenger, cargo, VIP and air-to-air
refuelling missions on the CC-130 Hercules and Boeing 707
aircraft. He
also served as a strategic airlift operations planner at Air
Transport Group Headquarters Trenton, and as a Platoon
Officer training officer
candidates on the Basic Officer Training Course.
After becoming a Legal Officer, Colonel Gibson served in
a variety of positions, including Deputy Judge Advocate
Trenton, Director
of Military Justice Policy and Research, and Director of
International and Operational Law. He has been
prosecution, defence and
appellate counsel, and has had significant involvement in
recent legislation affecting the military justice system
as policy architect,
instructing counsel for the drafting of legislation, and
as a witness before Parliamentary committees. He has also
published several
articles on international human rights law and the
administration of justice by military tribunals, and was
formerly the President of
the Canadian National Group of the International Society
for Military Law and the Law of War. Immediately prior to
his appointment
as a Military Judge, Colonel Gibson was the Deputy Judge
Advocate General Military Justice, responsible for
military justice policy,
legislative reform and strategic initiatives concerning
the Canadian military justice system.
Colonel Gibson’s service as an officer in the Canadian
Forces has taken him to over 60 countries around the
world. His operational
deployments abroad included Legal Advisor to the Canadian
Contingent of the NATO Stabilization Force (SFOR) in
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Legal Advisor to the Disaster Assistance Response Team on
its deployment to assist victims of an earthquake in
Turkey, Deputy Legal
Advisor at the NATO SFOR Headquarters in Sarajevo,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Senior Military Law Advisor for
the Rule of Law Unit
of MONUC, the United Nations Mission in the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
Colonel Gibson is a graduate of the Royal Military
College of Canada (Honours B.A. Political Science and
History), the University of
Toronto Faculty of Law (LLB) and the London School of
Economics and Political Science (M.Sc. International
Relations, and LLM Public
International Law).
The Governor in Council appointed Colonel Gibson as a
Military Judge on 1 October 2013.
Né à Strathroy, Ontario, le colonel Michael Gibson s’est
enrôlé dans les Forces canadiennes en 1980. Il a d’abord
servi comme navigateur
aérien au sein de la Force aérienne effectuant des
missions de transport de passagers, de fret et de
dignitaires ainsi que de ravitaillement
air-air à bord d’aéronefs CC130 Hercules et Boeing 707. Il
a également servi comme planificateur des opérations de
transport aérien
stratégique au Quartier général du Groupe Transport
aérien, à Trenton, ainsi qu’à titre d’officier de
peloton donnant de la formation aux
aspirants-officiers dans le cadre du Cours élémentaire
d’officier.
Devenu avocat militaire, le colonel Gibson a occupé
différents postes, dont ceux de juge-avocat adjoint à
Trenton, de directeur – Justice
militaire, politique et recherche, et de directeur du
Droit international et opérationnel. Il a été avocat de la
poursuite, de la défense et d’appel,
et il a participé activement à l’élaboration de textes de
loi récents touchant au système de justice militaire en
tant qu’architecte de politique,
qu’avocat-conseil dans le cadre de la rédaction de textes
législatifs, et il a aussi agi comme témoin de comités
parlementaires. Il a également
publié de nombreux articles concernant le droit
international des droits de la personne et
l’administration des tribunaux militaires, en plus
d’avoir occupé le poste de président du groupe national
canadien au sein de la Société internationale de droit
militaire et de droit de la guerre.
Immédiatement avant sa nomination en tant que juge
militaire, le colonel était Juge-avocat général
adjoint/Justice militaire responsable de la
politique en matière de justice militaire, de la réforme
législative et des initiatives stratégiques concernant le
système canadien de justice militaire.
Le service du Colonel Gibson en tant qu’officier dans les
Forces canadiennes l’a mené dans plus de soixante pays
dans le monde. Ses missions à
l’étranger comprennent celles de conseiller juridique du
contingent canadien de la Force de stabilisation de l’OTAN
(SFOR) en Bosnie-Herzégovine,
de conseiller juridique de l’Équipe d’intervention en cas
de catastrophe lors de son déploiement pour venir en aide
aux victimes d’un séisme en
Turquie, de conseiller juridique adjoint au quartier
général de la SFOR de l’OTAN à Sarajevo,
Bosnie-Herzégovine, et de conseiller juridique
militaire principal de l’unité de la primauté du droit de
la MONUC, la Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies
en République démocratique
du Congo.
Le colonel Gibson est diplômé du Collège militaire royal
du Canada (baccalauréat ès art en politique et histoire,
avec distinctions), de la Faculté
de droit (LLB) de l’Université de Toronto et de la London
School of Economics and Political Science (M. SC. en
relations internationales et LL.M.
en droit international public).
Le gouverneur en conseil a nommé le colonel Gibson comme
juge militaire le 1er octobre 2013.
Image
source:
www.hoover.org/news/order-discipline-and-accountability-armed-forces,
accessed 31 May 2016
Colonel Michael Gibson, 2012, image credit:
Janet Chang
___________Biographical Notes (not necessarily written by Michael
Gibson) / notes biographiques (pas n/cessairement composées par
Michael Gibson):
OTTAWA, February 6, 2015 – The Honourable
Peter MacKay, P.C., Q.C., M.P. for Central Nova, Minister
of
Justice and Attorney General of Canada, today announced
the following appointments: ....
The Honourable Michael R. Gibson, a
military judge in Ottawa, is appointed a judge of the
Ontario
Superior Court of Justice to replace Mr. Justice J.C.
Murray (Milton), who resigned effective December 31, 2014.
Mr. Justice Gibson received a Bachelor of Laws from the
University of Toronto in 1994 and a Master of Laws,
Public International Law, from the London School of
Economics and Political Science in 2007. He was admitted
to the Bar of Ontario in 1996.
Mr. Justice Gibson was appointed a military judge in
2013. Prior to that, he had been legal counsel with the
Judge Advocate General (JAG) office in Ottawa since 2003.
He was defence counsel, JAG Directorate of Defence
Counsel Services in Hull (2000-02) and Deputy Judge
Advocate at the Canadian Forces Base in Trenton
(1996-2000).
His main areas of practice were criminal prosecutions,
immigration and real property, and international law.
(source: http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2015/doc_33094.html,
accessed 8 February 2015)
------
OTTAWA, le 6 février 2015 – L'honorable
Peter MacKay, C.P., c.r., député de Nova-Centre, ministre
de la
Justice et procureur général du Canada, a annoncé les
nominations suivantes : [...]
L'honorable Michael R. Gibson, juge
militaire à Ottawa, est nommé juge de la Cour supérieure
de justice
de l'Ontario. Il remplace monsieur le juge J.C. Murray
(Milton), qui a démissionné le 31 décembre 2014.
Monsieur le juge Gibson a obtenu un baccalauréat en droit
de l'Université de Toronto en 1994 et une maîtrise
en droit, droit international public, de la London School of Economics and Political
Science en 2007. Il a été
reçu au Barreau de l'Ontario en 1996.
Monsieur le juge Gibson a été nommé juge militaire en
2013. Avant sa nomination, il était conseiller juridique
au sein du Bureau du juge-avocat général (JAG) à Ottawa
depuis 2003. Il a également été avocat de la défense
pour la Direction du service d'avocats de la défense (JAG)
à Hull (2000-2002) et juge-avocat adjoint à la Base
des Forces armées canadiennes à Trenton (1996-2000). Ses
principaux domaines de pratique étaient les
poursuites pénales, l'immigration et le droit immobilier,
et le droit international.
(source: http://www.justice.gc.ca/fra/nouv-news/nj-ja/2015/doc_33094.html,
visité le 8 février 2015).
Source:
45enord.ca/2013/10/premiere-nomination-a-ce-poste-en-six-ans-michael-gibson-devient-juge-militaire/,
accessed 12 October 2017
Le colonel Gibson, qui vient d'être nommé juge militaire, en
compagnie d'avocats de
plusieurs autre pays, alors qu'il était déployé au Congo comme
Juge avocat général (E-Veritas)
___________interview with 14435 Michael Gibson, Deputy JAG,
Military Justice, eVERITAS, available at http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=71856
(accessed on 16 November 2014);
e-veritas:
What is the purpose of the Canadian military justice system?
14435 Col Michael Gibson: The
Canadian military justice system has two fundamental
purposes: to
promote the operational effectiveness of the Canadian Forces
by contributing to the maintenance of
discipline, efficiency and morale; and, to contribute to
respect for the law and the maintenance of a
just, peaceful and safe society. It thus serves the ends of
both discipline and justice.
___________Letter to the editor of the Canadian Military Journal
on "the creation of a Canadian National Group of the International
Society for Military Law and the Law of War (ISMLLW), and to share some information with your
readers regarding this organization.creation", Military
Law Journal, vol. 12, number 4, p. 7; available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol12/no4/page7-eng.asp
(accessed on 8 January 2015); also published in French -- aussi
publié en français à http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol12/no4/page7-fra.asp;
--------- (source:
www.amazon.ca/Military-Justice-Modern-Alison-Duxbury/dp/1107042372,
accessed 27 July 2016)
___________"Military Justice in operational settings, in
peacekeeping and in situations of transitional justice", Text of
Speaker, International Society for Military Law and the Law of
War, 19th Congress, Quebec City, 2012, available at http://www.ismllw.org/congres/2012_05_01_Quebec_texts%20of%20speakers.php
and http://www.ismllw.org/congres/2012_05_01_Quebec_textes%20des%20orateurs/02%20Colonel%20Gibson.pdf
(accessed on 24 August 2013); also published in Alison Duxbury,
Matthew Groves, eds., Military Justice in the Modern Age,
Cambridge University Press, 2016, 446 p., at chapter 19 at aprox.
pp. 381-396, ISBN: 9781107042377;
35A striking Canadian example is the
Statement of Defence Ethics, which applies to employees
of the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND)
and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). Clause 3.1
provides that 'At all time and in all places, DND
employees and CAF members shall uphold Canada's
parliamentary democracy and its institutions by
respecting the rule of law'. See
www.forces.gc.ca/en/about/statement-of-defence-ethics.page.
(source footnote 35 at https://books.google.ca/books?id=RFCeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA384&lpg=PA384&dq=%22military+justice%22+Canada&source=bl&ots=O-dJqRhUPi&sig=hDM_tZdMLRYmr7Qyt0M5WHmVzn8&hl
=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI0bWx_bzPAhWryoMKHa64AKk4FBDoAQhCMAc#v=onepage&q=%22military%20justice%22%20Canada&f=false,
at p. 391, accessed 2 October 2016)
Image
source: lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/470321/1/2012-2013+Recueil+Qu%C3%A9bec+Textes+Naert.pdf,
accessed 5 June 2016
___________"Military Justice Systems" in Stanislas Horvat and
Marco Benatar, eds., L'interopérabilité juridique et la
garantie du respect du droit applicable dans le cadre des
déploiements multinationaux, Texte du Congrès / Legal
Interoperability and Ensuring Observance of the Law Applicable
in Multinational Deployments, Bruxelles: Société
internationale de droit militaire et de droit de la guerre, 2013
(collection; Recueils de la Société internationale de droit
militaire et de droit de la guerre; 19) at pp. 280 to approx. 284;
notes:19e
Congrès international 19th
International Congress
,
s
sQ UÉBEC
(Canada) 1
- 5 mai/May 2012; available at http://www.academia.edu/3656564/LInteroperabilite_juridique_et_la_garantie_du_respect_du_droit_applicable_dans_le_cadre_des_deploiements_multinationaux_Legal_Interoperability_and_Ensuring_Observance_of_the_Law_Applicable_in_Multinational_Deployments
(accessed on 28 February 2014);
___________"Military Tribunals", in Frauke Lachenmann and Rüdiger
Wolfrum, eds., The Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of
Force, The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law,
Oxford (U.K.): Oxford University Press, 2017, xxxii, 1427 p. at
pp. 732-738 Series; (Max Planck encyclopedia of public
international law thematic series; volume 2), ISBN-13:
9780198784623;
___________on Colonel Michael Gibson, see Edwards,
Victoria, "14435 Michael Gibson, Deputy JAG, Military
Justice", e veritas,
posted by rmcclub on March
4th, 2012, available at http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=71856
(accessed on 26 March 2012);
__________Recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal (Military
Division):
[Recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal (Military
Division)]
Colonel Michael Richard GIBSON,
CD, 6 August 2013
From February 2010 to June 2013, Colonel Gibson
displayed consummate expertise
in criminal law and military justice as the deputy judge advocate
general (Military Justice).
He led the sustained effort to advance Bill C-15, the
Strengthening Military Justice in the
Defence of Canada Act, a strategic policy that
culminated with Royal Assent of the bill
in June 2013. Colonel Gibson’s dedication and leadership
have enhanced Canada’s military
justice system and the operational effectiveness of the
Canadian Armed Forces.
Major Michael Gibson
___________ Speakers Corner, "Military legal counsel - There's no
life like it", (18-24 October 1999) 10(35) Law Times 6-7;
also published in (January-March 2000) 1 JAG Newsletter --
Bulletin d'actualités 8-10;
___________Testimony of Colonel Michael R. Gibson, Deputy Judge
Advocate General, Military Justice, on
Bill C-15,An
Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make
consequential amendments to other Acts -- this Bill
has the Short Title:Strengthening
Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
-- before
the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 66, 13
February 2013, minutes and evidence;
- before
the House of Commons Standing Committee on
National Defence, meeting number 67,
25
February 2013, minutes
and evidence;
-
before the
House
of Commons Standing
Committee on
National Defence, meeting
number 68, 27 February 2013,
minutes and
evidence;
-
before
the House of Commons Standing
Committee on
National
Defence, meeting
number 69,
4 March
2013, minutes
and
evidence;
___________Testimony of Col. Michael R. Gibson, Deputy
Judge Advocate General of Military Justice, on Bill
C-16, An Act to amend the National Defence Act (military
judges), Bill C-16, a Bill in
response "to the recent judgment of the Court Martial Appeal
Court in the case of R. v. LeBlanc regarding the
constitutionality of the appointment and tenure of military
judges";
- before the House of Commons
Standing Committee on National Defence, meeting number
12, 15 November 2011, minutes
and evidence;
- before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs, issue number 6, 23 November
2011, minutes
and evidence;
___________Testimony
of Col. Michael R. Gibson, Deputy Judge
Advocate General of Military Justice,
on Bill C- 425 , An Act to amend the
Citizenship
Act (Honouring
the Canadian
Armed Forces)
before
the Standing
Committee on
Citizenship
and
Immigration,
on 19 March
2013, see
ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/WitnessMeetings?witnessId=178937
Foreign Minister Chrystia
Freeland says her government needs to find ways to
address a loophole that allows
Canadian peacekeepers, military and police personnel to
evade domestic prosecution for crimes committed
overseas — but stopped short on Friday of committing to
a specific plan.
“The problem you’ve
identified is real,” Freeland told reporters at a
research funding announcement at the
University of Toronto, stressing that the government
needed a framework to deal with offences like sexual
assault alleged to have been committed outside Canada.
But she cautioned that the issue was complicated
by issues of extraterritoriality and that finding
evidence and witnesses in such cases was “very, very
complicated.”
Jacyln Giffen, image source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
The process to become a Regular Force (full-time) legal officer is
a competitive one. Each year the legal branch, like other
military occupations, is only authorized to enrol
a limited number of applicants. This is meant to account for
attrition, and/or achieve modest growth depending on the manning
priorities of the Canadian Forces. Recent
years have seen an average of five (5) positions made available,
but this will vary from one year to the next. Applications
submitted to recruiting centres are processed and
screened on a rolling basis throughout the year, and
interview/selection boards are typically held in the spring and
fall (if required).
Successful applicants who receive, and accept, an offer of
enrolment in the Canadian Forces will then proceed to a 14-week
basic training course -- known as Basic Military
Officer Qualification (BMOQ) -- at the Canadian Forces Leadership
and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. During
this course, candidates cover topics
including general military knowledge, principles of leadership,
regulations and customs of the Canadian Forces, basic weapons
handling, and first aid. As regular force
officers, candidates will also be required to complete a rigorous
physical fitness program. Included in the basic training will be
training exercises to apply newly acquired
military skills, such as force protection, field training,
navigation and leadership. Successful completion of all components
of the BMOQ is required in order to continue
on the road to becoming a CF legal officer. Following basic
training, candidates may be assigned to second language training,
depending on individual levels of
proficiency. Second language training can last anywhere from
two to nine months.
Once this initial training period is completed, new legal officers
join the Office of the JAG for their first posting.
-----
Chief disciplinarian, MWO Robert Gagnon
"The discipline side of the program at
CFDPDB includes detailed kit maintenance
and layout
each day. Inmate cells ans kit are inspected and points
received based on performance."
GILES, Mark, "CF prison has clear objectives", (April 21 avril 2004)
The Maple Leaf--La Feuille d'érable 17; available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/mdn-dnd/D12-7-7-14.pdf
(accessed 15 August 2016); aussi publié en français à la meme page
sous le titre "Objectifs clairs au prison des FC";
Image
source: www.cprs.ca/saintjohn2011/Mark_Giles.aspx, accessed 26 May
2016
Mark Giles
___________"Military Police Unit Provides Specialized
Support -- National Defence's major-crimes unit sends
clear message", Nov/Dec 2005/ www.frontline-canada.com, at pp.
22-23, available at http://www.frontline-canada.com/Defence/pdfs/05_6_Giles.pdf
(accessed on 27 November 2011); about the CFNIS = Canadian Forces
National Investigation Service established in 1997;
___________on GILES, T.R., Colonel, appeared for the
accused, appellant, in the Court martial Appeal Court of Canada,
see Regina v. Weselak, 1972 CanLII 1450 (CMAC), <http://canlii.ca/t/htwl7>
and (1972) 9 C.C.C. (2d) 193;à
GILL, Ritu and Angela Febbraro, "Experiences and Perceptions of
Sexual Harassment in the Canadian Forces Combat Arms", (1 February
2013) 19(2) Violence Against Women 269-287;
Recent studies examining sexual harassment in the
military indicate a decrease in reports of harassment, which
may be attributed to several factors, including zero-tolerance
policies or anti-harassment programs. However, the decrease
may also be attributed to fears of losing one’s job or of
being derogated by colleagues if harassment is reported. This
qualitative study of women employed in the Canadian combat
arms examined spontaneously shared perceptions and experiences
of sexual harassment. Six of the 26 women interviewed shared
their experiences or perceptions of harassment, including
concerns about potential repercussions of reporting.
Implications for gender integration in military organizations
are discussed.(source: http://vaw.sagepub.com/content/19/2/269.short,
accessed on 6 November 2014);
Richard H. Gimblett, image
source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
In a broader context, the incidents of 1949 were
the culmination of a pattern of low-level disobedience that
had been practiced in the RCN
since at least the mid-1930's, probably picked-up by sailors
who (like their officers) frequently were rotated for
training with the Royal Navy.
The messdeck lock-ins were a variation on the civilian
sit-down strike, spontaneous displays precipitated by some
local event, and undertaken
to alert officers to a problem the sailors believed was
within the power of those superiors to correct. Because
there existed no officially
sanctioned outlet for collective complaints, officers
accepted the lock-in as an unofficial protest. If the men's
demands were at all reasonable
(and invariably they were), they were acted upon, promptly
and without recrimination. No member of the RCN was ever
awarded the
punishment stipulated under King's Regulations for mutiny -
death by hanging.
GIMBLETT, Richard H., "The Post-war 'incidents' in the
Royal Canadian Navy" in Christopher M. Bell and Bruce A. Elleman,
eds., Naval mutinies of the
twentieth century: an international perspective, London:
Portand or Fred Cass., 2003, xii, 288 p., at p. 246 to 263,
ISBN: 0714654604 (cloth); title noted in my research but article
not consulted yet (1 January 2012);
___________"What the Mainguy Report Never Told Us : The Tradition
of 'Mutiny' in the Royal Canadian Navy Before 1949", (Summer 2000)
1 Canadian Military Journal
87-94;
Marc Gionet, image source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
---------------------------
Capc Nicole
Girard
From the right: Margaret-Ann MacDonald,
Source de l'image:
(2006)
Nicole Girard, and Mrs. Mitchell, Lahr, Federal Republic of
Germany,
1 JAG Les actualités --
Newsletter 26
circa 1981-1982 (photo: François Lareau)
GIRARD, Nicole et Nadine Fortin, "Oui, votre honneur!", (2006) 1
JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter
26; notes: also published in Le
Valeureux, Journal de l'exercice Pèlerin Valeureux 2005;
FRANÇAIS : GIRARD, Nicole et
Nadine Fortin, "Yes, Your Honour!", (2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter
26; notes: également publié dans Le Valeureux, Journal de l'exercice Pèlerin
Valeureux 2005;
GIROUARD, René [Arthur] de la Bruere, 1882-1941,
Lieutenant-Colonel, see Healy, J.J., "True and Fascinating
Canadian History Vet of the Month: June, 2011", available at https://www.rcmpgraves.com/vetcorner/vetmonth-jun11.html
(accessed 10 March 2018);
As a child, he moved with his parents to St. Catharines,
ON., where he received his early education
at Bishop Ridley's College. At the age of 18 years he
received his Commission in the Royal Leicester
Regiment Imperial Forces while stationed in Halifax, NS.
Over subsequent years, he would go on to
distinguish himself with many other appointments related
to honourable civic and military affairs.
After leaving Halifax, Mr. Girouard transferred to the
Royal Canadian Regiment but in 1905, he
left military life entirely with the rank of Captain and
he entered the profession of civil engineering.
In 1914, he saw action briefly in France, then he
returned to Canada and he organized the 178th French
Canadian Battalion in the Eastern Townships of Québec
before taking them overseas in 1917.
En route, he was appointed Officer Commanding aboard the
Leviathan. Returning to Canada again,
he was placed in Command of the Depot Branch in Québec and
in 1918 he took that Unit overseas
together with the Laval University Unit.
Back in Canada the following year, Mr.
Girouard was appointed Warden of St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary in Montreal and Deputy Judge
Advocate General of the Military District # 5 in
Québec. ....
[Vold and oversized added; Mr. Girouard does not appear
do have been a lawyer]
___________on GIROUARD, René Arthur de la Breure, see photo and
article on him in The Evening Citizen, Ottawa, Fiday, 10
January 1941 at pp. 1 and 12;
[photo at p. 12 of the article,
Retrieved from
http://biblioottawalibrary.ca.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/
ezproxylogin?url=/docview/2375445127?accountid=46526,
accessed 30 April 2020]
Brad Gladman, image source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
GLADMAN, Brad W. (Brad William), Enabling Appropriate Freedom of Action at the
Operational Level: The Legal Authorities for the Conduct of
Domestic Operations, Ottawa: Centre for Operational
Research and Analysis, Defence Research and Development Canada,
2006, Technical Memorandum 2006-17);
Image
source: https://twitter.com/westdef1/status/486540306465058817,
accessed 22 July 2017
___________recent projects of Dr. Brad Gladman, Strategic
Analyst, Cdn Forces Aerospace Warfare Centre (CFAWCRFI@forces.gc.ca):
His recent projects include an analysis of the Use of
Force in CF Operations, and the Rules of Engagement
framework;
an analysis of the legal authorities for the conduct of
domestic operations; and most recently, an analysis of
means to
ensure the operational level commands have appropriate
inputs into the force development process.
(source:
http://jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/view/112/123,
accessed 22 July 2017)
___________"Strenthening the Relationship : NATO Expansion and
Canada Command", (Winter 2006-2007) 9(2) Journal of Military
and Strategic Studies 1-20; available at http://jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/view/112/123
(accessed 22 July 2017);
GLEESON, Patrick K. (Patrick Kevin) (Pat), Biographical Notes on
/Notes biographiques sur:
Colonel Patrick Gleeson
Deputy Judge Advocate General/Operations,
Canadian Armed Forces Office of the Judge Advocate General
Colonel Gleeson was born in Saint John, New Brunswick. His
involvement through secondary school with Air Cadets sparked
his interest in a
military career, and upon graduation from high school in 1980
he was accepted into the Regular Officer Training Plan. He
attended le Collège
Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, graduating with a degree in
Business Administration in 1985. After graduation he served in
Shearwater, Nova
Scotia, and Kingston, Ontario, as an administration officer
before entering law school under the Military Legal Training
Plan in 1990. He received
his LL.B. from the University of New Brunswick in 1993.
Colonel Gleeson completed his articles in Fredericton with the
law firm of Hanson and
Hashey and was admitted to the Law Society of New Brunswick in
1994. After spending two years in Halifax, as an assistant
Deputy Judge
Advocate and prosecutor, Colonel Gleeson was promoted to Major
and posted to Ottawa in 1996, where he gained experience in
the fields of
administrative and operational law. He also served as a member
of the National Defence Act Amendment Team, developing and
implementing
significant reforms to the National Defence Act. In 2000,
Colonel Gleeson was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and assumed
the position of
Director of Law Military Justice Policy and Research. He also
served as the Special Assistant to the Judge Advocate General
prior to being
posted to Montreal as the Assistant Judge Advocate General
Eastern Region in 2003. Colonel Gleeson returned to academic
studies again in
2004, attending the McGill Institute of Air and Space Law. He
completed his LL.M and on his return to Ottawa in 2005, he was
promoted to
Colonel. He has since served in a variety of senior leadership
positions within the Office of the Judge Advocate General. He
was also seconded
to the Department of Justice for an 18 month period,
coordinating the legal aspects of a variety of national
security related matters on behalf
of the Assistant Deputy Attorney General Public Safety,
Defence and Immigration. Colonel Gleeson has had significant
involvement in the
development of military justice legislation, leading policy
development, instructing on the drafting of legislation and
assisting Parliamentarians
in their consideration of legislative reforms in numerous
forums, including as a witness before Parliamentary
committees. In 2012, Colonel
Gleeson was posted to his current position, Deputy Judge
Advocate General/ Operations, where he is responsible for the
delivery of operational
legal advice to the CAF at the tactical, operational and
Strategic levels. Colonel Gleeson’s operational experience
includes deployments to Haiti,
and to Europe where he provided legal advice in support of
Royal Canadian Air Force combat operations over the Balkans.
He has also acted as
the legal advisor to Joint Task Force 2, the Canadian Forces
Counter-Terrorism/Special Operations unit.
(source: http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/nr-cp/2013/bio.html,
accessed on 8 May 2014)
Colonel Patrick Gleeson Juge-avocat général adjoint/Opérations, Forces armées
canadiennes Cabinet du Juge-avocat général
Le Colonel Gleeson est né à Saint John, Nouveau-Brunswick. Sa
participation avec les Cadets de l’air durant sa jeunesse lui
a fait découvrir le
milieu militaire et à la fin de son secondaire en 1980, il a
été accepté au Programme de formation des officiers de la
Force régulière. Il a obtenu
son diplôme en administration des affaires au Collège
militaire royal de Saint-Jean en 1985. Après avoir gradué, il
a occupé le poste d’officier
d’administration du personnel dans les unités et les bases de
Shearwater (Nouvelle-Écosse) et de Kingston (Ontario) avant
d’être admis en
1990 à la faculté de droit dans le cadre du Programme
militaire d’études en droit. Il a reçu son diplôme de
l’Université du Nouveau-Brunswick
en 1993. Le Colonel Gleeson a effectué son stage au cabinet
d’avocats Hanson and Hashey à Fredericton et a été admis au
Barreau du Nouveau-
Brunswick en 1994. Au cours des deux années qui ont suivi, il
a travaillé en tant que juge-avocat adjoint et procureur à
Halifax. En 1996, le
Colonel Gleeson a obtenu le grade de major et il a été
transféré à Ottawa. Cela lui a permis d’acquérir de
l’expérience en droit administratif et
des opérations. Il a également fait partie de l’équipe de
révision de la Loi sur la défense nationale chargée d’élaborer
et de mettre en place
d’importantes modifications à la Loi sur la défense nationale.
En 2000, le Colonel Gleeson a été promu au grade de
lieutenant-colonel et nommé
directeur juridique – Justice militaire, politique et
recherche. Il était également l’adjoint spécial du Juge-avocat
général avant d’être muté à Montréal,
en 2003, afin d’occuper le poste de juge-avocat général
adjoint de la région de l’Est. En 2004, le Colonel Gleeson est
retourné à nouveau aux études
à l’Institut de droit aérien et spatial de l’Université
McGill. Il a terminé sa maîtrise en droit l’année suivante. Il
est revenu à Ottawa en 2005 où il a
alors obtenu le grade de colonel. Depuis, il a occupé divers
postes de direction supérieure au Cabinet du Juge-avocat
général. Il a également travailler
au ministère de la Justice durant 18 mois afin de coordonner
les aspects juridiques de diverses questions liées à la
sécurité nationale, au nom de
l’assistant du juge-avocat général de la Sécurité publique, de
la Défense et de l’Immigration. Le Colonel Gleeson a
grandement contribué à
l’élaboration de la législation du droit militaire, en plus de
diriger l’établissement de la politique principale, d’informer
sur la rédaction des lois
et des règlements, d’aider les parlementaires dans leur prise
en considération des réformes législatives lors de divers
forums de discussion et
d’agir en tant que témoin devant les commissions
parlementaires. En 2012, le colonel Gleeson a été
muté au poste de Juge-avocat général adjoint/
Opérations. À ce titre, le colonel Gleeson est
responsable de l'offre des avis juridiques sur les opérations
aux FAC, aux niveaux tactiques, opérationnels
et stratégiques. L’expérience opérationnelle du Colonel
Gleeson inclut des missions en Haïti et en Europe. Il donnait
des conseils juridiques en appui
aux opérations de combat de l’Aviation royale canadienne au
dessus des Balkans. Il a également été conseiller juridique de
la Force opérationnelle
interarmées 2, l’unité des opérations spéciales et
anti-terroristes des Forces canadienne.
(source: http://www.justice.gc.ca/fra/nouv-news/cp-nr/2013/bio.html,
site visité le 8 mai 2014)
__________ Biographical Notes on -- "Federal Court Judicial
Appointment Announced" / Notes biographiques sur -- "Nomination à
la magistrature de la cour fédérale":
May 29, 2015 – Ottawa, ON – Department of Justice.
The Honourable Peter MacKay, P.C.,
Q.C., M.P. for Central Nova, Minister of Justice and
Attorney General of Canada, today announced the
following appointment:
The Honourable Patrick K. Gleeson, a
recently retired Canadian Forces legal advisor in Ottawa, is
appointed a judge of the Federal Court to
fill a new position created by Bill C-11.
Mr. Justice Gleeson received a Bachelor of Business
Administration degree from the University of Sherbrooke in
1985. He received a Bachelor
of Laws (Distinction) degree from the University of New
Brunswick in 1993 and a Master of Laws (Honours) from the
McGill University
Institute of Air and Space Law in 2005. He was appointed
Queen’s Counsel in 2013.
After being admitted to the Bar of New Brunswick in 1994,
he joined the Office of the Assistant Judge Advocate General
in Halifax as a legal
advisor and worked in different directorates until 2000. He
then became the Director of Legal Services, Office of the
Judge Advocate General,
where from 2005 he served as the Senior Legal Advisor. He is
involved in youth programs in the community such as
scouting, hockey and school
programs.
Le 29 mai 2015 – Ottawa (Ontario) – Ministère de la Justice
Canada
L’honorable Peter MacKay, C.P., c.r., député de
Nova-Centre, ministre de la Justice et procureur général du
Canada, a annoncé aujourd’hui la
nomination suivante :
L’honorable Patrick K. Gleeson, un
conseiller juridique à la retraite depuis peu des Forces
armées canadiennes à Ottawa, est nommé juge de la
Cour fédérale pour combler un nouveau poste créé dans le
cadre du projet de loi C-11.
Monsieur le juge Gleeson a obtenu un baccalauréat en
administration des affaires de l’Université de Sherbrooke en
1985. Il a obtenu un baccalauréat
en droit (avec distinction) de l’Université du
Nouveau-Brunswick en 1993 et une maîtrise en droit (avec
spécialisation) de l’Institut de droit aérien et
spatial de l’Université McGill en 2005. Il a été nommé
conseiller de la reine en 2013.
Après avoir été reçu au Barreau du Nouveau-Brunswick en
1994, il s’est joint au Bureau de l’assistant juge-avocat
général à Halifax à titre de conseiller
juridique et a travaillé dans différentes directions
jusqu’en 2000. Il est ensuite devenu directeur des Services
juridiques, Bureau du juge-avocat général,
et y était le conseiller juridique principal depuis 2005. Il
s’implique dans les programmes communautaires pour les
jeunes, tels que les Scouts, le hockey
et les programmes scolaires.
Mr. Justice Gleeson was born in Saint John, New
Brunswick. He enrolled in the Canadian Forces in 1980.
He was educated at le
Collège Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, the University of
New Brunswick and the McGill Institute of Air and Space
Law. Mr.
Justice Gleeson was called to the New Brunswick Bar in
1994. He served as a legal officer in the Office of the
Judge Advocate
General where he held numerous positions, retiring in
the rank of Colonel.He was appointed to the Order of
Military Merit in
2012 and named Queen’s Counsel in 2013. Appointed
Justice of the Federal Court and ex officio, member of
the Federal Court
of Appeal on May 28, 2015. Appointed as a Judge of the
Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada on June 19, 2015.
Address:
Federal Court, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H9.
[source: available at
http://cas-cdc-www02.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/fc_cf_en/Bio/Gleeson,
accessed 18 March 2018]
Image
source:
http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/article-template-standard.page?doc=legal-officer-receives-rare-honour/htqxhuxo,
accessed 12 October 2015
"From left to right: The Minister of National Defence, Rob
Nicholson, Colonel Pat Gleeson, and the Minister of Justice, Peter
MacKay, at the Queen’s Counsel appointment ceremony. PHOTO:
Department of Justice"
___________"Military lawyer honoured among federal Queen's
Counsel recipients who have demonstrated exemplary service",
Government of canada, News Release, Date modified:
___________on his important judgment in Sections 12 and 21 of the Canadian
Security Intelligence Service Act, RSC 1985, c C-23 (Re),
2020 FC 616 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/j8mjx>:
Ottawa,
July 17, 2020 — The Federal Court
released a decision on CSIS warrant
application
proceedings and recommended that an independent review
be conducted into a number of systemic
issues. In response, the Minister of Public Safety and
Emergency Preparedness and the Minister of
Justice and Attorney General of Canada have referred
the matter to the National Security and
Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA). The Ministers
requested that NSIRA regularly
report on
its progress to the National Security and Intelligence
Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP).
The Chair of NSICOP,
the Hon. David McGuinty, issued the following
statement:
“The Committee has taken note of the very troubling
issues raised in the decision by the Federal
Court. The Committee agrees that NSIRA, as the successor to the
Security Intelligence Review
Committee (SIRC), with its broad mandate and
authorities is well-positioned to examine these
important matters”. Mr. McGuinty added that “our
Committee looks forward to hearing from
NSIRA with respect to the terms of
reference of its review, and regularly thereafter as
its work
progresses”.
The NSICOP and the
National Security and Intelligence Review Agency
(NSIRA) must take all
reasonable steps to cooperate with each other to avoid
any unnecessary duplication of work in the
fulfillment of their respective mandates. The two
review bodies may also share information withà
each other, in conformity with their respective right
of access to information.
NSICOP members
hold the highest level of security clearance, are
bound by the Security
of Information Act and meet in private.
- see article by Jim Bronskill, "Judge calls for review after
CSIS fails to flag info likely obtained illegally", The
Canadian Press, 16 July 2020,
available at https://www.680news.com/2020/07/16/csis-review/,
accessed 3 August 2020;
On 16 July the Federal Court released a long
rumoured decision on CSIS operations. While many of the
legal issues raised in the case have been resolved as a
result of Bill C-59, the decision noted a number of
other issues that raise questions about relations between
the Service, the Federal Court and the Department
of Justice. The Intrepid Gang discuss what happened and why,
why CSIS officers need some kind of
immunity (and bemoan that it took so long to get it), the
duty of candor and some of our early big picture
take-aways. This is a topic to which we will certainly
return to in the future.
Please note, on the same day it was announced that
in response to the decision, the Justice and Public
Safety Ministers asked NSIRA to conduct a review of both
Justice Canada and CSIS Canada to be
conducted by former Supreme Court Justice Marie Deschamps
and Professor Craig Forcese. Although
a founding member of Intrepid, Craig Forcese has entirely
recused himself from any commentary,
discussion, or observations in relation to this issue at
this time and was in no way involved in the
production of this podcast. (Blame all mistakes on
Stephanie)
- article by Jim Bronskill, "Excessive secrecy, inadequate
training at CSIS among issues flagged by federal review",
Global News, 13 October 2020; available at , accessed 16
October 2020;
__________"Perspectives on Space Operations" (2007) 5(2)Astropolitics 145-172; title
noted in my research but article not consulted (3 July 2016);
__________Photo (detail) of
The Honourable Patrick K. Gleeson with others:
On November 22, 2017, students
attended a Court hearing before Justice Patrick
Gleeson
held at the University of Calgary’s Law Faculty,
followed by a question & answer session.
___________Testimony of Colonel P.K. Gleeson, Deputy Judge
Advocate General/Operations (DJAG/OPS), Office of the Judge
Advocate General before the Standing Senate Committee on Foreign
Affairs and International Trade, to which was referred Bill S-10,
An Act to implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions, Issue 14
- Evidence - Meeting of October 4, 2012, available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/411%5CAEFA/14EVB-49716-e.HTM
(accessed 14 December 2016); see also https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/Committee/411/AEFA/14mn-49716-e
(accessed 10 March 2019);
Photostill of Colonel Patrick Gleeson testifying before the
Standing
Committee on on 4 October 2012 (at 17:52/1:23:30).
GLOBE AND MAIL, THE, "Ask Hellyer to probe report of 1945 trial,
killing of 2 Germans", The
Globe and Mail (1936-Current), ISSN
0319-0714, 10/06/1966, p. 1; note: "By Special to the Globe and
Mail;
OTTAWA--Defense Minister Paul Hellyer has been
urged to investigate allegations in the German magazine Der
Spiegel
that a Canadian general and other Canadian... (source:
http://queensu.summon.serialssolutions.com/search?s.cmd=nextPage%28%29&s.
light=t&s.pn=5&s.q=%22canadian+military+law%22,
accessed 15 October 2015)
___________"Murder, Assault Charges Face 3 Korea PPCLI", The Globe and Mail
(1936-Current), 08/03/1951, p. 3;
Ottawa, Aug. 2 (CP).-- Three Canadian soldiers
face murder and assault charges arising from the death of a
Korean man,
the army announced today. The assault... (source:
http://queensu.summon.serialssolutions.com/search?s.cmd=nextPage%28%29&s.
light=t&s.pn=5&s.q=%22canadian+military+law%22,
accessed 15 October 2015)
GLOBE EDITORIAL, "Globe
editorial: Military suicides: Time to help the soldiers who helped
us", The Globe and Mail, 23 November 2016, available
at (accessed 25 November 2016);
"L’adjudant André Gagnon et l’avocat de la défense, major
Philippe-Luc Boutin. (Nicolas Laffont/45eNord.ca)"
----
"Même atteint de SSPT, l’adjudant Howard Richmond est
déclaré
Joseph Addeman, avocat de la défense (source: globalnews.ca/
coupable du meurtre «prémédité» de sa femme, poignardée à mort
en
video/1748544/ottawas-gang-war-getting-more-violent-still-escalating-says-lawyer
juillet 2013. (photo tirée de
Facebook)"
(accessed 9 August 2017).
Même s’il souffre du syndrome de stress
post-traumatique, l’adjudant Howard Richmond a été déclaré
coupable de meurtre
prémédité de sa conjointe cet après-midi au terme d’un
procès devant juge et jury en Cour supérieure de l’Ontario à
Ottawa
après neuf jours de délibérations.
[...]
Bien qu’il ait admis qu’il avait tué sa femme dès le début
de son procès, il avait plaidé non coupable, son avocat Me
Joe
Adelman [sic--Joseph Addelman], mettant son geste sur le
compte de son état de stress post-traumatique. L’avocat de
la défense soutenait que
l’accusé ne pouvait avoir l’intention de tuer sa femme,
puisqu’il avait perdu le sens de la réalité la nuit des
événement.
On remarquera le JAG, Blaise Cathcart, rangée de gauche, 1er au
fond.
"Le colonel Gibson, qui vient d'être nommé juge militaire, en
compagnie d'avocat de
plusieurs autre pays, alors qu'il était déployé au Congo
comme Juge avocat général (E-Veritas)"
Sa Majesté la reine Élisabeth II a «gentiment»
accepté de devenir le premier colonel en chef de la
Branche des services juridiques des Forces canadiennes,
annonce aujourd’hui un communiqué de la Défense nationale
à Ottawa.
Cette nomination, annoncée le lendemain du 60e anniversaire
du couronnement de Sa Majesté à l’abbaye de Westminster
constitue, dit le ministère canadien de la Défense « une
illustration hautement symbolique du serment qu’a prêté la
reine lors de son couronnement. Elle y promettait notamment
d’user de ses pouvoirs avec clémence pour établir le droit
et la justice dans tous ses jugements tout au long de son
règne.»
Jacques N. Godbout,
source de l'image:
https://www.45enord.ca/2015/11/traitements-de-detenus-afghans-par-la-police-militaire-declenchement-dune-enquete-dinteret-public/,
visité le 11 novembre 2015
___________"Traitements de détenus adghans par la police
militaire: déclenchement d'une enquête d'intérêt public", 45e
Nord.CA, 5 novembre 2015, disponible à http://www.45enord.ca/2015/11/traitements-de-detenus-afghans-par-la-police-militaire-declenchement-dune-enquete-dinteret-public/
(vérifié le 11 novembre2014);
Source
de l'image: https://twitter.com/godbouma (vérifié 17 juin 2016)
Marc Godbout
GODBOUT, Marc, "Politique--Détenus afghans : des membres de
la Police militaire accusent leurs dirigeants
d'entraver l'enquête",
GODEFROY, Andrew B., 1972-, For Freedom and Honour? The
Story of the 25 Canadian Volunteers Executed in the First World
War, Nepean (Ontario): CEF Books, 1998, x, 95 p., ISBN:
189697922X;
Image
source: imjm.ca/location/1772, accessed 8
April 2018
Samuel Godinsky
GODINSKY, Samuel, former member of the OJAG, obituary, The
Gazette, Montreal, 18 October 2007, p. B7;
Godinsky, Samuel OBITUARY SAMUEL GODINSKY Died peacefully
at home on October 15, 2007 at the age of one hundred and
one, after a
wonderful and full life. Beloved husband of the late Vera
Raphael Godinsky, cherished father of John, Paul and
Jeffrey Godine, and cherished
father-in-law of Frances and Sarala, loved grandfather of
Joshua and Laura, Shannon and Dustin, devoted brother of
(all late) Kate Colle,
Isadore Godine and Pearl Eidinger. He served as an Acting
JudgeAdvocateGeneral in the RCAF during WWII.
He then returned to his law
practice, becoming one of the first and most respected
experts in intellectual property law in Montreal. He
served the YMHA, including as
President. He helped to negotiate an end to the policy of
religion-based restriction on membership of the Protestant
School Board of Greater
Montreal, and then became one of the Board's first five
Jewish members. Celebration of his life at the Mount Royal
Funeral Complex, on
1297 Chemin de la Foret, in Outremont, on Wednesday,
October 17 at 2 p.m. The family will be at his home from 7
to 9 p.m. on Wednesday,
October 17 and Thursday, October 18. In lieu of flowers,
the family would prefer that contributions in his memory
be sent to McGill
University's Faculty of Law, at McGill University, 1430
Peel St., Montreal, QC, H3A 3T3. logo Published in the
Montreal Gazette from
10/17/2007 - 10/18/ 2007. Notice - Guest Book
Image
source: mpcc-cppm.gc.ca/info/pubs/annRpt/2016annRpt-eng.aspx?=undefined&wbdisable=true#H_17,
accessed 8 July 2017
"From left to right – David Goetz (Senior Counsel), Julianne
Dunbar (General
Counsel), Hilary McCormack (Chairperson), BGen Robert Delaney (CFPM),
LCol Brian Frei (Deputy
Commander) and Cdr Peter Killaby (CFPM Legal
Advisor)"
GOETZ, David, "Bill C-25: An Act to Amend the National Defence
Act", Ottawa: Library of Parliament, Parliamentary Research
Branch, Law and Government Division, 18 February 1998 and revised
on 25 November 1998 (series; Legislative Summary; LS- 311E), 47
p., available at http://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/LS/361/c25-e.htm
(accessed
on 17 July 2008); FRANÇAIS :
GOETZ, David, "Projet de loi C-25: Loi modifiant la loi sur la
défense nationale", [Ottawa]: Bibliothèque du Parlement, Direction
de la recherche parlementaire, Division du droit et du
gouvernement, 18 février 1998 et révisé le le 25 novembre 1998, 49
p. (Series; Résumé législatif; LS-311F); disponible à http://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/LS/361/c25-f.htm
(vérifié le 17 juillet 2008);
The global trend towards civilianization of military justice
systems has had its own unique impact on Singapore’s
brand of military justice, in particular its mode of trial
by General Court-Martial. This paper explores the
development of Singapore’s military justice system since
Singapore’s independence, comparing it to
developments in the United Kingdom and Canada, two countries
that have also civilianized their military
justice systems with input from their civil courts, and in
the case of the uk,
the European Court of Human
Rights. These jurisdictions provide a useful comparison on
the progress of Singapore’s civilianization reform
given both their shared origin of military justice in the
English court-martial system and the focus of all three
jurisdictions on better protecting the rights of accused
servicemen.
Marc Gold, image source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
GOLD, Marc, "Comments on Legislation and Judicial Decisions --
Canadian Bill of Rights -- Fair Hearing -- Equality before the Law
-- National Defence Act -- Court- Martial Jurisdiction" (1982) 60
Canadian Bar Review 137-151; note: deals with the Supreme
Court of Canada decision of MacKay v. The Queen,
(1981) 114 D.L.R. (3d) 393, [1980] 2 S.C.R. 370; available
at https://cbaapps.org/cba_barreview/Search.aspx?VolDate=06%2f01%2f2017
(accessed 6 December 2017);
___________Senator Marc Gold was the sponsor in the Senate of Bill
C-77, An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make
related and consequential amendments to other Acts; on the
beginning of third reading on 3 June 2019, he made an important
statement on that Bill, see: https://sencanada.ca/en/content/sen/chamber/421/debates/295db_2019-06-03-e?language=e#38,
accessed 12 June 2019;
GOLDEN, David A., see his photo in The Winnipeg Tribune, 5
March 1946 at p. 5, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 25 June 2020;
D.A. Golden
"...counsel who will participate in the Winnipeg
court martial trials of two soldiers, involving
incidents which are alleged to have occurred in
a prisoner-of-war camp in Japan.. D.A. Golden,
barrister, who served as a captain with the
Winnipeg Grenadiers, has accepted a brief to
defend his fellow Grenadier, Company Sergeant-
Major Marcus Charles Tugby.
Canada (Dr Irina
Goldenberg & Dr Angela Febbraro, Defence Research and
Development Canada)
The relationship between the Department of
National Defence (DND) and the Canadian Forces (CF) is
defined by the National
Defence Act (NDA). The Minister of National Defence is
responsible for administering the NDA, both for the DND and
CF.
However, by law, the DND and CF are separate entities,
headed respectively by the Deputy Minister (DM) and the
Chief of
Defence Staff (CDS), who are both responsible to the
Minister but have different (yet complementary) roles: the
DM is
responsible for policy, resources, interdepartmental
coordination and international defence relations, while the
CDS is
responsible for command, control and administration of the
CF, military strategy, plans and requirements.
In terms of demographics, Canada’s defence
organisation has 67,000 regular military personnel (or 52%
of the total personnel),
31,000 reservists and 29,000 civilian employees (or 23% of
the total). Over the last 10 years, the latter number grew
by 38%,
while the number of military personnel increased by 11%.
These increases in numbers were largely a result of the
campaign
in Afghanistan and its operational requirements. The mean
years of service are comparable between the military (11.5
years:
13.2 years for officers and 10.9 for NCOs) and civilian
(10.2) personnel, which refutes the perception that
civilians are less
committed to working in defence organisations. Cutbacks in
the mid-1990s, both of civilians and the military, resulted
in a
dip of experience that is difficult to compensate.
Currently, the number of civilians is being cut, while the
number of military
personnel remains stable (although the number is not growing
either).
The civilian workforce is composed of
public servants (who may move between government
departments; have job security
– 91% of defence organisation’s civilians), term employees
(those who are filling in for absentees), casuals (who spend
a third
of a year in public service duties) and students (future
potential recruits for DND). In terms of employment
categories, there
are operational (31% of DND civilians); administrative and
foreign service (29%); administrative support; scientific
and
professional; management (1%, as many such positions are
filled in by the military); and other.
Civilians are represented, in different
proportions, in all capability components: 20% are in the
maritime forces, 20% in
personnel services, 19% are in land forces, 11% are in
material services, 8% in air forces, 6% in information
services and
6% in science and technology. The land component is the
largest (37% of military personnel), as it is closest to the
on-going
operations; a further 20% are in the air forces, 19% in
maritime forces and 15% in personnel services. The civilian
workforce
is older (the average age is 46.2), compared with military
(34.9), and has a higher proportion of female employees
(40.9%,
compared to 13.8% in military), but its attrition rate is
comparable with the military’s (indeterminate civilians –
5.5%; regular
force military – 6.1%), thus again highlighting the earlier
point that civilians are not less committed than military
personnel.
The number of individuals eligible to retire from the DND
civilian and Regular Force populations is steadily
increasing.
With regard to policies and practices, the
current starting point is the Canada First Defence Strategy,
which sends a message
that personnel within the defence organisation constitute
one team (the Defence Team). It is supported by 6
principles, identified
by the CDS, which will guide the reshaping and renewal of
the CF: CF identity; Command-centric imperative;
Authorities,
responsibilities and accountabilities; Operational focus;
Mission command; and An integrated Regular, Reserve and
Civilian
CF. The latter is particularly important in terms of
civil-military collaboration, since it envisages a more
integrated effort
where CF structures are closely interconnected and
interdependent to ensure the best utilization of appropriate
skills and
experiences at every level.
The Public Service Employment Act and the
Public Service Labour Relations Act regulate government
behaviour and principles
in recruitment. The Treasury Board of Canada is the employer
of the public service, and is generally responsible for
accountability
and ethics, and financial, personnel and administrative
management. Public service employees belong to various
“occupational
groups”, each of which is governed by a collective agreement
between one of several unions and Treasury Board.
The Code of Service Discipline (part of
the NDA) is the basis for the CF military justice system and
is designed to assist military
authority to maintain discipline, efficiency and morale in
the CF. It thus prescribes more severe punishments than
those applied to
civilians for the same offenses under the civilian justice
system. The Code sets out who is subject to the military
justice system;
establishes service offences for which a person can be
charged; establishes service tribunals and their
jurisdiction as well as the
processes of review and appeal.
Several Defence Administrative Orders and
Directives apply to those who manage DND employees, setting
out requirements and
principles for civilian HR governance and management
(including governance structure, functional direction,
coordination and
communication mechanisms as well as a performance management
framework). There is a variety of committees to deal with
civilian human resources, the highest being the Defence
Management Committee, which provides the DM/CDS with
decision
support and advice with respect to issues of strategic
importance (including human resources). The Civilian Human
Resource
Committee focuses specifically on strategic civilian HR
management issues, while the Strategic Human Resource
Management
Council, which includes civilian and military chiefs of
human resources, works to coordinate DND and CF human
resources
policies and resolve various issues. The Defence Team
concept, along with other tools, is employed to increase
contact between
civilians and military, minimize stereotypes and harmonize
culture across the defence organisation.
High emphasis is placed on values and
goals of DND and CF personnel. The military is guided by the
publication “Duty with
Honour,” a doctrinal document which defines values (duty,
loyalty, integrity, courage) and attributes (responsibility,
expertise,
identity) of military personnel. The Public Service Code of
Ethics applies to civilians, espousing democratic,
professional,
ethical and people values that should guide civil servants.
There are similarities between these two codes, such as
ethical
behaviour, loyalty, and rule of law, but also differences
(e.g., unlimited liability and courage apply to the
military).
GOLDIE, Janis L., Morals,
process and political scandals: the discursive role of the Royal
Commission in the Somalia Affair in Canada, Thesis
(Ph.D.)--University of Calgary, Graduate Program in Communication
Studies, 2009, xi, 354 leaves; copy at the University of Calgary;
This study was an effort to describe and understand the communication function of the Royal Commission of Inquiry in the Somalia Affair in Canada. A major political scandal in Canada, the Somalia Affair was initially marked by the torture and death of a Somalia man at the hands of a Canadian soldier while on a peace enforcement mission in Somalia in 1993 and resulted in a great deal of media attention as well as the general public reproach of Canadians. After first providing an overview of Royal Commissions of Inquiry, as well as the historical and social context of the Somalia Affair within Canada, this dissertation argues that this political scandal shook the nation, in part, because it marked a moment of moral dissonance in Canada. That is, the Somalia Affair presented serious incongruities between commonly espoused Canadian values--such as peacekeeping, multiculturalism and transparency/accountability--and the actions that the Canadian soldiers undertook in Somalia. I connect the issue of moral dissonance to the commission in an attempt to answer ' why' the commission was used in response to the moral dissonance caused by the Somalia Affair. Utilizing an in-depth case study approach to the Somalia Affair, I undertake discourse analysis on the approximately 50,000 pages of primary documentary sources from the commission as well as on the media coverage of the affair. Ultimately, I find that the commission is an appropriate space to deal with the moral dissonance that the Somalia Affair posed for two main reasons. Firstly, because it offers a space to debate, define and potentially reassert the morals that were originally transgressed. Secondly, the commission's reliance on process and procedure works to institutionalize, rationalize and legitimize those morals that were transgressed as well as display that the political system itself operates effectively. In all, I argue that it is these two communication features of the commission--as a space for moral discourse to occur within a heavily formal and procedural process--that make the commission an appropriate discursive place to respond to the moral dissonance that occurs in a political scandal like the Somalia Affair. [Source http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp?sessionKey=1475690100002 _142_78_200_14&l=0&v=1&lvl=1&rt=1&itm=38060224&rsn=S_WWWdfatlnVYK&all=1&dt=%22Goldie,+Janis+L.+(Janis+Leanne),+1977-%22&spi=-], accessed 5 October 2016]
___________"PhD Abstracts -- Morals, process and political
scandals: the discursive role of the Royal Commission in the
Somalia Affair in Canada", (2010) 17(1) The International Journal of Speech Language and the
Law 157-160; available at http://www.equinoxpub.com/IJSLL/article/view/7620/6453
(accessed
on 25 November 2012);
--------
Price Montague. Source: Manitoba
Court Dr. L. Gordon
Goldsborough
of Appeal, judge gallery,
2014.
source: https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~ggoldsb/
GOLDSBOROUGH, Gordon, "Memorable Manitobans: John Percival
'Price' Montague (1882-1966)", Manitoba Historical Society,
available at http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/montague_jp.shtml
(accessed 18 October 2017);
Lawyer, judge, soldier.
Born in Dunville, Ontario, son of W.
H. Montague and Angeline Furry, he was educated at
Upper Canada College, graduated from Osgoode Hall in 1905
and received a military commission the same year. He was
called to the Ontario and Manitoba Bars in 1907, and made
a King’s
Counsel in 1928. He joined
the firm of Pitblado
and Hoskin
in 1913 and remained with it for 19 years, taking a leave
of absence during the First World War. In 1932, he was
appointed
to the Manitoba Court
of King’s Bench. On the outbreak of the Second World
War, he was posted to Canadian Military Headquarters in
London serving first
as Quartermaster-General then as Judge Advocate-General
for the Canadian forces. He later succeeded to the
appointment of Chief of Staff and attained the
rank of Lieutenant-General, the highest ranking Manitoba
serviceman in the Second World War.
He returned to the Manitoba Bench in 1945 and was raised
to the Court of Appeal in 1951, from which he retired in
1959. He died at the Deer
Lodge Military Hospital on 11 June 1966, and was
buried with full military honours.
image
source: Google
Image, accessed on 10 May 2014
GOLDSTEIN, Elliott, "Videotape Evidence in Canadian Military
Courts" (1987) 2 Canadian Forces Judge Advocate General
Journal 59-74; available at http://videoevidence.ca/pdfs/0721172706.pdf
(accessed 28 January 2018); FRANÇAIS :
"La preuve par bande magnétoscopique et les tribunaux militaires
du Canada" (1987) 2 Revue du JAG des Forces canadiennes
63-80;
GONSALVES, Florence, Lieutenant (N), lawyer, member of the law
Society of Ontario (since 2015), member of the OJAG, regualr
force, (information as of 28 May 2019);
Office of the JAG@JAGCAF[28 May 2019] Legal Officers
LCdr Pagé, Capt Klassen, Lt Feltham, Capt Pham, and Lt(N) Gonsalves
are at @uOttawa
this week learning from Canadian and International
experts about International Humanitarian Law through
realistic case studies. #IHL
GOODFELLOW, Captain(N) the Honourable Mr. Justice Walter
Robert Evans, member of the OAJG, Reserve force, Recipient of the
Meritorious Service Medal (Military Division):
[Recipient of the Meritorious Service Medal (Military
Division)]
Captain(N) Goodfellow’s outstanding leadership as Chair of
the Military Judges Selection Committee
has made a significant contribution to the enhancement of
the military judiciary’s independence. A
founding member of the Committee, Captain(N) Goodfellow
organized and led, in 2000, the
development of an unprecedented system of assessment for
military judge
candidates, one that
balances the best practices of federal judicial
appointments with the unique demands of the Canadian
Armed Forces. His exemplary professionalism and untiring
dedication have strengthened the Canadian
Armed Forces and the military justice system as a national
institution.
[Image source: forces.gc.ca/assets/FORCES_Internet/docs/en/honours-history-medals-chart/meritorious-service-medal.pdf,
at p. 91]
____________on GOODFELLOW, Captain (N) Walter, see McDONALD,
R. Arthur, (Ronald Arthur), 1948-, Canada's Military Lawyers,
Ottawa : Office of the Judge Advocate General, c2002, at pp. 114,
115, 135, 210 and 213, available at 103-242;
____________on GOODFELLOW, Walter, death notice "Capt. (N)
Honourable Walter R. E. M.S.M., C.D. III, Q.C. GOODFELLOW —
Halifax", died on 5 May 2022, available at https://www.saltwire.com/halifax/obituaries/memorial-services/
(accessed on 16 September 2022);
Capt. (N) Honourable Walter R. E. M.S.M., C.D. III,
Q.C. GOODFELLOW — Halifax
Published: May 12, 2022
Our beloved Walter passed away on May 5, 2022 at the age
of 87 while on one last trip to Las Vegas.
He is survived by his wife of 54 years, Sandra;
children, Alan, Steven (Kimberlea), Heather (Jeffrey),
Geoffrey (Danielle); grandchildren Zoey, Ivy, Lily and
Brennan; sister, Jackie McCaig; sister-in-law,
Ann; brother-in-law, John Burt; and many nieces and
nephews.
Walter led a life of remarkable devotion to family,
justice and service to his country. He first joined
the Royal Canadian Navy at 17 serving on the HMCS
Carleton, HMCS Crescent and HMCS Scotian.
Later promoted to Commander, Walter transferred to the
Jag branch and went on to serve as a military
justice presiding over court martials across the country
and overseas at former C.F.B Lahr in West Germany.
Promoted to Captain (N), Walter was named the Senior
Reserve Legal Advisor in Canada, Colonel
Commandant of the Jag branch and served in various roles
that took him everywhere from Bosnia to Kula
Lumpur to Melbourne before finally retiring after a half
century in uniform. It was while serving in the
reserves that Walter also chased his passion for the
law.
First admitted to the bar in 1960, he became a
senior partner with Cox, Downie & Goodfellow where
he significantly impacted the application of family law
in Nova Scotia - the legacy of which endures today.
Walter also served as President of the Nova Scotia
Barrister Society and played a key role in reforming the
Queen’s Council appointment process to a merit based
one. He also taught law at Dalhousie University,
contributed to legal publications and presided at the
National Law School Gale Cup Moot Competition at
Osgoode Hall for 25 years. His legal career culminated
with being appointed to the Supreme Court of Nova
Scotia, where he continued to leave an indelible mark on
our justice system.
Even after retirement from the bench he was asked to
return to service to oversee the Settlement and
Resolution of abuse claims against the Roman Catholic
Diocese of Antigonish, a task for which he refused
to accept pay. Walter’s extraordinary life also saw him
lead the Young Progressive Conservatives of Canada
in his younger years and become a close confident of the
honourable John Diefenbaker before leaving politics
to focus on his family, service and legal career.
At various times in his life Walter served as the
Director of the John Howard Society, Chair of The
Canadian
Paraplegic Association and too many other roles to
mention. He held Honorary Life Memberships to the
Canadian Bar, the Royal United Services Institute,
Wardroom HMCS Scotian, Canadian Paraplegic Association
of Nova Scotia and the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust
(HMCS Sackville).
He was also the recipient of several distinguished
honours, including the Meritorious Service Medal, Canada
125 Medal, Queens Jubilee Medal and the Canadian Forces
Medal III Clasps to name but a few. What he
accomplished was made all the more remarkable by his
humblest of beginnings in life.
Despite all his achievements, Walter’s true joy was
found working in the woods at the family cottage at
Piggott
Lake, next to his faithful four-legged best friend
"Vegas" and with his family nearby enjoying the paradise
he
had created with his own hands. But even that serenity
couldn’t bring respite from his all-consuming devotion
and concern for his family’s wellbeing. He was a man who
went to extraordinary lengths to give his family
the most incredible opportunities at life. Outside of
the very special and intimate relationship Dad shared
with
Mom, he was the kind of man who preferred to express his
affections through actions. But anyone that knew
Dad, knew the enormity of his heart. Whether it was
sacrificing time he didn’t have or getting out of bed at
4 a.m. on the coldest nights in January to spray the
backyard ice rink for his kids – he did these things,
and
countless others, without ever looking for a thank you.
They weren’t simple gestures, favours or acts of
kindness.
They were just some of the ways he said "I love you" a
million times over.
On behalf of all who knew him, and especially on behalf
of our family, "we love you too" Dad. Rest in Peace.
As per his wishes, there will be no funeral service. A
celebration of life will be held at a later date.
Donations
can be made to the Canadian Paraplegic Association (Nova
Scotia) or a charity of choice. Anyone wishing to
express their condolences, or to share their thoughts or
memories of Walter with the family can do so in a manner
of their choosing or by emailing: rememberwaltergoodfellow@gmail.com
GOODMAN, J., Lieutenant, "Acts as Prosecutor", The Ottawa
Citizen, Wednesday, 26 July 1944 at p. 3, available at
https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 24 June 2020;
GOODMAN, Len and Donna Wood, "Toward the Development of a
Canadian Less Lethal Weapon Approval Process:A Study of
Contemporary Process Models, Defence R&D Canada – CSS,
Technical Memorandum, DRDC CSS TM 2011-17, October 2011; available
at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA553160
(accessed 2 October 2016);
GOODYEAR, Lisa L. (Lisa Laure), 1970-, In the name of justice or finding a
place : Canadian war crimes prosecutions at the end of the
Second World War, Thesis (M.A.)--Royal Military College
of Canada, 2002; thesis adviser: Serge Durflinger;
image
source: ca.linkedin.com/in/kerithgordon, accessed 22 February 2018
GORDON, Kerith (Kerith Margaret Garrett) , member of the law
Society of Ontario, captain, legal officer with the OJAG, regular
force (research done 22 February 2018);
___________on GORDON, Kerith, captain, acted with Major F.D.
Ferguson as defence counsel, Defence Counsel Services, for
Lieutenant-Colonel B.C. Mosher in Mosher B.C.
(Lieutenant-Colonel), R. v., 2019 CM 4014 (CanLII), <http://canlii.ca/t/j2b3r>,
accessed 11 September 2019;
___________on GORDON, Kerith from the JAG Twitter account,
Office of the JAG@JAGCAF, 26
November 2019, accessed 27 November 2019;
x
Image
source; https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-gosselin-54236bb8,
accessed 19 April 2016
Daniel Gosselin
GOSSELIN, Daniel, "Book Review: Forced to Change: Crisis and
Reform in the Canadian Armed Forces by Bernd Horn and
Bill Bentley Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2015, 168 pages, $19.99
(PB), ISBN 978-1-45972-784-7", (2016) Canadian Military
Journal, available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol16/no2/page82-eng.asp
(accessed 19 April 2016);
This book tells the story of the reforms in the Canadian
Armed Forces (CAF) and the profession of arms in the
late-1990s and early-2000s
that were triggered by the events centred upon the
deployment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment to Somalia as
part of a United Nations
peacekeeping mission in 1992-1993, in particular the
torture and killing of a Somali teenager in March 1993.
The events in Somalia and
the subsequent response of the senior leadership of the
CAF and the Department of National Defence contributed to
generate a serious
crisis of civil-military relations in Canada and a loss of
confidence by the government in the CAF, in particular,
its officer corps.
___________"The Loss of Mission Command For Canadian Expeditionary
Operations: A Casualty of Modern Conflict?", in Allan English,
ed., The Operational Art : Canadian perspectives :
context and concepts, [Winnipeg] : Canadian Defence Academy
Press, c2005, xi, 380 p. : ill. ; 23 cm., chapter 9 at pp.
193-228, ISBN: 0662409973; 9780662409977; 0-662-43220-7
; 0-662-43272-X; available
at http://madgic.library.carleton.ca/deposit/govt/ca_fed/DND_operationalartleader_2006.pdf
(accessed 28 October 2020)
[Excerpt from pages 219-220]
GOSSELIN, Jean-Fançois, avocat, membre du Cabinet du Juge-avocat
général, capitaine, force de la réserve; he attended the 2019
mandatory legal officer qualification course at Canadian Forces
Military Law Centre, CFB Kingston, see Access to Information Act,
DND Acess to Information and Privacy letter dated 12 June 2019,
File A-2019-00289; dans le civil, Me Gosselin fait partie de
l'étude de droit: Duchaine Gosselin s.a.
(renseignements en date du 28 Oct 2020); membre
du Barreau du Québec (2006); LL.M., Université de Sherbrooke,
2009-2010;
GOSSELIN, Louis, avocat membre du JAG, voir la note "Pas de
politique" provenant du journal montréalais Le devoir,
lundi, 21 octobre 1918, à la p. 1 disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800148
(consulté le 23 juillet 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________on Gosselin, Louis and his participation as the
Judge-advocate in the court martial of Private Adrien Rousse, see
"Une cause intéressante: un soldat, traduit en cour martiale, est
inculpé de s'etre fait inoculer le virus d'une maladie pour
échapper à la loi --plusieurs témoins [...]", Le devoir,
Montréal, mardi, 11 février 1919 à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800244
(consulté le 14 mars 2019); le capitaine Alban Germain et le
lieutenant Maurice Lalonde représentent le ministère de la milice;
Me Léonce Plante, ancien lieutenant, défend le soldat Rousse;
___________sur Gosselin, Louis et sa participation comme
juge-avocat dans la cour martiale du sergent George A. Roberts,
voir "Une grave accusation: le sergent Roberts de la police
militaire est inculpé d'avoir reçu de l'argent pour des exemptions
et subit son procès en cour martiale", Le devoir,
Montréal, mercredi, 11 décembre 1918, à la p. 3; le capitaine
Alban Germain pour la poursuite et le lieutenant-Colonel John
Jennings Creelman, 1881-, pour la défense du sergent
Roberts; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800192
(vérifié le 14 mars 2019);
___________sur Gosselin, Louis et sa participation comme
juge-avocat dans la cour martiale du soldat Guénette, voir
"Guenette est acquitté. La cour martiale prononce un verdict
dans ce sens --L'inculpé est immédiatement libéré [...]", Le
devoir, Montréal, 20 décembre 1918 à la p. 3, disponible
à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800200
(consulté le 14 mars 2019); le lieutenant Lalonde représente
le ministère de la milice et le lieutenant Plante, la défense;
___________sur GOSSELIN, Louis, voir
Jean-Jacques Lefebvre et al., Biographie sur Louis Gosselin,
(1955) Revue du Barreau 197-198;****
___________sur Gosselin, Louis, voir
"Nouvelle nomination", Le devoir, Montréal, 12 octobre
1918 à la p. 3; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2800141
(consulté le 14 mars 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
____________sur Gosselin, Louis, voir
Rex v. Bissonnette, 1919 CanLII 578 (QC CA), https://www.canlii.org/en/qc/qcca/doc/1919/1919canlii578/1919canlii578.html,
retrieved on 2019-06-05; in that case "Capt. Louis Gosselin,
K.C., Assistant Judge Advocate General,
M.D. 4, attorney for the complainant, the Assistant
Provost Marshal of Military District No. 4."
___________on GOUGH, Michael, Captain, member of the OJAG,
following the Legal Officer Qualification Course that started in
April 2019 at Canadian Forces Military Law Centre, Canadian Forces
Base Kingston;
Captains
Greg Plester, Mike Gough and Pat Cashin from our AJAG
Western
team have finished their first week on the Legal
Officer Qualification Course.
46 new @CanadianForces
Legal Officers from across Canada are at CFB
Kingston for the month-long mandatory training."
GOUIN, Suzanne (M.M.S.), member of the OJAG as a major in the
eighties;
___________on GOUIN, M.S., Major, was the prosecutor in R. v.
Bost, 1987 CM 47, Special General Court Martial,
Lahr, Federal Republic of Germany, 26 June 1989, source of
information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p.
APP2: 1987-28;
___________on GOUIN, M.S., was a captain with the OJAG in 1985
(source: Canadian Forces Officer's List
(Regular) (Bilingual), A-AD-224-001/AF-001,
1985-11-20, obtained from DND, Access to
Information and Privacy, file A-2019-00318, 13
February 2020);
___________on GOUIN, M.M.S., Major, was the prosecutor in
R. v. Fennel, 1983 CM 34, Standing Court
Martial, Shilo, Manitoba, source of information: MADSEN,
C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3, at p. APP2: 1983-14;
"Through her bequest, Mrs. Suzanne Gouin-Boudreau wishes
to inspire future students to take the path of classics studies
and
develop an historical perspective to better understand the
present."
___________on GOUIN,
Suzanne, see "Defy the Conventional : the Campaign for uOttawa:
Pricelees knowledge", undated, available at https://www.uottawa.ca/why-give/suzanne-boudreau(accessed
21 August 2019);
When she returned to school at age
43 to do a bachelor’s at the University of Ottawa in
medieval studies,
retired major Suzanne Gouin-Boudreau (BA ’01) had a couple
of revelations: that studying the past can
shed light on the present and that it’s easier to
concentrate on your studies when you don’t have to work
… or even handle day to day matters!
“My husband took care of everything,” says
Gouin-Boudreau, a former lawyer,
as the husband in question, retired colonel Joseph André
Boudreau, looks on
affectionately. “It helped me succeed. At the same time,
I saw youth with outstanding
talent who didn’t have the money or support they needed.
They ended up packing it in,
which I found really unfortunate.”
___________on GOUIN, Suzanne, see also, this bibliography, under
BOUDREAU,
Suzanne;
GOULET, L.P.S. (Patrick), Major, membre du Barreau du Québec
depuis 2006; travaille à la Base de soutien de la 2e
Division du Canada, Édifice 500, Courcelette
QC G0A 4Z0 (renseignements en date du 31 décembre 2018); works
in Ottawa, Office of the Legal Advisor to DND and the CF, Legal
Advisory Services (information from
https://www.geds-sage.gc.ca/en/..., accessed 16 June 2020);
Lynne Gouliquer, photo source:
http://www2.unb.ca/~carmen/lynne.html (accessed 1 May 2015)
GOULIQUER, Lynne, Soldiering in the Canadian Forces: How and
Why Gender Counts!, Ph.D. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal,
2011, xii, 349 p.; available at http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/QMM/TC-QMM-96779.pdf
(accessed on 1 May 2015); author's site;
Courts-Martial
of
the First World War Introduction
Like their civil counterparts, courts martial were legal bodies
that are convened to determine the guilt or
innocence of accused men and women. A panel of officers sat in
judgement at a court martial, while the
accused was represented by an officer who may have been a
military lawyer. Courts martial had the
authority to try a widerange of military offences, many of which
closely resembled civilian crimes like
fraud, theft or perjury. Others, like desertion and cowardice
were purely military crimes. Punishments for
military offences ranged from fines and imprisonment to
execution. Military offenses were defined in the
British Army Act. These offences, their corresponding
punishments and instructions on how to run a court
martial, were explained in detail in the Manual of Military
Law, which was distributed to Canadian
Expeditionary Force units. (source: http://nlc-bnc.ca/databases/courts-martial/index-e.html,
accessed on 22 December 2011)
Cours
martiales
de la Première Guerre mondiale Introduction
Comme leur contrepartie civile, les cours martiales sont des
organismes juridiques constitués pour déterminer la culpabilité
ou l'innocence des accusés, hommes ou femmes. Un groupe
d'officiers siègent en tant que cour martiale, tandis que l'accusé
est représenté par un officier qui peut être un avocat militaire.
Les cours martiales sont habilitées à juger une large gamme
d'infractions d'ordre militaire, dont bon nombre ressemblent
étroitement aux crimes civils comme la fraude, le vol ou le
parjure. D'autres, comme la désertion et la lâcheté sont des
crimes purement militaires. Les peines applicables aux infractions
d'ordre militaire vont des amendes assorties d'un emprisonnement à
l'exécution. Les infractions d'ordre militaire ont été
définies dans la loi britannique intitulée Army Act. Ces
infractions, les peines qui y correspondent et les instructions
sur
la manière de mener une cour martiale sont expliquées en détails
dans le Manual of Military Law, qui a été distribué au
Corps expéditionnaire canadien. (source:http://nlc-bnc.ca/base-de-donnees/cours-martiales/index-f.html,
vérifié le 22 décembre 2011)
GOUVERNEUR-GÉNÉRAL, Rapport sur l'état de la milice de la province du
Canada: présenté aux deux chambres du parlement par ordre de Son
Excellence le gouverneur-général, 1866, 105 p.; le
gouverneur -général était Charles Stanley Monck; note il y a des
rapports en 1857,
1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 et 1871, recherches en cours (13 février
2015); also published in English, see Report
on the State of the Militia of the Dominion of Canada for the
year 1875;
March 2, 2017 – Ottawa – Canadian Armed
Forces/Department of National Defence
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) have set an important
precedent with the development of a doctrine to
specifically address the unique challenges
faced by military members confronted by child soldiers
while deployed on operations. This Canadian initiative
directly supports the United Nations
Security Council resolution 1261, which urges parties to
armed conflicts to abide by concrete commitments made to
ensure the protection of children
in situations of armed conflict.
The Canadian Armed Forces Joint
Doctrine Note (JDN) 2017-01 Child Soldiers
was developed following discussions with Senator Romeo
Dallaire
on his direct experiences with child soldiers, as well
as those of CAF members who have met challenges when
facing underage combatants. The
doctrine was produced in a condensed timeframe,
reflecting its high priority for the Chief of the
Defence Staff, General Jonathan Vance.
The JDN offers guidance to individuals, units and
commanders on how to approach the difficult situation of
conflicts involving child soldiers, including
maximizing the safety of Canadian Armed Forces members
and child soldiers. It includes guidance for the
planning and execution of operations, including
specialized pre-deployment training.
This initiative is consistent with Canada’s overall
commitment to ending the use of girls and boys in
hostilities, as demonstrated by our efforts as chair of
the
Group of Friends on Children and Armed Conflict at the
United Nations in New York, the funding of a number of
child protection initiatives, and Canada’s
recent endorsement of the Safe Schools Declaration.
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, "COMMENTS
BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA -- Working Group on Arbitrary
Detention Draft Principles and Guidelines on remedies and
procedures on: The right of anyone deprived of his or her liberty by
arrest or detention to bring proceedings before a court without
delay, in order that the court may decide without delay on the
lawfulness of his or her detention and order his or her release if
the detention is not lawful", Ottawa, 28 April 2015, available
at https://www.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/Documents/Issues/Detention/DraftBasicPrinciples/Canada.doc&action=default&DefaultItemOpen=1
(accessed 1 August 2019);
8. Canada does not agree with the statement at paragraph
73 that “Military tribunals are not competent to
review the arbitrariness and lawfulness of the detention
of civilians as military judges and military
prosecutors cannot meet the fundamental requirements of
independence and impartiality.” As this
statement relates to civilians who are subject to military
law by virtue of their status (for example:
civilians who accompany the armed forces on active
service), such individuals in the case of Canada
would have the lawfulness of their continued custody after
arrest under the Code of Service Discipline
reviewed by a military judge. This procedure is provided
for in statute, and is wholly consistent with
an individual’s rights and freedoms under the Canadian
Constitution. As this statement relates to
persons detained in armed conflict, neither conventional
nor customary law support the view that
military courts (or indeed specially constituted military
administrative bodies) could not be a
competent tribunal, such as the one required for status
determinations by Article 5 of Convention (III)
relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Finally, it
should be noted that the requirements of
“independence and impartiality” flows from the ICCPR. In
armed conflict, the correct formulation
insofar as penal processes is “impartial and regularly
constituted court”. (Article 75(4) of Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,
and relating to the Protection of Victims
of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)).
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, Defence and Security Policy:
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, Government response to the report on
Kosovo by the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and
International Trade, [Ottawa] : Dept. of Foreign Affairs and
International Trade, [2000], 15, 17 pages ; 28 cm, OCLC Number:
46925160; copy at the Library of Parliament;
Rob Grace,
image source: http://www.hpcrresearch.org/users/rob-grace, accessed
8 February 2015.
GRACE, Rob, "From
Design to Implementation: The Interpretation of Fact-finding
Mandates", Journal of
Conflict and Security Law first published
online December 10, 2014. Notes:
includes "Interview conducted by the author on 29 September 2011
with Kim Carter, CanadianForces War Crimes
Investigation Team Leader providing support for the Former
Yugoslavia Commission; title noted in my research but article not
consulted yet (2 February 2015);
Abstract
The mandate interpretation process is crucial to the
implementation of fact-finding missions geared toward
investigating alleged violations
of international law, including human rights, international
criminal law, and international humanitarian law. However,
many disagreements
exist about how fact-finding practitioners should weigh
different factors in their mandate interpretation processes.
This article—based in part
on extensive interviews conducted by the author with
fact-finding practitioners—examines areas of methodological
agreement and disagreement,
trends of professional decision making, and normative
perceptions that practitioners hold about best practices
regarding the interpretation of
fact-finding mandates. Overall, the article aims to
highlight points of convergence and divergence between past
professional experiences and
to illuminate the benefits and risks of different
methodological choices.
[image source: http://jcsl.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/12/10/jcsl.kru019.abstract?sid=be9f35b0-fed1-4131-80ea-5f98241d5e5e,
accessed on 2 February 2015]
GRAHAM, Bill, "[Address of] The Honourable Bill Graham, P.C.,
M.P. Minister of National Defence, L'Honorable Bill Graham, P.C.,
M.P. Ministre de la défense nationale [to the] Office of the JAG
Annual Mess Dinner, Royal Canadian Air Force Officers Mess, 27
October 2005, Ottawa, Ontario, Dîner régimentaire annuel du
Cabinet du JAG, Mess des Officiers de la Force aérienne, 27
octobre 2005, Ottawa, Ontario", (2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 22-24; topics
covered: Defending Canada; Defending North America; International
Society; JAG and Canadian Forces Transformation; Award Recipients;
available at Speech
of Bill Graham to the JAG Annual Mess Dinner;
___________former Minister of National Defence, 2004-2006 and
former Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2002-2004, testimony before
the House of Commons Special Committee on the Canadian Mission in
Afghanistan, 12 May 2010 (40th Parl., 3rd Session); Important;
I believe at this point I could
perhaps be helpful to the committee in understanding the
circumstances around which the original agreement
was drafted with the Afghan authorities, which dealt
with the transfer of detainees.
You'll know
that, to some extent, this matter was covered
extensively in Janice Stein and Gene Lang's book The
Unexpected War. The chapter
on this is pretty extensive. Much of what I will say
will replicate what is said in that book.
...
The role of the Canadian Forces was
to provide primarily security for the political
process to take place, which was coordinated with
CIDA
and DFAIT, essential partners in the three-D
process.
I'd like to emphasize that in our view, the rule
of law was an important component of our campaign in
Afghanistan, both from a legitimacy
point of view and our credibility with the Afghan
population. The question of detainees was a difficult one
that we had to resolve. There was
no capacity in the Canadian Forces to manage large numbers
of detainees. That was clear. We didn't have the number of
troops or the type of
infrastructure that would have allowed us to do that.
Early discussions with NATO had indicated that
NATO had no intention of providing a detainee holding
capacity. The Americans had capacity
in Bagram, but in our view, not only was this getting to
the point where they were resistant about taking more
detainees, it also was true, at that
point, that because of both Guantanamo and our
experience with Abu Ghraib, we were not of the view that
the Americans would be appropriate
authorities to receive prisoners from Canada. And that
matter was raised in debate in the House, which I'll
come to later.
That takes us to the point that we were in
Afghanistan. We were in Afghanistan, so the Afghans were
the logical and appropriate partners, with
built-in protections for the prisoners, of course. The
Dutch, the British, the Danes were working on this
solution as well. We had a sense of promise
that things were improving in Afghanistan.
From a chronology point of view, in May 2005 Foreign
Minister Abdullah and I met. We agreed that an agreement
was necessary and it would
have the support of both the Afghan and Canadian
governments. We discussed the idea of a transfer with
Afghan authorities, again when I was in
Kabul in October. Foreign Minister Abdullah was keen.
President Karzai gave his okay. Defence Minister Wardak,
however, made the point that
the Afghan forces had no capacity to deal with detainees
but that the President agreed that a special force would
be trained to handle them.
We therefore proceeded to work on
our agreement, which was drafted with senior members
of the Judge Advocate General's division in the
Department of National Defence, in fact one of whom
was a doctor in international law. They were in
contact with and had complete support of
their colleagues in Foreign Affairs and PCO. There was
an understanding that the Dutch and British were
working on similar agreements and
would be transferring prisoners to the Afghan
authority as well.
The agreement contained,
as you know, amongst other provisions, the Geneva
Convention protections whatever the detainee's
classification;
the Red Cross was to be notified; and a provision that
the Afghan human rights commission was to be engaged.
This, I want to emphasize,
colleagues, we believed was an extremely important
provision. It was a part of what we believed was
building civil society in Afghanistan at
that time, giving capacity to the human rights
commission of Afghanistan.
....
When we finished drafting
the agreement, our officials assured me—and I pushed
them hard on this—that our agreement contained the
best
language possible for the protection of prisoners.
I think it's appropriate
at this point to emphasize that the agreement was
drafted in anticipation. We had very limited
experience with prisoners
in the system at that time. While we were aware that
the Afghan prison system was not perfect and was in
fact wanting in many respects, we
had no reason to believe they would not be capable of
treating prisoners in accordance with the
international humanitarian obligations set out
in the agreement.
In November of 2005, we
met here with NGO representatives. I can say there was
general agreement that the appropriate approach to
this
issue was to transfer prisoners to the Afghans rather
than the Americans at that time. Concerns were
expressed about Afghan prison conditions,
which was something we were going to address through
CIDA, but there was every support for the policy of
transferring prisoners to Afghanistan
at that time.
Some members in the room
will recall that the question of prisoners was raised
in the debate in the House of Commons in November of
2005. I
raised the agreement. Various opposition members
raised similar concerns about any transfer to U.S.
authorities, but as I understood it, they
supported the transfer to Afghan authorities provided
the proper provisions respecting the Geneva
Conventions were present.
It is true this agreement
lacked a right to follow prisoners, which was
something contained in other agreements. This
agreement was criticized
for that. With hindsight, it could have contained such
a provision, which the present government in its
wisdom has added. I must emphasize,
however, that we believed at the time that we had an
agreement that contained the highest level of
protection for any possible prisoners.
....
I'd
also like to pay tribute to the members of the Judge
Advocate Division, the legal officers, and the many
other officials who, as you may know,
serve in the field at risk to their lives and
provide instant advice to ensure that our troops
conduct themselves in accordance with the
obligations under
the Rome Statute and the relevant provisions of
international humanitarian and Canadian law.
....
There was definitely a strong opinion at the
leadership level that to have diverted troops to
the process of managing prisoners would have
impinged
on their ability to conduct the combat mission.
This was not a matter that was just our
problem. The British were discussing the same
thing; the Dutch, the Danish, everybody came to
the same conclusion.
There was an unsuccessful attempt to suggest
that perhaps NATO would have been a logical
possibility for providing one of the countries
in NATO to provide
a detainee supervision brigade, or something of
that nature, but NATO wasn't willing to pick up
that challenge, so that didn't go anywhere.
GRAHAM, Gertrud, died on 6 December 2015, Lahr Germany; on 7
December 2015, I, François Lareau, received the following email
from LCol (retired) Benoit Pinsonneault:
Colleagues: We
regret to inform you of the
passing of Gertrud Graham, whom
many of you will remember as the
civilian Claims
Officer in the Office of the
Senior Legal Advisor Europe in
Lahr, Germany. Gertrud
passed away in her sleep in the
early morning
hours of 6 December, in a care
home in Lahr where she had spent
the last 11 years. She had
suffered two strokes and while her
mind remained sharp, latterly she
had significant mobility
issues. She advanced many a
"per quod" claim for us, was in on
the
settlement of many claims against
the CF, and will be remembered as
a most gracious lady and a strong
team member imbued
with a healthy dose of
Canadian interest.
Collègues:NousregrettonsdevousinformerdudécèsdeGertrudGraham,dont
un bon nombred'entre voussesouviendront de l’Officier des
réclamations civilauBureaudu Conseiller Juridique PrincipalEurope àLahr, Allemagne.Gertrudestdécédéedanssonsommeildansles
petites heures dumatin le 6décembre, dansunfoyer
de soins
de longue durée àLahr,
oùelleapassélesonzedernièresannées.Elleavaitsubi deuxaccidents cérébraux
vasculaires,
et
bien quesonesprit soit resté vif,dernièrement, elleavait
des problèmesimportants de
mobilité.Elle a
poursuivi plusieurs revendications “perquod” pournous, a participé au
règlement denombreusesréclamationscontrelesFCet
on se souviendra d’elle comme
d'unedametrès gracieuseet
d’unmembrefort de l'équipe,empreintd'unebonnedosed'intérêtcanadien.
Bill &
Ben
GRAHAM, G.-M., lawyer from Halifax, Major, member of the OJAG
during WW II, see "Nos militaires se récréent outre-mer", Le
devoir, Montréal, jeudi, 28 décembre 1944 at p. 2, available
at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2805454,
accessed 24 July 2018;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in
or out of the web page being viewed
____________research note: article about a General Court martial
where Major Graham was the Judge Advocate, see "Procès de trois
soldats devant une Cour martiale, à Aldershot", Le soleil,
mardi 31 juillet 1945, à la p. 9; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3439529
(consulté le 21 août 2018);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
GRAHAM, Ross, Dr., "Civil Control of the Canadian Forces:
National Direction and National Command", (Spring 2002) 3(1) Canadian Military Journal
23-29; available at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo3/no1/doc/23-30-eng.pdf
(accessed on 13 March 2012); research note: with the same title in
Toronto: Canadian Forces College National Security Studies Course
Paper, 2001 to be found at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/281/273/graham2.pdf; FRANÇAIS :
GRAHAM, Ross, "Controle civil des forces canadiennes: direction
nationale et commandement national", (Printemps 2002) 3(1) Revue militaire canadienne
23-29;
disponible à www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo3/no1/index-fra.asp
(site visité le 13 mars 2012); note de recherche: avec un titre
identique dans: Toronto: Canadian Forces College National Security
Studies Course Paper, 2001;
Image source: , accessed
http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/people/42601/gabrielgranatstein,
accessed 6 November 2015
Gabriel Granatstein
GRANATSTEIN, Gabriel, "Guerrier un jour, avocat toujours...",
DROIT-INC, 29 mars 2011, disponible à http://www.droit-inc.com/article5430-Guerrier-un-jour-avocat-toujours
(vérifié le 6 novembre 2015);
Biographie
Admis au barreau en 2009, Gabriel Granatstein est avocat
chez Ogilvy Renault à Montréal, en droit de l'emploi
et du travail. Avant de se joindre au cabinet, il a été
officier au sein des Forces canadiennes et a notamment été
affecté au maintien de la paix en Bosnie.
(still picture from the You Tube video)
Gabriel Granatstein
GRANATSTEIN, Gabriel and Mark Bergman, "In Montreal interview:
Lt. Gabriel Granatstein", News interview on 12/04/07 hosted by
Mark Bergman with Gabriel Granatstein about mission to Bosnia, on
YOU TUBE, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9v0wajfHh4
(accessed 6 November 2015);
GRANATSTEIN, J.L., 1939-, "A Diary of the Defence Review, 1997",
(summer 1997) 52(3) International
Journal
524-532;
Image source: amazon.com/Canadas-Army-Waging-Keeping-Peace/dp/0802046916,
accessed 30 November 2016
___________Canada's Army: Waging
War and Keeping the Peace, 2nd ed., Toronto:
Toronto University Press, 2011, [xxiv], [13], 573 p., ISBN:
978-1-4426-1178-8; copy at the University of Ottawa, General UA
600 .G65 2011;
[About the Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian
Forces to Somalia, Mr. Granatstein writes:]
What happened next tore the Canadian Forces
asunder. The Liberal government appointed a Commission of
Inquiry into the Deployment
of Canadian Forces to Somalia on March 20, 1995. Of
the three commissioners, chair Judge Gilles Letourneau, Judge
Robert Rutherford,
and journalist and journalism professor Peter Desbarats, only
Rutherford, had any military experience. The commission's
mandate was broad:
the pre-deployment choice and training of the CAR; the
events in Somalia; and the post-deployment phase of the alleged
cover-up of the
Arone killing at National Defence Headquarters. Because of
the commission's splenetic chair, who badgered witnesses and
regularly exploded
in front of the TV cameras, the inquiry's relations with the
Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces
deteriorated to the point
of open hostility. The commissioners clearly believed that
the department was being dishonest, while the military found the
commissioners
ill-informed and uncomprehending. Senior officers saw
the commission as a kangaroo court that, incredibly, devoted most
of its time to an
intensive investigation of who had altered a handful of press
releases at NDHQ. In the process, the Chief of the defence
Staff, air force General
Jean Boyle, had his career destroyed, in part at least by his own
hand. The commission unquestionably found evasion of the
spirit and letter
of the Access to Information Act and some attempts to cover up
information that might have damaged the reputation of the Canadian
Forces
and their political masters.
After two years and two extensions of its life,
the commission's work was cut short by a new Defence Minister,
Doug Young, in April 1997.
The commissioners then blamed the Department of National
Defence for their failure to complete their task, but, in the end,
in their appallingly
titled report, Dishonoured
Legacy, they produced a host of generally sensible
recommendations on leadership, accountability, discipline,
personnel
selection, training, rules of engagement, readiness, and
operational planning. In effect, the commissioners declared
that no future force should
leave Canada without proper equipment, training, a clear chain of
command, and a full understanding of its role. Readers will
recognize that
preparation of this order has never yet happened in Canadian
military history. Yet the commissioners were right: it
should.
Where the Somalia Commission went wrong was in
the attacks on individuals during its hearings, an attitude that
suggested an absence of
impartiality. The focus turned the inquiry into a
media circus, one that did terrible harm to the reputation of the
leaders of both the army and
the Canadian Forces. The commissionners' strictures on
individuals in their report made the damage worse. The
inquiry offered adverse
comments on seven generals, one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels,
and one major, pronouncing them failures. The commissioners
demonstrated
little understanding that military-political decisions were often
made with incomplete information and under pressure, and their
report ended careers.
Some deserved to have their careers derailed; others did
not. All warranted some humane treatment, more
understanding, from a supposedly impartial
and dispassionate commission of inquiry.
(pp. 408-409; notes omitted)
___________"From Mother Country to Far Away Relative: The
Canadian-British Military Relationship from 1945", (2009) Canadian
Military History: Vol. 18: Iss. 1, Article 7, at pp. 55-60;
The Canadian army had been reduced to some 25,000 all
ranks by successive cuts, and as the Cold War ended, it
was so weak that it could not despatch a fully equipped
battalion, let alone a brigade, to participate in the
first Gulf War. Then came Somalia and revelations of
torture and murder by members of the Canadian Airborne
Regiment
and failures in command by senior officers. Simultaneously
there was the operation in Former Yugoslavia where at
least one unit performed very well in action against
Croatian
regulars, but others, handicapped by post-Somalia rules of
engagement, found themselves referring to the Judge
Advocate General’s branch for permission to smoke, let
alone
fight. The Canadian units were abbreviated as Canbat
I and II, for Canadian battlegroups I and II. They
were known to British troops in theatre as the “Can’t
bats,” and it was
largely true.
The dismal 1990s turned the Canadian
Forces and especially the army inwards, and it determined
that it was ill-educated, ill-prepared, ill-trained and,
most obviously,
ill-equipped.[p. 60 ]
___________ “Going to war? ‘Parliament will decide’”, Globe and Mail, 9 September
2009;
___________"It's time to reform Canada's deficient National
Defence Act. The time to remedy these deficiencies is now
rather than after the next domestic crisis requiring the use of
the Canadian Forces.", The
Hilll Times online, Saturday, 17 December 2011;
title noted in my research but document not consulted yet (17
December 2011);
Civil-military relations in Western
democracies tend to be governed by two basic rules. First, the
national state controls the use of military force, its last resort
in maintaining
domestic order. Secondly, the elected politicians control the
military in accord with the nation's laws, thus making the
politicians ultimately accountable for the use of force.
In Canada, the military can provide Aid to the Civil Power,
putting troops on the street in a crisis. This is an essential
role, but the way in which this can be done requires
clarification...(source: http://www.hilltimes.com/military-history/2010/11/15/its-time-to-reform-canadas-deficient-national-defence-act/24892,
accessed on 17 December 2011)
___________"The Problem of Religion in Canadian Forces Postings
Liebmann vs the Minister of National Defence et al.", (Autumn
2010) 19(4) Canadian Military History 68-74; available at http://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1640&context=cmh
(accessed 8 January 2018); in this connection, see also the
Federal Court decision:Liebmann v. Canada (Minister of National
Defence), [1999] 1 FCR 20, 1998 CanLII 9091 (FC), <http://canlii.ca/t/49x3> and
Liebmann v. Canada (Department of National Defence)
(C.A.), 2001 CAF 243, (2001), [2002] 1 C.F 29, available at http://canlii.ca/t/4jxl;
___________"Sending in the Army", Ottawa Citizen, 10 November 2010;
available under the title "Canadian Forces and Aid to the Civil
Power", at http://www.cdfai.org/the3dsblog/?p=26
(accessed on 31 May 2012);
___________Who Killed the Canadian Military?, Toronto:
Harper Collins, 2004, 250 p., ISBN: 0-00-200675-8;
[Somalia Inquiry & Affair]
The Chrétien government created a Commission of Inquiry in
March 1995 to investigate what had gone wrong in
Somalia, but the Commission headed by a sputtering and
splenetic judge, unaccountably lost its way and began
investigating alterations to press releases rather than
the central issues.
......
At root, the cause of the Somalia affair was the
government's inability to say no. Canadian leaders
loved the kudos
they received in Washington and New York for ponying up
troops for UN and other service. They enjoyed the
favourable
editorials praising their devotion to peacekeeping, and
opinion polls confirmed that the electorate liked it
too. The senior
leadership may have pointed to the strains on its troops
as the Canadian Forces tried to mount one overseas
operation after
another, but, when pressed by the prime Minister, the
Defence Minister, and the Deputy Minister, the generals
and admirals
invariably saluted and said "can do". Their
training, their ethos, left them little option. The
men might be tired and their
units under-strength, the training might not always be
adequate, and the equipment might be obsolete, but, by
God, the
politicians and generals were ready, aye ready. As a
result, the Commission of Inquiry correctly pointed out,
the Canadians
arrived in Somalia "with an uncertain mission, unknown
task, ad hoc command arrangements, an unconsolidated
relationship
to U.S. command, and unclear rules of engagement."
There ought to have been no surprise than an overstretched
military,
with all ranks under stress, plunged into a morass. (pp.
157-159).
Image
source: www.amazon.com/Broken-promises-history-conscription-Canada/dp/0195402588,
11 May 2016
GRANATSTEIN, J.L., 1939-, and J. Mackay Hitsman,
1917-1970, Broken Promises: A History of Conscription
in Canada, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1977, 281 p.,
bibliography at p. [270-274], ISBN: 0195402588 paperback;
Image source:
www.amazon.ca
GRANATSTEIN, J.L., 1939-, and Dean F. (Dean Frederick) Oliver,
1965-, The Oxford
Companion to Canadian military history, Don Mills,
Ont. ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2011, xiii, 514 p.;
note: Co-published by: Canadian War
Museum = Musée canadien de la guerre;
"The evolution of Canada as a military
power is chronicled here by military
historians Dean F. Oliver and J.L. Granatstein in this
authoritative and highly readable book. Their entries include
concise biographies from James Wolfe to Louis Riel to Rick
Hillier; key military-political issues
like the conscription crises, war finance, and Canada-US
relations; lesser-known conflicts such as the Pig War and the
Aroostook War; and more recent issues facing the Canadian
Forces, including sexual harassment and post-traumatic stress
disorder. Rare photographic material and original wartime
paintings (reproduced in full colour) illustrate the people,
events, and hardware that define Canada’s military
history."--Publisher’s description.
GRANGER, Eric, Lawyer, Criminal Lawyers Associations, testimony on Bill C-15,An Act to
amend the National Defence Act and to make consequential
amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the Short Title:Strengthening
Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act,
before the House of Commons Standing Committee on National
Defence, meeting number 66, 13 February
2013, minutes and evidence;
GRANT, A.C., Major, judge-advocate at courts martial, see
"Major Grant; Probed Soldier Riots", The Globe,
Toronto, 30 June 1919, at p. 8, available at
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/....,
accessed 9 July 2020;
Image
source: managingyourassets.com/auctions/view_auction?id=192,
accessed 11 December 2017
GRANT, Dale, "Canada's military a law unto itself", Toronto
Star, 12 March 1996, p. A.13;
Description: One of the things which makes
the military different
from all other arms of government is that it has its own
justice system.
For while military
personnel can be charged under civilian laws and tried in
public court, most offences - be they stealing office
supplies,
drunkenness, rape or murder - will be dealt with by an
internal system that has its own police, prosecutors,
courts and prisons as well as a
large body of specific laws and regulations to support it.
But as the Somalia inquiry has graphically shown, the
words ``military justice''
are a cruel oxymoron in Canada. Accusations of corruption,
cover-up and abuse of power made against senior officers
are routinely buried
in a cloud of secrecy and endless investigations that go
nowhere. In some cases, like that of Maj. Vincent
Buonamici, the Canadian Forces military police officer in
Somalia, it is claimed people were sent in to tap phones,
pick locks and remove documents from files to impede
his investigation. (http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch =true&mode=Basic&tab=default_tab&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=01LOC&frbg=&vl%28freeText0%29=%22Canada%27s+military+ a+law+unto+itself%22&scp.scps=primo_central_multiple_fe,
accessed 18 August 2016)
Image
source: managingyourassets.com/auctions/view_auction?id=192,
accessed 11 December 2017
___________"Military and society at arms over forces' role", Toronto
Star, 1 September 1997, p. A13;
Image
source: managingyourassets.com/auctions/view_auction?id=192,
accessed 11 December 2017
___________"Ottawa to blame for state of military justice", Toronto
Star, 29 May 1998;
___________ "Ottawa's stance in indefensible We'll never know what
government role in Somalia affair was: Final Edition", Toronto
Star, 13 January 1997, p. A.13;
GRANT, Donald Gordon, died 20 July 1999, in Halifax; was a member
of the OJAG:
OBIT #
645 – HALIFAX HERALD – 21 JULY 1999
GRANT,
Donald Gordon - died peacefully on July 20, 1999, in
Halifax, after a short illness at the
age of 90. Born in Bridgeville, Pictou Co., he was a son
of the late J. Albert and Margaret
(Holmes) Grant. He attended Pictou Academy, Mount Allison
University, Dalhousie University
and, in 1932, graduated from Dalhousie Law School. Always
a keen public speaker and debater,
he was president of the Dalhousie Debating Society. Donald
practiced law in Halifax until 1937
when he began a successful career with the Nova Scotia
Trust Company as manager of the Sydney
branch. In 1942 he began his war service as major in the Judge Advocate General
Branch of the
Canadian Army and was posted to Ottawa. At the end
of the war, he resumed his career with the
Nova Scotia Trust Company as manager of the Halifax
office. He spent 35 years with the Trust
Company in Halifax and held the position of president and
chief executive officer until his retirement
in 1971. During his business career he served on the
Carter Royal Commissionon Taxation. READ THE
REST at http://www.forposterityssake.ca/Obituary/DS/DS-OBIT-0001-1000.pdf
(accessed 6 May 2018);
The Donald G. Grant Bursary
Fund
The fund was established through a bequest from Donald G.
Grant in memory of Dr. Sidney Earle Smith,
Dean of the Schulich School of Law from 1929-34. Donald
Grant (Class of ’32) was active in student affairs,
played varsity hockey and was a member of the
intercollegiate debating team. He practiced law in Halifax
before joining the Canadian Army where he served in the
Judge Advocate General Branch. He joined the
Nova Scotia Trust Company becoming General Manager and
later President and CEO.
___________photo of GRANT, Donald Gordon, in "Chief Trust Man",
Financial Post, Toronto, Saturday, 9 June 1956 at p. 51,
available at https://www.newspapers.com/...., accessed 29 May
2020;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
GRANT, Isabel, 1957-, Dorothy Chunn, 1943-, and Christine
Boyle, 1949-, The Law of Homicide, Scarborough (Ontario):
Carswell, 1994, see "Protection of Persons Acting under Authority
-- (a) The Armed Forces" at pp. 6-77 to 6-80, ISBN: 0459552562
(pbk.); there is also a loose-leaf edition which is updated, ISBN:
045955244;
Photo:
Sgt Roxanne Clowe , Canadian Forces Combat Camera
"Kandahar Air Field Brigadier-General T.J. Grant
(left), Commander of Joint
Task Force Afghanistan, Dave (Tiger) Williams (centre in uniform),
and then Chief of Defence Staff,
General Rick Hillier, along with members from Hockey Team Canada
admire the Stanley Cup on May 2,
2007 after arriving at the Kandahar Airfield in Afghanistan. Team
Canada returned to Kandahar this week
to show their support for the soldiers and to play a couple of games
of hockey against the Canadian soldiers.
[image source: canada.com/sports/hockey+stars+visit+kandahar+likely+last+time/4401213/story.html,
accessed 28 July 2017]
GRANT, Colonel T.J., "Training on Rules of Engagement in Domestic
Operations", research essay, Advanced Military Studies Course 1,
Canadian Forces College, 2 November 1998, 32 p.; available
at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/260/261/grant1.pdf
(accessed on 19 June 2012);
Source: regimentalrogue.com/rcr_great_war_officers/rcr_offr_grant_suttie_glp.html,
accessed 26 December 2018
Gerald Lynham Porte Grant-Suttie, 1918
GRANT-SUTTIE, Gerald Lynham Porte, 1890-1949, Lieutenant-Colonel,
was judge advocate at General Courts Martial, died in 1949, see
article: "Obituaries: Lt.-Col. Grant-Suttie Stricken at Race Meet",
The Globe and Mail, 25 May 1949, at p. 31;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, The
Globe and Mail
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 26 October 2018
motto
'VINCIT QUI POSSE CREDIT' [Latin = He who believes that he can,
succeeds]
____________notes on Grant-Suttie, Gerald Lynham Porte, BP MUR CAN
P G7364, available at https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bookplate/items/1.0215678
(accessed 25 November 2018);
Owner [of heraldry illustrated work] was Gerald Lynham
Porte Grant-Suttie (February 17, 1890-May 24, 1949).
Grant-Suttie was born in Detroit,
Michigan, to George Grant-Suttie. Although there seems to
be little information on his early schooling, Madsen documented in his book, 'Another Kind of Justice:
Canadian Military Law From Confederation to Somalia'
(1999), that Grant-Suttie completed two years of law school
but did not attempt the bar examination. A career
military man, Grant-Suttie joined the service in 1909,
transferring to the Royal Canadian Regiment as a
Lieutenant in 1913. In 1915 at the age of 25, he enlisted for overseas
service in the First World War, during which he served
as a court martial officer in London and France. The records of
the Royal Canadian Regiment show that he was wounded in
action in
November of 1917. He received the British War Medal and
the Victory Medal for his service. In 1924, Grant-Suttie
married Ada Lewis Gooderham, daughter of Robert T.
Gooderham of Toronto. A Fellow of the Royal Geographical
Society, Grant-Suttie was instrumental in the induction of
Canada into the International Geographical Union (IGU).
He personally sponsored Canada's membership in the IGU
beginning in 1936, and served as the first chairman of the
Canadian National Committee of the IGU. Grant-Suttie also
served as the first Lithuanian Consul-General for Canada
from 1937-1949. Lieutenant Colonel Grant Suttie died in
1949 at the age of 60 after suffering a heart attack at
the
Woodbine Racetrack clubhouse in Toronto. ; Personal
[Emphasis in bold added]
GRANT-WADDELL, Trista L., "Soldiers First": The Evolution of
Training for Peacekeeping in the Canadian Forces, 1956-2000,
thesis, Graduate Program in History, A thesis submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, The
University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. 2014, vii,
379 p. (supervisor: Jonathan Vance), available at http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3438&context=etd
(accessed 14 November 2017);
Abstract
This dissertation aims to revise conventional wisdom
regarding Canada’s contribution to international
peacekeeping
through an examination of peacekeeping-specific training
in the Canadian Forces from 1945 to 2000. There is a
need
to study training to understand how Canada’s
peacekeepers have been prepared for peacekeeping
missions since the
creation of the United Nations Emergency Force in 1956.
Peacekeeping training was neglected in the
historiography
of Canadian participation in international peacekeeping
and in the operations of the Department of National
Defence
and other government bodies. This topic deserves more
attention given the important role that peacekeeping has
played
as a primary task of the Canadian Forces.A
survey of historical literature dealing with Canadian
peacekeeping shows
that academic interest in peacekeeping over the last
thirty-odd years has failed to address the critical
issue of training
until recently, and rarely from a historical
perspective. Scholars have not examined Canadian
peacekeeping at its most
basic level to determine how Canada’s soldiers are
prepared for peacekeeping.
This dissertation uses scholarly sources, government of
Canada documents, and the testimony of Canadian soldiers
as its sources. An integral part of my research is the
testimony of former peacekeepers. The recollection of
their
experiences prior to, during, and post-deployment can
illustrate the impact that the presence or lack of
specialized
training for peacekeeping had on their experiences as
peacekeepers in multinational forces. The objective of
this study
is to gain a comprehensive picture of the evolution of
specialized training for peacekeeping in the Canadian
Forces since the 1950s.
[Source: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2015/,
accessed 31 March 2019]
GRAVEL, Amélie, Les victimes d’infractions d’ordre militaire
: des victimes comme les autres, winner of the 2016 Sword
and Scale essay competition;
[Résumé]
En 2015 est entrée en vigueur la Charte canadienne des
droits des victimes (Charte) qui donne une plus grande
voix aux victimes de la criminalité
dans le système de justice pénale. Cette loi ne s’applique
pas à l’égard des infractions militaires, qui requièrent
un système de justice distinct.
Le projet de loi C-71, une adaptation de cette Charte aux
particularités du système de justice militaire, semble
être tombé dans l’oubli. Les victimes
d’infractions militaires se voient donc privées des droits
reconnus à toute autre victime canadienne. D’importantes
modifications législatives entrées
en vigueur au cours des 34 dernières années ont fait
converger les rôles des principaux acteurs du système
judiciaire militaire vers une uniformité
avec leurs homologues des tribunaux civils de justice
pénale. La victime, quant à elle, demeure la seule à
encore souffrir de la disparité entre le
système de justice pénale et le système de justice
militaire. (source: http://www.cba.org/News-Media/News/2016/June/swordscale?lang=fr-CA,
accessed 21 August 2016)
-----
[TRANSLATION] The Canadian Victims’ Bill of
Rights, which gives greater voice to the rights of victims
of crime throughout the criminal justice
system, came into effect in 2015. This law does not apply,
however, to military infractions. Bill C-71, an adaptation
of this Bill of Rights to the
particularities of the military justice system, seems to
have fallen of the rails. Victims of military infractions
are therefore deprived of the same
rights granted to all other Canadian victims of crime.
Important legislative changes over the past 34 years have
helped to align the roles of the
various actors in the military justice system with those
of their counterparts in the criminal courts and eliminate
some of the disparity between
the two systems. The victim, however, still suffers from
the disparities that remain.
(source: http://www.cba.org/News-Media/News/2016/June/swordscale?lang=en-CA,
accessed 21 August 2016)
GRAVEL, Jean-Yves, "L'aide militaire au pouvoir civil, 1867-1900"
(décembre 1972) 2(2) Protée
39-49; titre noté dans mes recherches mais article non consulté
(15 décembre 2011); Protée, il s'agit peut-être du prériodique
publié par: [Chicoutimi, Quebec] Dép. des sciences humaines de
l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. DESCRIPTION: v. 23 cm.
v. 1- déc. 1970-; copie à l'université Carleton, Ottawa;
GRAY, Susan L., Just War Theory: An Analysis of its Relevance
for Contemporary Warfare and States, Thesis submitted to the
Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the MA in Public Ethics
Department of Philosophy Saint Paul University Ottawa, Canada, 2009, iv, 127 p.;
available at https://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/28561/1/MR65979.PDF
(accessed 20 September 2016);
Abstract
Contemporary Just War Theory (JWT) is the philosophical
theory used to determine
the moral and ethical issues surrounding warfare and it is
currently at a crossroads. Most
applications of JWT (within the last century) presuppose at
least the following: the conflict's
participants are traditionally defined and known states; the
world structure is state-based; most
conflicts are divisible into stages (in simple terms:
pre-conflict, conflict and post-conflict);
and, finally, a clear outcome will mean victory for one
side, be it one state or an allied group
of states. In light of Philip Bobbitt's non-traditional
global market state model, is
conventional JWT still valid for determining the ethical
scope of the types of conflicts
emerging in the 21st century? This study explores some of
these recent calls for the adaptation
and revision of JWT and applies contemporary JWT to a
phenomenon of the global market
state: the rise of the private military industry. Based on
this application, I found that JWT
could not assess Private Military Contractor (PMC) activity
on three counts. As PMCs
operation within the limits of privacy, JWT cannot assess
their actions and the behaviour and
judgment of their members as JWT's ad bellum and in bello
principles are designed to apply
to public actors: namely legitimate states, their political
leaders and militaries. Secondly, due
to the private nature of PMC contracts and terms of service,
the principle of proportionality
cannot be applied to their activity. Finally, PMCs obscure
the principles of proper authority
and public declaration; a state that may not have the public
support of its nation to actively
influence a war or engage in it altogether can seek to a
void any open declaration of war and
employ a PMC instead of its own military. With regard to
modern JWT itself, I concluded that
three areas need revision: the decreasing difference between
pre-emptive war and preventive
strikes; the jus in bello issue of
discrimination between legitimate and non-legitimate
targets;
and the responsibilities and principles that should govern
the moral behaviour involved
in restoring the pre-conflict status quo deserve substantial
study.
GRAYSON-BELL, Marion, Fligh Officer with the OJAG, see photo
hereunder and published in The Evening Citizen, Ottawa,
Monday, 7 January 1944 at p. 5; retrieved
from
http://biblioottawalibrary.ca.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca/ezproxylogin?url=/docview/2337577494?accountid=46526,
accessed 30 April 2020;
GREAT BRITAIN, The National Archives, see on Canadian Expeditionary Force courts martial:
- Captain Braden Greaves acted for the Director of
Military Prosecutions in the Court martial of Dondaneau S.L.
(Master Corporal), R. v., 2023 CM 2009 (CanLII), <https://canlii.ca/t/jx00h>;
- interviewed, see "CANADIAN
WAR MUSEUM IN
THEIR OWN VOICES ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW
TRANSCRIPT INTERVIEW
CONTROL NUMBER:20220035-014 INTERVIEWEE:BradenGreaves
INTERVIEWER:
Michael Petrou DATE
OF INTERVIEW: 21January2022
LOCATION
OF INTERVIEW: Ottawa, ON PLATFORM
OF INTERVIEW: Telephone", available at (accessed 8 May
2023);
Hart Green Junior Memorial Prize for Charter
Issues in Criminal Law
Awarded to the student with
Highest standing in Charter Issues in Criminal Law.
Background
Information
Born in Winnipeg in 1913,
Hart Green attended St. John’s College and graduated from
the University of Manitoba with a B.A. in 1932, and the
Manitoba Law School in 1936. With the outbreak of war
in 1939 he was recalled to active service as Major with
the Officers Training Corps.
Later he went overseas as an infantry officer rank and
became Assistant Judge Advocate General at the Canadian
Military Headquarters
in London, serving in the same capacity in Ottawa after
the war until he left military service in
1946. Returning to Winnipeg, he resumed his
law practice with his father, S. Hart Green K.C.
Mr. Green was very active in
community service. He helped to establish the Jewish
National Fund and served on the executive of the Chaim
Weizman Club and the National Executive of the Zionist
Organization of Canada. He was involved with B’nai
B’rith, Israel Bond and
the Mount Sinai Lodge of the Masonic Order. He was
also honorary solicitor of the Victoria General Hospital
for many years.
At 57 years of
age, Hart Green Jr., Q.C., died on January 6,
1971. His wife, Mrs. Hilda Green, established this
prize in his honour in 1972.
The Hart Green Junior Memorial Prize in Criminal Procedure
is awarded to the student who achieves high standing in
the course, Criminal Procedure,
and who satisfactorily completes his or her year.
GREEN, L.C. (Leslie Claude), 1920-2011, "Canada's Role in
the Development of the law of Armed Conflict", (1980) 17 Canadian Yearbook International Law;
__________"Canadian Law and the Punishment of war Crimes", (1980)
28 Chitty's Law Journal 249;
___________"Cicero and Clausewitz or Quincy Wright: The
Interplay of Law and War", (1998/1999) 9 Journal of Legal Studies 59–98;
___________The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict, 3rd ed.,
Manchester: Juris Publishing / Manchester University Press, 2008;
2nd edition in 2000 available at http://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r32529.pdf
(accessed 30 September 2016);
___________"The Defence of Superior Orders in The Modern Law of
Armed Conflict", (1993) 31 Alberta Law Review 320-333;
___________"Enforcement of the Law in
International and Non-International Conflicts - The Way Ahead",
(1995-96) 24 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y
285;
___________"Enforcement of the Law in Non-international Conflicts
in V. Götz, ed., Liber
amicorum Günther Jaenicke—zum 85. Geburtstag,
Berlin: Springer,1998, at pp. 113–147;
___________"The Environment and the Law of Coventional Warfare",
(1991) Canadian Yearbook of
International Law 222-282;
____________Essays on the Modern Law of War, 2nd
ed., Ardsley, N.Y. : Transnational Publishers, c1999, xvi,
604 p. ; 25 cm., Includes bibliographical references and index,
ISBN: 1571050698;
___________"Humanitarian law and the man in the field", (1976) 14
Military Law and Law of War
Review 96-115;
___________"The International Judicial Process and the
Law of Armed Conflict", (1999) 38(1) Revue
de droit militaire et de droit de la guerre15–89;
___________"Is There a 'New' Law of Intervention and
Occupation", in Thomas McK. Sparks and Glenn M. Sulmasy, eds., International law Challenges:
Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism, Neport,
Rhode Island: Naval War College, 2006, at pp. 167-200
(series; International Law Studies; vol. 81); available at http://www.usnwc.edu/Research---Gaming/International-Law/Studies-Series/documents/Naval-War-College-vol-81.aspx
(accessed on 4 March 2012);
Image source:
(2006) 1 JAG Les actualités -- Newsletter 21 From the left: Bill Graham, Leslie Green
and
Jerry Pitzul, 27 October 2005.
___________"The Relations between Human Rights and International
Humanitarian Law: A Historical Overview", in Susan C. Breau and
Agnieszka Jachec-Neale, eds., Testing the Bounderies of
International Humanitarian Law, 2006 at p. 46;
___________"Le rôle du Canada dans le développement du droit en
matière de conflit armé", (1980) 11(3) Études internationales
489-508; disponible à http://www.erudit.org/revue/ei/1980/v11/n3/701076ar.pdf
(vérifié le 5 janvier 2012);
___________"The Role of Discipline in the Military", (2004) 42 Canadian Year Book of International
Law 385-421;
___________“The Role of Legal Advisors in the Armed Forces”,
(1978) 26 Chitty’s Law Journal
23; also in (1977) 7 Israel
Yearbook on Human Rights;
___________"Superior Orders and Command Responsibility",
(1989) 27 The Canadian YearBook of International Law
167-202;
___________"A Wartime Military Lawyer Reminisces" (1989) 3 Canadian Forces JAG Journal
1 (title noted in my research but document not consulted yet, 5
January 2012);
___________"What is -- Why is there -- the Law of War?,
(1994) 5 Finnish YearBook of
International Law 99-148;
Image
source: , accessed 5 September 2016
Christopher Greenwood
GREENWOOD, F. M. (Frank. Murray), 1935-2000, "‘The
Drafting and Passage of the War Measures Act in 1914 and 1927:
Object Lessons in the Need for Vigilance’ in W. Wesley Pue and
Barry Wright, eds., Canadian Perspectives on Law and Society:
Issues in Legal History, Ottawa: Carleton University Press,
1988, pp. 291-398;
____________ "L'insurrection appréhendée et l'administration de
la justice au Canada", (1980) 34 Revue d'histoire de
l'Amérique française 57-91; disponible à https://www.erudit.org/revue/haf/1980/v34/n1/303837ar.pdf
(vérifié le 24 janvier 2017); note: Traduction: André Vachon,
s.r.c.;
Image
source: osgoodesociety.ca/book-author/f-murray-greenwood/,
accessed 27 June 2018
GREENWOOD, F. Murray (Frank Murray), 1935-2000, and Bary Wright,
1957-, eds., Rebellion and invasion in the Canadas, 1837-1839,
Toronto ; London : for the Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal
History by University of Toronto Press, c2002, xvi, 499 p. : maps
; 23 cm.(series; Canadian state trials; volume 2), ISBN:
0802037488;
Contents
Introduction Rebellion, invasion, and the crisis
of the colonial state in the Canadas, 1837-39 / F
Murray Greenwood and Barry Wright
Part I. Upper Canada 1. Trying the rebels :
emergency legislation and the colonial executive's
overall legal strategy in the Upper Canadian
rebellion / Rainer Baehre
2. The Toronto treason trials, March-May 1838 /
Paul Romney and Barry Wright
3. The treason trials of 1838 in Western Upper
Canada / Colin Read
4. The Kingston and London courts martial /
Barry Wright
5. The Prince affair : gallant colonel or the
Windsor butcher? / F Murray Greenwood
6. Patriot exiles in Van Diemen's Land /
Cassandra Pybus
Part II. Lower Canada 7. This ultimate resource:
martial law and state repression in Lower Canada,
1937-38 / Jean-Marie Fecteau
8. State trial by legislature : the Special
Council of Lower Canada, 1838-41 / Steven Watt
9. The General Court Martial at Montreal, 1838-39
: operation and the Irish comparison / F Murray
Greenwood
10. The Montreal Court Martial, 1838-39 : legal
and constitutional reflections / F Murray Greenwood
11. Women's work : women and re bellion in Lower
Canada, 1837-39 / Beverley Boissery and Carla
Paterson
12. The punishment of transportation as suffered
by the Patriotes sent to New South Wales / Beverley
Boissery
Appendices : archival research and supporting
documents: A. In pursuit of rebels at the National
Archives of Canada : beyond the usual round-up of
suspect sources / Patricia Kennedy
Tables of National Archives sources with
commentary (P Kennedy)
B. Archival sources
in Quebec relating to the legal suppression of the
rebellions of 1837 and 1838 in Lower Canada / James
Lambert
C. Rebellion trials
sources in Ontario Archives / Susan Lewthwaite
"Today, the Canadian Forces
wouldn't deploy on a major peacekeeping operation or [United
Nations] Chapter 7 mission without a legal officer
as part of the establishment in terms of deploying," says
Lesperance. "The JAG Branch is much more involved in the
military justice system as
a result of the changes that came down after the whole Somalia
thing. I think that the legal officer is much more
integrated into the thinking of
the leadership now." (p. 18)
GRENON, Hector, 1908-1991, avocat et officier légal, voir "Le
club Richelieu rend hommage à l'ex-président, M. Jacques
Morissette", Le nouvelliste, mardi, 13 février 1973, à la
p. 7; disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3299416
(consulté le 27 janvier 2019);
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
___________"Le
chemin parcouru [par Hector Grenon]", Asticou (Société
historique de l'ouest du Québec) cahier numéro 19, avril 1978, aux
pages 4-11, disponible à http://www.reseaupatrimoine.ca/documents/19%20asticou0001.pdf
(vérifié le 15 mars 2019);
Hector Grenon, détail sur la couverture de son livre Au temps des "patronneux", 1975, Les éditions
internationales Alain Stanké
image: https://www.google.com/....
___________GRENON,
Hector, 1908-1991 fut un auteur prolifique; on pourra consulter le
catalogue AMICUS
pour voir les nombreux livres d'histoire qu'il a écrit, notamment:
___________sur
GRENON, J.E.H., capitaine, voir "En charge des réclamations", Le
Courrier de St-Hyacinthe, vendredi 12 janvier 1945 à la p.
8, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2590954
(consulté le 15 mars 2019);
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF20h20
hours ago Our newest
Legal Officers, Capt Mandeep Grewal
and Capt Josh Tuttle,
receive their Legal Branch cap badges from Colonel Marla Dow,
Branch Advisor, and CWO Marc Gabanna from AJAG Eastern
Region upon their graduation from @CanadianForces
Leadership
and Recruit School." (accessed 19 June 2018)
"Capt. Mandy Grewal completed her basic training earlier this
year and is now an army lawyer practising with the Judge Advocate
General."
GRIFFIN, Herbert (Bert) Henry, M.C., 1911-2006, lawyer, member of
the OJAG during World War II, see obituary in The Globe and
Mail, 28 March 2006, at p. S6;
Pressing (and holding) the Ctrl
key and scrolling the wheel
of the mouse allows to zoom in or out of the web page
being viewed
Source: ProQuest Historical Newspapers
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.biblioottawalibrary.ca....,
accessed 24 November 2018
GRIFFIN, Martin K. (King), Lt(N), member of the OJAG as a legal
officer, DLaw/MJP&R, is mentioned as a direct entry
officer, doing BOTC in "Personnel", (July-Sept 1999) 3 JAG
Newsletter--Bulletin d'actualités at p. 3; research note: is
Executive Director & Senior Counsel for the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police External Review Committee in Ottawa (information
researched on 18 January 2019);
____________on GRIFFIN, M.K., Lieutenant-Navy, was prosecutor at
Standing Court Martial of R. v. Conway 2000 CM 62,
Toronto; source of information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark
Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada Law Book, c2008-, vol. 2,
at p. APP2: 2000-24;
___________research note: GRIFFIN works as Senior counsel at
the RCMP External Review Committee, Ottawa; see http://www.goc411.ca/en/128855/Martin-Griffin
(research done on 29 May 2020);
Source de
l'image: lgdj.fr/l-applicabilite-temporelle-du-droit-international-humanitaire-9783725585076.html,
vérifié le 10 mai 2017
GRIGNON, Julia, L’applicabilité temporelle du droit
international humanitaire, Genève: Schulthess, 2014, 500
p., (Collection; Collection Genevoise), ISBN : 978-3-7255-8507-6; thèse de doctorat;
Source
de l'image: https://www.fd.ulaval.ca/faculte/professeurs/julia-grignon,
vérifié le 10 mai 2017
Professeure Julia Grignon
___________"The end of international armed conflict and
non-international armed conflict for the purpose of the
applicability of International Humanitarian Law", XXXVIII ROUND
TABLE ON CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW, THE
DISTINCTION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED
CONFLICTS: CHALLENGES FOR IHL? SANREMO, 3rd–5th SEPTEMBER, 2015;
professor Grignon is Co-Director of the International Criminal and
Humanitarian Law Clinic, Faculty of Law, Laval University, Quebec;
available at http://www.iihl.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Grignon-2.pdf
(accessed 10 May 2017);
-------------
Emmanuelle Gril, image
source:
Simon Hébert, juge à la ca.linkedin.com/in/emmanuellegril,
Cour supérieure, P.Q. depuis 2015
accessed on 12 January
2015
source image: droit-inc.com/article15579-Quatre-nouveaux-juges-a-la-Cour-superieure
GRIL, Emmanuelle, "Avocat et colonel dans les Forces canadiennes:
un parcours peu banal", (mars 2007) 39(3) Le Journal -- Barreau du Québec
9; article sur le Colonel Simon Hébert, avocat militaire dans la
réserve; disponible à http://www.barreau.qc.ca/pdf/journal/vol39/200703.pdf
(vérifié le 5 mars 2012);
GRIMMETT, A.M. (Almond Marcus), on see Stan Shillington, "Jail
University Agitators, Says Retiring Magistrate", The Vancouver
Sun, Saturday, 12 October 1968 at p. 25; available at
https://www.newspapers.com/image/...., accessed 26 June 2020;
Almond Marcus Grimmett, former permanent president of
courts martial
in the Pacific Command following the Second World War,
retired as a
Vancouver magistrate this week after almost five years
service.
....
Grimmett, after being educated in B.C.,
joined the 29th Vancouver
Battalion (Tobin's Tigers) and served overseas during the
First
World War. He rose from private to major and won the
Military
Cross.
He was called to the B.C. Bar in 1922
and practised in Revelstoke
and Vancouver until the Second World War.
....
He again joined the services and served with the
judge advocate-
general's branch in Ottawa and later became permanent
president
of courts martial in the Pacific Command.
Following the war he joined the legal staff of the
Department
of Veteran Affairs as solicitor for the Veterans Land Act.
He retired in 1962 but, a year later, was named as
a magistrate.
During his early life, Grimmett starred as a
English rubby,
rowing and baseball.
GRIMSHAW, Paul, "Conduct after Capture and Terrorist
Hostage-Taking: A Case fo a New Doctrine", Canadian Forces
College, JCSP 33, Exercise New Horizons, 16 April 2007, 15 p.;
available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/293/287/grimshaw.pdf
(accessed on 15 June 2014);
----------------
Image source for book cover:
https://www.
Sir George Prevost, 1767-1816
google.com;Google image source;
accessed
image source for Prevost: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pr%C3%A9vost
28 July 2017
____________Defender of Canada: Sir George Prevost and the War
of 1812 / by John R. Grodzinski ; foreword by Donald E.
Graves, Sir George Prevost and the War of 1812, Norman :
University of Oklahoma Press, [2013], c2013,: xxi, 375 p.
SERIES: Campaigns and commanders; NOTES: Includes bibliographical
references (p. 351-362) and index. Introduction: The untold
story of Sir George Prevost's leadership in the War of 1812 -- The
making of a general, 1767-1808 -- Nova Scotia, Martinique, and
Quebec, 1808-1811 -- Planning the defense of British North
America, September 1811-June 1812 -- Declaration of war and
military operations in 1812 -- Operations around Lake Ontario
intensify: January to May 1813 -- The Canadas survive repeated
invasion: June to December 1813 -- "Give Jonathan a good
drubbing": January to August 1814 -- Preparing for the Plattsburgh
Campaign -- A single stain: the Plattsburgh Campaign --
"Respecting my conduct at Platsburgh": the fate of Sir George
Prevost. ISBN: 0806143878 (hardcover : alk. paper); ISBN:
9780806143873 (hardcover : alk. paper); ISBN:
9780806143873(AMICUS catalogue); Sir George
Prevost died shorthly before his scheduled court martial in
London, England; available in part in https://books.google.ca/books?id=JfQNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=Canada+%22Judge+Advocate+General%22&source=bl&ots=mt8AGh22D9&sig=OOsYGhqKZm2-HdvWCMtb-4g2gDE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAyavwsavVAhWC2YMKHW0TC_04RhDoAQhBMAY#v=onepage&q=Papineau&f=false
(accessed 28 July 2017);
Image source: "Lethal weapon", (2003) 1 JAG Newsletter -- Les
actualités 76-77
GROOME, Garner A., legal officer with the OJAG;
biographical note:
Garner
Groome is Counsel at the Law Society of Alberta. He was
admitted to the Alberta bar in 1992 after articling in the
Court
of Appeal of Alberta. He practiced primarily in appellate
advocacy before entering public service with the Canadian
Forces' Office
of the Judge
Advocate General. Garner joined the Law Society of Alberta
in 2005 as one its counsel responsible for, among other
things, the prosecution of ethical misconduct complaints
and other professional regulatory matters.
[source: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ETHICS CONFERENCE V BANFF,
ALBERTA JULY 12-14, 2012
CONFERENCE PRESENTERS and PANEL CHAIRS, at: https://www.ucalgary.ca/ilec5/files/ilec5/Bios_FINAL.pdf,
accessed 21 July 2017]
GROULX, Lionel Adolphe, 1878- 1967, Lendemains de conquête:
cours d'histore du Canada à l'Université de Montréal 1919-1920,
[Montreal] : Bibliothèque de l'action française, [1920], 235
pages, 20 cm, et voir "Les tribunaux de l'occupation militaire",
aux pages 97-133, disponible à https://www.fondationlionelgroulx.org/IMG/pdf/lionel-groulx-lendemains-de-conquete.pdf
(site consulté le 20 mars 2020);
GROUX, George, "Judge advocate general backs ombudsman", The
Ottawa Citizen, 16 September 1999; reply to Blanchield,
Mike, supra;
GROVER, Sonja, "The Extraterritorial Application of the Canadian
Charter to Detainees in Canadian Military Custody : A
Re-Examination of Amnesty International Canada v. Canada (Canadian
Forces)", (2008) 4(3) High
Court Quarterly Review 40-53;
Abstract: In Amnesty International
Canada v. Canada (Canadian Forces), the Federal Court of
Canada held that the Canadian Charter
of Rights and Freedoms does not protect against the transfer
of detainees held by Canadian Forces to Afghan authorities
even if the
transfer exposes detainees to a substantial risk of torture.
This paper sets out the legal basis for extension of the
Canadian Charter to
the detainees. The argument is made that international law
principles themselves prohibit the abrogation or derogation
from a higher
standard of human rights protection potentially available to a
vulnerable group. It is explained how that principle applies
in this case.
The paper thus examines the question of extraterritorial
jurisdiction in the application of human rights protections.
The interplay
between international law and the domestic human rights law of
the State when on foreign soil with effective military custody
and
control over foreign detainees is explored.
[source: https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=451507880551733;res=IELHSS,
accessed on 10 February 2015]
___________"The Supreme court of Canada's
declining of its jurisdiction in not ordering the repatriation of
a Canadian Guantanamo detainee : implications of the case for our
understanding of international humanitarian law", (March 2011)
15(3) The International Journal of Human Rights 481-508;
The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) declined its jurisdiction
in its 2010 ruling in Canada (Prime Minister) v. Khadr
by not ordering the repatriation of Canadian Guantanamo
detainee Omar Ahmed Khadr. Despite finding that Khadr's
deprivation of liberty at Guantanamo was not in accord with
the principles of fundamental justice, and that Canada
was complicit in his ongoing detention, the Court left the
remedy to the Canadian federal government's discretion.
This based on a theory of 'royal prerogative' inapplicable
on the facts of the case, and an erroneous claim of an
inconclusive record relating to alleged relevant foreign
relations matters.
[source: web.archive.org/web/20120119140132/http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2011/ihl-bibliography-2nd-trimester-2011.pdf,
at
pp. 16 and 19; accessed 15 March 2015]
GRUBB, Tim, Colonel, Canadian Forces Provost Marshall, on Bill
C-15,An Act to
amend the National Defence Act and to make consequential
amendments to other Acts -- this Bill has the Short Title:Strengthening
Military Justice in the Defence of Canada Act:
before the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional
Affairs, issue 37, 23 May 2013, minutes
and evidence;
Harry Grundy
GRUNDY, Harry E., 1906-1978, on him, see :
- voir "...Inauguration d'un service juridique dans la
troisième région d'aviation...Service juridique", Le
devoir, mardi 26 janvier 1943, at p. 2;
available at http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2804853
(accessed 20 August 2018);
- voir aussi: "Service
juridique de l'aviation", La presse, Montréal,
lundi, 25 janvier 1943 à la 17; contient des photos et
des notes biographiques; disponible au permalien http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2962059,
site consulté le 24 février 2020;
____________sur le lieutenant de section H.E. Grundy, voir :
"La 3e région d'entrainement aérien possède maintenant son propre
service juridique", La Tribune, Sherbrooke, mercredi 27
janvier 1943, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3541273
(vérifié le 27 janvier 2019); Me Grundy de Sherbrooke "est
l'officier chargé des cours d'enquete";
"Office of the JAG@JAGCAF19h19 hours
ago Members of
our AJAG Eastern team, Maj Laurent Carignan, Maj Jean-Francois Guay and LCdr Valérie Pagé were
at the Farnham
Garrison in Quebec for firearms training recently, an annual
requirement
for #CAF operational
readiness."
[source of image: twitter.com/JAGCAF/status/1041761866404569088,
accessed 18 September 2018]
GUAY, Jean-François, avocat, membre du Cabinet du
Juge-avocat-général et du Barreau du Québec; travaille au bureau
du juge-avocat adjoint à la Garnison Saint-Jean;
___________photo of Major Jean-François Guay ci-dessous:
, [20 February 2020]
The DJA St-Jean (Maj JF Guay) met yesterday with both OJAG
members undergoing their Basic Military Qualification for
Officers
in St-Jean, Capt Caroline Isabelle and Capt Adam
Plenkiewicz [left].
Their morale is great. All the OJAG is with you!"
GUAY, Rodolphe (Joseph Napoléon Rodolphe), 1873-, Colonel est le
juge-avocat dans la cour martiale d'un Monsieur Guilot (un
civil?), "Vendit de La boisson aux soldats", Le soleil,
Québec, 19 février 1919 à la p. 10, disponible à http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/3507789
(vérifié le 14 mars 2019); la poursuite est représenté par le
capitaine Brodie, le lieutenant Bouchard pour la défense;
GUINDON, P., "Research Essay -- Rules of Engagement", Advanced
Military Studies Course 1, Canadian Forces College, 27 October
1998; available at http://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/260/261/guindon1.pdf
(accessed on 16 November 2014);
GUINN, Nancy,Identification of Service Irritants:
Australia, Canada,
United Kingdom and United States, Personnel Research
Division Air Force Human Resources Laboratory Lackland Air Force
Base, Texas 78236, July 1975, 24 p.; available at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED112148.pdf
(accessed 5 March 2018);
Canada.
In an
effort to improve the Canadian Defense Force, a task
group was appointed to study and pinpoint
areas in which improvements are needed. The areas
identified for further study are listed in Table 4.
Although there was no attempt to identify the relative
importance of the areas or to study the effect
of these irritants on recruitment, job dissatisfaction,
or retention, the list ennumerates areas of
concern about service life in the Canadian forces
similar to those expressed in the other TTCP countries.
For example, dissatisfaction was prevalent among a
considerable number of members on the subjectof
misemployment which contributes to an overall lowering
of morale and inhibition of career progression.
Rather strong opinions surfaced on the
housing/quarters/messing facilities issue for both
married and
single service members. A great deal
of dissatisfaction was also voiced over little
recognition and
compensation for long hours of work, loss of weekends
and family separation, posting and career procedures.[p.
11]
Image source:
, accessed 8 July 2017
Adel Guitouni
GUITOUNI, Adel, Donna Wood, and Defence Research and Development
Canada Valcartier (Quebec), "Command and Control Concepts and
Solutions for Major Events Safety and Security: Lessons Learned
from the Canadian Experience with Vancouver 2010 and G8/G20
Events", June 2011, 36 p.; Notes: Accession number:
ADA546792; see http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA546792
(accessed on 14 December 2013);
Image source:
https://www.halifaxpersonalinjurylawyers.ca/michael-dull,
accessed 14 March 2018
Michael Dull, counsel for the
victim of the assault
...If the U.K. finds it appropriate to pay for the
criminal defence associated with its employees’ actions,
then it is appropriate that it pay
for the significant harms associated with the same
actions.”
....
He [Halifax counsel Michael Dull of the firm Valent
Legal] said it was the U.K. government, the defendant in the
civil suit, that provided
the means and opportunity for its employees to come into
contact with the plaintiff, making the defendant
“vicariously liable for the sexual
assault and battery perpetrated on (the plaintiff) by its
employees.”
GUNN, Captain P.B., was either prosecutor or defence counsel
(research to be done on this point) in the Court martial of Cpl
JJPN Leblanc, 29 February 1982, at Sydney, Nova Scotia, source of
information: MADSEN, C.M.V. (Chris Mark Vedel), Military law and operations, Aurora (Ontario): Canada
Law Book, c2008-, vol. 3;
Image
source:
www.duncker-humblot.de/index.php/national-prosecution-of-international-crimes-nationale-strafverfolgung-volkerrechtlicher-verbrechen.html?q=Canada,
accessed 25 January 2016
GUT, Till, and Max Wolpert, "Prosecution of International Crimes
in Canada" in Albin Eser, Ulrich Sieber, Helmut Kreicker, eds., Nationale
Strafverfolgung völkerrechtlicher Verbrechen / National
Prosecution of International Crimes, volume 5, Freiburg im
Breisgau : Ed. iuscrim, 2005, at pp. 19-87, ISBN: 3861138824
(v. 5 : Max-Planck-Institut) ISBN: 342811776X (v. 5 : Dunker &
Humblot); title noted but article not consulted yet (30
March 2015);
Image source: facebook.com/ManitobaHistoricalSociety/, accessed 3 January 2018
MANITOBA HISTORICAL Society
GYLES, Henry Ffolliott ("Harry"), 1890-1975, legal officer, JAG
with the RCAF
Henry Ffolliott “Harry” Gyles (1890-1975)
Lawyer.
Born at Virden
on 9 August 1890, son of William John Gyles (1862-1944)
and Lavinia Hamilton Rathbone (1867-1945), he was
educated at Virden
School then, from 1908 to 1913, articled in the Winnipeg
law firm of Agnew,
Craig, and Ross. During the
First World War, he served as a Lieutenant in the Royal
Flying Corps and, during the Second World War, as a Judge
Advocate
General in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He practiced law
with his son in the firm of Gyles and Gyles, and was
eventually
made a Queen’s
Counsel (1960).
On 8 October 1919, he married Evelyn Amy Giles at
Winnipeg. They had three children: Shirley Gyles (wife of
Vernon W.
Paul), Nora Gyles (wife of B. J. Henderson), and Harold
F. Gyles. He was a member of St. George’s Anglican
Church,
Charleswood Golf Club, and Winnipeg
Gyro Club (President, 1947-1948).
[source: http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/gyles_hf2.shtml,
accessed 3 October 2018; see "Manitoba Memorable
Manitobans:
Henry Folliott “Harry” Gyles (1890-1975), Manitoba
Historical Society, accessed on 28 January 2018; ]
___________on GYLES, H.F., see "Gyles Cofirmed in Higher Rank", The
Winnipeg Tribune, Friday, 31 October 1941 at p. 8; available
at https://www.newspapers.com/image/..., accessed 21 May 2020;
....
Photo source:
http://www.rmcclub.ca/eVeritas/2006/Issue20/200620.htm, accessed 20
September 2016
The Gynn family with Randy Gynn (2nd from right) and Justice
Walter Goodfellow (center), a former JAG officer (reserve
force).
GYNN, Randy (Randolph), former Cdr (retd) and JAG officer; a 1966
RMC Graduate;
___________anonymous, "Retirement"(May/Jun 1998), 3 JAG
Newsletter --Bulletin d'actualités 2;
Cdr Randy Gynn, AJAG Pacific Region, retired from the
Canadian Forces on 1
Jun 98 after 36 years of dedicated service. After
spending 12 years as a MARS
officer, he reclassified to legal officer, holding many
varied positions, including that
of Military Trial Judge from 1991 to 1995.
Randy Gynn, 1943-2017
___________RandolphJack Austin (Randy) Gynn, Obituary:
GYNN, Randolph (Randy) Jack Austin
September 14, 1943 - October 19, 2017 Our hearts are
broken today. We have lost a wonderful
and loving husband, father, grandfather and friend. Randy
passed away after a courageous battle with cancer. From
the time he was
diagnosed, his motto was "illegitimi non carborundum", and
he lived by those words until Thursday, October 19th at
3:35 a.m. He
leaves to mourn his wife of nearly 50 years, Lyn, son
Jeffrey (Rose), daughter Samantha (Peter), grandchildren
Ryan and Madeline,
the Riddell clan, and many friends. Randy's military
career began at Royal Roads in 1962 and was followed by
graduation from RMC,
Kingston in 1966. He was selected for MLTP in 1973 and
received his law degree from Queens University in 1977.
The law was his
passion and he realized his dream when he was appointed a
judge in 1991. He retired from the Navy in 1998 after 36
years of loyal
service. Not to sit idle, Randy became involved with the
ex-Cadet Club of Vancouver Island, the Commissionaires,
and various
committees at The Union Club. Randy also enjoyed travel,
golf, and following the Blue Jays over a dark rum and Diet
Coke. You
left us beautiful memories Your love is still our guide
And though we cannot see you You're always at our side
Thank you for the
compassionate and tender care we received at Victoria
Hospice. The doctors and nurses are amazing. A celebration
of life will be
held at First Memorial Funeral Chapel, 4725 Falaise Drive,
on Saturday, October 28, at 10a.m. A reception in his
honor will be held
from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. at the Union Club at 805 Gordon
Street. In lieu of flowers, donations could be made to
Victoria Hospice in
Randy's memory.
[source: legacy.com/obituaries/timescolonist/obituary.aspx?n=randolph-jack-austin-gynn-randy&pid=187033928&fhid=12166,
accessed 25 October 2017]
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---
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