sentencing

by / par ©François Lareau, 2009, Ottawa
first put on the internet on 19 september 2009

R. v. Beacon and Modney, (1977) 31 C.C.C. (2d) 56 discuté à (1977) 2 C.L.A.S. side 1, pt. 3 [decision of the Alta. S.C. App. Div.; "Juvenile antecedents should be considered in the preparation of a young offender's pre-sentence report, and in the case of a young offender a custodial sentence should be generally be avoided, but if it is necessary it is undesirable that it should be very long....", Martin's Annual Criminal Code 1980, p. 554];

"R. v. Sanchez-Pino, (1973) 11 C.C.C. (2d) 53; [1973] 2 O.R. 314", (1973) Feb. C.L.A.S. side 1, pt. 1; (1973) Oct. C.L.A.S. side 2, pt. 2 ["R. v. Stafrace [(1972), 10 C.C.C. (2d) 181 (Ont. C.A.)] was distinguished by the Ontario Court of Appeal, in holding, upon an appeal from conviction and sentence: The Trial Judge must consider whether he should apply this section [then s. 662.1, condition and absolute discharge, now 736] to the particular case or whether he should register a conviction. The two considerations are inextricably bound together. An error in principle, in considering judiciously whether to apply s. 662.1, is an error which affects the validity of the conviction: R. v. Sanchez-Pino....", Treemeear's 1971-1986 Criminal Annotations, vol. 2, Carswell, 1986, p. 1312];

"R. v. Zelensky, [1977] 1 W.W.R. 155; (1977) 73 D.L.R. (3d) 596", (1977) Jan. C.L.A.S. side 2, pt. 3;

RACICOT, Jean-Gilles, Sentencing in the Cree Communities of James Bay: A Comparison Exercise, Vald d'Or, 1987;

RANGER, T.C., "Survival after Homicide", (1988) 5 Justice Rep. 4-5 / "Les victimes secondaires d'un homicide", (1988) 5 Actualités 4-5;

RATNER, R.S., "Bilateral Legitimation: The Parole Pendulum" in Nick Larsen, ed., The Canadian Criminal Justice System: An Issues Approach to the Administration of Justice, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 1995, xxiv, 548 p., at pp. 311-335, ISBN: 155130046X; also published in Kevin R.E. McCormick and Livy Visano, eds., Canadian Penology: Advanced Perspectives and Research, Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc., 1992, xii, 460 p., at pp. 1-27, ISBN: 0921627939; (ok reference checked)

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___________"Adult Correctional Services, 1997-1998", (1999) 19(4) Juristat; also published in French / aussi publié en français:

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REISS, Albert J., "New Sentencing Policies and Practices in the USA / Les nouvelles politiques et pratiques américaines en matière de détermination de la peine [article in English]" in Hélènet, ed./sous la direction de, Sentencing = La détermination de la peine, Cowansville (Quebec): Éditions Yvon Blais, 1987, [vi], 253 p. at pp. 135-172, ISBN: 2890736105 (Major papers presented at a National Conference on Sentencing held in Toronto, Ontario from October 16th to the 19th, 1985, and hosted by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice / Principales études présentées lors de la conférence de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice, du 16 au 19 octobre 1985 à Toronto, Ontario, sur le thème de la détermination de la peine); (ok reference checked)

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RENAUD, Gilles, "The Changing Face of Conditional Sentencing: Sentencing as Seen from the Front Lines" in The changing face of conditional sentencing : symposium proceedings, Ottawa : Dept. of Justice Canada, c2000, iii, 87 p., at pp.59-63; note: The symposium was held at the Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, on May 27, 2000; also published in French /aussi publié en français: Text in English and French with French text on inverted pages, "La nature changeante de l'emprisonnement avec sursis: le prononcé de la peine vu des premières lignes" in Nouveau visage de l'emprisonnement avec sursis : compte rendu du symposium, aux pp. 67-72, ISBN: 0662653688; (ok reference checked)

___________"The Conditional Sentence of Imprisonment: Guidance from the Ontario Court of Appeal - A Discussion Paper submitted by Gilles Renaud, Ontario Court of Justice, Cornwall (Ontario), April 27, 1999", 16 p., in Defence Counsel Association Ottawa - Carleton and the County of Carleton Law Association, ed., Criminal Law Conference 1999, April 30-May 01, 1999, [Ottawa] : County of Carleton Law Association and Defence Counsel Association of Ottawa-Carleton, c1999; copy at University of Ottawa; (ok reference checked)

_________"Conditional Sentences of Imprisonment an Overview of the Case Law from Quebec" (April 14, 1997) cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C-41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

________"Conditional Sentences of Imprisonment and Safeguarding the Safety of the Community" (September 3, 1996) cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C- 41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

___________"An Examination of the 'Inescapably Caught' Doctrine", (4 July 2005) 63(4) The Advocate 525-529; (ok reference checked)

___________"A Guide to Probation Conditions After Sentencing Reform" (Bill C-41) cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C- 41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

________"An Overview of the Criteria for the Imposition of a Conditional Sentence of Imprisonment Under Section 742.1 of the Criminal Code" (August 31, 1996), cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C-41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ), 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

___________Principes de la détermination de la peine, Cowansville: Les Éditions Yvon Blais, 2004, 373 p., ISBN: 2894517203;

___________"The Reformed Code of Criminal Restitution: Some Observations", (1996) 54 Advocate 725-732;

___________"The Right to Silence and the Probation Office", (1994) 18 Prov.Judges J. No. 2, 8-11;

___________The Sentencing Code of Canada, Markham: LexisNexis, 2009, lii, 618 p., ISBN: 9780433458364; (ok reference checked)

___________"Les travaux communautaires au Canada: un survol, Partie I", (1993) 25 Ottawa Law Review 155-184;

___________"R. v. Fuller: Time to Brush Aside the Rule Prohibiting Therapeutic Remands, Part I and II", (1993) 35 The Criminal Law Quarterly 91-122 et 156-193;

___________"To ‘Appear before the court when requested to do so by the Court': the Impact of Sentencing Reform", Discussion Paper, Ontario Judges Association, 1996; also published under the title: "To Appear Before the Court When Required to do so by the Court: the Impact of Sentencing Reform", (1996) 20(3) Provincial Judges Journal 23;

___________"Le sursis d'emprisonnement : un survol de la jusrisprudence" (14 avril 1997) cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C-41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

___________" 'Willingness to Make Amends' and the Contents of a Probation Officer's Report", (1999) 163 Newfoundland and P.E.I. Reports 82 and 503 A.P.R. 82;

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"The article examines the changes that have occured in the area of criminal law over a seventy five year period, namely 1921-1996." (P. 80);

"Table of Contents: I. Interrogation...81; A. Voluntariness...81; B. The Charter: Right to Counsel, Right to Silence...89; II. Liability for Homicide...100; A. Substantive Charter Analysis...101; B. Murder...104; C. Manslaughter...105; D. Conclusions Respecting Culpable Homicide...106; III. Victims, Victim Impact Statements, and Offenders...106; A. Victim Impact Statements; B. Clashes with Professionally-defined Rules...108; IV. Conclusion...115;"

___________"Should Victims Participate in Sentencing?", (January-February 1996) 17(1) Policy Options Politiques 13-17; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, JL 1 .P6; (ok reference checked)

"Réponse de l'ACJP au Rapport Daubney. Association canadienne de justice pénale", (1988) 5(4) Actualités 6-8;

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["As part of the Criminal Law Review Phase II project on sentencing, an effort was made over the Spring and Summer of 1983 to assemble recent empirical data related to sentencing practices and trends in Canada. The Department of Justice Canada entered into a contract for this purpose with the Researcg Group, of Toronto. With the generous cooperation of provincial departments, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, the Correctional Service of Canada, and the Secretariat of the Ministry of the Solicitor General Canada, a number of data sources were made available to the Department of Justice and the Research Group....Volume One of the resulting report prepared by the Research Group contains an Overview of all the findings. Volume Two contains nine additional reports relating to specific groupings of Criminal Code offences: Alcohol-related Driving offences; Break and Enter; False Pretences, Forgery and Fraud; Mischief and Wilsful Damage; Possession of Goods Obtained by Crime; Robbery; Theft, and Offences Resembling Theft; Weapons and Firearms Offences; Assault" by E.A. Tollefson, Coordinator, Criminal Law Review, Department of Justice, Ottawa];

Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale, site web, disponible à http://www.ccja-acjp.ca/fr/rcc.html (site visité le 20 avril 2006); aussi disponible en anglais / also available in English: Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice , web site, available at http://www.ccja-acjp.ca/en/cjc.html (accessed on 20 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

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RHODES, J., "New Life for a Tired System - The Prison Library", (1973) 30 Canadian Library Journal 246-249;

RICE, A.C., "Studies on Sentencing : Law Reform Commission of Canada", (1975) 8 Alberta Law Review 483; note: Book review;

RICE, Michael E., "Fixed-Term Sentences for More Than 20 Years Versus Life Imprisonment", (1994) 36 The Criminal Law Quarterly 474-483;

RICE, M.E., G.T. Harris, and V.L. Quinsey, "A Follow-up of Rapists Assesses in a Maximum Security Psychiatric Facility", (1980) 5 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 435-448;

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RICHARDSON, James, Sentencing and Correctional Practices in Atlantic Canada: Views of Probation and Parole Personnel, Ottawa: Department of Justice, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, i, 46 p.(series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission; ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 10); ISBN: 0662158725; also published in French / aussi publié en français : Richardson, James, Pratiques en matière de détermination de la peine et de services correctionnels dans la région de l'Atlantique: points de vue exprimés par le personnel des services de probation et de libération conditionnelle, Ottawa : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, 1988, iii, 67 p. (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 9), ISBN: 0662946758; (ok reference checked)

RICHER, Isabelle, « Le pardon de papier – La Commission nationale des libérations conditionnelles accorde de façon quasi automatique les demandes de pardon qu’elle reçoit. Faut-il s’en inquiéter? », National (revue publiée par le Commité des communications de l’Asasociation du Barreau canadien) 9-10; circa 1995;

__________"Peine de mort, l'ordre et la sécurité publique: étude critique du projet de loi C-84", (1977) 19 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections 230-242;

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RILEY, Paul, "Proportionality as a Guiding Principle in Young Offender Dispositions", (1994) 17 Dalhousie Law Journal 560-586;

RIOPEL, Célyne, "Canada: Déjudiciarisation (diversion) et médiation", (1983) 54(1-2) Revue internationale de droit pénal / International Review of Penal Law 1117-1122; (ok reference checked)

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RIVET, Michèle et GAGNON, Sylvie, "Quelques considérations sur la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec et le droit carcéral", dans Actes des Journées strasbourgeoises de l'Institut canadien d'études juridiques supérieures 1992, Droits de la personne: l'émergence de droits nouveaux: aspects canadiens et européensCowansville, Québec : Éditions Y. Blais, 1993, [viii], 708 p., aux pp. 111-142, ISBN: 2890738582; copie à l'Université d'Ottawa, FTX General, KE 4381 .A66 I57 1992; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, KF4483 C514 1992 I57 -; (ok reference checked)

RIZKALLA, Samir, Sylvie Bellot and Anne Morissette, Research and Consulting Group on Criminology and Administration of Justice, Sentencing: Opinion Survey of Non-jurist Professionals and Practitioners, Ottawa : Department of Justice, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, vii, 180 p.(series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission; ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 9); ISBN: 0662158717; also published in French / aussi publié en français : Rizkalla, Samir, Sylvie Bellot and Anne Morissette, La détermination de la peine: les professionnels et practiciens non-juristes s'expriment, Ottawa : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, 1988, viii, 175 p. (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 9), ISBN: 066294674X; (ok reference checked)

RIZKALLA, Samir, préparé par, et équipe d'organisation et de recherche, Lyse A. Chamberland...[et al.], Le pouvoir discrétionnaire dans le système correctionnel: rapport synthèse de la journée d'étude du 21 mai 1981, [Montréal], Société de criminologie du Québec, [1981], iii, 109 p., 28 cm., dépôt légal: 82-0-1548;

R.L. SLOAN ASS. INC., Victim Impact Statements in Canada: Volume 4 Winnipeg/Déclaration de la victime au tribunal au Canada: volume 4, Winnipeg, Department of Justice Canada, Research Section, Working Document: WD1990- 6a (in English) and WD1990-6b (in French);

___________"A Charter Reality Check: How Relevant Is the Charter to the Justnes of Our Criminal Justice System?", in Jamie Cameron and James Stribopoulos, eds., The Charter and Criminal Justice Twenty-Five Years Later, Markham: LexisNexis, 2008, lxix, 759 p., at pp. 717-759, ISBN: 978-0-433-45803-6;

___________"Conditional Sentences and Net Widening", (2000) 43 The Criminal Law Quarterly 27 or 273-; with the same title in The changing face of conditional sentencing : symposium proceedings, Ottawa : Dept. of Justice Canada, c2000, iii, 87 p. at pp. 25-37; note: The symposium was held at the Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, on May 27, 2000; Text in English and French with French text on inverted pages, Nouveau visage de l'emprisonnement avec sursis : compte rendu du symposium, voir par Kent Roach, "L'emprisonnement avec sursis, la justice réparatrice, l'aggravation des peines et les délinquants autochtones", aux pp. 27-42, ISBN: 0662653688;

_ ________“Conditional Sentencing, Aboriginal Offenders and Net-Widening” in Department of Justice Studies in Sentencing (Ottawa: Dept of Justice, 2001);

__________“Crime and Punishment in the Latimer Case”, (2001) 64(2) Sasktachewan Law Review 469-490, see “Punishment, Mandatory Sentences and Mercy” at pp. 481-487; (ok reference checked)

_________"Crime Victims and Sentencing" in Don Stuart, 1943-, R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., at pp. 496-500, ISBN: 045927077X;

___________"Crime Victims and Substantive Criminal Law" in Don Stuart, 1943-, R.J. Delisle and Allan Manson, eds., Towards a Clear and Just Criminal Law: A Criminal Reports Forum, Scarborough (Ontario): Carswell, Thomson Professional Publishing, 1999, v, 574 p., pp. 219-230, ISBN: 045927077X; part of comments on Professor Don Stuart's draft General Part found at pp. 95-145; (ok reference checked)

___________"Determining Parole Eligibility Dates for Life Prisoners: Lessons from Jury Hearings in Canada", (2002) 4 Punishment and Society 103–113;

___________Due Process and Victims' Rights: The New Law and Politics of Criminal Justice, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999; x, 391 p., ISBN: 0800931X (bound) and 0802079016 (pbk.); (ok reference checked)

___________"Editorial: Mandatory Sentences", (2001) 44(3) The Criminal Law Quarterly 261-263; (ok reference checked)

___________"Editorial: “The Supreme Court and Sentencing’ (1997) 40 The Criminal Law Quarterly 129-130

___________"Editorial: Victim's Rights", (2005) 49(4) The Criminal Law Quarterly 377-378; (ok reference checked)

___________"For a Victim Rights Model of Criminal Justice", (January-February 1996) 17(1) Policy Options Politiques 17-21; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, JL 1 .P6; (ok reference checked)

___________Review of Alan Manson, The Law of Sentencing in (2002) 46 The Criminal Law Quarterly 503-508;

___________Review of David Cayley The Expanding Prison and Ross Green Justice in Aboriginal Communities (2000) 43 The Criminal Law Quarterly 268-272;

___________"The Role of Crime Victims Under the Youth Criminal Justice Act", (2003) 40 Alberta Law Review 965;

___________"Searching for Smith: The Constitutionality of Mandatory Sentences", (2001) 39 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 367-412; (ok reference checked)

___________"Smith and the Supreme Court: Implications for Sentencing Policy and Reform", (1989) 11 Supreme Court Law Reporter 433-479; available at Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1144785 (accessed on 8 July 2008); (ok reference checked)

____________"Using the Williams Question to Ensure Equal Protection for Aboriginal Crime Victims", (2001) 38(2) Criminal Reports (5th) 335-341; (ok reference checked)

___________"Victim's Rights and the Charter", 49(4) The Criminal Law Quarterly 474-516; (ok reference checked)

ROACH, Kent and Jonathan Rudin, "Gladue: The judicial and political reception of a promising decision", (2000) 42 Canadian Journal of Criminology 355-388; (ok reference checked)

ROBERT, Dominique, L'esprit et la lettre. Les libérations conditionnelles au Canada de 1956 à 1992, mémoire de maîtrise, École de Criminologie, Université de Montréal, 1994;

___________Transformation de la notion de danger : le cas des délinquants dangereux au Canada de 1947 à 2000, thèse Ph.D., Université de Montréal, 2002, xvi, 410 p. (annexes); directeur : Landreville, Pierre;

__________"Transformation récentes de la législation fédérale sur la mise en liberté sous condition au Canada. Une lecture à la lumière des Écrits sur la notion de risque", (2001) 34(1) Criminologie 73-99; l'article indique que l'auteure est étudiante au doctorat, à l'École de criminologie, Université de Montréal; les pages 96-97 contiennent de nombreuses références aux débats de la Chambre des Communes; (ok reference checked)

ROBERT, Marie-Pierre, 1977-, La défense culturelle : un moyen de défense non souhaitable en droit pénal canadien, Cowansville (Québec) : Éditions Y. Blais, c2004, xviii, 152 p., voir "La prise en compte des caractéristiques culturelles dans la détermination de la peine", aux pp. 95-111 (Collection; Collection Minerve), ISBN: 2894517394; notes: Présenté à l'origine comme thèse LL.M., Université de Montréal, 2002, dir. de recherches: Prof. Anne-Marie Boisvert; (ok reference checked)

ROBERT, Philippe, "La vengeance, l'État et la peine" (1996) 11 Revue canadienne Droit et société 235-256;

ROBERTS, Julian V., "Conditional Sentencing: Issues and Problems" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 77-97, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

___________"Conditional Sentencing: Sword of Damocles or Pandora's Box?`", (1997) 2 Canadian Criminal Law Review183-206; with the same title in: Patrick Healy and Hélène Dumont, eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal: Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ), 1998, xiii, 417 p., at pp. 301-324, ISBN: 2894000960, available at http://www.ciaj-icaj.ca/english/publications/DP1997/roberts.pdf (accessed on 16 April 2006); note at p. 301: "An earlier version of this paper was delivered to the annual meeting of the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice in Montreal, April, 1997"; (ok reference checked)

____________"Criminal Justice in Canada: An Overview", in Julian V. Roberts and Michelle G. Grossman, eds., Criminal Justice in Canada: A Reader, 3rd ed., Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007, xiv, 321 p., at pp. 2-16, ISBN: 0176424091;(ok reference checked)

___________"Determining Parole Eligibility Dates for Life Prisoners: Lessons from Jury Hearings in Canada", (2002) 4(1) Punishment and Society 103-113; (ok reference checked)

___________"Discovering the Sphinx: Conditional Sentencing After the Supreme Court Judgement in R. v. Proulx", in The changing face of conditional sentencing : symposium proceedings, Ottawa : Dept. of Justice Canada, c2000, iii, 87 p. at pp. 39-52; note: The symposium was held at the Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, on May 27, 2000; Text in English and French with French text on inverted pages, Nouveau visage de l'emprisonnement avec sursis : compte rendu du symposium, voir Julian V. Roberts, "L'énigme du Sphinx: l'emprisonnement avec sursis après l'arrêt de la [sic] R. c. Proulx de la Cour suprême", aux pp. 43-57, ISBN: 0662653688; (ok reference checked)

___________"Early Release from Prison: What Do the Canadian Public Really Think?", (July 1988) 30 Canadian Journal of Criminology 231-249;

__________Empirical research on sentencing, Ottawa: Department Justice Canada, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, v, 81 p., (series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission, ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 1), bibliography: p. 65-76, ISBN: 0662158636; also published in French / aussi publié en français : La recherche sur la détermination de la peine, [Ottawa] : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, 1988, iii, 114 p., (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 1), ISBN: 0662158636; (ok reference checked)

___________"Évolution et conséquence de la réforme de la sentence au Canada", (2001) 33 Sociologie et sociétés 67-83; disponible à http://www.erudit.org/erudit/socsoc/v33n01/roberts/roberts.pdf (visionné le 7 septembre 2002); (ok reference checked)

___________"The Evolution of Conditional Sentencing: An Empirical Analysis", (2002) 3(2) Criminal Reports (6th) 267-283; (ok reference checked)

___________"The Evolution of Penal Policy In Canada", (December 1998) 32(4) Social Policy and Administration 420-437; (ok reference checked)

___________"Harmonizing the Sentencing of Young and Adult Offenders: A Comparison of the Youth Criminal Justice Act and Part XXIII of the Criminal Code", (2004) 46 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 301-326;

___________"The Hunt for the Paper Tiger: Conditional Sentencing After Brady", (1999) 42(1) The Criminal Law Quarterly 38;

___________The influence of race on sentencing patterns in Toronto : draft working paper / report by Julian V. Roberts, [Toronto?] : Commission on Systemic Racism in the Ontario Criminal Justice System, 1994, 36, [23] p.; 28 cm; copy at Ottawa University, KEO 1167.5 .R3 R626 1994 FTX;

___________"L'opinion publique et la détermination de la peine: quelques mythes", (1988) 5(3) Actualités 7-9;

___________"Mandatory Minimum Sentences of Imprisonment: Exploring the Consequences for the Sentencing Process", (2001) 39 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 305-327; (ok reference checked)

___________Mandatory Sentences of Imprisonment in Common Law Jurisdictions: Some Representatives Models: Research Reports, Department of Justice, 2005, 47 p.; available at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/2005/rr05-10/rr05-10.pdf (accessed on 5 November 2005); also published in French / aussi publié en français: Peines d'emprisonnement obligatoires dans les pays de common law : Quelques modèles représentatifs : Rapport de recherche, Ministère de la Justice Canada, 2005, 49 p., available at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/fr/ps/rs/rep/2005/rr05-10/rr05-10.pdf (visionné le 5 décembre 2005); (ok reference checked)

___________"New Data on Sentencing Trends in Provincial Courts", (1995) 34 Criminal Reports (4th) 181-196;

___________"Nine Critical Issues in Conditional Sentencing" in Julian Roberts, ed., Criminal Justice in Canada:A Reader, Toronto: Harcourt Brace & Company Canada, 1999, vii, 307 p., chapter 9, ISBN 0774736615;

___________"Parole for Lifers", in Julian Roberts, ed., Criminal Justice in Canada:A Reader, Toronto: Harcourt Brace & Company Canada, 1999, vii, 307 p., chapter 14, ISBN 0774736615;

___________"Pre-trial Custody, Terms of Imprisonment and the Conditional Sentence: Crediting 'Dead Time' to Effect 'Regime Change' in Sentencing", (2005) 9 Canadian Criminal Law Review 191-213; (ok reference checked)

___________Public Knowledge of Crime and Justice: An Inventory of Canadian Findings, Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 1994;

___________"Public Opinion About Sentencing : Some Popular Myths", (1988) 5(3) Justice Rep. 7-9;

____________"Public opinion and mandatory sentencing", (2003) 20 Criminal Justice and Behaviour 1-26;

___________Public Opinion and Sentencing : The Surveys of the Canadian Sentencing Commission, Ottawa: Department of Justice, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, ii, 89 p.(series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission; ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 19); ISBN: 0662158714; also published in French / aussi publié en français : L'opinion publique et la détermination de la sentence: les sondages de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine, Ottawa : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, 1988, vi, 113 p. (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 19), ISBN: 0662946847; (ok reference checked)

"A substantial component of the Commission's research activities consisted of three nation-wide surveys of public opinion in the area of sentencing. Previous attempts to assess public attitudes have consisted of small samples, or simplistic questions, such as, 'Are the Courts too harsh?' The work of the Commission included experimental manipulations of information, as well as more complex questions than have to this point been used with large samples of the general public. This report contains summaries of all three surveys carried out in 1985 and 1986." (Department of Justice Canada, Research Reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission, [Ottawa]: Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Communications and Public Affairs, Department of Justice Canada, 1988, [15] p., at p. 12, ISBN: 0662556534; also published in French (text in English an French on inverted pages) / aussi publié en français (texte en français et en anglais disposé tête-bêche) : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine, [Ottawa]: Ministre de la Justice et procureur général du Canada, Direction des communications et affaires publiques, Ministère de la Justice du Canada, 1988, [15] p., aux pp. 12-13, ISBN: 0662556534)

___________ "Public Opinion and Youth Justice", in Michael Tonry and Anthony N. Doob, eds., Youth Crime and Youth Justice: Comparative and Cross-National Perspectives, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004, ix, 633 p., at pp. 495-542 (series; Crime and Justice; A Review of Research; Edited by Michael Tonry; volume 31), ISBN: 0226808653 and 0226808661 (pbk.); copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, HV 6001 C67 v. 31; (ok reference checked)

___________"Public Opinion, Criminal Record, and the Sentencing Process", (1996) 39 American Behavioural Scientist 488-499;

___________"Reforming Sentencing and Parole in Canada", in Michael Tonry Michael Tonry , ed., Penal reform in Overcrowded times, New York : Oxford University Press, 2001, xv, 218 p., at pp. 227 to approx. 231, ISBN: 0195141245 and 0195141253 (pbk.);

___________"The Role of Criminal Record in the Sentencing Process" in M. Tonry, ed., Crime and Justice. A review of Research, vol. 22, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997, at pp. 300-;

___________"Sentencing in Canada: the Context for Reform", (July 1990) 32 Canadian Journal of Criminology 381-385;

___________Sentencing in the Media : A Content Analysis of English-language Newspapers in Canada, Ottawa : Department of Justice, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, iv, 35 p.(series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission; ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 20); ISBN: 0662158714; also published in French / aussi publié en français : La détermination de la peine dans les médias : une analyse de contenu des journaux de langue anglaise au Canada, Ottawa : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, 1988, iv, 45 p. (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 20), ISBN: 0662946855; (ok reference checked)

___________"Sentencing juvenile offenders in Canada: An analysis of recent reform legislation", (2003) 19(4) Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 413-434;

___________"Sentencing, Parole, and Psychology”, in Regina A. Schuller and R.P. Ogloff, eds., Introduction to psychology and law : Canadian perspectives, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, c 2001, xiii, 565 p., at pp. 188-213, ISBN: 0802042759 and 080208110X (pbk.); copy at the Supreme Court of Canada Library, Ottawa, call number K346 I58 2001; copy also at the University of Ottawa, FTX General, K 346 .I575 2001; (ok reference checked)

.
___________Sentencing Patterns in Cases of Sexual Assault, Ottawa, Ontario : Communications and Public Affairs, Department of Justice Canada, c1991, xv, 108 p. (series; Report ; no. 3), includes bibliographical references at pp. 101-108, ISBN: 066218842X; also published in French / aussi publié en français: Modèles de determination de la peine dans les affaires d'agression sexuelle; article écrit pour le Colloque «État, accusés, victimes», Faculté de droit (Droit civil), Université d'Ottawa, 11 mars 1994 (comité organisateur constitué des professeurs de la Faculté de droit: Alain-François Bisson, André Jodouin, Marine du Peloux et du Professeur Alvaro Pirez du département de criminologie);

___________"Sentencing, Public Opinion and the News Media", (1995) 26 Revue générale de droit 115-125

[Table of Contents: Introduction; I. Previous Research on Crime Stories in the News Media; II. The Study; III. Findings: A. Crimes Against the Person vs. Crimes Against Property; B. Dispositions Reported in the Newspapers; C. Purposes of Sentencing Mentioned by Newspapers; D. Minimum Penalties, Maximum Penalties and Average Sentences; E. Proportionality in Sentencing; F. Newspaper Treatment of Manslaughter: A Case Study; G. News Media Coverage of Sentencing Reform; H. Escalating Public Demands for Punitiveness; IV. Discussion and Conclusion: A. Formation of Public Opinions; B. Conclusion]

___________“Sentencing Reform: The Canadian Approach”, (March / April 1997) 9(5) Federal Sentencing Reporter 245;

___________Sentencing Research in Canada: A Review of the Literature, 1969-1984, Ottawa: The Canadian Sentencing Commission, 1985;

___________"Sentencing Research in Canada", (1999) 41(2) Canadian Journal of Criminology 225;

__________"Sentencing Scholarship and Sentencing Reform [also reviewing the following two books] A. Manson, The Law of Sentencing…2001…[and] A. Manson, P. Healy & G. Trotter, Sentencing and Penal Policy in Canada: Cases, Materials, and Commenary…2000…", (2001) 46 McGill Law Journal 1163-1171; (ok reference checked)

__________"Sentencing Trends and Sentencing Disparity" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 137-159, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

___________"Seving Time at Home", in Julian V. Roberts and Michelle G. Grossman, eds., Criminal Justice in Canada: A Reader, 3rd ed., Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007, xiv, 321 p., at pp. 155-166, ISBN: 0176424091; (ok reference checked)

__________"Statutory Sentencing Reform: The Purpose and Principles of Sentencing", (1995) 37 The Criminal Law Quarterly 220;

__________"Unearthing the Sphinx: The Evolution of Conditional Sentencing", (2001) 80(3) The Canadian Bar Review 1019-1034; (ok reference checked)

__________"Utlilitarianism versus Desert in the Sentencing Process", (1999) 4 Canadian Criminal Law Review 143-155;

__________"Victim Impact Statements and the Sentencing Process: Recent Developments and Research Findings", (2003) 47(3) The Criminal Law Quarterly 365-396; (ok reference checked)

___________The Virtual Prison, Community Custody and the Evolution of Imprisonment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN: 0521536448;

ROBERTS, Julian V., D.H. Antonowicz and T. Sanders, "Conditional Sentences of Imprisonment: An Empirical Analysis of Optional Conditions", (2000) 30 Criminal Reports (5th) 113-125;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Nicholas Bala, "Understanding Sentencing Under the Youth Criminal Justice Act", (2003), 41(2) Alberta Law Review 395 to approx. 424;
.

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Andy Birkenmayer, "Sentencing in Canada: Recent Statistical Trends", (1997) 39(4) Canadian Journal Criminology 459-482;

ROBERTS Julian V. and David P. Cole, 1948-, "Introduction to Sentencing and Parole" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 3-30, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

___________"Sentencing and Early Release Arrangements for Offenders Convicted of Murder" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 277-294, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian V. and N. Crutcher and P. Verbrugge, "Public Attitudes to Criminal Justice in Canada: Some recent findings", (2005) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and A.N. Doob, "Race, Ethicity and Criminal Justice in Canada", in Michael Tonry and R. Hood, eds., Ethnicity, crime, and immigration : comparative and cross-national perspectives, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997, viii, 551 p. (series; Crime and justice, ISSN 0192-3234; v. 21), ISBN: 0226808270 (cloth) and 0226808289 (pbk.);

___________"Sentencing and Public Opinion: Taking False Shadows for True Substances", (1989) 27 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 491;

ROBERTS, Julian V., Anthony N. Doob and Voula Marinos, Centre of Criminology at the University of Ottawa, with the assistance of Carol La Prairie, Judge David Cole, and Tracy Perry, Judicial Attitudes to Conditional Terms of Imprisonment: Results of a National Survey, Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, April 2000, 47 p. (series; research report; RR2000-10E); as seen at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/rr00-10e.pdf on 25 December 2000; summary document at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/rr00-6e.html; also published in French / aussi publié en français: Attitude des juges face 'a la condamnation avec sursis: r/sultats du sondage national, Ottawa: Ministère de la Justice Canada, avril 2000, 48 p. (Collection; Rapports techniques; RR2000-10F); tel que constaté à http://canada.justice.gc.ca/fr/ps/rs/rap/rr00-10f.pdf le 25 décembre 2000; sommaire à http://canada.justice.gc.ca/fr/ps/rs/rap/rr00-10f.html; (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Edna Erez, "Communication in Sentencing: Exploring the Expressive Function of Victim Impact Statement", (2004) 10 International Review of Victimology 223-244; copy at the University of Ottawa, MRT Periodicals, HV 6250 I58; (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Thomas Gabor, "The Impact of Conditional Sentencing: Decarceration and Widening of the Net", (2003) 8 Canadian Criminal Law Review 33-49; (ok reference checked)

___________"Living in the shadow of prison: Lessons from the Canadian experience in decarceration", (2004) 44(1) British Journal of Criminology 92-112;

ROBERTS, Julian and C. Grimes, "Adult Criminal Court Statistics - 1998/99", (2000) Juristat 1;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Andrew J.A. Hastings, "Sentencing in Cases of Hate-Motivated Crime: An Analysis of Subparagraph 718.2(a)(i) of the Criminal Code", (2001) 27(1) Queen's Law Journal 93-127; (ok reference checked)

Contents: I. Justifying a Sentencing Premium for Hate crimes. II. Two Principal Justifications Cited for a Sentencing Premium in Cases of Hate Crime. III. Impact of Codification of the Hate Crime Sentencing Factor. IV. Quantum of Enhancement That Results From Application of Subparagraph 718.2(a)(i). V. Degree of Motivation Necessary to Justify an Enhanced Sentence. VI. Exploring an Alternative Model: Hate Aggravation as Opposed to Racial Motivation: A. Consequences of Racial Aggravation; B. Racial Hostility Established by Reference to the Reporting Officer, Victim or Witness. VII. Is There a Need t Expand the Ambit of the Provision? Conclusion

ROBERTS, Julian and Patrick Healy, "The Future of Conditional Sentencing", (2001) 44(3) The Criminal Law Quarterly 309-341; (ok reference checked)

___________"Recent Developments in Conditional Sentencing", (2001) Canadian Bar Review 1035;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and M. Hough, Understanding Public Attitudes to Criminal Justice, Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2005;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Joe Hudson, eds., Evaluating justice : Canadian policies and programs, Toronto, Ont. ; Lewiston, N.Y. : Thompson Educational Pub., c. 1993, Includes bibliographical references (pp. [265]-284) and index, ISBN: 1550770446;

ROBERTS, Julian V., Cathy Hutchison and Rebecca Jesseman, "Supervising Conditional Sentence Orders: The Perceptions and Experiences of Probation Officers in Ontario", (2005) Criminal Reports (6th) 107-119; (ok reference checked)

___________"Sentencing Circles: Unanswered Questions", (1996) 39 The Criminal Law Quarterly 69-83;

ROBERTS, J.V., L. Maloney and R. Vallis, A Study of Offenders' Perceptions of Conditional Sentencing, Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 2003;

ROBERTS, J.V. and A. Manson, "The Future of Conditional Sentencing: Perspectives of Appellate Judges", Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 2004;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Ronald Melchers, "The Incarceration of Aboriginal Offenders: Trends from 1978 to 2001", (April 2003) 45(2) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 211-242; (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian and Renate Mohr, eds., Confronting Sexual Assault: A Decade of Legal and Social Change, Toronto, Toronto University Press, 1994;

"In this work, the editors examine the reform legislation introduced in Canada in 1983 with the purpose of changing the treatment of victims os sexual assault and the processing of cases in courts. They review a decade of action, up to the consultation process that contributed to the 1992 legislative changes. The book makes it clear that the issue can be understood and dealt with effectively only through an integrated appraoch, incorporating both sociological and legal perspectives" by/par Tom Gabor et André Normandeau, (1994) 36 Revue canadienne de criminologie/Canadian Journal of Criminology 504;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Laura Neville, Conditional sentencing : an annotated bibliography with particular emphasis on Canada : document prepared for the Department of Justice Canada, [Ottawa : Dept. of Justice, 1998], 81 p.;

ROBERTS, Julian V., J. Nuffield and R. Hann, "Parole and the public: Attitudes and behavioural responses", (2000) 1 Empirical and Applied Criminal justice Research 1-29;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Kent Roach, "Conditional Sentencing and the Perspectives of Crime Victims: A Socio-Legal Analysis", (Spring 2005) 30(2) Queen's Law Journal 560-600; (ok reference checked)

___________"Restorative Justice in Canada: From Sentencing Circles to Sentencing Principles" in A. von Hirsch et al., eds., Restorative and Criminal Justice, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2002, pp. 237-256;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Loretta J. Stalans, "Crime, Criminal Justice, and Public Opinion", in The handbook of crime & punishment, New York : Oxford University Press, 1998, xiv, 803 p., at pp. 31 to 57 approx.;

___________Public Opinion, Crime and Criminal Justice, Boulder (Colorado): Westview Press, 1997, x, 337 p. (series; Crime & society), ISBN: 0813323185;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Loretta J. Stalans, D. Indemaur and M. Hough, Penal populism and public opinion : lessons from five countries, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2003, xi, 244 p., (series; Studies in crime and public policy0, ISBN: 0195136233; copy ay Ottawa University, MRT General, HV 8708 .P46 2003;

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Philip Stenning, "Empty Promises: Parliament, The Supreme Court, and the Sentencing of Aboriginal Offenders", (2001) 64 Saskatchewan Law Review 137;

___________"The Sentencing of Aboriginal Offenders in Canada: A Rejoinder", (2002) 65(2) Saskatchewan Law Review 75-95; (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Simon Verdun-Jones, “Directing Traffic at the Crossroads of Criminal Justice and Mental Health: Conditional Sentencing after the Judgment in Knoblauch”, (2001-2002) 39 Alberta Law Review 788-809; (ok reference checked)

ROBERTS, Julian V. and Andrew von Hirsch, "Legislating the Purpose and Principles of Sentencing", in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 48-62, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

___________"Conditional Sentences of Imprisonment and the Fundamental Principle of Proportionality in Sentencing", (1998) 10 Criminal Reports (5th) 222-231;

___________"Sentencing Reform in Canada: Recent Developments", (1992) 23 Revue générale de droit 319-355; good summary / très bon résumé des dévelopements; (ok reference checked)

__________"Statutory Sentencing Reform: The Purpose and Principles of Sentencing", (1995) 37 The Criminal Law Quarterly 220-242;

ROBERTS, J.V. and N.R. White, "Public Estimates of Recidivism Rates: Consequences of a Criminal Stereotype", (1986) 28 Canadian Journal of Criminology 229-241;

ROBERTS, Tim, An Assessment of Victim Fine Surcharge in British Columbia / Évaluation de la suramende compensatoire en Colombie-Britannique, Focus Consultants, Victoria, Department of Justice Canada, (series; Working Document WD1992- 15E) (version anglaise) et WD1992-15f (version française)), August 1992 mentioned in Justice Research Notes/Justice notes de recherche, no. 6, Nov. 1993, ISSN 1181-9243;

__________Evaluation of the victim-offender mediation project, Langley, B.C., Ottawa: Solicitor General of Canada, 1995;

ROBERTS, Focus Consultants, Feb. 1992, Assessment of the Victim Impact Statement Program in British Columbia/Évaluation du programme sur la déclaration de la victime en Colombie-Britannique, published by Department of Justice Canada, Research Section as Working Document: WD1992-15e and WD1992-15f mentioned in "Justice Research Notes/Justice notes de recherche", no. 6, Nov. 1993, ISSN 1181-9243;

ROCHON, Gillaine S., La pratique du pardon au Canada (selon la Loi sur le casier judiciaire), thèse pour le MA, Université d'Ottawa, janvier 1988;

ROCK, The Honourable Allan, Minister of Justice & Attorney General of Canada, "Keynote Address: Crime, Punishment and Public Expectations", in Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice/Institut canadien d'administration de la justice, Public Perception of the Administration of Justice - Papers presented at a Conference Held in Banff, Alta, Oct. 11-14 1995/L'administration de la justice: la perception du public - Textes présentés lors d'un colloque tenu à Banff, Alb., du 11 au 14 oct. 1995, ed./sous la direction de Jean Maurice Brisson and/et Donna Greschner, Montreal: Éditions Thémis, 1996, xiii, 433 p., ISBN: 2894000839, copy at Ottawa University, Fauteux Library, KE8200.Z85P826 1996, pp. 185-193;

1. Public perception of crime and reality; 2. Sentencing in particular Bill C-41, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (Sentencing) and other Acts in Consequence Thereof, L.C. 1995, c. 22; the reasons for the bill were: "Greater clarity, less disparity and more room for innovation"; examines the bill; 3. High risk offenders and dangerous offenders; 4. Crime prevention; [subjects summary by François Lareau]

ROCK, P., A View from the Shadows: The Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada and the Making of the Justice for Victims of Crime Initiative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986;

ROGERS, S. and C. Carey, Child-Care Needs of Female Offenders: A Comparison of Incarcerates And Probationers, Toronto: Ministry of Correctional Services Ontario, 1979; note: Project 176;

ROGERS, Richard and Elizabeth Lynett, "The Role of Canadian Psychiatry in Dangerous Offender Testimony", (1991) 36 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 79-84; good bibliography on the subject;

RONDINELLI, Vincenzo, Book Review, "Practically Speaking to Sentence", (2005) 25(6) For the Defence 42; published by the Criminal Lawyers Association; book review of Speaking to Sentence: A Practical Guide by Gilles Renaud, Carswell, 2004; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, Periodicals; (ok reference checked)

___________Book Review, "Sentencing Drug Offenders", (2005) 26(2) For the Defence 40; review of Simon Armstrong, Andrew Sabbadini, Adam Boni and Steve Coroza, Sentencing Drug Offenders, Canada Law Book, 2004; (ok reference checked)

___________"Using the R. v. Fice Decision to Curb Probation Orders", (February 2006) 27(1) For the Defence -- Criminal Lawyers' Association Newsletter 35-37; (ok reference checked)

ROSBOROUGH, Bart, "Ancillary orders" in National Criminal Law program (1998: Victoria, B.C.), [ed.], National Criminal Law Program, The Federation of Law Societies of Canada, Victoria : Federation of Law Societies, 1998, volume 2 of 2; information from http://gate.library.ualberta.ca/ (The GATE: NEOS Libraries' Catalogue) as seen on 11 November 2000; (ok reference checked)

ROSEN, Philip, Bill C-71 : Criminal Records Act ammendments, [Ottawa] : Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1992, 9 p. ; 28 cm., (SERIES: Legislative summary ; LS-127E); aussi disponible en français: Projet de loi C-71 : Loi modifiant la Loi sur le casier judiciaire;

_________ Les condamnations injustifiées dans le système de justice pénale, Ottawa: Librairie du Parlement, Direction de la recherche parlementaire, 1992, 14 f. (Collection; Études générales ; BP-285F); also published in English/aussi publié en anglais;

ROSENBERG, Marc, "Recent Developments in Sentencing", a paper prepared for the National Judicial Institute's Supreme Court of Nova Scotia Education Seminar in Halifax, February 25-26, 1999;

___________"Sentence Appeals to the Court of Appeal", 1991, Current Issues in Criminal Law;

ROSENBERG, R., "Developments in Sentencing: the Legal Framework", National Judicial Institute Seminar, Newfoundland, June 2000;

ROSENBLATT, Ellen, Violent offences against persons study : Part 1 : a comparison between hospitalized offenders and penitentiary inmates [S.l. : s.n.], 1972, xii, 57 leaves; notes: "Project no. 699 803". Part II of this study is 'Confidential' & has been forwarded to 'Records'; / prepared by Ellen Rosenblatt for the Department of the Solicitor General ; [under the direction of] Cyril Greenland,

ROSENFELD, Erika, Process, Policy and Prejudice: A Survey of Editorial Policies on Sentencing-Related News, Ottawa: Department of Justice, Policy, Programs and Research Branch, Research and Development Directorate, 1988, xi, 57 p.(series; Research reports of the Canadian Sentencing Commission; ISSN: 0836-1797; volume 13); ISBN: 066215875X; also published in French / aussi publié en français : Rosenfeld, Erika, Recherche sur les stratégies et pratiques des médias en matière d'information judiciaire, Ottawa : Ministère de la Justice Canada, Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Direction de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, 1988, ii, 61 p. (Collection; Rapports de recherche de la Commission canadienne sur la détermination de la peine; ISSN: 0836-1800; volume 13), ISBN: 0662946790; (ok reference checked)

ROSS, R., "Leaving Our White Eyes Behind: The Sentencing of Native Accused", (1989) 3 C.N.L.R. 1;

___________"Victims and Criminal justice: Exploring the Disconnect", (2002) 46 The Criminal Law Quarterly 483;

ROSS, R.R. (Robert Robertson), 1933-, and Tonia G. Barker, Incentives and disincentives : a review of prison remission systems, [Ottawa] : Solicitor General Canada, Ministry Secretariat, [1986], 2, iv, 68 p. (series; User report / Programs Branch; no. 1986-33); also published in French / aussi publié en français: Incitation et dissuasion : étude des régimes de réduction de peine en milieu carcéral, [Ottawa] : Solliciteur général Canada, Secrétariat du Ministère, [1986], 2, iv, [1], 68 p. (Collection; Rapport pour spécialistes / Direction des programmes ; no 1986-33);

ROSS, R. R. (Robert Robertson), 1933-, and Paul Gendreau, Effective Correctional Treatment, Toronto: Butterworths, 1980;

___________Offender change: an effective alternative to incarceration, [Ottawa]: Solicitor General Canada, Ministry Secretariat, [1984], 41 p., (series; User report / Programs Branch; no. 1984-31);

ROSS, Robert R., 1933-, and Nancy McConkey, Behavior modifiction with the offender : an annotated bibliography, Ottawa; available through the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections, 1975, 81 p.;

ROSS, Robert R., ed., Prison Guard/Correctional Officer: The Use and Abuse of the Human Resources of Prisons, Butterworths, 1981, ISBN: 0409863203;

ROSS, Rupert, “Gladue Could Make It! Victims, Sentencing and ‘The Blunt Broad Axe of the Criminal Law’”, (1999), unpublished;

___________“Duelling Paradigms? Western Criminal Justice Versus Aboriginal Community Healing” in Richard Gosse, James Youngblood Henderson, and Roger Carter, eds., Continuing Poundmaker and Riel’s Quest, Saskatoon: Purich Publishing, 1994;

___________ "Restorative Justice: Exploring the Aboriginal Paradigm", (1995) 59 Saskatchewan Law Review 43;

ROSSI, Catherine, "Les proches des victimes d'homicide: des victimes à double visage?", (Janvier-mars 2006) 59 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique 21-39; (ok reference checked)

ROY, Pierre-Georges, «Les bourreaux de Québec sous le régime français», (1923) 29 Bulletin des recherches historiques 3-12;

___________"Crimes et peines sous le régime français", (1916) XVIII Revue canadienne, nouvelle 70- 78, 250-256, 260?-263?, 314-326;

___________"La punition des crimes autrefois", (1939) 45 Bulletin des recherches historiques 50-51;

__________ "La punition des faux monayeurs sous le régime français", (1915) 21 Bulletin des recherches historiques 348-349;

___________"Une exécution capitale dans la porte de Québec en 1663", (1923) 29 Bulletin des recherches historiques. 137;

ROY, Yvan, "Le contrôle de l'action pénale", titre et article anticipés du conférencier pour le Colloque «État, accusés, victimes», Faculté de droit (Droit civil), Université d'Ottawa, 11 mars 1994 (comité organisateur constitué des profeseurs de la Faculté de droit: Alain-François Bisson, André Jodouin, Marine du Peloux et du Professeur Alvaro Pirez du département de criminologie;

R.S. SLOAN ASSOCIATES INC., Victim Impact Statements in Canada, Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada, 1990;

RUBEL, Howard, "Victim Participation in Sentencing Proceedings", (1986) 28 The Criminal Law Quarterly 226-250;

RUBY, Clayton C., 1942-, "Commentary: Unresolved Issues in Sentencing" in Sandra Oxner (ed.), Criminal Justice: Papers Prepared for Presentation at the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice Conference on Criminal Justice Held at Halifax, October 28, 29 and 30m 1981, Toronto: Carswell, 1982, ISBN: 0459349708, pp. 181-184;

___________"Foreword" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. vii-viii, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

___________"Range of Sentence", (1985-86) 28 The Criminal Law Quarterly 447-453;

___________Sentencing, 5th ed., Toronto and Vancouver: Butterworths, 1999, lxi, 912 p., ISBN: 0433415827; previous edition, 4th, 1994; (ok reference checked);

__________"Sentencing and the Impact of the Constitution / Les répercussions de la constitution canadienne sur la détermination de la peine [article in English]" in Hélène Dumont, ed./sous la direction de, Sentencing = La détermination de la peine, Cowansville (Quebec): Éditions Yvon Blais, 1987, [vi], 253 p. at pp. 13-24, ISBN: 2890736105 (Major papers presented at a National Conference on Sentencing held in Toronto, Ontario from October 16th to the 19th, 1985, and hosted by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice / Principales études présentées lors de la conférence de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice, du 16 au 19 octobre 1985 à Toronto, Ontario, sur le thème de la détermination de la peine); (ok reference checked)

RUBY, Clayton, 1942-, Jill Copeland, Breese Davies, Delmar Doucette and Richard Litkoski, Setencing, 6th ed., Markham (Ontario): LexisNexis Butterworths, 2004, lxix, 958 p., ISBN: 0433443162; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KF9685 R82 2004; (ok reference checked)

RUBY, Clayton and Diane Martin; contributing digesters, Maryellen Symons, Criminal Sentencing Digest, Toronto: Butterworths, 1993-, ISBN: 0409912425 and 0409912417 (updates), loosefeaf; research note continued by Nemet-Brown, Canada criminal sentencing digest / Détermination de la peine, abrégé de jurisprudence, 2nd ed., Markham (Ontario): LexisNexis Canada, 2006-, looseleaf, 2 volumes, ISBN: 0433451521;

RUDIN, Jonathan, "Aboriginal Over-representation and R. v. Gladue: Where We Were, Where We Are and Where We Might Be Going", in Jamie Cameron and James Stribopoulos, eds., The Charter and Criminal Justice Twenty-Five Years Later, Markham: LexisNexis, 2008, lxix, 759 p., at pp. 687-713, ISBN: 978-0-433-45803-6; (ok reference checked)

___________"Alternative Sentencing", in Patrick Healy and Hélène Dumont, eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal: Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., at pp. 215-223, ISBN: 2894000960; Contents: "1. Where is the Interest in Alternative Sentencing Coming From...217; II. Two perspectives...218; III. Sentencing Circles...220; IV. Family Group Conferencing...222"; available at http://www.ciaj-icaj.ca/english/publications/DP1997/rubin.pdf (accessed on 16 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

___________"Sentencing Alternatives" in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 295-316, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

RUDIN, Jonathan and Kent Roach, "Broken Promises: A Response to Stenning and Roberts' 'Empty Promises' ", (2002) 65(2) Saskatchewan Law Review 3-34; (ok reference checked)

RUDNER, Karen L., traduction Marie-Josée Rosset, Solutions de rechange aux peines traditionnelles applicables aux adultes, aux autochtones et aux jeunes contrevenants, Ottawa : Centre de recherche et d'enseignement sur les droits de la personne, 1997; copie à la Cour suprême du Canada; also published in English/aussi publié en anglais;

RUEMPER, Wendy Elizabeth, Formal and Informal Social Control of Incarcerated women in Ontario, 1857 to 1931, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Torronto, 1994. 578 p.

___________"Locking Them Up: Incarcerating Women in Ontario 1857-1931" in L.A. Knafla and S.W. Binnie, eds., Law, Society and the State, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995, p. 351;

RUHL, Monika J., 1959-, Dangerous sexual offender legislation in Canada, Thesis (M.A.), University of Ottawa, 1986, v, 72 leaves;.

RUPERT, Jake, "Helping pedophiles -- before they offend. ROH psychiatrist Dr. Paul Federoff wants to stamp out pedophilia, but he needs to get to these people as soon as possible", The Ottawa Citizen, Saturday, 11 June 2005, pp. E1 and E10-E11; the title at p. E10 is "Men come forward to ask for help"; (ok reference checked)

RUPKALVIS, Kristina, "An Assessment of Rehabilitation in Correctional Services: The Case of Juvenile Programmes", (1979-81) 1-3 Canadian Criminology Forum 32-38;

RUSSELL, Paul, "Cruel and Unusual Treatment or Punishment: The Use of Section 12 in Prison Litigation", (1985) 43 University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review 185;

RUSSON, Gordon W., Senior Psychiatrist, Corrections Branch, Department of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Saskatchewan, "Treatment" in W.T. McGrath, ed., Executice Secretary, Canadian Corrections Association), Crime and Its Treatment in Canada, Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1965 (first paperback printing in 1970), pp. 410-429;

RUYGROK, "Outside Looking In: A Victim's Perspective on Reform", (1988) 5(4) Justice Rep. 16-17; also published in French / aussi publié en français: "Vue de dehors: une victime jette un regard sur la réforme pénale", (1988) 5(4) Actualités 16-17;

RYAN, H.R.S. (H. Suart S.), "The Impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on the Canadian Correctional System", (1983) 1 Canadian Human Rights Yearbook 99 and 149-165;

___________"Loss of Civil and Political Rights on Conviction of Criminal Offence", (1962-63) 5 The Criminal Law Quarterly 470-496;

___________"Principles of Sentencing and Disposition" (1975) 7 Ottawa Law Review 271;

RYAN, Stuart S., "Loss of Civil and Political Rights on Conviction of a Criminal Offence", (1962-63) 5 The Criminal Law Quarterly 470; [see also in Toronto : John Howard Society of Ontario, 1962, 15 p., <1> leaf of plates : ill. ; 24 cm; also Joyceville journal. - March 1962];

SACCHITELLE, Robert, "Aspect administratif des sentences", dans BARREAU DU QUÉBEC, Formation permanente, Cours 74, La sentence et le pardon: aspects juridiques, administratifs, sociaux et humanitaires, [Montréal] : Éditions Y. Blais, c1983, aux pp. 39-57;

SAGA, C.L., "Regulatory Offences, infractions and Alternative Compliance Measures", (1984) 42 University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review 25-40;

SAKOWSKI, Marie Hélène, 1954-, Who controls the controllers : a study of women guards working in Canadian prisons for men, Thesis (M.A.), Queen's University at Kingston, 1990;

SALEH-HANNA, Viviane, Penal abolition: an ideological and practical venture against criminal (in)justice and victimization, Thesis (M.A.), Simon Fraser University, 2000; copy at Library and Archives Canada, microform;

SALHANY, Roger E., Canadian Criminal Procedure, 6th ed., Toronto: Canada Law Book, 1999, see chapter 8;

___________"R. v. Sadowski (Note)", (1967-68) 10 The Criminal Law Quarterly 370-372 , [1968] O.R. 133, [deals with then s. 637(1)(a), recognizances to keep the peace, binding over person convicted];

___________"Sentencing for Offences Committed While on Parole (Note)", (1965-66) 8 The Criminal Law Quarterly 10-11;

SALVATORI, Peter E., "Criminal Law - Criminal Negligence - Punishment", (1980) 58 Canadian Bar Review / Revue du Barreau canadien 660-685;

SAMPSON, Fiona, "Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Women With Disabilities", (2001) 39 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 589-609; (ok reference checked)

SAMRA, Joti, Parole decision-making: cognitive biases and consistency in recommendations for conditional release suitability, Thesis (M.A.), University of Regina, 1997, xvi, 278 leaves;

SAMUELSON, Les, "Social Reproduction and Social Control: A Political Economy of Sentencing Reform in Canada" in Les Samuelson and Bernard Schissel, editors, Criminal Justice: Sentencing Issues and Reform, Toronto: Garamond Press; Saskatoon : Social Research Unit, Dept. of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, c1991, 352 p., at pp. 59-80, ISBN: 092005903;

SAMYN, Paul, "Minister hints pedophile case inspired law. Abductions are 'kinds of situations' repeat-offender bill intends to stop", The Ottawa Citizen, 18 October 2006, p. A8; case of Peter Whitmore in 2006; legislation tabled in the House of Commons on 17 October 2006; (ok reference checked)

SANDERS, T. and Julian V. Roberts, "Conditional Sentencing: Results of a National Survey of the Canadian Public", (2000) 32 Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 199;

SANDLER, Mark J., "Recurring Problems in Speaking to Sentence", 7 p. [10p.], in A Young Lawyers' Division Ontario Workshop, Criminal Law - Emergency Situations, Saturday, May 14, 1988, Chair.: Brian J. Gover, Toronto: Canadian Bar Association - Ontario, Continuing Legal Education, 1988, copy at the S.C.C. Library: KF 9219 A2 Y52;

SANDLER, Mark and Leslie Kaufman, "Getting the Best Result: The Effective and Persuasive Sentencing Package" in Criminal Law Update 2002, Toronto: Ontario Bar Association, 2002, 1 volume, various pagings, at Tab 1, 16, [4] p.; copy at the Library of the Supreme Court of Canada, KF9220 ZA2 C7531 2002; (ok reference checked)

SANDLER, Mark J. and Christopher Sherrin, "Developments in Criminal Law: The 1999-2000 Term", (2000) 13 The Supreme Court Law Review (2nd series) 167-209, see the discussion on “Conditional Sentences” at pp. 167-191; (ok reference checked)

SANGSTER, Joan, "Pardon Tales from a Magistrate's Court: Women, Crime and the Court in Peterborough County Court, 1920-1950", (1993) 74 Canadian Historical Review161;

___________"Reforming Women's Reformatories: Elizabeth Fry, Penal Reform, and the State, 1950-1970", (June 2004) 85(2) Canadian Historical Review 227-252;

SANKOFF, Peter, "R. V. Charland - A Lost Opportunity to Clarify Corbett and the Use of an Accused's Criminal Record", (1998) 12 Criminal Reports (5th) 228;

SASKATCHEWAN, Department of Justice, Corrections, Intensive Supervision Program : electronic monitoring: a community-based sentencing option, 1997, folded Sheet;

___________ Department of Justice Saskatchewan, “Getting Smart about Getting Tough”: Saskatchewan’s Restorative Justice Initiative, 1997;

___________Government of, Corrections and Public Safety, web site, at http://www.cps.gov.sk.ca/Corrections/ (accessed on 27 December 2002); (ok reference checked)

___________Report of the Saskatchewan Penal Commission, Regina: King's Printer, 1946;

___________Saskatchewan Justice, Policy & Evaluations Branch, Sentencing circles : a discussion paper, 1993, 11 p.;

__________see the restorative justice technique used at the pre-charge stage because of referral by the police or at the post-charge/ pre-trial stage through an exercise of prosecutorial discretion by a Crown attorney, Prosecutorial policy of Saskatchewan, Policy and Practice Directive YOU 1;

Saskatchewan Native Law Centre, “Sentencing Circle: General Overview and Guidelines”, found at www.usask.ca/nativelaw/publications/jab/circle.html;

SATTERFIELD, Mary T., "Temporary Absence and Parole: The Practical Approach", 13 p. in Criminal Law: What Every Lawyer Ought to Know About the Practice of Criminal Law, Young Lawyers' Division Ontario Workshop, Saturday, October 27th, 1984, Co-Chairmen: Brian Gover and Maureen P. Murphy, [Toronto]: Canadian Bar Association - Ontario, Continuing Legal Education, 1984, 1 v. (various pagings), forms, 30 cm., copy at the S.C.C. library: KF9219 C745 ;

SAUNDERS, D.E., "Sentencing of Homosexual Offenders", (1967-68) 10 The Criminal Law Quarterly 25-29;

SAUNDERS, R.P., An Introduction to Criminal Law in Context, 3rd ed., Carswell, August 1996, 1200 p., ISBN: 0459554409; research notes: on 2nd ed.: SAUNDERS, R.P. and C.N. Mitchell, eds., An Introduction to Criminal Law in Context, 2nd ed., Toronto: Carswell, 1990, xx, 611p.; on 1st ed.: North York, Ont.: Captus Press, 1989, ISBN: 0921801254 ( SERIES/SÉRIE: Carleton legal studies series); check for newe edition;

"This casebook-styled text presents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of criminal law, and combines commentary by the authors with excerpts from cases, government reports and secondary material such as articles and newspaper reports. While comprehensively discussing and critically examining the traditional approach to criminal law found in the Criminal Code and common law doctrine, this text explores the historical, theoretical, sociological and political contexts of the criminal law and its administration. The third edition contains analysis of important statutory developments relating to the sentencing of adult offenders and the trial process and dispositions for young offenders." (Carswell, Law Book News, # 306, September 1996);

SCANLON, Angela, 1977-, A comparative empirical analysis of sentencing trends in Canada: 1983-1984 and 1999-2000, Thesis (M.A.), University of Ottawa, 2002; copy at Library and Archives Canada, microform; .

STUDENT ABSTRACT: This thesis provides a comparative analysis of sentencing patterns in two time periods separated by seventeen years. Research of this type has not been attempted previously, due to the limited availability of historical sentencing data. Using statistics obtained from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's Fingerprint System from 1983-1984 and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics' Adult Criminal Court Survey for 1999-2000, this study examines whether recommendations made by various federal inquiries into sentencing have affected judicial decision-making at the trial court level. At the core of this discussion is an examination of those initiatives aimed at reducing the use of imprisonment as a sanction. Comparisons reveal that sentencing patterns in 1983-1984 differed significantly from those present in 1999-2000. In some cases, it appears as though the changes were in accordance with recommendations of the federal inquiries whereas in others, the patterns that were discovered seemed to indicate that judges ignored or even defied the directives given. With regard to the promotion of community sanctions, there was an overwhelming increase in the use of probation. In contrast, the findings with respect to the use of imprisonment were more ambiguous; while the overall decrease in the rate of incarceration had been a stated objective, the manner in which this reduction was achieved appears to contradict the recommendations of the inquiries. Essentially, this study shows that, despite the wealth of time and research devoted to the reform of the sentencing process in this country, the impact of these efforts on judicial practices has been minimal.(source: http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/s4-bin/Main/ItemDisplay?l=0&l_ef_l=0&id=106207.1310181&v=1&lvl=2&coll=18&rt=1&itm=28841712&rsn=S_WWWyaaKrSpbX&all=1&dt=+AW+|criminal|+AND+TD+=+2002&spi=-&rp=4&vo=1, accessed on 14 May 2005);

SCHABAS, William A., 1950-, Les infractions d'ordre sexuel, Cowansville (Quebec): Les Éditions Yvon Blais, 1995, xix, 378 p., voir "La sanction" aux pp. 255-287, ISBN: 2890739791; copie à la Bibliothèque de la Cour suprême du Canada, KF 9325 S32 1995 c. 01; (ok reference checked)

SCHAFFER, "Justice with Mercy: The Treaties With Canada and Mexico for the Execution of Penal Judgments", (1978) 4 B'klyn J. Int'l L. 246;

SCHEID, Don E., "Constructing a theory of punishment, desert, and the distribution of punishments", (July 1997) 10 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 441-506;

SCHIFFER, Marc E., "The Sentencing of Mentally Disordered Offenders", (1976) 14 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 307;

SCHMEISER, Douglas A. in conjunction with Hans B. Heumann and John R. Manning, The native offender and the law. Prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, Ottawa: Information Canada, 1974, x, 90 p.; also published in French / aussi publié en français: SCHMEISER, Douglas A., avec la collaboration de Hans W.B. Heumann et John R, Manning, La délinquance chez les autochtones et la loi. Préparé pour la Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, Ottawa: Information Canada, 1974, x, 96 p.; (ok reference checked)

"Table of Contents

FOREWORD...vii
INTRODUCTION...ix
THE PRISON POPULATION...1
THE TYPE OF OFFENCE COMMITTED...18
USE OF ALCOHOL BY NATIVE OFFENDERS...35
SENTENCING...45
RECIDIVISM RATES...75
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS...81
NOTES....83" (p. v)

------

"Table des matières

AVANT-PROPOS...vii
INTRODUCTION....ix
LES DÉTENUS...1
LA NATURE DES INFRACTIONS...17
L'ALCOOLISME CHEZ LES DÉLINQUANTS AUTOCHTONES...39
DÉTERMINATION DE LA PEINE...49
TAUX DE RECIDIVE...79
CONCLUSIONS GÉNÉRALES...87
RENVOIS...89" (p. v)

SCHMITZ, Cristin, "Federal C.A. splits on Constitutionality of Death Penalty", (1989) 8:34 Lawyers Wekly 20;

___________"Judge who highlighted youth justice flaws pans Tory plan: Longer sentences a leap to 'politically appealing' stance, Nunn says", The Ottawa Citizen, Monday, 29 September 2008, at p. A1 and A6; the title at p. 6 is "Crime: Judge defends present law's rehabilitation focus";

___________"S.C.C. Ruling Widens Drunkenness Defence? Drunkenness Defence Distinction Doesn't Offend Charter", (1989) 8:34 Lawyers Weekly 1, 22;

__________"Parliamentary Update - C-55: An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (High Risk Offenders)", The Lawyers Weekly, April 25, 1997, p. 22: "Reported with amendments by the Standing Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs March 5, 1997"; note by François Lareau: Parliament dissolved in April 1997 because election called;

SCHNEIDER, Richard D., "Fitness to Be Sentenced", (1999) 41 The Criminal Law Quarterly 261;

SCHOOM, S., "Kingston Penitentiary: The Early Decades", (1966) 8 Canadian Journal of Corrections 215-220;

SCHROEDER, Andreas, Shaking It Rough: A Prison Memoir, Doubleday, 1976, ISBN: 0385123108;

SCHUBERT, G., "The Sentencing Behaviour of Ontario Judges: A Methodological Overview", (1972) 10 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 234-257;

SCHUMIATCHER, Morris C., "I Set Before You Life and Death", (1987) 24 University of Western Ontario Law Review 1-25;

SCHWARTZ, Sheldon, "The Professional Life of a Federal Parole Officer", in Julian V. Roberts and Michelle G. Grossman, eds., Criminal Justice in Canada: A Reader, 3rd ed., Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007, xiv, 321 p., at pp. 90-100, ISBN: 0176424091; (ok reference checked)

SCOTT, George William, The atonement : penal substitution, Thesis (B.D.), McMaster University, Department of New Testament, Hamilton, Ontario, 1968, iv, 54 p.;

SCNEIDER, R., "Mental Disorder in the Courts: Court Ordered Treatment of Accused" (December, 1996) cited in the bibliography of COLE, The Honourable Judge David P.(Ontario Court of Justice (Provincial Division), Scarborouh, Ontario), "Bill C-41: An Overview and Some Introductory Thoughts" dans/in Patrick Healy et/and Hélène Dumont, sous la direction de/eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal, Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ) , 1998, xiii, 417 p., aux pp. 59-82 at p. 80, ISBN: 2894000960; at p. 81, Cole writes about his bibliography: "This is a partial list of sources which I have used in the preparation of this paper. It does not purport to be exaustive. Copies of unpublished papers can be obtained from the authors or from myself. The assistance of these authors is acknowledged";

SCOVILLE, John, “Electronic Monitoring: The Newfoundland Experience”, (2001) 6(3) Canadian Criminal Law 314-317; (ok reference checked)

SEAGER, James A., "Violent Men: The Importance of Impulsivity and Cognitive Schema ", (February 2005) 32(1) Criminal Justice and Behavior 26-49; (ok reference checked)

SEEMAN, N., "Revenge Has Its Day in Court", (1996) 20(1) Canadian Lawyer 13-15;

SEGAL, Murray D. and Rick Libman, "Sentencing in Robbery Cases: an Updated Survey of Cases in the Ontario courts", [1987] 1 Crown's Newsletter 15-94;

SÉGUIN, Lorraine R., The international transfer of offenders : a Canadian perspective, Master of Arts (M.A.) Thesis, University of Ottawa, 1984, 213 leaves; call number at Ottawa University: KE9275 .S427 1984;

SELLIN, Thorsten, "Capital Punishment", (1965-66) 8 The Criminal Law Quarterly 36-51;

SEMINAR on the Persistent Offender. Queen University (1963: Kingston, Ont.), Proceedings, Kingston: [s.n.], 1963, noted on DOBIS;

Sentencing : being the edited transcript of a lecture course in continuing legal education held in Vancouver, B.C. on June 2, 1978 / leaders were, T. R. Braidwood ... [et al.] ; edited by K. C. Woodsworth, Vancouver : Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia: Centre for Continuing Education, University of British Columbia, 1979, ii, 101 p. ; 23 cm.; copy at National Library Ottawa;

Sentencing [sound recording], Vancouver : Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, [1986]; Pub. No.: Publisher no.: AA86407 Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia; 6 sound cassettes : analog.; copy at the National Library Ottawa: NL stks fol - Cass. 2526 - NO ILL ;

"Sentencing" (1990) 32 Canadian Journal of Criminology 381-502 numerous articles commenting on the proposals of the Canadian Sentencing Commission;

Sentencing and corrections ; Recent developments in extradition [sound recording], Markham, Ont. : Audio Archives of Canada, c1984, Publisher no.: CLE 364/83 Audio Archives of Canada, 1 sound cassette : 4.75 cm/s;

Sentencing and Dispositions Project (Canada), Offender restitution [microform] : a study paper, [Kanata, Ont. : Micro-Can, 1985], 1 microfiche (33 fr.) ; 11 x 15 cm., copy at the National Library Ottawa;

Sentencing Circles -- Bibliography, University of Regina, Dr. John Archer Library (Folder);

Sentencing in Newfoundland: Digests of Important Cases Since 1970/Case Summaries by His Honour Judge Gerald Barnable and His Honour Judge Owen Kennedy; edited by Brian Casey, St. John's, Newfoundland, [s.n], 1988, 1 v. (loose-leaf), June 1989 supplement interfiled, [second supplement in 1992 by ed. Brian Casey and Rosemary Dawson];

Sentencing & Post-Conviction Representation: Materials Prepared for a Continuing Legal Education Seminar Held in Vancouver, B.C., on October 18, 1986, course co- ordinators Grant C. Taylor, Georges A. Goyer, Donald Sorochan; instructors, Samuel M. Toy...[et al.], Vancouver, Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, c1986, 1 v. (loose-leaf), ill., 30 cm., PA86407, ISBN: 0865042853;

SERIN, R. and J.S. Lawson, "Prediction of Temporary Abscence Outcome for Penitentiary Inmates", (1987) 29 Canadian Journal of Criminology 35-49;

SERVICE DE RECHERCHE DE LA COMMISSION DES SERVICES JURIDIQUES, Sentences Drogues, Montréal: Wilson & Lafleur/Sorej. Ltée et Québec: Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 1984, 433 p.; note: livre commenté par Rachel Grondin, (1985) 16 Revue générale de droit 211;

SHAH, Syed Jamal, The Pardoning Power, LL.M., Alberta, 1977, copy at National Library;

SHAPE, Susan, Restorative justice: a vision for healing and change, Edmonton: Edmonton Victim Offender Mediation Society, 1998, iii, 108 p.;

SHARPE, Frank T., "Do Reformatories Reform? The Recidivist Group", (November 1927) 10 Social Welfare 25-25;

SHAW, Margaret, "The Federal Female Offender: Report on a Preliminary Study", Ottawa, Solicitor General, Canada, June, 1989;

___________"Survey of Federally Sentenced Women" Interim Report, Solicitor General, Canada, Ottawa, Canada, December, 1989;

SHAW, M., and F. Jané, F., Restorative justice and policing in Canada: Bringing the community into focus, Ottawa, Ontario: Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 1998;

SHAW, Margaret, and Hannah Moffat Kelly, "Gender, diversity and risk assessment in Canadian corrections", (2000) 47(3) Probation Journal 163-172;

SHEEHY, Elizabeth, "Battered Women and Mandatory Minimum Sentences", (2001) 39 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 529-554;

____________"Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Law and Policy -- Introduction", (2001) 39 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 261-272; (ok reference checked)

***RENDU ICI***
SHERIDAN, A.K.B. and J. Konrad, "Probation" in W.T. McGrath, ed., Crime and Its treatment in Canada, 2nd ed., Toronto: Macmillan, 1976;

SHERWIN, William Webster, The church and penal reform in Canada, 1963, 1 v., Thesis (Th.M.), Emmanuel College, 1963;

SHETREET, S., "The Limits of Expeditious Justice", in Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice, Expeditious Justice: Papers of the Canadian Institute for the Administation of Justice, Toronto: Carswell, 1979;

SHEWAN, Ian, "The Decision to Parole: Balancing the Rehabilitation of the Offender with the protection of the Public", (1985) 27 Canadian Journal of Criminology 327-339;

SHIELDS, E., An Examination of Familial Ideology and Social Control in the Burnaby Correctional Centre for Women, Master Thesis, Simon Fraser University. Burnaby, B.C., 1995;

SHIHADEH, Emile and Albert N.B. Need, "The Perception of Parole Prison Activity", (1974) 16 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections 403-410;

SHINER, E.V., "The Return of the Married Offender to His Family", Canadian Congress of Corrections Proceedings, Ottawa: Canadian Welfare Council, 1957;

SHOOM, Sydney, "The Upper Canada Reformatory Penetanguishene: The Dawn of Prison Reform in Canada", (1972-73) 14-15 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections 260- 267;

SHORE, J.J.M., "An Evaluation of Canada's Dangerous Offender Legislation", (1984) 25 Cahiers de droit 411;

"Should 'Dead Time' Count in Computing Sentence? Comments on R. v. Gravino, (1971) 13 C.L.Q. 434 and other Cases", (1974) Aug. C.L.A.S. side 2, pt. 1;

SILK, Eric and Shaun MacGrath, "Compensation for Victims of Crime in Ontario", (1975) 9 Law Society Gazette 29- 43;

SILVER, Lisa Ann, The Punitive Sanction as an Alternative to the Criminal Sanction in Regulatory Offences, LL.M. thesis, University of Calgary, Alberta, 2001, vi, 162 leaves;

SILVERMAN, Robert and Leslie Kennedy, "Women who Kill Their Children", (1988) 3 Violence & Victims 113;

SILVERSTEIN, Martin, "The Ties that bind: Family surveillance of Canadian parolees", (2001) 42(3) Sociological Quarterly 395-420;

SILVERSTEIN, Russell, "Moving in the wrong direction when it comes to incarceration", 28(2) For the Defence -- Criminal Lawyers’ Association Newsletter 42-47; (ok reference checked)

SINCLAIR, Don, Président, La justice pour les victimes d’actes criminels / rapport. Groupe d’étude fédéral-provincial, Ottawa : Approvisionnements et services Canada / Ministère de la justice du Canada, 1983;.

SINGLETON, T.J., "La discrimination fondée sur le motif des antécédents judiciaires et les instruments anti-discriminatoires canadiens", (1993) 72 Revue du barreau canadien 456-495;

SIREN, Amy, "An Analysis of Correctional Services for Adults in Ontario", (1972-73) 14-15 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections 268-281;

SIROIS, L'honorable juge André Sirois, Juge coordonnateur, Cour du Québec (chambre de la jeunesse), Québec, Québec/Senior District Judge, Provincial Court, (Youth Court), Quebec, Quebec, «De la décision [sur la sentence] en matière de jeunes contrevenants»/"The Disposition in Matters Concerning Young Offenders" in Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice/Institut canadien d'administration de la justice, Public Perception of the Administration of Justice - Papers presented at a Conference Held in Banff, Alta, Oct. 11-14 1995/L'administration de la justice: la perception du public - Textes présentés lors d'un colloque tenu à Banff, Alb., du 11 au 14 oct. 1995, ISBN: 28940, ed./sous la direction de Jean Maurice Brisson and/et Donna Greschner, Montreal: Éditions Thémis, 1996, xiii, 433 p., copy at Ottawa University, Fauteux Library, KE8200.Z85P826 1996, pp. 209-230 (French text) and 231-251 (English text);

Table des matières: «I. L'importance de la décision...211; II. L'objectif premier de la loi: la protection de la société...212: A. Par la prévention...212; B. Par la responsabilisation du jeune contrevenant...215; III. La décision...217: A. Considérations sur la proportionnalité entre l'infraction et la peine...217; B. Considérations sur le facteur de dissuasion...219; C. Considérations sur le droit à la liberté de l'adolescent...220; D. Considérations sur les besoins de l'adolescent...222; E. L'importance de traiter l'ensemble de la situation...224; F. Adopter la bonne mesure au bon moment...226; IV. L'examen de la décision ou la libération conditionelle octroyée par le juge...227; V. De la décision pour déterminer la juridiction compétente...227»/Table of contents in English: "I. Importance of the Disposition...233; II. The Primary Objective of the Act - Protection of Society: A. Prevention...234; B. Responsibility of the Young Offender...237; III. The Disposition...238: A. Proportionality between the offence and the sentence; B. The deterrent effect; C. The Young Person's Rights and Freedoms...242; D. The Young Person's Needs...243; E. The Importance of Dealing with the Overall Situation...245; F. Choosing the right measure at the right time...247; IV. Examining the Disposition or the Parole Granted...248; V. Determination of the Competent Jurisdiction...248";

SKINNER, Shirley, Otto Driedger and Brian Grainger, Corrections: An Historical Perspective of the Saskatchewan Experience, Regina, Canadian Plains Research Centre, University of Regina, 1981, "The only full-length history of a provincial prison system...." (R.C. MacLeod, 1940-, ed., Lawful Authority: Readings on the History of Criminal Justice in Canada, Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1988, ISBN: 077304681X, p. 294);

SKINNIDER, Eileen, Canada's Approach to Minor Offences, Behavioural Problems and Administrative Detention, International Centre for Criminal law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, 2005, 54 p.; available at http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/Publications/Reports/China_Re-education_through_labor.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

SKOOG, Douglas Matt, A Sociological Study of Variables Affecting the decision to Apply for Parole, M.A. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 1971;

SKURKA, Steven, "Two Scales of Justice: The Victim as Adversary", Criminal Lawyers' Association Annual Convention and Education Programme: Justice Denied?, Toronto, Ont., Criminal Lawyers' Association, 1992; also published in (1993) 35 The Criminal Law Quarterly 334-354, see reply in YOUNG, Alan N., "Two Scales of Justice: A Reply", (1993) 35 The Criminal Law Quarterly 355-375;

SMANDYCH, Russell Charles, Catherine J.Matthews and Sandra J. Cox, with the assistance of Ezzat A. Fattah and Jean Trépanier, Canadian Criminal Justice History: An Annotated Bibliography, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987, xviii, 332 p., 24 cm., ISBN: 0802057209, copy at University of Ottawa: Ref.KE8813 .A1 S587 1987,

"Organized into four broad subjects areas, the bibliography deals with police including documents relating to the history and development of the RCMP, provincial and municipal policy, and the early use of the military in a policing capacity; The next chapter provides a context in which major components of the criminal justice system evolved; material on the history of crime and deviance, juvenile delinquency, and reform movements. The third chapter covers the history and development of the criminal law and the criminal courts. Finally chapter four deals with documents relating to the development of institutions for coping with criminals, the poor, and the insane; punishment and treatment of incarcerated offenders; penal reform; and the history and development of various sentencing alternatives, such as transportation, probation, and parole"

SMART, Bill, "Sentencing", in Federation of Law Societies of Canada, National Criminal Law Program: Procedure, Practice and Tactics [seminar presented by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada and the Law Society of Manitoba at the University of Manitoba, 22-26 July 1985], Winnipeg, Man.: Federation of Law Societies of Canada, 1985, 2 v., in vol. 1;

SMART, Judge B., “Community-Based Justice Initiatives: An Overview” in Seeking Common Ground, Toronto: Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution, 1994;

SMITH, Ian R. and Gary T. Trotter, "Developments in Criminal Law: The 2004-2005 Term", (2005) 30 The Supreme Court Law Review (2nd ser.) 207-276, and see "Sentencing" at pp. 272-276; contains discussion of R. v. Fice; (ok reference checked)

SMITH, J., "Whose Job", Food for Thought, Toronto: Canadian Association for Adult Education, March 1955;

SMITH, Paula, ....Claire Goggin, and Paul Gendreau, The Impact of Incarceration and Intermediate Sanctions on Recidivism: General Effects and Individual Differences, Department of the Solicitor General, Ottawa, 2002;

SMITH, Paula, Claire Goggin, Paul Gendreau, The Effects Of Prison Sentences And Intermediate Sanctions On Recidivism: General Effects And Individual Differences 2002-01, Ottawa: Solicitor General Canada, 2002, ISBN: 0-662-66475-2; available at http://ww2.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/publications/corrections/200201_Gendreau_e.pdf (accessed on 8 June 2006);

SNEIDER, Richard D., "Sentencing Mentally Ill Offenders", in Julian V. Roberts and David P. Cole, eds., Making Sense of Sentencing, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999, [ix]¸ 381 p. at pp. 160-172, ISBN: 0802006868 (cloth) and 0802076440 (paper); (ok reference checked)

SNEIDERMAN, Barney, "The Case of Robert Latimer: A Commentary on Crime and Punishment", (1999) 37 Alberta Law Review 1017-1044; (ok reference checked)

___________“Latimer in the Supreme Court: Necessity, Compassionate Homicide, and Mandatory Sentencing”, (2001) 64(2) Sasktachewan Law Review 511-544; (ok reference checked)

___________"R. v. Latimer: Juries and Mandatory Penalties", (2001) 39 Criminal Reports (5th) 29;

___________"R. v. Latimer: Juries and Mandatory Penalties", (2001) 39(1) Criminal Reports (5th) 29-41; (ok reference checked)

SOCIETY FOR THE REFORM OF THE CRIMINAL LAW, Consistency in sentencing : a paper prepared for the meeting of Commonwealth law ministers at Christchurch, New Zealand, in April 1990 / by Members of the Society for the Reform [of] Criminal Law, [Christchurch, N.Z. : The Society], 1990, 157 p.; copy at the following library: "Alberta Justice, Law Society Libraries, Edmonton Northern Region Library", call number: KF/9685/S62; (ok reference checked)

SPIRO, Grant Philip, The Parolee and his 'After-Care' Problems: An Exploratory Study of Conditions Encountered by Men on Parole Which Impede the Process of Rehabilitation, with Some Applications to After-Care Agencies B.C. 1961, Thesis (M.S.W.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1961;

SPITERI, Melanie, 1973-, Sentencing circles for Aboriginal offenders in Canada: furthering the idea of Aboriginal justice within a Western justice framework, Thesis (M.A.), University of Windsor, 2001;

SPLANE, Richard B., Social Welfare in Ontario, 1791-1893, Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1965;

SOCIÉTÉ ÉLIZABETH FRY DU QUÉBEC, site web, http://www.elizabethfry.qc.ca/, site visité le 18 mars, 2006; (ok reference checked)

SONG, Daniel J. and Christine Boyle, "When Race Matters in Sentencing: R. v. Ramsay and R. v. Hamilton", (2004) 22 Criminal Reports (6th) 86-97; (ok reference checked)

SOPINKA, John (Late Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada), 1933-1997, and Mark A. Gelowitz, The Conduct of An Appeal, 2nd edition, Toronto and Vancouver: Butterworths, 2000, xxvii, 299 p., deals with appeals as to sentence, ISBN: 043343072; (ok reference checked)

SOQUIJ, Détermination de la peine, 2e édition par Johanne Lauzon, SOQUIJ, 1996, 388 p., (Collection Atout Maître);

"La recherche répertorie l'ensemble des décisions (environ 780) publiées par SOQUIJ en matière de détermination de la peine: les principes généraux, les décisions se rapportant aux infractions prévues au Code criminel et à certaines lois statutaires fédérales et provinciales, etc. En annexe, un tableau souligne les principaux facteurs retenus dans la détermination de la peine ainsi que la nature de la peine imposée."

SOROCHAN, D., Preventive detention of habitual criminals and dangerous offenders, Vancouver (British Columbia): University of British Columbia, Faculty of Law, 1989;

SOWARD, Jennifer, "Mandatory Indeterminate Sentences under Dangerous Offender Legislation", (1998) 7 Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies 189-214; (ok reference checked)

Special Project, "Bill C-19: Reforming the Criminal Law", (1984) 16 Ottawa Law Review 297;

SPITERI, M., "Sentencing Circles for Aboriginal Offenders in Canada: Furthering the Idea of Aboriginal Justice Within a Western Justice Framework", Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Conferencing, Circles and Other Restorative Practices, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 2002, (Retrieved August 14, 2003 from http://www.irp.org/library/mn02_spiteri.html);

SPRINGATE, George P., "A Police Officer's View of the Habitual Criminal", (1967)13 McGill Law Journal 648-651; (ok reference checked)

SPROTT, Jane B., "Are Members of the Public Tough on Crime: The Dimensions of Public 'Punitiveness'", (1999) 27(5) Journal of Criminal Justice 467-474; (ok reference checked)

___________"Do Youthful Offenders Reject Adult Punishment Norms?", (April 2003) 45(2) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 243-257; (ok reference checked)

___________"The Use of Custody for Failing To Comply with a Disposition Cases under the Young Offenders Act", (July 2006) 48(4) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 609-622; (ok reference checked)

SPROTT, Jane B. and Anthony N. Dobb, "Fear, victimization, and attitudes to sentencing, the courts and the police", (1997) 39(3) Canadian Journal of Criminology 275–291;

___________“Imprisonment Rates in Canada: One Law Ten Outcomes”, (1998) 9(4) Overcrowded Times 1 and 6-9; also with the same title in Michael Tonry Michael Tonry , ed., Penal reform in Overcrowded times, New York : Oxford University Press, 2001, xv, 218 p., at pp. 232 to approx. 238, ISBN: 0195141245 and 0195141253 (pbk.);

___________"The Use of Court and Custody under the Youth Criminal Justice Act, in Julian V. Roberts and Michelle G. Grossman, eds., Criminal Justice in Canada: A Reader, 3rd ed., Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007, xiv, 321 p., at pp. 246-257, ISBN: 0176424091; (ok reference checked)

ST AMAND, Michelle D. (Michelle Denise), 1974-, Impact of information about sentencing patterns on public attitudes toward the criminal justice system, Thesis (M.A.), Queen's University, 1998;

STABLEFORTH, Nancy, "From Punishment to Healing", 8 p., in Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice. Conference (1999: Saskatoon, Sask.), Changing punishment at the turn of the century: finding a common ground Punir autrement au tournant du siècle : trouver un terrain d'entente, [Montréal] : Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice, [1999], 1 v. (various pagings); notes: Papers from a conference held in Saskatoon, September 26-29, 1999, available at http://www.ciaj-icaj.ca/english/publications/DP1999/Stableforth.pdf (accessed on 17 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

STANG, Ron, "Conditional sentences undergo trial by fire" [guidelines by Judge of the Ont. C.A., Rosenberg in J.W. on s. 742.1], May 26 - June 1, (1997). 8(18) Law Times 1-2;

___________"Definition of victim too wide, lawyer argues. Should statements from parents of friends be considered by court?", (7 Februrary 2005) 16(5) Law Times 4; (ok reference checked)

STANLEY, Mariln G., The Experience of the Rape Victim with the Criminal Justice System Prior to Bill C-127, Sexual Assault Legislation in Canada: An Evaluation Report No. 1/Les victimes de viol et la justice pénale avant le projet de loi C-127, La loi sur les agressions sexuelles au Canada: Une évaluation, Rapport no 1, Research Report from the Sexual Assault Evaluation Program, Policy, Programs and Research Sector, Research Section, Department of Justice Canada/Rapport des études sur l'agression sexuelle, Secteur de la politique, des programmes et de la recherche, Section de la recherche, Ministère de la Justice Canada, Ottawa: c. 1985, 150 p.;

STANOWSKI, Margaret, (Executive Director, Springboard, Toronto), "Ontario Observations on Effective Diversion Programs", in Patrick Healy and Hélène Dumont, eds., Dawn or Dusk in Sentencing / La détermination de la Peine: une réforme pour hier ou pour demain, Montréal: Éditions Thémis (publié en collaboration de l'Institut canadien d'administration de la justice (ICAJ)/Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (CIAJ), 1998, xiii, 417 p., at pp. 373-376, ISBN: 2894000960, available at http://www.ciaj-icaj.ca/english/publications/DP1997/stanowski.pdf (accessed on 16 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

STAPLES, M.H., "Capital Punishment: A Retentionist's View", (1966) 14 Chitty's Law Journal 338-341;

STATISTICS CANADA, Adult Court Processing of Federal Statute Cases, Eight Jurisdictions, 1996-97, Catalogue no. 85-002-XPE, vol. 18, number 7, p. 7, box 4;

STEIN, Karin and Dan Antonowicz, "Section 745.6 -- 'The Faint Hope Clause' " in (December 2001) Fact Sheet published by the Department of Justice Canada, Research and Statistics Division, Ottawa, 5 p., available at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/fs01-1-e.pdf (accessed on 4 January 2003); also published in French /aussi publié en français: "Art. 745.6 -- 'clause de la dernière chance' " in (décembre 2001) Fiche d'information publié par le ministère de la Justice Canada, Division de la recherche et de la statistique, Ottawa, 5 p., disponible à http://canada.justice.gc.ca/fr/ps/rs/rep/fs01-1-f.pdf (visionné le 4 janvier 2003); (ok reference checked)

STEINITZ, Susanna E., The mask of science : expert constructions of psychopathy in British Columbia dangerous offender hearings, 1978-2000, Thesis (M.A)., School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, 2001, ix, 192 leaves; (ok reference checked)

STENNING, Philip, "Solutions in Search of Problems: A Critique of the Federal Government's Gun Control Proposals", (1995) Canadian Journal of Criminology 184;

STENNING, Philip and Sergio Ciano, "Restitution and Compensation and Fines (Comments on the Working Papers of the Law Reform Commission of Canada)", (1975) 7 Ottawa Law Review 316;

STENNING, Philip and Julian V. Roberts, “Empty Promises: Parliament, The Supreme Court, and the Sentencing of Aboriginal Offenders”, (2001) 64(1) Saskatchewan Law Review 137-168; (ok reference checked)

STEVENS, E., "Recent Developments in Adult Correction in British Columbia", (April 1952) Social Worker;

STEVENS, Laura K., "Gender Bars: Sentencing the Female Offender", (August/September 1996) Law Now 13-15; (ok reference checked)

STEVENS, Sam, Report on the effectiveness of circle sentencing, [Yellowknife, N.W.T. : s.n.], 1994, 52 p.;

STORTINI, Ray, "Community Service Orders", (1978-79) 21 The Criminal Law Quarterly 503-507;

STRANGE, C. "The Criminal and Fallen of Their Sex: The Establishment of Canada's First Women's Prison, 1874-1901 ", (1985) 1 Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 79-92;

___________The Politics of Punishment: The Death Penalty in Canada 1867-1976, Winnipeg: Canadian Legal History P roject, Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, 1992;

STRANGE, Carolyn, 1959-, "The Lottery of Death: Capital Punishment, 1867-1976", (1996) 23 Manitoba Law Journal 594-619;

___________"Mercy for Murderers? A Historical perspective on the Royal Prerogative of Mercy”, (2001) 64(2) Sasktachewan Law Review 559-572, (ok reference checked)

___________The Politics of Punishment: the Death Penalty in Canada 1867-1976, [Winnipeg]: Canadian History Project, Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, [1992], 35 p., 28 cm., series: Working Paper Series, University of Manitoba, Canadian Legal History Project, CLHP-WPS-92-10, call number at University of Toronto: KF345W67 1992 no.10;

___________"The Undercurrents of Penal Culture: Punishment of the Body in Mid-Twentieth Century Canada", (2001) 19(2) Law and History Review 343-385; available at http://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/lhr/LHR.19.2.pdf (accessed on 11 June 2006);(ok reference checked)

Strategies to reduce the over-incarceration of aboriginal people in Canada : a research consultation, Regina : Prairie Justice Research, School of Human Justice, University of Regina, 1990, 1 v. (various pagings), ISBN: 0773101845;

STRATY, P., Expectations of the Parole and Parole Supervision Experience, M.S.W. Thesis, University of Toronto, 1961;

STREET, T.G., "The National Parole Board", (1959-60) 2 The Criminal Law Quarterly 415-419;

___________"Parole as a Social Control", (1965) 7 Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections 5-7;

___________"Parole - Policy and Procedure", (1961-62) 4 The Criminal Law Quarterly 432;

STREVENS, Laura K., "Gender Bars : Sentencing the Female Offender", (August/September 1996) Law Now 13-15; (ok reference checked)

STUART, Barry D. (Barry Drummond), 1943-, Building Community Justice Partnerships: Community Peacemaking Circles, Ottawa: Department of Justice, Communication & Executive Services Branch, 1997;

___________“Circle Sentencing in Canada: A Partnership of the Community and the Criminal Justice System”, (1996) 20 International Journal of Comparative and Applied Crim. Justice 291;

___________"Community Sentencing Circles: Forging New Partnerships and Empowering Communities", Culture, Justice & Law / La culture, la justice et le droit October 14-17, 1992 / 14-17 octovre 1992, 24 p.; available at http://www.ciaj-icaj.ca/english/publications/1992/STUART.ED.pdf (accessed on 17 April 2006);

___________"Key Differences: Courts and Community Circles", (1998) 11 The Justice Professional 89;

___________Peacemaking circle: principles for introduction and design of peacemaking circles, viii, 270 leaves, 1999 LL.M. thesis, York University, 1999, viii, 270 leaves;.available at http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39235.pdf (accessed on 24 April 2006); (ok reference checked)

STUART, Don, 1943-, "A Hard Case Makes for Too Harsh Law", (2001) 39(1) Criminal Reports (5th) 58-64; discusses the Supreme Court decision of R. v. Latimer; (ok reference checked)

___________"Annotation: Deschambault v. R. (1985) 49 C.R.(3d) 151 (Quebec Court of Appeal)", (1986) 49 Criminal Reports (3d) 152-153; about informing jury of consequence of verdict, i.e., sentences etc.; (ok reference checked)

___________"Annotation: R. v. Layte (1983) 38 C.R.(3d) 204 (Ontario County Court)" (1984) 38 Criminal Reports (3d) 204-205; about guilty plea as sentencing factor; (ok reference checked)

___________"Annotation: R. v. Robinson (1984) 38 C.R.(3d) 255 (Ontario Supreme Court [Ontario High Court of Justice])", (1984) 38 Criminal Reports (3d) 256-257; about victim's statement; (ok reference checked)

___________"Annotation: R. v. Sinclair, (2004) 22(2) C.R. (6th) 319 (Manitoba Court of Appeal) 319", (2004) 22(2) Criminal Reports (6th) 320-321; principles when joint submissions not followed by trial judge; case available at http://www.canlii.org/mb/cas/mbca/2004/2004mbca48.html, indexed as R. v. Sinclair, 2004 MBCA 48 (2004-04-20) (accessed on 28 May 2006); (ok reference checked)

___________"Annotation: R. v. Tanner (1983) 36 C.R. (3d) 64 (Man. Prov. Ct.)", (1984) 36 Criminal Reports (3d) 64-65 [probation; terms and conditions; condition of free community service specifying hours but leaving terms, location and type of work; probation service valid as delegating administrative, not judicial, matters];

___________Charter Justice in Canadian Criminal Law, 3rd ed., see "Section 12: Protection Against Cruel and Unusual Treatment or Punishment";

___________Canadian Criminal Law: A Treatise, 4th ed., Scarborough: Carswell, A Thomson Company, 2001, liv, 733 p., ISBN: 0459261703 and 045926118 (pbk.), see "Using Penal Sanctions with Restraint" at pp. 62-66; "Sentencing Aims and Principles" at pp. 66-71 and "Rights of Victims" at pp. 72-73; (ok reference checked)

___________ "Charter Protection Against Law and Order, Victim's Rights and Equality Rhetoric", chapter 17 in Jamie Cameron, ed., The Charter's Impact on the Criminal Justice System, Scarborough: Carswell (Thomson Canada Limited), 1996, xxvi, 448 p., ISBN: 0459553887, at pp. 327-343;

___________"Punishing Corporate Criminals with Restraint", (1995) 6 Criminal Law Forum 219-256;

STUEBING, W.K., Crime Victims. Working Paper No. 9. Victims and Witnesses: Experiences, Needs and Community/Criminal Justice Response, Ottawa, Policy Planning and Development Branch, Department of Justice, 1984;

SUGAR, Fran and Lana Fox, "Survey of Federally Sentenced Aboriginal Women in the Community", Ottawa, Canada, January, 1990;

SULLIVAN, S., Équilibrer la balance: l'état des droits des victimes au Canada, Ottawa: Centre canadien des ressources pour les victimes de crime, 1998;

Summary of the Findings, VIS Volume 7 [Victim Impact Statements]/Résumé des conclusions, VIS volume 7[Déclaration de la victime au tribunal], Department of Justice, Research Section, Working Document: WD 1990-11a (in English) and WD1990-11b (in French);

SWABEY, Thomas R., Annotation, "Absolute and Conditional Discharges under the Criminal Code", (1973) 20 Criminal Reports New Series (C..R.N.S.) 132-140; (ok reference checked)

___________, "Imprisonment and Release (Comments on the Working Papers of the Law Reform Commission of Canada)", (1976) 8 Ottawa Law Review 335;

SWAIGEN, John and Gail Bunt, Sentencing in Environmental Cases -Protection of Life Series - A Study Paper prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1985, 81p., ISBN:0662138295; also published in French / aussi publié en français: La détermination de la peine en droit de l'environnement - Série protection de la vie - Un document d'étude préparé à l'intention de la Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, Ottawa: Commission de réforme du droit du Canada, 1985, 94 p., ISBN:0662930592;

SWITOCZ, Alice, The Ticket of Leave Act: A Study of the Theoretical Hstorical and Pragmatic Forces Leading to Its Inception in 1899, M.A. (Master of Arts) Thesis, Carleton University, Institute of Canadian Studies, 1979;

__________ "Synthesis of the Written Briefs", special study undertaken at the request of the Canadian Committee on Corrections, mentioned in CANADA, Canadian Committee on Corrections, Report of the Canadian Committee on Corrections Toward Unity: Criminal Justice and Corrections, Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1969, xi, 505 p., at p. 443 (Chairman: Roger Ouimet); note: more than 108 briefs were received by the Committee, see pp. 439-441; (ok reference checked)

___________"Le système carcéral canadien et le respect (ou l'irrespect) des droits de l'homme", (1999) 52 Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique 208-220; (ok reference checked)

___________"Use of Various Sentencing Alternatives", special study undertaken at the request of the Canadian Committee on Corrections, mentioned in CANADA, Canadian Committee on Corrections, Report of the Canadian Committee on Corrections Toward Unity: Criminal Justice and Corrections, Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1969, xi, 505 p., at p. 443 (Chairman: Roger Ouimet); (ok reference checked)

SZABO, Denis et Marc Leblanc, sous la direction de, Traité de criminologie empirique, Montréal, Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1994,

«Ce texte est un bilan de la recherche criminologique au Québec depuis 1960. Il s'agit d'une version ‘complètement remaniée' d'un ouvrage publié en 1985. Il s'agit en quelque sorte d'une introduction à la criminologie québécoise. On y analyse le phénomène criminel, la justice pénale (la police et les tribunaux), les mesures pénales (la prison et les solutions de rechange). Une histoire de la criminologie et un guide bibliographique complètent le traité», by/par Tom Gabor et André Normandeau, (1994) 36 Revue canadienne de criminologie/Canadian Journal of Criminology 508;

SZYSZLO, Lucie H.M., An Evaluation of the Canadian Inmate Grievance Procedure, M.A. Thesis, Ottawa University, 1987, vi, 115 leaves, ill., 28 cm., call number: KE 9416 .S987 1987a;

SWIFT, Richard Anthony, 1950-, Academic secondary education in the federal prisons of British Columbia : the guidelines for an alternative program to the general equivalency diploma program, Thesis (M.A.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1986, vii, 92 leaves;